课后答案：
Unit One/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron
2. input; output
3. VLSI
4. workstations; mainframes
5. vacuum; transistors
6. instructions; software
7. digit; eight; byte
8. microminiaturization; chip
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. artificial intelligence 人工智能
2. paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器
3. optical computer 光计算机
4. neural network 神经网络
5. instruction set 指令集
6. parallel processing 并行处理
7. difference engine 差分机
8. versatile logical element 通用逻辑元件
9. silicon substrate 硅衬底
10. vacuum tube 真空管
11. 数据的存储与处理the storage and handling of data
12. 超大规模集成电路very large-scale integrated circuit
13. 中央处理器central processing unit
14. 个人计算机personal computer
15. 模拟计算机analogue computer
16. 数字计算机digital computer
17. 通用计算机general-purpose computer
18. 处理器芯片processor chip
19. 操作指令operating instructions
20. 输入设备input device
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and
produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital.
They can also be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers.
All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some
indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation
computers of historic significance, such as UNIV AC (通用自动计算机), introduced in the
early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the
early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation
computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation
computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip. Fifth-generation
computers are expected to combine very-large-scale integration with sophisticated approaches
to computing, including artificial intelligence and true distributed processing.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
计算机将变得更加先进，也将变得更加容易使用。语音识别的改进将使计算机的操作更加容易。虚拟现实，即使用所有人类官能与计算机进行交互的技术，也将有助于创
建更好的人机接口。人们正在开发其他的奇异计算模型，包括使用生物机体的生物计算、
使用具有特定属性的分子的分子计算，以及使用遗传基本单位DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）存
储数据和执行操作的计算。这些都是可能的未来计算平台的例子，而它们迄今还能力有
限或完全属于理论范畴。科学家们研究它们，是因为嵌入硅中的电路的微小型化受到物
理限制。还有一些限制与甚至最微小的晶体管也会产生的热量有关。
Unit Two: Computer Architecture
Unit Two/Section A
I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. input; output; storage
2. Basic Input/Output System
3. flatbed scanners; hand-held scanners
4. LCD-based
5. dot-matrix printers; inkjet printers
6. disk drives; memory
7. volatile
8. serial; parallel
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. function key 功能键，操作键
2. voice recognition module 语音识别模块
3. touch-sensitive region 触敏区
4. address bus 地址总线
5. flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪
6. dot-matrix printer 点阵打印机（针式打印机）
7. parallel connection 并行连接
8. cathode ray tube 阴极射线管
9. video game 电子游戏
10. audio signal 音频信号
11. 操作系统operating system
12. 液晶显示（器）LCD (liquid crystal display)
13. 喷墨打印机inkjet printer
14. 数据总线data bus
15. 串行连接serial connection
16. 易失性存储器volatile memory
17. 激光打印机laser printer
18. 磁盘驱动器disk drive
19. 基本输入/输出系统BIOS (Basic Input/Output System)
20. 视频显示器video display
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:CD-ROM stands for compact disc read-only memory. Unlike floppy and hard disks,which use magnetic charges to represent 1s and 0s, optical discs use reflected light. On aCD-ROM disc, 1s and 0s are represented by flat areas and bumpy (高低不平的) areas (called
“pits”) on its bottom surface. The CD-ROM disc is read by a laser that projects a tiny beam of
light on these areas. The amount of reflected light determines whether the area represents a 1
or a 0.
Like a commercial CD found in music stores, a CD-ROM is a “read-only” disc.
Read-only means it cannot be written on or erased by the user. Thus, you as a user have
access only to the data imprinted (压印) by the publisher.
A single CD-ROM disc can store 650 megabytes (兆字节) of data. That is equivalent to
451 floppy disks. With that much information on a single disc, the time to retrieve or access
the information is very important. An important characteristic of CD-ROM drives is their
access rate.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
调制解调器是在模拟和数字信号之间进行转换的设备。计算机使用的是数字信号，这种信号由离散单元组成，通常用一系列1和0表示。模拟信号是连续变化的；声波就是模拟信号的一个例子。调制解调器经常用于实现计算机之间通过电话线的互相通信。调制解调器将发送端计算机的数字信号转换成可通过电话线传输的模拟信号。信号到达目的地后，另外一个调制解调器重构原来的数字信号，供接收端计算机处理。如果两个调制解调器可同时互相发送数据，那么它们采用的就是全双工工作方式；如果一次只有一个调制解调器可以发送数据，那么它们采用的则是半双工工作方式。
Unit Three: Computer Language and Programming
Unit Three/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. artificial; instructions
2. low-level; high-level
3. machine
4. machine
5. functional; logic
6. statement
7. module
8. digital
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. storage register 存储寄存器
2. function statement 函数语句
3. program statement 程序语句
4. object-oriented language 面向对象语言
5. assembly language 汇编语言
6. intermediate language 中间语言，中级语言
7. relational language 关系（型）语言
8. artificial language 人工语言
9. data declaration 数据声明
10. SQL 结构化查询语言
11. 可执行程序executable program
12. 程序模块program module
13. 条件语句conditional statement
14. 赋值语句assignment statement
15. 逻辑语言logic language
16. 机器语言machine language
17. 函数式语言functional language
18. 程序设计语言programming language
19. 运行计算机程序run a computer program
20. 计算机程序员computer programmer
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
A programming language is a language used to write instructions for the computer. It lets
the programmer express data processing in a symbolic manner without regard to machine-specific details.
The difficulty of writing programs in the machine language of 0s and 1s led first to the
development of assembly language, which allows programmers to use mnemonics (助
for instructions and symbols for variables. Such programs are then translated by a program
known as an assembler into the binary encoding used by the computer. Other pieces of system
software known as linking loaders (连接装入程序) combine pieces of assembled code and
load them into the machine’s main memory unit, where they are then ready for execution. The
concept of linking separate pieces of code was important, since it allowed “libraries” of
programs to be built up to carry out common tasks—a first step toward the increasingly
emphasized notion of software reuse. Assembly language was found to be sufficiently inconvenient that higher-level languages (closer to natural languages) were invented in the
1950s for easier, faster programming; along with them came the need for compilers, programs
that translate high-level language programs into machine code. As programming languages
became more powerful and abstract, building efficient compilers that create high-quality code
in terms of execution speed and storage consumption became an interesting computer science
problem in itself.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
面向对象程序设计语言，如C++和Java，基于传统的高级语言，但它们使程序设计
员能够从合作对象集而非命令列表的角度进行思考。诸如圆之类的对象具有像圆
一类的属性，以及在计算机屏幕上绘制该对象的命令。一个对象类可以从其他的对象类
继承特征。例如，定义正方形的类可以从定义长方形的类那里继承直角等特征。这一套
程序设计类简化了程序设计员的工作，带来了更多“可复用的”计算机代码。可复用代
码使程序设计员可以使用已经设计、编写和测试的代码。这使得程序设计员的工作变得
比较容易，并带来更加可靠和高效的程序。
Unit Four: Software Development
Unit Four/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. application; operating
2. assemblers
3. compiler
4. interpreter
5. debugger
6. loop
7. device driver
8. John von Neumann
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. inference engine 推理机
2. system call 系统调用
3. compiled language 编译执行的语言
4. parallel computing 并行计算
5. pattern matching 模式匹配
6. memory location 存储单元
7. interpreter program 解释程序
8. library routine 库程序，程序库例行程序
9. intermediate program 中间程序，过渡程序
10. source file 源文件
11. 解释执行的语言interpreted language
12. 设备驱动程序device driver
13. 源程序source program
14. 调试程序debugging program
15. 目标代码object code
16. 应用程序application program
17. 实用程序utility program
18. 逻辑程序logic program
19. 墨盒ink cartridge
20. 程序的存储与执行program storage and execution
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
A compiler, in computer science, is a computer program that translates source code into
object code. Software engineers write source code using high-level programming languages
that people can understand. Computers cannot directly execute source code, but need a
compiler to translate these instructions into a low-level language called machine code. Compilers collect and reorganize (compile) all the instructions in a given set of source code to produce object code. Object code is often the same as or similar to a computer’s
machine code. If the object code is the same as the machine language, the computer can run
the program immediately after the compiler produces its translation. If the object code is not
in machine language, other programs—such as assemblers, binders (联编程序), linkers, and
loaders (加载程序)—finish the translation.
Most computer languages use different versions of compilers for different types of computers or operating systems, so one language may have different compilers for personal
computers (PC) and Apple Macintosh computers. Many different manufacturers often produce
versions of the same programming language, so compilers for a language may vary between
manufacturers.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在软件中，错误是指导致程序发生故障或产生不正确结果的编码或逻辑错误。较轻
微的错误，如光标表现异常，会造成不便或带来挫折，但不会对信息产生破坏性影响。
较严重的错误会导致程序“中止”（对命令停止反应），可能使用户别无选择，只能重新
启动程序，结果致使任何前面已经做好但尚未保存的工作丢失。两种情况无论是哪一种，
程序员都必须凭借称为调试的过程，发现并改正错误。由于错误对重要数据的潜在危险，
商用应用程序在发行前要经过尽可能全面的测试与调试。程序发行后发现的较轻微错误
在下一次更新时改正；较严重的错误有时可用称为补丁的特殊软件加以修补，以规避问
题或减轻其影响。
Unit Five: Software Process
Unit Five/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. off-the-shelf
2. exclusive
3. cascade
4. requirements; integration
5. throwaway
6. immediate; stable
7. reuse-oriented; framework
8. software; compromises
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. system specification 系统规格说明
2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试
3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期）
4. system validation testing 系统验证测试
5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程
6. simple linear model 简单线性模型
7. program unit 程序单元
8. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型
9. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化
10. system evolution 系统演变
11. 系统设计范例system design paradigm
12. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition
13. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach
14. 系统文件编制system documentation
15. 瀑布模型waterfall model
16. 系统集成system integration
17. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf (或COTS) software
18. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE)
19. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool
20. 软件复用software reuse
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making
changes if necessary:
There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to
repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are
more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements
errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be
necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating
environment. This type of maintenance is required when some aspect of the system’s environment such as the hardware, the platform operating system or other support software
changes. The application system must be modified to adapt it to cope with these environmental
changes. And thirdly, there is maintenance to add to or modify the system’s functionality.
This type of maintenance is necessary when the system requirements change in response to
organizational or business change. The scale of the changes required to the software is often
much greater than for the other types of maintenance. In practice, there isn’t a clear-cut
distinction between these types of maintenance. When you adapt the system to a new environment, you may add functionality to take advantage of new environmental features.
Software faults are often exposed because users use the system in unanticipated ways. Changing the system to accommodate their way of working is the best way to fix these faults.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
软件过程比较复杂，而且像所有其他的智能和创造性过程一样，依靠人们作出决定
和判断。由于需要判断和创造性，使软件过程自动化的尝试只取得了有限的成功。计算
机辅助软件工程工具可支持软件过程的某些活动。然而，至少是在未来几年内，不可能
实现更广泛的软件过程自动化，使软件能够接替参与软件过程的工程师来从事创造性设
计。
计算机辅助软件工程工具的有效性有限，原因之一是软件过程多种多样。不存在理
想的过程，而且许多组织机构发展了自己的软件开发方法。这些软件过程不断演变，以
利用组织机构中的人员的能力和开发中的系统的具体特点。对于一些系统来说，需要的
是一个高度结构化的开发过程，而对于另外一些系统来说，一个灵活敏捷的过程很可能
更为有效。
Unit Six: Database
Unit Six/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. flat
2. data
3. application; administrators
4. conceptual
5. tables
6. fragmented; replicated
7. structured
8. entity-relationship; attributes
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. end user 最终用户，终端用户
2. atomic operation 原子操作
3. database administrator 数据库管理员
4. relational database model 关系数据库模型
5. local data 本地数据
6. object-oriented database 面向对象数据库
7. database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统
8. entity-relationship model (ERM) 实体关系模型
9. distributed database 分布式数据库
10. flat file 平面文件
11. 二维表two-dimensional table
12. 数据属性data attribute
13. 数据库对象database object
14. 存储设备storage device
15. 数据类型data type
16. 数据插入与删除data insertion and deletion
17. 层次数据库模型hierarchical database model
18. 数据库体系结构database architecture
19. 关系数据库管理系统relational database management system (RDBMS)
20. 全局控制总线global control bus
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
A database is any collection of data organized for storage in a computer memory and designed for easy access by authorized users. The data may be in the form of text, numbers, or
encoded graphics. Small databases were first developed or funded by the U.S. government for
agency or professional use. In the 1960s, some databases became commercially available, but
their use was funnelled (传送) through a few so-called research centers that collected information inquiries and handled them in batches. Online databases—that is, databases
available to anyone who could link up to them by computer—first appeared in the 1970s.
Since their first, experimental appearance in the 1950s, databases have become so important
that they can be found in almost every field of information. Government, military, and industrial databases are often highly restricted, and professional databases are usually of
limited interest. A wide range of commercial, governmental, and nonprofit databases are
available to the general public, however, and may be used by anyone who owns or has access
to the equipment that they require.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在关系数据库中，表的行表示记录（关于不同项的信息集），列表示字段（一个记
录的特定属性）。在进行搜索时，关系数据库将一个表中的一个字段的信息与另一个表
中的一个相应字段的信息进行匹配，以生成将来自这两个表的所要求数据结合起来的另
一个表。例如，如果一个表包含EMPLOYEE-ID 、LAST-NAME、FIRST-NAME 和
HIRE-DATE字段，另一个表包含DEPT、EMPLOYEE-ID和SALARY字段，关系数据库
可匹配这两个表中的EMPLOYEE-ID字段，以找到特定的信息，如所有挣到一定薪水的
雇员的姓名或所有在某个日期之后受雇的雇员所属的部门。换言之，关系数据
库使用两
个表中的匹配值，将一个表中的信息与另一个表中的信息联系起来。微型计算机数据库
产品一般是关系数据库。
Unit Seven: Computer Communications
Unit Seven/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. telegraph
2. dots; dashes
3. media
4. point-to-point
5. analog
6. digital
7. text-based
8. modem
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. microwave radio 微波无线电
2. digital television 数字电视
3. DSL 数字用户线路
4. analog transmission 模拟传输
5. on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针
6. computer terminal 计算机终端
7. radio telephone 无线电话
8. cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机
9. decentralized network 分散型网络
10. wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网
11. 光缆fiber-optic cable
12. 传真机fax machine
13. 无线通信wireless communications
14. 点对点通信point-to-point communications
15. 调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse
16. 通信卫星communication(s) satellite
17. 电报电键telegraph key
18. 传输媒体transmission medium (或media)
19. 无绳电话cordless telephone
20. 金属导体metal conductor
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Data communications is the process of transmitting and receiving data in an orderly way
so the data that arrives at its destination is an accurate duplication (复制) of the data that was
sent. When data travels a short distance, such as when you send data from your computer to
your printer, it is referred to as local communications. When data travels a long distance, the
communication is referred to as telecommunications; the prefix (前缀) “tele” is derived from a
Greek word that means “far” or “far off.”
The difference between a short distance and a long distance is somewhat arbitrary (武断
的). For example, if your computer sends data to a printer in the next room, it is regarded as
local communications; if you phone the person in the next room, you are transmitting data
over a telecommunications device. However, the same basic communications concepts apply
to both local communications and telecommunications.
Basic data communications concepts are the building blocks for understanding how
data
travels on a communications system. These concepts come in handy (派得上用处) when you
install, configure, or upgrade a local area network. In addition, these concepts help you set up
modems, fax machines, and cellular data transfers.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
个人计算机使用电信来提供传输链路，用于传送音频、视频、文本、软件和多媒体
服务。许多专家认为，这些服务的结合将带来用户对新一代高速、宽带网络的需求。当
前，这些音频、视频和文本服务大多通过现有的电话连接使用因特网传送。有些计算机
使用综合业务数字网或数字用户线路直接连接到电话网的数字部分，但这要求在用户处
有专门的设备。此外，电话及有线电视公司还必须对其线路进行升级，以使其能够进行
高速数据传输。在许多地点，有高速数据传输需求的公司和个人现在可选择从电话公司
得到数字用户线路服务，从有线电视公司得到光缆调制解调器服务。
Unit Eight/Section A
I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:
1. MAN
2. open; closed
3. bus
4. token
5. Ethernet
6. client/server
7. equals; temporary
8. network
II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:
1. file server 文件服务器
2. carrier sense 载波检测，载波监听
3. protocol suite 协议组，协议集
4. peer-to-peer model 对等模型
5. bus topology network 总线拓扑网络
6. inter-machine cooperation 机器间合作，计算机间合作
7. Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协议集
8. proprietary network 专有网络
9. utility package 实用软件包，公用程序包
10. star network 星形网络
11. 局域网local area network (LAN)
12. 令牌环token ring
13. 无线网络wireless network
14. 封闭式网络closed network
15. 环形拓扑结构ring topology
16. 客户机/服务器模型client/server model
17. 网络应用程序network application
18. 进程间通信interprocess communication
19. 打印服务器print server
20. 广域网wide area network (WAN)
III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:
Computers can communicate with other computers through a series of connections and
associated hardware called a network. The advantage of a network is that data can be exchanged rapidly, and software and hardware resources, such as hard-disk space or printers,
can be shared. Networks also allow remote use of a computer by a user who cannot physically
access the computer.
One type of network, a local area network (LAN), consists of several PCs or workstations
connected to a special computer called a server, often within the same building or office
complex. The server stores and manages programs and data. A server often contains all of a
networked group’s data and enables LAN workstations or PCs to be set up without large
storage capabilities. In this scenario (方案), each PC may have “local” memory (for example,
a hard drive) specific to itself, but the bulk of storage resides on the server. This reduces the
cost of the workstation or PC because less expensive computers can be purchased, and it
simplifies the maintenance of software because the software resides only on the server rather
than on each individual workstation or PC.
IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese:
在计算机科学中，网络是指由通信设备连接在一起的一组计算机及其相关设备。网
络可采用电缆等永久性连接，或者采用通过电话或其他通信链路而实现的临时性连接。
网络可以小到由少数计算机、打印机以及其他设备构成的局域网，也可以由分布在广大
地理区域的许多小型与大型计算机组成。计算机网络无论大小，其存在的目的均在于为
计算机用户提供以电子方式进行信息通信与传送的方法。有些类型的通信是简单的用户
第一单元：计算机与计算机科学 课文A：计算机概览 一、引言 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算 或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。 要不是由于计算机的发展，现代的高科技世界是不可能产生的。不同类型和大小的计算 机在整个社会被用于存储和处理各种数据，从保密政府文件、银行交易到私人家庭账目。计 算机通过自动化技术开辟了制造业的新纪元，而且它们也增强了现代通信系统的性能。在几 乎每一个研究和应用技术领域，从构建宇宙模型到产生明天的气象报告，计算机都是必要的 工具，并且它们的应用本身就开辟了人们推测的新领域。数据库服务和计算机网络使各种各 样的信息源可供使用。同样的先进技术也使侵犯个人隐私和商业秘密成为可能。计算机犯罪 已经成为作为现代技术代价组成部分的许多风险之一。 二、历史 第一台加法机是法国科学家、数学家和哲学家布莱斯.帕斯卡于1642年设计的，它是数 字计算机的先驱。这个装置使用了一系列带有10个齿的轮子，每个齿代表从0到9的一个数字。轮子互相连接，从而通过按照正确的齿数向前转动轮子，就可以将数字彼此相加。17世纪70 年代，德国哲学家和数学家戈特弗里德.威廉.莱布尼兹对这台机器进行了改良，设计了一台 也能做乘法的机器。 法国发明家约瑟夫―玛丽.雅卡尔，在设计自动织机时，使用了穿孔的薄木板来控制复 杂图案的编织。在19世纪80年代期间，美国统计学家赫尔曼.何勒里斯，想出了使用类似雅 卡尔的木板那样的穿孔卡片来处理数据的主意。通过使用一种将穿孔卡片从电触点上移过的 系统，他得以为1890年的美国人口普查汇编统计信息。 1、分析机 也是在19世纪，英国数学家和发明家查尔斯.巴比奇，提出了现代数字计算机的原理。 他构想出旨在处理复杂数学题的若干机器，如差分机。许多历史学家认为，巴比奇及其合伙 人，数学家奥古斯塔.埃达.拜伦，是现代数字计算机的真正先驱。巴比奇的设计之一，分析 机，具有现代计算机的许多特征。它有一个以一叠穿孔卡片的形式存在的输入流、一个保存 数据的“仓库”、一个进行算术运算的“工厂”和一个产生永久性纪录的打印机。巴比奇未 能将这个想法付诸实践，尽管在那个时代它在技术上很可能是可行的。 2、早期的计算机 模拟计算机是19世纪末开始制造的。早期型号是靠转动的轴和齿轮来进行计算的。用任 何其他方法都难以计算的方程近似数值，可以用这样的机器来求得。开尔文勋爵制造了一台 机械潮汐预报器，这实际上就是一台专用模拟计算机。第一次和第二次世界大战期间，机械 模拟计算系统，以及后来的电动模拟计算系统，在潜艇上被用作鱼雷航线预测器，在飞机上 被用作轰炸瞄准具的控制器。有人还设计了另一个系统，用于预测密西西比河流域春天的洪 水。 3、电子计算机 第二次世界大战期间，以伦敦北面的布莱切利公园为工作地点的一组科学家和数学家， 制造了最早的全电子数字计算机之一：“巨人”。到1943年12月，这个包含了1500个真空管 的“巨人”开始运转了。它被以艾伦.图灵为首的小组用于破译德国用恩尼格码加密的无线 电报，他们的尝试大部分是成功的。 除此而外，在美国，约翰.阿塔纳索夫和克利福德.贝里早在1939年就在艾奥瓦州立学院
计算机专业英语（第四版）课后习题答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. T 9. T 10. F [Ex 2] 1. input, storage, processing, and output 2. power; speed; memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal; primary; memory 5. keyboard; central processing unit; main memory; monitor [Ex 3] A. 1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. E 8. H B. 1. user 2. monitor 3. data 4. keyboard 5. data processing 6. information 7. computer 8. memory [Ex 4] 1. input device 2. screen, screen 3. manipulates 4. instructions 5. retrieve 6. code 7. hard copy 8. Function [Ex. 5] 新处理器开始IT技术的新时代 New Processors Open New Era of IT Technologies Last week, Intel introduced to the public in Russia and other CIS countries a family of processors Intel Xeon E5-2600. They are more powerful and reliable and, importantly, are very economical in terms of energy consumption. Their presence opens a new era in the field of IT technologies and means that the cloud technology is getting closer. These processors are primarily designed for servers, data centers (DPC) and supercomputers. The emergence of this class of devices is not accidental. According to the regional director of Intel in Russia and other CIS states Dmitri Konash who spoke at the event, the market of IT-technology is developing so rapidly that, according to forecasts, by 2015 there will be 15 billion devices connected to the Internet, and over 3 billion of active users. 上周，英特尔公司向俄罗斯和其它独联体国家的公众推出了英特尔Xeon E5-2600系列处理器，它们更加强大可靠，尤其是在能量消耗方面更加经济实惠。它们的问世意味着IT技术领域开始了一个新时代，标志着云技术距离我们越来越近。 这些处理器主要是为服务器、数字处理中心和超级计算机设计的。这种处理器的出现并非偶然。根据英特尔公司俄罗斯和其他独联体地区负责人Dmitri Konash就此事发表的看法，IT技术市场的发展速度极快，根据预测，到2015年与英特网连接的设施将有150亿，用户超过30亿。 [Ex 6] 1. T 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. F 7. T 8. F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities
习题+答案 2.1 Write T or F to each stateme nt T6. An asynchronous device is a clocked device. T7. A latch is an asynchronous device, because it functions at arbitrary times. T8. The repetiti on of clock pulse can vary from very low rate to very high rate. T9. A synchronous device changes its state only on the arrival of a clock pulse. F10. A clock in put may occur at any time. T11. The clock pulses are used to synchronize all operations of the shift register. T13. A uni direct ional shift register is capable of shift ing in one direct ion only. F14. I n a shift-left register the serial in put determ ines what goes into the leftmost position during the shift register. F15. To provide parallel tran sfer capability some additi onal in put and output lines should be provided to the shift register. Choose the best an swer for each of the follow ing 1. How can the output of a logic gate be en ergized? C A By cha nging its in puts. B By rema ining its in puts un cha nged. C By meet ing the specific in put con diti on. D By givi ng a pulse. 3. A NAND gate con sists of D . A an OR gate followed by an in verter B an AND gate followed by an in verter C an AN D gate followed by an OR gate D an in verter followed by an AND gate 4. Un der what con diti on is the output of a two-i nput XOR gate logic-high? B A Its in puts are simulta neously at the same logic level. B Its in puts are simulta neously at opposite logic levels. C Its in puts are logic-low. D its in puts are simulta neously logic-high. 2.2 Write T or F for each stateme nt T 1. The CPU uses the in put and output un its to com muni cate with the outside world. F2. Main memory is sometimes called exter nal memory. F3. After execution the program and the related files of data and files of information will be retained in the main memory for later use. F4. Personal computers have not the features of the larger system.. T5. Large systems offer higher process ing speeds for user and retur n more data tha n PCs.
练习答案 PART ONE Computer Basics Unit 1 My Computer Section A I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1．Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron 2．input; output 3．VLSI 4．workstations; mainframes 5．vacuum; transistors 6．instructions; software 7．digit; eight; byte 8．microminiaturization; chip II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1．artificial intelligence 人工智能 2．paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机 3．optical computer 光学计算机 4．neural network 神经网络 5．instruction set 指令集 6．parallel processing 平行处理 7．difference engine 差分机 8．versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件 9．silicon substrate 硅基 10．vacuum tube 真空管（电子管） 11．t he storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理 12．very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路 13．central processing unit 中央处理器 14．personal computer 个人计算机 15．analogue computer 模拟计算机 16．digital computer 数字计算机 17．general-purpose computer 通用计算机 18．processor chip 处理器芯片 19．operating instructions 操作指令 20．input device 输入设备 III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities.
计算机专业英语模拟2 Ⅰ. Vocabulary（词汇，30分） (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese.（写出下列词组的汉语，共10分，每题1分） 1. central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 1. 2. operating system 操作系统 2. 3. electronic spreadsheet 电子表格 4. management information system 管理信息系统 5. electronic commerce 电子商务 6. database 数据库 7. software engineering 软件工程 8. software crisis 软件危机 9. network security 网络安全 10. computer virus 计算机病毒 (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.（根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写，共10分，每题1分) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．局域网LAN 3．计算机辅助设计CAD 4．数字视频光盘DVD 5．通用串行总线USB 6．面向对象编程OOP 7．集成开发环境IDE 8．结构化查询语言SQL 9．多文档界面MDI 10．企业之间的电子商务交易方式B2B (三)．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配，共10分，每空1分） 1. output b a. 视频 2. high-level language c b. 输出. 3. project window e c. 高级语言 4. black-box testing g d. 应用软件 5. multimedia h e. 工程窗口 6. WWW i f. 系统软件 7.field j g. 黑盒测试 8. application software d h. 多媒体
Project Six Multimedia TEACHING OBJECTIVE 1. Master all the professional terms in this Unit. 2. Develop the students’ reading abilities. 3. P ractice the dialogue to improve he students’ communication ability. 4. .I mprove t he students’ the writing ability TEACHING APPROACH: 1. Method of Lecture 2. TBLT（Task Based Language Teaching ） 3. CLTA (Communicative Language Teaching Approach) IMPORTANT POINTS: 1. Words and terms 2. comprehension ability of professional articles DIFFICULT POINTS: 1 .How to grasp the main idea of the paragraph. 2. How to use specialized English knowledge to finish professional tasks in English environment. 2.TIME ALLOTMENT: 1) Theoretical learning (4课时） 2) Practical learning（2课时） 3 ) Occupation English（2课时） 4) Simulated writing:（2课时） TEACHING PROCEDURE:
计算机专业英语考试试题及答案 一、判断1.(√)The cpu and memory are located on a special circuit beard in the system unit called the montherbocrd2.(√)the main difference between a supercomputer and a mainframe is that supercomputers are designed to execute a few programs as quickly as possible，whereas mainframes are designedto handle many programs running at the same(but at a slower pace)3.(×)Being computer fluent means that you should be able to build a computer yourself.4.(√)Embedded computers are selfcontained computer devices that have therv own programming and do not receive input5.(√)Currently，the performance of tasks by robot is based on preprinted algorithms1.(×)A web browser is a special device that is installed in your computer that allows it to communicate with devices on a network2.(√)data can be a number a word a picture，or a sound3.(√)strictly defined，a computer is a data processing device4.(√)one of the benefits of becoming computer fluent is being a savvy computer user and consumer and knowing how to avoid viruses the programs that pose treats to computer security 。 5(√)trend-spotting programs，developed for business，have been used to predict criminal activity二.写出中文 1.virtual function虚拟函数2.pointer 指针3.cursor 光标4.package 包裹 5. Boot 引导，自举6 TCP/IP 传输攻之协议/互联网协议7 DNS 域名服务8.HTTP 超文本传
计算机专业英语练习参考答案 Unit 1 [Ex 1] 1..F 2.T 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.T 9.T 10.F [Ex 2] 1.input, storage, processing, and output 2. power, speed, memory 3. central processing unit 4. internal, primary, memory 5. keyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitor [Ex 3] A. 1.F 2.D 3.G 4.C 5.B 6.E 7.H 8.A B. https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f3582410.html,er 2.monitor 3.data 4.keyboard 5.data processing 6. information https://www.doczj.com/doc/8f3582410.html,puter 8.memory [Ex 4] 1.input device 2. screen, screen 3.manipulates 4.instructions 5.retrieve
6.code 7.hard copy 8.function/code/instruction [Ex 5] 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.F Unit 2 [Ex 1] 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.T 6.T 7.T 8.F [Ex 2] 1. sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2. supercomputer, mainframe computer, minicomputers, microcomputers 3. mainframe computer 4.microcomputers, storage locations 5. portables, laptop computers/ notebook/palm-sized computer, desktop workstations 6.semiconductor 7. CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8. microprocessor ship [Ex 3] A. 1.C 2.A 3.H 4.I 5.E 6.F 7.G 8.B
Unit Five: Software Process Unit Five/Section A I. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: 1. off-the-shelf 1 2. exclusive 2 3. cascade 3 4. requirements; integration 4 5. throwaway 5 6. immediate; stable 67. reuse-oriented; framework 78. software; compromises II. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: 1 1. system specification 系统规格说明 2 2. unit testing 单位（或单元、部件）测试 3 3. software life cycle 软件生命周期（或生存周期） 4 4. system validation testing 系统验证测试 5 5. evolutionary development process 演化开发过程 6 6. simple linear model 简单线性模型 77. program unit 程序单元 88. throwaway prototype 抛弃式原型 99. text formatting 正文格式编排，文本格式化 1010. system evolution 系统演变 1111. 系统设计范例system design paradigm 1212. 需求分析与定义requirements analysis and definition 1313. 探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach 1414. 系统文件编制system documentation 1515. 瀑布模型waterfall model 1616. 系统集成system integration 1717. 商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf ( 或COTS) software 1818. 基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering (CBSE) 1919. 软件维护工具software maintenance tool 2020. 软件复用software reuse III. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: There are three different types of software maintenance. Firstly, there is maintenance to repair software faults. Coding errors are usually relatively cheap to correct; design errors are more expensive as they may involve rewriting several program components. Requirements errors are the most expensive to repair because of the extensive system redesign that may be necessary. Secondly, there is maintenance to adapt the software to a different operating environment. This type of
计算机专业英语作业答案（供参考） 计算机专业英语作业1 第1－3章作业 一．V ocabulary( 词汇) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语。) 1．central processing unit（CPU）中央处理器 2.title bar 标题栏 3．operating system 操作系统4．personal computer 个人计算机 5．menu bar 菜单栏6．desk publishing 桌面排版 7．electronic spreadsheet 电子表格8．hard disk 硬盘 9．database 数据库10．Cursor 光标 (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。) 1．随机存储器RAM 2．只读存储器ROM 3．传输控制协议TC P 4．数字视频光盘DVD 5．通用串行总线USB 6．计算机辅助设计CAD 7．计算机辅助制造CAM 8．中央处理器CPU (三)．Translate the following Chinese into English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。) 1．键盘keybord 2．鼠标mouse 3．扫描仪scanner 4．打印机printer 5．输入input 6．输出output 7．显示器monitor 8．存储器storage 9．数据库database
10．操作系统operating system 11．应用软件application software 12．字处理器word processor 13．网络浏览器web browser 1 / 18 二．Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F).(判断正误。) 1．As soon as you turn the computer off, the contents of RAM will disappear. (√) 2．Windows XP is Microsoft's most advanced desktop operating system. (√) Software can be divided into two general classes: system software and application ．3software. ()√4．Microsoft Word XP is a member of Microsoft office 2000 . (×) 5．Application software (also called end-user program) is designed to perform a specific function directly for the user. (√) 6. Without systems software, application software in a computer is useless. (√) 7. WinZip, WinRAR and Microsoft's Internet Explorer are all data compression software. (×) 8. Word doesn't have the feature to accessing to World Wide Web. (×) 9. Menu bar displays the names of the application and document. (×) 10. Microsoft Word can help you design and manipulate spreadsheet electronically. (×). 三．Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。) （一）． a. 操作系统CPU）1. central processing unit（ b. 2. hardware 输入. c. 3. RAM(random access memory) 只读存储器 d. 4. ROM(read-only memory) 应用软件 5. input e . 中央处理器 6. output f . 系统软件 7. operating system g. 硬件 8. application software h. 随机存储器 9. system software i. 内存 j. 10. memory 输出 1．e 6. j ．g 2．7a d 8. 3．h 2 / 18 4．c 9. f 5．b 10. i (二) ． 1. binary system a an input device
一、Give out the full names for the following abbreviations(写出下列缩写词的全称)（15%） WAN__________________________________________________ HTTP__________________________________________________ NT____________________________________________________ CEO__________________________________________________ DBMS________________________________________________ ISP___________________________________________________ XML__________________________________________________ BIOS_________________________________________________ IT____________________________________________________ WWW_______________________________________________ 二、Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right )（10%） 1. output devices a. 操作系统 2. silicon b. 扩展存储器 3. expanded memory c. 硅 4. database administrator d. 输出设备 5. operating system e. 汇编语言 6. assembly language f. 数据库管理员 7. gateway g. 数字图像处理 8. laser technology h. 网关 9. digital image processing i. 制造过程 10.manufacturing process j. 激光技术 1. （ ） 6. （ ） 2. （ ） 7. （ ） 3. （ ） 8. （ ）
1 6. 计算机专业英语试题 2 I . Vocabulary （词汇）（30 分） （一） .Tran slate the follow ing words and expressio ns into Chi nese （写出下列词组的 汉语。）（共 10 分，每题 1 分） 1. operati ng system _______________________________ 2. white box testi ng _______________________________ 3. hard disk ________________________________ 4. man ageme nt in formatio n system ______________________________ 5. electr onic commerce _______________________________ 6. relati onal database ________________________________ 7. software engin eeri ng ______________________________ 8. .software maintenance _________________________________ 9. menu bar 10. network security （二） .Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations. （根据汉语写出相应的 英语缩写。） （共 10分，每 题1分） 2. _ 广域网 4 .文件传送［输］协 6 .面向对象编程 8 .结构化查询语言 10 .开放系统互 （三） Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right 1. applicati on software a. 音频 2. mach ine Ian guage b. 应用软件 3. structured program ming c. 机器语言 4. functional test ing d. 软件测试 5. memory e. 结构化程序设计 6. relati onal database f. 内存 7. firewall g. 功能测试 8. software test ing h. 关系数据库 9. hacker i. 黑客 10. audio j. 防火墙 column.（将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。 1.只读存储器 ________________________ 3.传输控制协议 ______________________ 5.通用串行总线 ______________________ 7.集成开发环境 _____________________ 9.数据库管理系统 ____________________ ）（10分，每空1分）
计算机专业英语试题 2 Ⅰ. Vocabulary(词汇)(30分) (一)．Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉 语。)(共10分，每题1分) 1．operating system 2．white box testing 3．hard disk 4．management information system 5．electronic commerce 6．relational database 7．software engineering 8． software maintenance 9． menu bar 10．network security (二)．Fill in the blanks with the corresponding English abbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应 的英语缩写。) (共10分，每题1分) 1．只读存储器 2．广域网 3．传输控制协议 4．文件传送[输]协议 5．通用串行总线 6．面向对象编程 7．集成开发环境 8．结构化查询语言 9．数据库管理系统 10．开放系统互连 （三）Match the following words and expressions in the left column with those similar in meaning in the right column.(将左列的词汇与右列相应的汉语匹配。)(10分，每空1分) 1. application software a.音频 2. machine language b.应用软件 3. structured programming c.机器语言 4. functional testing d.软件测试 5. memory e.结构化程序设计 6. relational database f.内存 7. firewall g.功能测试 8. software testing h.关系数据库 9. hacker i.黑客
计算机专业英语全部答案(第三版)
Unit1 EX1 1 F 2 T 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 T 9 T 10F EX2 Input hardware, storage hardware, processing hardware, output hardware power, speed, memory central processing unit internal, primary, memory keyboard, central processing unit, main memory, monitor EX3 PARTA 1 F 2 D 3 G 4 C 5 B 6 A 7 E 8 H EX3 PART B 1 F 2 E 3 G 4 B 5 A 6 C 7D 8 H EX4 1 input device 2 screen 3 manipulates 4 instructions 5 retrieve 6 codes 7 hardcopy 8 function EX5 1 T 2 T 3 F 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 T
UNIT2 EX1 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F EX2 1 sizes, shapes, processing capabilities 2 supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, microcomputers 3 mainframe computer 4 microcomputer, storage locations 5 portables, laptop computers, desktop workstations 6 semiconductor 7 CPU, memory, storage, devices, processing, users 8 microprocessor chip EX3 PARTA 1 C 2 A 3 H 4 I 5 E 6 F 7 G 8 J EX3 PARTB 1 capacity 2 device 3 laptop computer 4 Portable computers 5 Silicon 6 semiconductor 7 workstation 8 Voltage, voltage 9 RAM 10ROM EX4 1 portable 2 access 3 main memory