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七八年级必须掌握的19个重点英语语法!110+学霸必背!

七八年级必须掌握的19个重点英语语法!110+学霸必背!
七八年级必须掌握的19个重点英语语法!110+学霸必背!

学好语法在初中英语学习中至关重要。今天,要和大家分享的是七八年级必须要掌握的九大语法点,助力大家英语提分!

can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。

1. 含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。

2. 含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。

3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+can't.

4. 含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?

I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak?

what time和when引导的特殊疑问句

1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。

2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了?

3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。

顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。

如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen

逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即<或=30,用past表示。其结构为:“分钟+past+整点”意为“几点过几分”。

如:1:25 twenty-five past one

b. 当超过30分钟时,即>30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60—所过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。

如:4:38 twenty-two to five

c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。

How引导的特殊疑问句

1.how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况:

a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数)

b. by+交通工具(单数)

c. on/in+限定词+交通工具

---How do you go to school every day?

---I take a bus to go to school every day./I go to school by bus every day./I go to school on the bus every day.

2.how far 用来提问距离,多远,其答语分为两种:(1)用长度单位表示:It is five kilometers.

(2)用时间表示:It’s twenty minutes’walk.

3. how long 用来提问时间,意为多久回答常用“for+段时”。

----How long have you learnt English?

----For 3 years.

4. how soon 用来提问做完某事还需要多长时间,用于将来时态,常用“in+时间段”来回答。

----How soon will you arrive in Beijing?

----In 3 hours.

祈使句一般表示请求、命令、劝说、号召、警告等。一般以动词原形开头,句末可以用感叹号或句号。

1. 肯定的祈使句:

(1) 实义动词原形+其他:Please look at that boy.

(2) be动词原形+形容词+其他:Be quiet, please. 2. 否定的祈使句:

(1) Don’t+实义动词+原形 Don't stand there.

(2) Don’t be+形容词+其他Don't be so noisy.

(3) No+n./V-ing

No photos. 不许照相。

No talking. 不许谈话。

现在进行时:

现在进行时指当前时间正在发生的动作。常与now,at this moment,listen,look等词连用。

谓语动词结构:be+动词ing形式

They are having class.

He is eating lunch.

变为否定句直接在be动词之后加not,其他不变;变为一般疑问句直接把be动词提到句首,其他不变。

They are having class.→They are not having class.→ Are they having class?

He is eating lunch.→ He is not eating lunch. → Is he eating lunch?

There be句型

1. There be句型主要用以表达“某处有某人(某物),强调存在”其基本结构为“There be+某物(某人)+某地”,有时为了强调地点,也可把地点状语放在句首。There is a book on the desk.

On the desk there is a book.

2. have表示“某人拥有某人或某物,强调拥有和所属关系”。

The man has two cars.

3.There be句型中的就近原则,即be和距其最近的主语保持一致。

There are some pens and a book on the floor. =There is a book and some pears on the floor.

选择疑问句是指说话人提出两种或以上的情况,让对方选择是哪一种,两个选择部分用or连接。选择疑问句不用yes或no来回答,直接在两个选择里选一个回答。

---Is she tall or short? ---She is tall.

---Can you play the piano or play the guitar? ---I can play the piano

名词

1. 名词单数变复数规则

在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countable noun)和不可数名词(uncountable noun)。不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的

前面要用a或an,eg: a pencil, a basketball, a dictionary, an egg, an ID card,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:

(1)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”

book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon →cartoons

(2)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”

box→boxes,watch→watches

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”

family→families,comedy→comedies

(4)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加es

knife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves

(5) 特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:

child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→women tooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer

2. 既是可数名词又是不可数名词的单词

chicken当“鸡肉”讲时是不可数,当“小鸡”讲时可数;room当“空间”讲时不可数,当“房间”讲时可数;

fish当食物用“鱼、鱼肉”讲时不可数,当“鱼的种类”讲时可数;

hair泛指“毛发”时不可数,当“一根或几根毛发”讲时可数;

sound意思是“一般性的声音”时,不可数,指“一次发出的声音”时可数;

paper当“纸”讲时不可数,当“试卷”、“论文”、“证件”讲时可数;

time当“时间”讲时不可数,当“时代、倍数、次数”讲时可数;

exercise泛指“锻炼”时不可数,当“练习、做操”讲时可数

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态(与现在无关)。

常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等过去具体时间状语连用。

He was here just now.

他刚才还在这里。

What did you do yesterday?

你昨天做了什么事?

一般过去时基本结构:

1. 肯定句形式:主语+动词过去式+其他

I was an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我是一名英语老师。

I bought a yellow dress yesterday afternoon.

昨天下午我买了一条黄裙子。

2.否定句形式:

①was/were+not;

②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。

I wasn't an English teacher one year ago.

一年前我不是一名英语老师。

I didn't buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我没买一条黄裙子。

3. 一般疑问句:

①was/were提到句首;

②Did+主语+动词原形+其他?

Were you an English teacher one year ago?

一年前你是一名英语老师吗?

Did you buy a yellow dress yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你买了一条黄裙子吗?

4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

What were you one year ago?

一年前你是做什么的?

1.询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦时,常用以下几种结构来表达:

What’s the matter (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?What’s wrong (with sb.)?(某人)怎么了?

What’s the trouble with sb? 某人出什么事了?What happened to sb? 某人发生了什么事?

Are you OK? 你没事吧?

Is there anything wrong with sb.?某人有不舒服/麻烦吗?

2. 要表达身体疼痛或不舒服,可用以下结构:

①某人+have/has+病症

The twins have colds.双胞胎感冒了。

②某人+have/has+a+headache/toothache/stomachache/backac he/earache.

She had a stomachache last night. 她昨晚肚子痛。

③某人+have/has+a+sore+发病部位

He has a sore throat. 他喉咙痛。

④某人+hurt(s)+身体部位或反身代词

He hurt his leg. 他的腿受伤了。

⑤某部位+hurt(s).

My head hurts badly. 我头痛得厉害。

⑥某人+have/has+a pain+in one’s+身体部位

I have a pain in my chest. 我胸口痛。

⑦(There is) something wrong with one’s+身体部位There is something wrong with my right eye. 我的右眼有毛病。

⑧其他表达方式

She has a heart trouble. 她有心脏病。

He got hit on the head. 他头部受到了撞击。

She cut her finger. 她割破手指了。

Should用法

1. should为情态动词,意为“应该;应当”,否定式为shouldn’t,其后接动词原形,无人称和数的变化。常用来表示征询意见、建议、劝告、要求或义务等。

You should drink more water. 你应该多喝水。

He should put his head back. 他应该把头后仰。

We should try our best to help him. 我们应当尽力去帮助他。 You shouldn‘t watch TV. 你不应该看电视。

2. should用于主语为第一人称的疑问句,表示征询意见。

Should I put some medicine on it? 我应当给它敷上药吗?

Should we tell her about it? 我们应该告诉她这件事吗?

3.在英语中,表示建议的说法有很多,而且都是中考考查的重点。主要结构有:

①Would you like (to do) sth?你想要/愿意(做)某事吗?

Would you like to play basketball with me? 你想要和我一起打篮球吗?

②Shall I/we do sth? 我/我们做某事好吗?

Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow? 明天我们去动物园,好吗?

③Why not do sth? 为什么不......呢?

Why not join us?为什么不加入到我们当中来呢?

④How/What about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?

How about going swimming? 去游泳怎么样?

反身代词的用法:

1. 可用作宾语,指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如:Maria bought herself a scarf.

We must look after ourselves very well.

2. 可用作表语,指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。

如: She isn’t quite herself today.

3. 可用作主语或宾语的同位语,常用来加强语气。

如:She herself will fly to London tomorrow.

I met the writer himself last week.

4. 用在某些固定短语当中。

如:look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己

teach oneself sth./learn sth. by oneself 自学

enjoy oneself 玩得高兴,过得愉快

help oneself to sth 请自用……(随便吃/喝些……)hurt oneself 弄伤自己

say to oneself 自言自语

leave sb. by oneself 把某人单独留下

【注意】反身代词不能单独做主语,但可以做主语的同位语,起强调作用。

如:我自己能完成作业。

(误)Myself can finish my homework.

(正)I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态,或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

一般将来时的基本结构:

1.will+动词原形

否定式:will not=won't

一般疑问式:will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

—Will he help you with your English tonight?

今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?

—Yes, he will./No, he won't.

是的,他会。/不,他不会。

—When will you arrive for America?

你什么时候去美国?

—Tomorrow.

明天。

2. am/is/are going to +动词原形

否定式:am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式:am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式:特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.

看那乌云,快要下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data for us?

他会帮我们收集数据吗?

What are you going to do tomorrow?

明天你打算作什么?

3. will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法区别

will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况,一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。

will主要用于在以下三个方面:

(1)表示主观意愿的将来。

They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.

明天他们将去厂参观工厂。

(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

He will be thirty years old this time next year. 明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

(3)表示临时决定,通常用于对话中。

—Mary has been ill for a week.

玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.

噢,我不知道。我去看看她。

be going to主要用于以下两个方面:

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.

今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断,某事非常有可能发生,表示推测。

Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

1.作主语

为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。

常用句型:It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth./It takes sb. some time to do sth.

2. 作宾语

动词want, decide, hope, ask, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare常接动词不定式作宾语。

3. 作(后置)定语

常用于“have/has+sth.+to do”或“It?s time to do sth.”等结构中。

4. 作宾语补足语

tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。

【注意】动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to:“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)”。

5. 动词不定式作状语

主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order (to) 或so as (to) “为了,目的是”。

1. 请求别人时通常用此句型,也可以说Can you...please?情态动词could或can在这里均表示请求,在意思上无区别,但是用could在于其显得更委婉、客气、诚恳。在日常生活中常使用could you/I...?若在句末加上please,则显得更礼貌。

Could you help me find my book, please?你能帮我找到我的书吗?

2. 对could you/I...?的问句作出肯定回答,常用“sure/certainly/of course”等;如果作否定回答,常用“sorry或oh, please don’t”。一般不用no开头,用no显得语气生硬、不礼貌。

3. 表示请求的其他句式

Would you like to do...?

Would you mind doing...?

Let’s do....

Please do...(祈使句前加please)

过去进行时

1. 基本概念:过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外, 一般用时间状语来表示。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

It was raining when they left the station.

他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

2. 基本结构was / were ( not ) + 动词-ing

3.一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较

一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态, 而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。

David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了。)

David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完。)

状语从句

1. unless引导条件状语从句

unless = if...not... 除非,若不

They will go tomorrow unless it rains.

= They will go tomorrow if it doesn’t rains.

2.as soon as引导时间状语从句,意为“一...就...”。He will come and see you as soon as he can.

3. so...that...引导结果状语从句

句型1:主语+谓语+so+形容词/副词+that从句

The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward. 句型2: so +形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that 从句

It was so hot a day that they all went swimming. 句型3. so + many/ few + 复数名词 + that从句

He has so few friends that he often feels lonely.

七年级下册英语语法整理

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