1、excessive：If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you
disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or
reasonable.超过了需要或合理的范围
...the alleged use of excessive force by police...
The government says that local authority spending is excessive.
extra：1．You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same
kind.被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物
Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work.
Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods.
There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard.
= additional
2．If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something.加钱
For foreign orders postage is extra.
The price of your meal is extra.
additional：Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present.
现在已有事物的添加物
The US is sending additional troops to the region.
The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial.
added： You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality.某件事物有特殊的东西或质量
For added protection choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen.
2、private：1．Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual
person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official
organization.私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的
...a joint venture with private industry...
Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain.
Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy
assets.
2．Private individuals are acting only for themselves, and are not representing any group, company, or organization.代表个人的而不是代
表其所在集团、公司或机构
...the law's insistence that private citizens are not permitted to have
weapons...
The King was on a private visit to enable him to pray at the tombs of
his ancestors.
The family tried to bring a private prosecution against him for assault.
3．Your private things belong only to you, or may only be used by you.
只属于个人或者只能为你个人所用
The landowners have had to sell their private aircraft.
...They want more State control over private property...
There are 76 individually furnished bedrooms, all with private
bathrooms.
I took the precaution of clearing out my desk before I left, and only
my private secretary knows it.
4．Private places or gatherings may be attended only by a particular group of people, rather than by the general public.只能有一些特殊集体的人
可以参加而不是大众
673 private golf clubs took part in a recent study.
The door is marked `Private'.
Brian Epstein was buried in a private ceremony at Long Lane Cemetery,
Liverpool.
individual：1．Individual means relating to one person or thing, rather than to
a large group.与一个人或事物相关而不是大集体
...waiting for the group to decide rather than making individual
decisions...
Aid to individual countries would be linked to progress towards
democracy.
Divide the vegetables among four individual dishes.
2．An individual is a person.一个人
...anonymous individuals who are doing good things within our
community.
...the rights and responsibilities of the individual...
A child's awareness of being an individual grows in stages during
the pre-school years.
3．If you describe someone or something as individual, you mean that you admire them because they are very unusual and do not try to
imitate other people or things.因为东西或者是人不模仿其他而带有
欣赏性的形容词
It was really all part of her very individual personality.
The language is highly individual.
personal：1．A personal opinion, quality, or thing belongs or relates to one particular person rather than to other people.个人而非其他人拥有的 He learned this lesson the hard waymfrom his own personal experience.
That's my personal opinion.
...books, furniture, and other personal belongings...
Refugees also complain that soldiers steal food and personal
property from them and demand bribes in exchange for food or shelter.
The President arrived, followed by his personal bodyguard.
...an estimated personal fortune of almost seventy million dollars.
2．If you give something your personal care or attention, you deal with it yourself rather than letting someone else deal with it.亲自或个
人去做而不是由其他人代劳
...a business that requires a great deal of personal contact.
...a personal letter from the President's secretary...
People do not mind paying a bit extra for the personal touch.
3．Personal matters relate to your feelings, relationships, and health.
与个人情感、关系和健康有关
...teaching young people about marriage and personal relationships...
You never allow personal problems to affect your performance.
We sacrifice our personal lives to our work.
Mr Knight said that he had resigned for personal reasons.
3、truth 更强调真理性（比如在自然科学当中的）
fact 更强调事实性（比如在历史或现实当中的）
4、voice：1．When someone speaks or sings, you hear their voice.嗓音
Miriam's voice was strangely calm.
` The police are here,' she said in a low voice.
There was a sound of loud voices from the kitchen.
I ended up with bronchitis and no voice.
2．Someone's voice is their opinion on a particular topic and what they say about it.观点
What does one do when a government simply refuses to listen to the voice
of the opposition?.
There was no disagreement, there were no dissenting voices.
3．If you have a voice in something, you have the right to express an opinion on it.表达观点的权力
Egypt is once again accepted as an important voice in Arab politics.
But your partners will have no voice in how you operate your company.
= say
4．If you voice something such as an opinion or an emotion, you say what you think or feel.表达感受或想法
Some scientists have voiced concern that the disease could be passed
on to humans.
The predominant opinion voiced by Detroit's Arab population seems to
be one of frustration.
= express
sound：1．A sound is something that you hear.声音
Peter heard the sound of gunfire.
Liza was so frightened she couldn't make a sound.
There was a splintering sound as the railing gave way.
...the sounds of children playing.
2．If something such as a horn or a bell sounds or if you sound it, it makes a noise.发音
The buzzer sounded in Daniel's office.
A young man sounds the bell to start the Sunday service.
3.If you sound a warning, you publicly give it. If you sound a note of
caution or optimism, you say publicly that you are cautious or
optimistic.传达
The Archbishop of Canterbury has sounded a warning to Europe's leaders
on third world debt.
Others consider the move premature and have sounded a note of caution.
Sir Patrick attempted to sound a positive note, describing the meeting
as serving a useful purpose.
5、refuse 拒绝（强调拒绝他人）
prohibit 禁止（法律或当权者对行为的不允许）
prevent 阻止（确保某件事不能发生）
avoid 避免（强调自己避免产生的恶性的效果）
例：Professors should ____ repeating in lectures material that is in the text-book.
6、argue 争论（强调不同意）
discuss 讨论（并不强调一定同意或不同意）
7、exist：1．If something exists, it is present in the world as a real thing.作
为真实的东西而存在
He thought that if he couldn't see something, it didn't exist.
Research opportunities exist in a wide range of pure and applied areas
of entomology.
When Alfred Adler first postulated in 1908 that there existed an inborn
instinct of aggression Freud argued against it.
2．To exist means to live, especially under difficult conditions or with very little food or money. 生存，尤其是在困难的情况下（没有食物或者
没有钱）生存
I exist from one visit to the next.
I was barely existing.
...the problems of having to exist on unemployment benefit.
occur：1．When something occurs, it happens.发生
If headaches only occur at night, lack of fresh air and oxygen is often
the cause.
The crash occurred when the crew shut down the wrong engine.
In March 1770, there occurred what became known as the Boston Massacre.
= take place
2．When something occurs in a particular place, it exists or is present there.存在
The cattle disease occurs more or less anywhere in Africa where the fly
occurs.
These snails do not occur on low-lying coral islands or atolls.
= exist
3．If a thought or idea occurs to you, you suddenly think of it or realize it.突然想起或突然意识到
It did not occur to me to check my insurance policy.
It occurred to me that I could have the book sent to me.
The same idea had occurred to Elizabeth.
survive：1．If a person or living thing survives in a dangerous situation such as an accident or an illness, they do not die.从危险的情境（疾病或
者事故）中幸存
...the sequence of events that left the eight pupils battling to
survive in icy seas for over four hours...
Those organisms that are that are most suited to the environment will
be those that will survive.
Drugs that dissolve blood clots can help people survive heart attacks.
2．If you survive in difficult circumstances, you manage to live or continue in spite of them and do not let them affect you very much.
能够在艰难的环境下生存或者没有让艰难的环境影响太多 On my first day here I thought, `Ooh, how will I survive?'
...people who are struggling to survive without jobs...
Where once she had been totally self-sufficient, she now had to
survive on income support.
...a man who had survived his share of boardroom coups.
3．If something survives, it continues to exist even after being in
a dangerous situation or existing for a long time.某物即使在危险
的情境也能生存
When the market economy is introduced, many factories will not
survive.
The chances of a planet surviving a supernova always looked terribly
slim.
...surviving examples of 19th-century architecture in the Mid-West.
4．If you survive someone, you continue to live after they have died.
在某人死后生存
Most women will survive their spouses.
She is survived by two daughters from her first marriage.
...William Shakespeare's last surviving descendant.
8、bind v.绑, 镶边, 装订, 凝固, 约束（使原来本是分散的事物或人成为一个整体，事
物或人没有大小或地位高低之分）
attach vt.缚上, 系上, 贴上
v. 配属, 隶属于（隶属关系，与bind有根本区别）
9、discipline n.纪律, 学科
law n.除法律外也有规则的意思
rule n.规则，惯例
regulation n.规律
例：Unlike marriage or the ties that ____ parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by ____.
10、conclusion n. 结束, 结论
summary n.摘要, 概要
例：the most important ____ that emerges from the data,
11、attraction n.吸引（力）动词形式：attract
attention n.注意（力）动词形式：attend
affection n.感情动词形式：affect（这里不是影响的意思，是感动的含义）这组词不消多说，只是长得比较像，意思是完全不同的。
12、ways 用法：in ... ways
means 用法：by means of...
methods 无特殊用法
approaches 用法：approaches to
每个词都可以表示“方法”的意思，然而用法不同。
13、boundless ，limitless
这两个词都有“无限的”含义，然而因其词根不同强调含义当然也不同。
bound是指“边界”，也就是具体上的含义。所以boundless含义应该是“广袤无垠”的；
limit是指“限制”，也就是抽象上的含义。所以limitless含义应该是“无限的”，这种无限不一定是具体空间上的无限。
14、ordinary ，common ，normal
三者都有“普通、平常”之意，ordinary更强调常见甚至有些低下的含义；common强调的是有共同的感觉，common这个词本身就有“共同的”含义，这个词做名词讲还有“公地”的含义；normal这个词强调“正常的、标准的”，这个词本身还有“师范的”含义。
15、defeated vt.击败
attacked vt&vi. 攻击
fought fight with与...作战（在同一方）；fight against 与...作战（在敌对方）struck vt. 打, 撞击, 冲击, 罢工 vi.打, 打击, 罢工
16、interfered：1.If you say that someone interferes in a situation, you mean they
get involved in it although it does not concern them and their
involvement is not wanted.卷入本与其无关的事情当中，且这种卷入
是不被需要的
I wish everyone would stop interfering and just leave me alone.
The UN cannot interfere in the internal affairs of any country.
2.Something that interferes with a situation, activity, or process
has a damaging effect on it.对情势、行为或进程有毁灭性影响的动
作
Drug problems frequently interfered with his work.
Alexander wasn't going to let a lack of space interfere with his
plans.
Smoking and drinking interfere with your body's ability to process
oxygen.
interrupted：1.If you interrupt someone who is speaking, you say or do something
that causes them to stop.打断某人谈话
Turkin tapped him on the shoulder. `Sorry to interrupt,
Colonel.'.
He tried to speak, but she interrupted him.
2.If someone or something interrupts a process or activity, they
stop it for a period of time.某人或某物中断一个进程或行为一段
时间
He has rightly interrupted his holiday in Spain to return to
London.
The match took nearly three hours and was interrupted at times
by rain.
disturbed：1.If you disturb someone, you interrupt what they are doing and upset them.打断别人而且让别人不高兴
Did you sleep well? I didn't want to disturb you. You looked so
peaceful.
Find a quiet, warm, comfortable room where you won't be disturbed.
= interrupt
2.If something disturbs you, it makes you feel upset or worried.
使不高兴或担心
I dream about him, dreams so vivid that they disturb me for days.
He had been disturbed by the news of the attack on Hector Coyne.
= worry
3.If something is disturbed, its position or shape is changed.位
置或形状被改变（扰乱）
He'd placed his notes in the brown envelope. They hadn't been
disturbed.
The old woman put her arm gently around Mona's shoulders, taking
care not to disturb the costume.
4.If something disturbs a situation or atmosphere, it spoils it or
causes trouble. 情势或气氛或毁坏或者产生问题
Neither Baker nor Levy seemed eager to disturb the cordial
atmosphere by discussing more sensitive issues..
What could possibly disturb such tranquility?
17、easy 做事情的容易
simple 事情本身的简单
18、adapt vi.适应（+to）
adept a. 熟练的
adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养
其实这组词恰好讲述了一个人在一个地方的成长经历。首先，他要“适应”；其次，他要“熟练”掌握业务能力；最后，他的建议才能被其领导所“采用，采纳”。
19、appliance n.用具，器具（通常指电器）
equipment n.装备（来源于动词equip）
utility n.效用（来源于动词utilize）
facility n.容易，便利（来源于动词facilitate）
20、accident :1.An accident happens when a vehicle hits a person, an object, or another
vehicle, causing injury or damage.车祸
She was involved in a serious car accident last week.
The train driver failed to brake in time, according to the official
report into the accident.
2.If someone has an accident, something unpleasant happens to them that
was not intended, sometimes causing injury or death.发生一些不好的
事，比如伤亡
5,000 people die every year because of accidents in the home.
The police say the killing of the young man was an accident.
incident:An incident is something that happens, often something that is unpleasant. (FORMAL)通常指不高兴的事情发生
These incidents were the latest in a series of disputes between the
two nations.
26 people have been killed in a dramatic shooting incident.
The voting went ahead without incident.
21、include强调“包括作为整体的一部分”
如:The list included his name.这个名单上包括他的名字。
contain着重“其中确实包含有”
如：The bottle contains water. 这个瓶子里有水。
22、assure：If you assure someone that something is true or will happen, you tell
them that it is definitely true or will definitely happen, often in order
to make them less worried.断言某件事情是准确的或者一定会发生，经常是
为了让别人不担心
Please assure Matthew that my house is not about to slide into the sea.
ensure：In British English, to ensure that something happens means to make certain that it happens.确保某件事会发生（在美语当中经常写成”insure”） His reputation was enough to ensure that he was always welcome.
insure：has another meaning. In both British and American English, if you insure your property, you pay money to a company so that if the property is lost,
stolen, or damaged, the company will pay you a sum of money.给财产上
保险
Insure your baggage before you leave home.
23、require 要求（上级对下级，长辈对晚辈）
request 请求（英文含义：require formally and politely不用我多说了吧？）
24、proceeded vi.进行, 继续下去, 发生
produced vt.提出, 出示, 生产, 制造
pronounced v.发音, 宣告, 断言
progressed vi.前进, 进步, 进行
25、identical adj.同一的, 同样的
same含义其实是差不多的，只是same前要用the，而且当后面出现as的时候，就要用same
26、below 水平线上的或者高度上的在下面
under 直接在下面，有时候有覆盖的意味 ~ a single tent
27、target 来自中古法语targette盾所以通常指具体存在的“靶子”或者打击目标
goal 相对比较抽象，比如“人生目标”之类，需要努力达到；但指“球门”时除外
完型词汇辨析（100%原创） (2008-11-18 13:19:57) 转载 分类：四级资料 标签： 杂谈 各位同学大家好： 我的完型词汇辨析总结终于做出来了，可是我粘了几次都说我字数太大，粘不上。如果 要分割的话肯定会被分割成太多篇，会给同学们带来很多不便。所以我觉得还是大家向我要word文档比较方便一些，给我发邮件我都会给。我的邮箱是dong_li_723@https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html, 这个辨析我还是费了一番心血的，其间查了各种词典，包括Collins、Oxford、Visual Thesaurus 3、金山词霸，甚至还有百度知道。 下面是一些示例，供大家观看： 1、excessive： If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable. 超过了需要或合理的范围 ...the alleged use of excessive force by police... The government says that local authority spending is excessive. extra： 1extra
You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind. 被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物 Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work. Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods. There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard. ADJ: ADJ n = additional 2extra If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something. 加钱 For foreign orders postage is extra. The price of your meal is extra. additional： Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present. 现在已有事物的添加物 The US is sending additional troops to the region.
一、动词 考点：1.动作的先后顺序 2.动作的发出者和承受者 1. 1. Look see看见/明白watch看（持续）read读/写着Notice=spot看见/注意到 observe观察scan浏览 witness见证/目击 Glance瞥（不敢正视）stare盯着glare怒视+at/into/out 2.look for找（过程） Find 找到（表示结果） Find out 查明（后面加抽象信息） Search sb搜身/sp搜查 Search for 寻找 Seek 追寻寻找（过去式sought） 3.Accept 主动接受（承认无能为力） Receive 被动接收 4.Attempt to试图做（没有成功） Manage to 成功做成 Manage 管理 5. Require 要求上-下 Request 要求下-上 Demand 要求强制 Demanding adj 要求高的
6. Sign n标志v签名signature Mark n标记v 做标记 Grade n年级/成绩v 打分 7. Collect 收集把东西从不同的地方放到一块儿 取collect sth(单数). Save 保存为了再次使用 8. reach到达/达到/够到 Reach into 把手伸进 Reach out 伸出手来 9. Develop 发展（变化） Improve 提高（能力环境）- + I am wondering which one of us had ______more A improved B benefited Increase 数量上升 Rise 方位上升 Raise 使上升 10. Remember 记起（宾语再次出现主观、抽象）Recognize 认出（宾语再次出现客观、具体）Discover 发现（宾语第一次出现客观、具体）Realize 意识到（宾语第一次出现主观、抽象） 11. Study 学习（过程） Learn 学会（结果）
现代管理理论 ——经验主义管理理论
一．经验主义学派产生的时间 19世纪50年代左右 二．经验主义学派主要代表人物及其主要理论观点 彼得·德鲁克（Peter F·Drucker，1909—2005）1.德鲁克的理论观点 德鲁克的管理思想博大精深，包括目标管理、经理人员的任务和工作、有效管理者、事业理论、绩效精神、创新与企业家精神、知识管理的等思想。 （1）目标管理 1954年，德鲁克在《管理的实践》一书中提出了目标管理。德鲁克认为传统管理学派偏于以工作为中心，忽视人的一面，而行为科学又偏于以人为中心，忽视了同工作相结合。目标管理则结合以工作为中心和以人为中心的管理方法，使职工发现工作的兴趣和价值，从工作中满足其自我实现的需要，同时，企业的目标也因职工的自我实现而实现，这样就把工作和人性二者统—起来了。 （2）经理人员的两大任务和五项工作 a.两大任务： 第一项任务：经理人必须建立一支单一有机体的团队。第二项任务：经理人必须权衡目前利益与长远利益。 b.五项工作：第一项：制定目标。第二项：组织。第三项：激励与沟通。第四项：衡量。第五项工作：培养 （3）组织结构 经验主义学派对建立合理组织结构问题普遍重视。德鲁克认为，当今世界上管理组织的新模式可以概括为以下几种： 1.集权的职能性结构； 2.分权的联邦式结构，称为“事业部制”； 3.规划——目标
结构，即矩阵结构；4.模拟性分权管理结构。 （4）有效的管理者 德鲁克认为“作为一个有效的管理者，必须在思想上养成如下的习惯：a.知道如何利用自己的时间；b.注意使自己的努力产生必要的成果，而不是工作本身,重视对外界的贡献；c.把工作建立在优势上—他们自己的优势,善于利用自己的长处，上级、同事和下级的长处；d.精力集中于少数主要领域；e.善于做出有效的决策”。 （5）创新与企业家精神 德鲁克首次将创新与企业家精神视为企业需要加以组织、系统化的实务与训练内容。 三.经验主义管理在现实中的应用 事业部制的概述：事业部制又称M型组织结构，即多单位企业、分权组织，或部门化结构。就是按照企业所经营的事业，包括按产品、按地区、按顾客（市场）等来划分部门，设立若干事业部。事业部是在企业宏观领导下，拥有完全的经营自主权，实行独立经营、独立核算的部门，既是受公司控制利润中心，具有利润生产和经营管理的职能，同时也是产品责任单位或市场责任单位，对产品设计、生产制造及销售活动负有统一领导的职能。其特征是：决策权并不完全集中于公司最高管理层，而是分权给事业部，有利于它们统一管理、独立核算；公司最高管理层摆脱了日常事务，集中精力进行重大决策的研究；公司的适应性强；适于规模大，产品种类多，经营范围广，分地区经营，技术上，生产上可以相互独立进行的企业；管理层次多，管理费用高，各事业部协助比较困难，易产生各自为政、本位主义的倾向。 事业部制的由来：事业部制是由曾担任美国通用汽车公司总经理的阿尔弗雷德·斯隆在1921-1922年对美国通用汽车进行改革时推行的。通用公司采用了事业部制以后，不仅摆托了困境，而且迅速超过了福特公司。但是事业部制的形
赵丽词汇5500速记讲义 教材说明：本教案是针对新东方在线使用的内部讲义，本讲义只提供老师讲课时的题目。根据老师的意见，笔记需要自己根据声音和课件板书记，这样可以加强记忆。 UNIT 1 1. Living in that _____ house over there has nearly driven the hero of the story mad A. bleak B. haunted C. gaunt D. acumen 2. His body temperature is ______ for three days, the highest point reaching to 40.5 degree centigrade. A. uncommon B. disordered C. abnormal D. extraordinary 3. Texas, the second largest state of America, is _______ in natural resources A. wealthy B. abundant C. scattered D. deposited 4. _____ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of continent are still covered with thick forests A. Orientation B. Access C. Procession D. blight 5. I hope my teacher will take me recent illness into _____ when judging my examination. A. account B. counting C. regard
1、excessive：If you describe the amount or level of something as excessive, you disapprove of it because it is more or higher than is necessary or reasonable. 超过了需要或合理的范围 ...the alleged use of excessive force by police... The government says that local authority spending is excessive. extra： 1extra You use extra to describe an amount, person, or thing that is added to others of the same kind, or that can be added to others of the same kind. 被加于相同事物或者可以被加于相同事物 Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work. Extra staff have been taken on to cover busy periods. There's an extra blanket in the bottom drawer of the cupboard. ADJ: ADJ n = additional 2extra If something is extra, you have to pay more money for it in addition to what you are already paying for something. 加钱 For foreign orders postage is extra. The price of your meal is extra. additional： Additional things are extra things apart from the ones already present. 现在已有事物的添加物 The US is sending additional troops to the region. The insurer will also have to pay the additional costs of the trial. added： You use added to say that something has more of a particular thing or quality. 某件事物有特殊的东西或质量 For added protection choose moisturising lipsticks with a sun screen. 2、private： 1private Private industries and services are owned or controlled by an individual person or a commercial company, rather than by the state or an official organization. 私人或私企的而不是政府或官方的 ...a joint venture with private industry... Bupa runs private hospitals in Britain. Brazil says its constitution forbids the private ownership of energy assets. 2private
中考阅读及完型高频词汇总结 act v.行动，表演 achieve vt. 完成；达到vi. 达到目的accept vt./ vt. 接受；承认；容纳同意；admire vi./vt. 钦佩；赞美 affect vt.影响,感动 afford vt. 给予，提供；买得起agreement n.协定,协议,同意 aim n.目标，目的 allow vt.允许,准许 amazing a.令人吃惊的 ambulance n.救护车,野战医院 amount n.总数,数量,总和 appear vi. 出现；似乎；显得；appearance n. 外貌，外观；出现，露面application n.请求,申请,施用 against prep. 反对，违反；靠；倚；防备 adj. 对立的；不利的 article n.文章,条款,物品 ashamed adj. 羞愧的 at least 至少，最低限度 athletic a.运动的；竞技的 average n.平均数a.平均的 avoid vt. 避免；避开，躲避；消除 battle n.战役,斗争vi.作战 backward(s) adj. 向后的；反向的； adv. 相反地；向后地forward(s) ? basic adj. 基本的；基础的n. 基础；要素beat vt. 打；打败vi. 打；打败；拍打benefit n. 利益，好处 vt. 有益于，对…有益vi. 受益blame vt.责备,把…归咎于 blind a.瞎的,盲目的 bomb v.轰炸n. 炸弹 bother v.打扰 breathe v.呼吸 bully n. / v.欺负 cage n.笼,鸟笼,囚笼 cancel v.取消 cancer n.癌,癌症 cause n.原因,理由 casual(ly) adj. 偶然的；随便的；非正式的 celebration n.庆祝，祝贺 certain adj. 确信的；有把握的pron. 某些； 某几个 chain n.链,链条,项圈 challenge n.挑战 cheer v.欢呼 close adj.亲密的 comfortable a.舒适的,安慰的 command vt.命令,指挥,控制 common a.普通的,共同的 community n.社区 communicate vi. /vt. 通讯，传达；交流communication ? compare vt.比较,对照 complain v.抱怨，投诉 complaint n.抱怨,控告 complete v. 完成adj.完整的 confuse vt. 使混乱；使困惑 confused ? confident adj. 自信的；确信的 unconfident ? confidence? connect vt.连接,联系 contain vt. / vi.包含；容纳；控制; 含有 contact n.v. 接触，联系 continue vt.继续 control vt.控制,克制n.控制 consider vt. 认为；考虑；细想；把…当作 concentrate vi./ vt. 集中；浓缩；全神贯注 n. 浓缩液；浓缩，精选 countless a.无数的 courage n.勇气,胆量
动词词义辨析50题时间: 25 MIN 1.It’s a pleasure for me to ____ you for the rest of the days. a. accompany b. conduct c. attend d. escort 2. Nowadays most of people buy a house on hire purchase and paid monthly _____. a. supplements b. installments c. arrangements d. tournaments 3. Thousands of _____ at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding performance. a. audience b. spectators c. participants d. observers 4. When a person has an infectious disease, he is usually ____ from other people. a. divided b. segregated c. isolated d. insulated 5. When you vacate the room, you should ____ the door key to me. a. hand in b. hand out c. hand down d. hand over 6. A nurse has to take care not to ____ air into the bloodstream of he patients.
2020年考研英语完型词汇辨析(十七) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出guo 为你精心准备了“2020年考研英语：完型词汇辨析(十七)”，持续关注将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! parallel，counterpart，analogues 相似的，相当的 parallel 指“(在不同地点或时间中)极其相似的人、情况或事件等” an achievement without parallel 无可比拟的成就 counterpart 指“(在不同的地方、领域或情况中)职位或作用相当的人、相对应的事物” The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.外交部长与中国外交部长举行了会谈。 analogue “相似物，类似的事情”，为正式用语或术语 to pare features of extinct animals with living analogues 把已灭绝动物的特征与现存类似动物的相比较 extensively，abundantly，considerably 大量地;广泛地 considerably “非常，很”，表示程度深 The need for sleep varies ~ from person to person.不同人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。
abundantly “大量地，充裕地”，表示数量多 Calcium is found ~ in milk 奶含钙丰富 extensively “广阔地，广泛地”，表示涉及的范围广 travel ~游历甚广 aidentally, incidentally, oasionally 偶然;偶尔 aidentally “偶然地”，强调不是故意地 As I turned around, I ~ hit him in the face.我转身时不经意撞了他的脸。 incidentally ○1“偶然地”，强调不是预料中地 The information was only discovered ~.这个信息只是偶然得到的 ○2“顺便提一句“，用来引出新话题、附加信息或临时想到的问题 ~, have you heard the news about him?顺便问一句，你听说过他的事了吗? oasionally “偶尔;有时候”，表示不经常发生 We ~meet for a drink after work.我们下班后偶尔相聚小酌。 presently，shortly，directly，soon 即将，很快 presently
1．当你拿起单词书，觉得有种恶心的感觉油然而生的时候，请默念咒语：“喜欢的事情不重要，重要的事情不喜欢。”并请告诉自己：我正在做一件改变我命运的重要事情。也许，你就会很坦然和明朗，并且喜欢上背单词。 2．一个心理研究曾经表明，人在持续做一件事到7天的时候，会产生依赖感；21天，会形成习惯；90天，这件事会成为你生命中无法分割的一部分。一切都是如此。任何人任何事在“习惯”下，都会最后缴械投降，顺从就范。明白了这个简单却深刻的道理以后，我们都应该坦然：我们不喜欢一件事儿，但是它重要，我们就得逼自己做，逼着逼着，也就习惯了。而那些要逼着自己做的事儿，都是无比重要的东西。优秀上进是种习惯，懒惰堕落也是种习惯。可是习惯不是固守，而是可以转化的。 3．背单词最好的时机当然是“干扰”最少的时候。首先是早晨。虽然我们没有全然清醒，但是我们看着单词，脑子里只处理这一种类信息，所以效率反而很高。早上记忆力好是因为没有“事前干扰”。然后就是晚上了。因为晚上的活动没有“事后干扰”。我们看完单词，看完书，处理完文件，就准备休息了。4．你晚上背单词就想睡觉？其实你是吃晚饭就想睡觉罢了。吃晚饭想睡觉怎么办？撑着！坚持！这是很多人给我的崇高答案。吃完饭我的经验就是趴半个小时。注意！第一是趴，不是躺，躺就不是半个小时，会一觉到天亮的。第二，地点应该是教室、自习室。寝室或家里那样安逸的环境让人很容易放松。5．背单词的另一个大敌就是手机。很多人背着背着就开始抓起手机，美其名曰看时间，其实内心在盼着某人call你。女生喜欢边背单词边吃东西，这不仅仅是浪费时间容易走神的问题，这种习惯容易形成一个不好的条件反射，那就是一思考的时候总是在不断分泌唾液。男生更可怕，喜欢边背单词变左顾右盼，背着背着便开始恼怒：我多好一小伙怎么憋屈在这儿背单词啊！看到女生对自己笑就开始在心里勾勒美好的未来。这多荒谬哟！别人对你笑根本不能说明任何问题，可能是因为你长得好笑而已。 所以，放开手机，清空杂念。先背完一个单元，再去拥抱花花世界。 6．减肥需要30分钟的基础去预热，记忆细胞当然也有自己的预热期。而这个预热期，能够激发记忆细胞的活性和提高效率的时间是，两小时。所以很多人背单词背不进去，其实并非你不爱或者不行，而是两个小时之内记忆细胞还是不活泼的。如果分成很多小块儿时间来背，每一段时间你快激活记忆细胞的时候，你就放弃了，加起来当然是费时低效的。我推荐的连续记忆时间是，3个小时。别惊诧，别张嘴，也别觉得这个时间很长。其实想想：如果上午没课，起床后8点背到11点就有3个小时，一天也才刚刚开始；下午下课后从6点半背到9点半，还有一刻的春宵可以继续享受。 7．学会苦中作乐，是放松自己、炒热气氛、利人利己的本事。背单词亦是如此。我背单词能坚持的另外一个原因，就是喜欢自己找快乐，这些源于单词本身的快乐。一词多义一定是很多人头疼的问题。那些意思不管隔多远，既然是同一个词的意思，彼此一定是有关联性的。背单词的快乐之一就是，找到这些关联并飞快地记住它们。而背单词的时候由于很爱观察每个单词最明显的特征，久而久之会对身边的事情产生一种异于常人的敏感度和洞察力。 8．看到一本单词书上的词，如果第一眼就会，就马上看第二个吧。背单词时如果你从来不做区分标记，当你再一次看时，面对一堆一样重要、字体相似的东西，当然会不知所措、然后迷惑放弃。而倘若你在某一个词义下面画个圈，重看的时候一定就会立刻关注它，这样就能更好地巩固，而且一本书就这样被你越读越薄了。像amalgamate这种一看就非常陌生的词，不要急着背它。先在前面画一个巨大的钩，告诉自己：此乃神词，要多膜拜！这样，在重复拿起单词书的时候，直接看每个钩后面的词就可以了。 9．人活一世，干扰太多。千万不要说自己记性太差，我们只是忘性太好。我们遗忘最快的是头半个到一个小时，在这个时机里面不好好重复，后面管它过几天再重复效果都是一样的—惨啊！根据艾宾浩斯记忆曲线理论，半个小时重复看一次就是最佳的状态了。一个单词本身是不用背太久的，多重复才是王道。 10. 背单词时，写的效率是大于读的。一个单词观察好，就开始奋笔疾书，写个七八遍，第一遍的记忆就 完成了，而这花不到一分钟。再稍微看看搭配、例句，反复寻思一下，就奔向下个词吧。所以，请不要在一个词上停留超过两分钟。这样，一个小时记忆30个50个词是个普遍应该做到的事情。高中的词汇比较少，所以过了这一课就立刻重复刚才背的就好。如果是四六级、托福、雅思、考研，就背了两个半页，在翻页之前把这页的词立刻重新温习一遍，因为背两个半页对于这个阶段的同学几乎就是
1.She _____at the mention of her lover’s name. A.blushed B.flushed C.blushed her face D.flushed with 2.Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a _____to the Shanghai_Nanjing Express way. A.sign B.mark C.signal D.board 3.He spent his weekend in the _____of his family. A.blossom B.belly C.blond D.bosom 4.The river is the _____between the two countries. A.border B.boundary C.limit D.frontier 5.If the body is robbed this way for too long, vital organs_____. A.break down B.break out C.break through D.break up 6.A faint _____stirred tiny ripples on the surface of the water. A.breeze B.gust C.gale D.typhoon 7.The diamond sparkles with _____light. A.glorious B.magnificent C.grand D.brilliant 8.The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to _____government spending. A.fiance B.expand C.enlarge D.buget 9.In the dim light he couldn’t see clearly and _____a tree. A.bump into https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,e across C.crash against D.stumble over 10.We _____everythin into the drawers. A.buried B.burdened C.hustled D.bundled 11.The light bulb in the bathroom_____and Father put in a new one. A.burnt down B.burnt off C.burnt out D.burnt away 12.This automobile plant has a monthly_____of 500 cars. A.proficiency B.strength C.capability D.capacity 13.With her soft curls and her sweet, innocent smile, she had _____film-goers heats by 1914. A.capture B.seized C.gripped D.grasped 14.The talented artist_____an interesting decoration from this piece of tree root. A.cut B.carved C.trimmed D.chopped 15.His very presence_____a shadow on the meeting. A.threw B.cast C.tossed D.caste 16.There were different _____of books in a library. A.kinds B.sorts C.varieties D.categories 17.Many people nowadays save money to _____ for their old age. A.cater B.supply C.provide D.equip 18.The Prime Minster is the _____figure in the government. A.central B.century C.certificate D.centenary 19.I had the _____that he was at home. A.confirmation B.affirmation C.appraisal D.certainty 20.These boundary disputes can be solved through diplomatic_____. A.ways B.methods C.means D.channels 21.What are the _____that distinguish the Chinese from the Japanese. A.features B.traits C.characteristics D.character 22._____your bicyle brakes before you ride. A.Examine B.Inspect C.Investigate D.check 23.The whole class replied in _____to the teacher’s questions. A.together B.line C.chorus D.queue 24.The audience _____Billy Graham’s speech enthusiastically. A.attacked B.beat C.hit D.clapped 25.His manual of botany has become a _____among scientists. A.classic B.masterpiece C.legend D.work 26.He _____his pencil in his teeth while he wiped his glasses. A.grasped B.clinched C.clenched D.seized 27.Many college students in China today still _____to their parents for support. A.keep B.hold C.cling D.stick 28.Does the witness’s story _____with that of the defendant? A.coincide B.coincidental C.coherent D.collapse 29.In those days, many Frenchmen looked fown upon those who were in _____with the Nazis. A.cooperation B.corporation C.coincidence D.collaboration 30.The Great Depression taking place in the United States in 1929 caused many business _____all over the world. A.falling B.collapses C.endings D.collaboration 31.The government _____with Parliament over its industrial plans. A.crashed B.smashed C.collided D.colluded 32.The Brazilian football players showed good _____in the matches of the World Cup. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,bination https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,batant C.union D.together 33.One atom of carbon_____with two atoms of oxygen to form a molecule of carbon dioxide. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,bines B.joins C.unites D.connects\ 34.Napoleon took _____of numerous battles in his life time. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,mand B.order C.rule D.leading 35.After the election the new government _____developing the roads. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,menced B.started C.began D.embarked 36.He wanted to make a living in the arts rather than in the _____world. A.partial B.beneficial https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,mercial D.advantageous 37.Without a proper education in their childhood, young people could _____all kinds of crimes. A.conduct B.perform C.do https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,mit 38.They used carrier pigeons to _____with the headquarters. A.associate https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,municate C.assist https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,pact 39.Racial and religious similarities _____ the tribes into a nation. A.strengthened https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,pacted C.reinforced D.powered 40.What he said was too _____for me to understand. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,plex https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,plicated https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,prehensive https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,pletive 41.The United Kingdom _____England, Wales, Scotland and North Ireland. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,prises B.includes C.contains https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,prehends 42.You must go; it’s _____and you’ll be fined if you don’t. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,plusive https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,pulsory C.demanded D.claimed 43.The heat in summer is no less _____here in this mountain region. A.concentrated B.extensive C.intense D.intensive 44.Through literary woeks he comes to understand that blood, sewat, and tears is a _____description of war. A.concise https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,pact C.terse D.brief 45.The bar associtaion_____the lawyer’s action but did not dis bar him. A.denounced B.condemned C.charged D.accused 46.We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and _____. A.conducive B.wholesome C.helpful D.appreciative 47.Her heart was breaking, and she had no one to _____in. A.entrust B.consign C.confide https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f18670433.html,mit 48.Our knowedge about agriculture has so far been exclusively _____to books. A.restricted B.controlled C.confined D.restrained 49.We _____two apartments buildings for 80 households. A.established B.erected C.constructed D.consulted 50.Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _____against the local authorities’ decision to build a highway across the field. A.contradict B.reform C.counter D.protest
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2020年考研英语：完型词汇辨析(十七) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020年考研英语：完型词汇辨析(十七)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2020年考研英语：完型词汇辨析(十七) parallel，counterpart，analogues 相似的，相当的 parallel 指“(在不同地点或时间中)极其相似的人、情况或事件等” an achievement without parallel 无可比拟的成就 counterpart 指“(在不同的地方、领域或情况中)职位或作用相当的人、相对应的事物” The Foreign Minister held talks with his Chinese counterpart.外交部长与中国外交部长举行了会谈。 analogue “相似物，类似的事情”，为正式用语或术语 to compare features of extinct animals with living analogues 把已灭绝动物的特征与现存类似动物的相比较extensively，abundantly，considerably 大量地;广泛地 considerably “非常，很”，表示程度深 The need for sleep varies ~ from person to person.不
同人对睡眠的需要差异相当大。 abundantly “大量地，充裕地”，表示数量多 Calcium is found ~ in milk 奶含钙丰富 extensively “广阔地，广泛地”，表示涉及的范围广 travel ~游历甚广2020年考研英语：完型词汇辨析(十八) accidentally, incidentally, occasionally 偶然;偶尔 accidentally “偶然地”，强调不是故意地 As I turned around, I ~ hit him in the face.我转身时不经意撞了他的脸。 incidentally ○1“偶然地”，强调不是预料中地 The information was only discovered ~.这个信息只是偶然得到的 ○2“顺便提一句“，用来引出新话题、附加信息或临时想到的问题 ~, have you heard the news about him?顺便问一句，你听说过他的事了吗? occasionally “偶尔;有时候”，表示不经常发生 We ~meet for a drink after work.我们下班后偶尔相聚小酌。 presently，shortly，directly，soon 即将，很快