1.Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why?
-------from F.Scoot.Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby
Gatsby pursuit ―a universe of ineffable gorgeous‖ in his young age. In fact, Gatsby from West Egg insists his Platonic fantasy. He fell in love with the blonde and his ineffable gorgeous ideal is combined with Daisy’s breathing and desire. Daisy becomes the image of ideal in his mind; though she marries Tom and may does not love him, though he can realize her soul full of money and desire, he cannot change his mind which back his love and be together as before. Maybe that is the shining and great part of his soul. Maybe that is the American dream which can show to us. But through the novel, we can have the clear idea that Daisy’s desire was not hi s dream, it is not Daisy’s fault but his dream has giant vitality and energy. His dream is far behind Daisy and everything exists. He does his best to build the perfect world and aim in his mind. So his spirit which pursuits on ideal and dedication is also far behind secular frolicking in the bed. For realizing his dream, he donated himself to mud of money in New York; he showed no interests in wealth itself and the life of debauchery. Just like the lotus lives in the pound around with mud but not be polluted. His soul no doubt is suffering in the social life but without any complain.
3.What do “petals” and “bough” stands for?
-----from Ezra Pound In A Station of the Metro.
First of all, this poem stands the points of economy by Imagism. Every word in this poem has its own unique meaning. For example, the color of black in this poem may represent the train’s color, the railway’s color, the pillar’s color or the dim light of the metro station. Ezra Pound was very sensitive to the color and usually used the ir different meanings in his poetry. He used the skill of painting in his process of creating the poem. In this poem, every word is used as the pigment. Petals stand for the meaning of color from their unique image. The word ―wet‖ brings the feeling of fre sh and bright to the people. And the word ―apparition‖ gives the dim color of pale and weak to the ―faces‖ and ―petals‖. And the author put the petals and faces together let the faces have the feeling of tender and red. Several pretty faces appear in the metro station from the dimly lit, and they become the shining petals in the black bough which was wet by the rain. This transformation is based on our vision, but it also shows that the same point between the quiet nature scenery and the noisy industrial environment. Ezra Pound wants tell us that we can find the beauty everywhere in our daily life. And it also shows the metaphor of Imagism.
1.Do you think Gatsby deserves to be called “the great”? Why?
（1）I think it is too complicated to simply say Gatsby des erves to be ―great‖ or not.For one thing, Gatsby was ambitious, hardworking, generous and passionate. He was so extremely loyal to his love and Daisy that he could do anything to get Daisy back: he did shady business to earn money and social position; he threw luxurious parties just to draw Daisy’s attention; he could take the blame for a death that he did not cause.（2）In this respect, he is much ―greater‖ than his contemporaries. For another thing, Gatsby never realized that Daisy wasn’t the girl he loved anymore. Gatsby was so innocent that he staked everything on his dreams, not realizing that his dreams are unwort hy of him. He wasn’t sober enough to be great.
2.Does “the green light” Gatsby believed in exist in reality? Why or why not ?
（1）I think ―the green light‖ does not exist in reality. Because the green light which situated at the end of Daisy’s East Eg g dock and barely visible from West Egg lawn represents Gatsby’s unattainable dream. Although the color itself can be seen as hope and bright future, Gatsby’s quest for Daisy back is doomed to be impossible. Daisy lived in ―a material world without being r eal, where poor ghosts, breathing dream like air‖.（2）After five years when Gatsby met Daisy again, the miracle Daisy had lost her original glory. Therefore, there is no delaying that Gatsby’s dream would not come true. In the novel, the green light not only represents that innocent Gatsby looked forward to the future, but also means his longing for the history –his happy past with Daisy. The distinction between ideal and reality was huge. As if American dream between golden past and golden future always suffered from the realistic betrayal and crush.
3.Wha t does Gatsby’s Schedule reveal about him and how does it relate to the American Dream?
（1）The schedule is a reflection of Gatsby’s determination and ambition. It reveals that he is hard on himself in pursuit of his goal—to be an upper-class man.（2）On one hand, we can know that he is persistent in pursuing his American Dream-- to attain wealth and happiness through his struggle. On the other hand, he is too idealistic and naive.（3）He tries his best to make money and learns everything required to be an upper-class man so that he can get access to his beloved girl.Money is important，but there are other barriers difficult to penetrate. The girl he loves is as vulgar and superficial as others in her circle, she is unable to meets Gatsby’s romantic fantasy. So his dream is destined to shatter, which indicates the disillusion of American Dream. 4.Whe n you read the line “He (the man with owl-eyed glasses) took off his glasses and wiped them again, outside and in ,” what images does it create in your mind, given the novel’s numerous references to the strikingly strange scene of the spectacled eyes?
（1）From this line , superficially, owl-eyes is a person with thick and blurry glasses who can not see clearly all the things in the world. However, we know he is actually an owl-wise observer and sees more clearly than anyone else in the novel. Owl-Eyes, except Nick, is the only friend to appear at the rain-soaked burial of Gatsby, when others are unwilling to come. He feels sympathy for Gatsby’s tragedy.（2）After reading this line, I cannot help thinking of the Dr.Eckleburg billboard with its huge yellow sp ectacles in this novel. In many rainy days, Dr. Eckleburg’s eyes are also dimmed and seem blind. But in fact this is a pair of "all-seeing" eyes. The Owl-Eyed Man is similar to Dr. Eckleburg, sadly looking at the people’s life and idealism of this time. Both of them symbolize an uninvolved spectator god. They watch all the activities of the humans. Owl-eyes is the avatar of the sightless Dr. Eckleburg.
1. How do you interpret the irony of the title after reading the story?
（1）The title ―A Clean Well-Lighted Place‖ refers to the café in the text. The café was very clean and well- lighted. From the literary meaning, we may feel this place was very warm and comfortable, was a place where people need warmth wanted to go.
So the old man, who was rich but deaf and lonely came here to find warmth and avoided nada. It was the only place he could go and could find some comfort.（2）However, the younger waiter was very selfish. As his wife was waiting him on the bed, he wanted to go home early. Therefore, he refused to offer the old man another cup of wine by the excuse that the business was finished. In fact, there was still an hour from closing time. The younger thought an hour was more important to him than to the old man. The old man needed to leave the only place where he could get far away from nada/ nothing. This café should be warm but the younger waiter forced the lonely and deaf to leave without any sympathy. This is the irony of the title.
2. Do you think youth and confidence can help one withstand the metaphorical dark？Why or why not?
（1）I don’t think so.In our opinion, the metaphorical dark means nada，nothing in one’s inner heart. In the article, the younger waiter had both youth and confidence; however, he never made full use of them. As we can see, he didn’t understand the old man’s suicide and excessive drinking, and failed to see his tomorrow through the old man’s present situation.（2）What’s more, he had no idea that youth is not permanent, which cannot guarantee love and wo rk. From above, there is no denying that he didn’t realize his nada. Therefore, his youth and confidence never contributed to withstanding his metaphorical dark.（3）I think that, nowadays, youth and confidence do can help to withstand the metaphorical dark, for one can bravely face the reality and overcome the nada with youth and confidence. But they only serve as two main factors. In fact, we need some other factors such as courage, dignity and so on if we want to withstand the metaphorical dark successfully.
3.The older waiter said to the younger waiter:“We are of two different kinds.” In what way do you think they are different?
（1）I think they are different from each other in the following four aspects：In the beginning, they are in different ages.The older waiter was in his middle age; while the other was much younger.（2）Then, they have different attitudes towards the old man. From the article, we know the older waiter had suffered a lot. He had maintained a clean and well-lighted place in his heart, and he could understand the old man and show sympathy to him. However, the young man was very selfish. He wanted to go home early so that he finished the business one hour earlier and forced the old man to leave. He showed hatred rather than sympathy to the old man.（3）Next, they have different attitudes towards life. The older waiter had a deep sense of life. He was brave and wanted to fight again nada. Besides, he cared about others. The younger one was totally different; he has a shadow understanding of life. He satisfied with his present love and work, he only care about himself and was reluctant to take others into consideration. He even never thought of his future.（4）Finally, they have different attitudes towards nada. The older waiter had realized that it is impossible to avoid nada in one’s whole life. The only thing he can do is to keep a kind of clearness in his own mind. So he was willing to work late for the lonely old man and was pleased to help those who are suffering nada. But out of youth and confidence, he failed to overcome nada. On the contrary, the younger waiter had the two most important
factors for withstanding nada; however, he didn’t realize the nada in his heart at all. Then his youth and confidence became useless.
1. What are the qualities that Granny possesses which help her live successfully?（1）Granny Weatherall is hard-working and able. She cooks food, keeps a good house for her family. She stays up throughout the night to look after sick horses, sick children or sick black servants.（2）She has endurance and is tough. She is able to face downfalls and frustrations in life. She gets over the jilting by George, her
husband-to-be and later the death of her husband, John. She single-handedly brings up her children, works on the land and keeps a good farm.（3）She is rather proud and will not admit that she is old and weak. She rebukes Cornelia and Dr.Harry for taking care of her. She even gets over the idea of dying when she was 60 years old.
2. Does Granny have any weaknesses? If so, what are they?
Yes. Her weakness is that she refuses to face the fact that she is badly hurt when George jilts her by not appearing at the wedding. She represses her anger and tries hard to believe she has had a successful life. However, the anger is hidden deep at heart all her life and explodes as she is dying. In a way, she does not have a happy life.
3. What intelligent advice and wisdom does Granny give her family?
She gives advice to Lydia about how to bring up children, to Jimmy about how to do business, even how to move the furniture to Cornelia.
4. Try to reorder the events told in the story as they would have happened in real lif e or as they flashed through Granny’s mind.
(1)Sixty years ago, when Ellen Weatherall was young, she was to marry George. But he did not appear at the wedding.(2)She is later married to John, another young man.(3)She then has several children with John—George, Jim, Cornelia, Lydia, and Hapsy.(4)John dies and she has to bring up the children and take care of the house and the land totally on her own.(5)At 60, she pays a farewell visit to each of her children because she thinks she is going to die soon.(6)Now she is 80 and is dying when the story opens.
第三章作业及答案 一、单项选择题 1. 标志着以慈禧太后为首的清政府彻底放弃抵抗外国侵略者的事件是（） A ．《南京条约》的签订 B ．《天津条约》的签订 C ．《北京条约》的签订 D ．《辛丑条约》的签订 2 ．清末“预备立宪”的根本目的在于（） A ．仿效欧美政体 B ．发展资本主义 C ．延续反动统治 D ．缓和阶级矛盾 3.1903年6月，（）在上海《苏报》发表《驳康有为论革命书》，批驳康有为所谓“中国之可立宪，不可革命”的谬论 A.陈天华 B.邹容 C.章炳麟 D.梁启超 4.1903年邹容写的（）是中国近代史上第一部宣传革命和资产阶级共和国思想的着作 A.《猛回头》 B.《警世钟》 C.《革命军》 D.《驳康有为论革命书》 5.中国近代第一个资产阶级革命的全国性政党是( ) A.强学会 B.兴中会 C.同盟会 D.国民党 6. 孙中山民权主义思想的主张是( ) A.驱除鞑虏 B.恢复中华 C.创立民国 D.平均地权 7.1905年11月，孙中山在《民报》发刊词中将中国同盟会的政治纲领概括为（） A.创立民国、平均地权 B.驱除鞑虏、恢复中华、创立合众政府 C.民族主义、民权主义、民生主义 D.联俄、联共、扶助农工 8.武昌起义前同盟会领导的影响最大的武装起义是( )
A.浙皖起义 B.萍浏醴起义 C.镇南关起义 D.黄花岗起义 9.中国历史上第一部具有资产阶级共和国宪法性质的法典是（） A.《钦定宪法大纲》 B.《中华民国临时约法》 C.《中华民国约法》 D.《试训政纲领》 10.南京临时政府中占领导和主体地位的派别是（） A ．资产阶级维新派 B ．资产阶级保皇派 C ．资产阶级立宪派 D ．资产阶级革命派 11. 辛亥革命取得的最大成就是（） A.推翻了封建帝制 B.促进了资本主义的发展 C.使人民获得了一些民主自由权利 D.打击了帝国主义的殖民势力 12.清帝被迫退位，在中国延续两千多年的封建帝制终于覆灭的时间是（）。 A、1911年10月10日 B、1912年1月1日 C、1912年2月12日 D、1912年4月1日 13.中国第一次比较完全意义上的资产阶级民主革命是指（）。 A、辛亥革命 B、国民革命 C、北伐战争 D、抗日战争 14.1915年，（）在云南率先举起反袁护国的旗帜，发动护国战争 A.黄兴 B.段祺瑞 C.蔡锷 D.孙中山 15.资产阶级革命派开展护国运动的主要原因是 ( ) A.袁世凯指使刺杀宋教仁 B.袁世凯强迫国会选举他为正式大总统 C.袁世凯解散国会 D.袁世凯复辟帝制 16.袁世凯为复辟帝制不惜出卖主权，与日本签订了卖国的（） A.中日共同防敌军事协定 B.承认外蒙自治
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
1、The Colonial Period（1607-1765） American Puritanism ( in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th) 北美第一位女诗人Anne Bradstreet(宗教气息，夫妻恩爱) Edward Taylor 都受英国玄学派影响（metaphysical） 2、The Enlightenment and Revolution Period Benjamin Franklin:Poor Richard's Almanac The Autobiography---“美国梦”的根源 3、American Romanticism（end of 18th to the civil war） American writers emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. 早期浪漫主义Washington Irving father of American Literature
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. 1.simply speaking , American Puritanism just refers to the spirit and ideal of puritans,who settled in the North American continent in the early part of the seventeenth century because of religious persecutions. 2.In content it means scrupulous ,moral rigor ,especially hostility to social pleasure and religion . 3.with time passing it became a dominant factor in American life , one of the most enduring shaping influences in American thought and literature.to some extent it is a state of mind,a part of the national cultural atmosphere that the American breathes ,rather than a set of tenets. 4.Actually it is a code of values,a philosophy of life and a point of view in American minds,also a two-faceted tradition of religious idealism and level -headed in common sense . 2.The American Romanticism(浪漫主义):a literary movement flourished as a cultural force the early period and the late period. associated with imagination and boundlessness, as an historical movement it arose in the 18th and 19th centuries.(Walt Whitman, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Edgar Allan Poe.) II.Features of American romanticism (1) It was the expression of “a real new experience(全新体验)”. (2) American Puritanism was a cultural heritage. Many American romantic writings intended to edify(启发) more than they entertained. (3) American Romanticism is full of “newness(新奇)” . Ideals：Individualism; political equality Dream：America: a new Garden of Eden (4)American romanticism was both imitative and independent. 3.Transcendentalism 超验主义 The major features of Transcendentalism: ① The Transcendentalists placed emphasis on spirit, or the Oversoul, as the most important thing in the universe. 思想超灵宇宙 ② The Transcendentalists stressed the importance of the individual. To them, the individual is the most important element of Society. ③ The Transcendentalists offered a fresh perception of nature as symbolic of the Spirit or God. Nature was not purely matter. It was alive, filled with God’s ove rwhelming presence. 自然+上帝 Ralph Waldo Emerson. American Transcendentalism:As a philosophical and literary
《外国教育史》历年考研真题 00年一,名词解释(任选5题,每题4分,共20分) 1.骑士教育2.智慧馆3.城市学校4.新大学运动5.补偿教育6.实科学校7.进步教育8.国防教育法二,简述题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分) 1.评述法国建立"统一学校"方案的意义. 2.评述凯兴斯坦纳的"公民教育". 3.如何理解苏格拉底的“美德就是知识”？4.简述美国当代师范教育的特点。 5.试说明教育技术的产生对教育活动的实际影响。三，论述题（任选2题，每题25分，共50分） 1.论卢梭的自然教育思想。2.试述“新教育运动”的理论原则及历史影响。3.试分析马丁.路德宗教改革对德国教育制度的作用。 4.试举例说明西方教育史中类似素质教育的思想及其当代意义．01年一,名词解释(任选5题,每题4分,共20分)] <世界图解> 城市学校智者实科中学活动课程星期日学校福斯特法案从做中学二,简述题(任选3题,每题10分,共30分) 请你谈谈班级授课制的产生对工业社会的意义. "五月风暴"后出台的<富尔法案>中提出了哪些高教原则? 试述福禄贝尔的"恩物"对幼儿教育的作用. 蒙台梭利"幼儿之家"教育训练的主要内容是什么? 欧文"陶冶馆"的开设是处于怎样的意图,简述之. 三,论述题(任选2题,每题25分,共50分) 联系今天的大学教育,评述永恒主义教育理论. "学到的观念越是基本,几乎归结为定义,则它对新问题的适用性就越宽广……“这是《教育过程》中的话，试以这段话为例评述布鲁纳的结构主义教育理论。试论述信息技术发展对终身教育的意义。02年一，名词解释（任选5题，每题4分，共20分）修辞学校骑士教育《太阳城》＜世界图解＞耶稣会派导生制现代中学进步教育国防教育法二，简述题（任选３题，每题１０分，共３０分）１，终身教育理念的提出，对现代教育的发展带来了什么影响？２，制度教育学首先是作为传统教育学的替代物而出现的，那么其特点和局限性又是什么呢？３，简述美国１８２３年以来发展师范教育的途径。４，杜威的“从做中学”是以其“思维五步法”为基础的，简述两者是如何相互关联的？５，英国哲学家斯宾塞提出了“什么知识最有价值”的问题，那么他自己又是如何看待或回答这个问题的呢？三，论述题（任选２题，每题２５分，共５０分）１，斐斯塔洛齐在〈天鹅之歌〉中写道：“依照自然法则，发展儿童道德、智慧和身体各方面的能力，而这些能力的发展，又必须顾到它们的完全平衡”。试结合当下中国教育的现实，评述斐斯塔洛齐的和谐发展教育观。２，试评述１９００年左右出现的实验教育学思潮。３，试分析改造主义教育理论，并说明教育对于社会改造的可能性和局限性。４，从儿童发展角度，评述结构注意教育理论。０３年一，名词解释（任选５题，每题７分，共３５分）文士学校进步教育智者派城市学校藩学公学〈世界图解〉主日学校补偿教育二，简述题（任选３题，每题１５分，共４５分）１，简述“终身学习”的教育理念。２，教科书在当代教学中的作用如何？３，评述美国的测验运动对美国教育的影响。４，杜威在〈民主主义与教育〉中谈到“教育本身并无目的。只是人，即家长和教师才有目的。”他真的认为教育没有目的吗？三，论述题（任选２题，每题３５分，共７０分）１，试论马丁。路德等的新教改革对德国学校教育发展的影响。２，试论蒙台梭利幼儿教育思想及其对当今学前教育的启迪。３，以〈教育过程〉为例，分析布鲁纳的结构注意教育理论。０４年一，名词解释（任选５题，每题７分，共３５分）统一学校１１＋考试制开放大学幼儿之家最近发展区进步教育〈泛智学校〉新学校运动二，简述题（任选３题，每题１５分，共４５分）１，简述１９世纪初英国慈善教育的意义。２，简述法国师范教育的特色。３，简述改造主义教育观。４，简述斐斯塔洛齐的“要素教育论”。三，论述题（任选２题，每题３５分共７０分）１，试从“实科中学＂的创设分析近代科学教育的发展。２，试论终身教育思想的提出对学习型社会的意义。３，述评法国思想家卢梭的自然教育思想。
1、怎样理解鸦片战争是中国近代史的起点？ 鸦片战争是中国近代史的开端，原因有四： 第一，战争后中国的社会性质发生了根本性变化，由一个落后封闭但独立自主的封建国家沦为一个半殖民地半封建社会。 第二，中国的发展方向发生变化，战前中国是一个没落的封建大国，封建制度已经腐朽，在缓慢地向资本主义社会发展；而鸦片战争后中国的民族资本主义不可能获得正常发展，中国也就不可能发展为成熟的资本主义社会，而最终选择了社会主义道路。 第三，社会主要矛盾发生变化，战前中国的主要矛盾是农民阶级与封建地主阶级的矛盾，而战后主要矛盾则包括农民阶级和地主阶级的矛盾及中华民族与外国殖民侵略者的矛盾，也就是社会主要矛盾复杂化。 第四，是革命任务发生变化，原先的革命任务是反对本国封建势力，战后则增加了反对外国殖民侵略的任务，革命的性质也由传统的农民战争转为旧民族主义革命。 2、怎样认识近代中国的主要矛盾、社会性质及其基本特征？ （1）近代中国的主要矛盾 帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾；封建主义和人民大众的矛盾是近代中国的主要矛盾。 （2）社会性质：半殖民地半封建的性质。 中国社会的半殖民地半封建社会，是近代以来中国在外国资本主义势力的入侵及其与中国封建主义势力相结合的条件下，逐步形成的一种从属于资本主义世界体系的畸形的社会形态。（3）基本特征 第一，资本——帝国主义侵略势力日益成为支配中国的决定性力量。 第二，中国的封建势力日益衰败并同外国侵略势力相勾结，成为资本——帝国主义压迫、奴役中国人民的社会基础和统治支柱。 第三，中国的自然经济基础虽然遭到破坏，但是封建剥削制度的根基——封建地主的土地所有制成为中国走向近代化和民主化的严重障碍。 第四，中国新兴的民族资本主义经济虽然已经产生，但是发展很缓慢，力量很软弱，且大部分与外国资本——帝国主义和本国封建主义都有或多或少的联系。 第五，由于近代中国处于资本——帝国主义列强的争夺和间接统治之下，近代中国各地区经济、政治和文化的发展是极不平衡的，中国长期处于不统一状态。 第六，在资本——帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫下，中国的广大人民特别是农民日益贫困化以致大批破产，过着饥寒交迫和毫无政治权力的生活。 3、如何理解近代中国的两大历史任务及其相互关系？ （1）近代中国的两大历史任务： 第一，争取民族独立，人民解放；第二，实现国家富强，人民富裕。 （2）近代中国的两大历史任务的相互关系： 争取民族独立，人民解放和实现国家富强，人民富裕这两个历史任务，是互相区别又互相紧密联系的。 第一，由于腐朽的社会制度束缚着生产力的发展，阻碍着经济技术的进步，必须首先改变这种制度，争取民族独立和人民解放，才能为实现国家富强和人民富裕创造前提，开辟道路。第二，实现国家富强和人民富裕是民族独立，人民解放的最终目的和必然要求。 第一章 1、资本－帝国主义侵略给中国带来了什么？
2018年自学考试《美国文学选读》试题 Multiple choice; 1._________ works are marked by a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of original sin and the mystery of evil. A.Emerson’s B. Hawthorne’s C. Thoreau’s D. Allan Poe’s 2. Irving’s “Rip Van Winkle”got ideas from _______ legends. A.B ritish B. German C. Italian D. French 3. “Rip Van Winkle”reveals the theme of ______ the past. A. nostalgia for B. rejectionn to C. detachment from D. dislike for 4. In Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter , “A”may stand for ____________. A. Angel B. Adultery C. Able D.all the above 4. According to Hawthorne, the scarlet letter “A”which originally stood for “____”finally obtained the meaning of “able”or “angel”through Hester’s efforts. A. adultery B. arrogance C. accomplishment D. agony 5. Which one is not the characteristics of the puritan style? A. Fresh B. Simple C. Grand D. Direct 6. In his ______, Benjamin Franklin creates the image of a boy’s rise from rags to riches and demonstrates his belief that the new world America was a land of opportunities which might be met through hard work and wise management.
《英语文学文化及影视赏析》课程教学大纲 一、课程说明 1、课程名称（中英文）：英语文学文化及影视赏析/English Literature and Culture & Appreciation of English movies 2、学时学分：75学时理论教学，2学分 3、适用专业：非英语专业研究生 4、开课学院：外国语学院 5、课程负责人：姜萌萌 二、课程描述： 本课程拟对英语经典文学与相关文化概况进行简要介绍，并遴选英美国家的经典作家和作品，对其文学特色、文化背景进行分析。课程重视文学作品与时代背景、西方历史文化的联系，在教学中将理论与实践相结合，做到寓教于乐。在课内，不仅有作家作品、相关文化背景和信息的介绍、经典作品片段的解读，并通过课堂讨论以及影视作品的欣赏帮助学生最直观地理解西方文化与文学作品的文本意义。在课外，学生需要查阅相关资料，完成相关问题的回答与读书报告，以一种轻松愉悦并且多方面切入的方式学习、了解和体验英语文学文化。该课程目的在于通过英语文学文化的学习，提高学生对英语语言的掌握能力、增强对英语文学经典的理解力和对西方文化的审美能力，进一步养成对英语的敏感性，培养人文素质和文学涵养。 三、教材： 王守仁主编，《英国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 陶洁主编，《美国文学选读》，北京：高等教育出版社。 秦秀白，《英美国家概况》，北京：高等教育出版社。 王佐良，《欧洲文化入门》，北京：外语教学与研究出版社。 自编讲义 四、教学方式： 理论与实践相结合。 五、考核方式： 提交一篇与所学课程相关的课程论文，用英语完成。 总成绩=期末考试成绩70%+平时成绩30%（考勤占10%）
1.怎样认识近代中国的主要矛盾、社会性质及其基本特征？ （1）近代中国的主要矛盾 帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾；封建主义和人民大众的矛盾是近代中国的主要矛盾。中国近代社会的两对主要矛盾是互相交织在一起的，而帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾，是最主要的矛盾。 （2）社会性质：半殖民地半封建的性质。 中国社会的半殖民地半封建社会，是近代以来中国在外国资本主义势力的入侵及其与中国封建主义势力相结合的条件下，逐步形成的一种从属于资本主义世界体系的畸形的社会形态。 鸦片战争前的中国社会是封建社会。鸦片战争以后，随着外国资本-帝国主义的入侵，中国社会性质发生了根本性变化：独立的中国逐步变成半殖民地的中国；封建的中国逐步变成半封建的中国。 （3）基本特征 第一，资本--帝国主义侵略势力不但逐步操纵了中国的财政和经济命脉，而且逐步控制了中国的政治，日益成为支配中国的决定性力量。 第二，中国的封建势力日益衰败并同外国侵略势力相勾结，成为资本--帝国主义压迫、奴役中国人民的社会基础和统治支柱。 第三，中国的自然经济基础虽然遭到破坏，但是封建剥削制度的根基--封建地主的土地所有制依然在广大地区内保持着，成为中国走向近代化和民主化的严重障碍。 第四，中国新兴的民族资本主义经济虽然已经产生，并在政治、文化生活中起了一定作用，但是在帝国主义封建主义的压迫下，他的发展很缓慢，力量很软弱，而且大部分与外国资本--帝国主义和本国封建主义都有或多或少的联系。 第五，由于近代中国处于资本--帝国主义列强的争夺和间接统治之下，近代中国各地区经济、政治和文化的发展是极不平衡的，中国长期处于不统一状态。 第六，在资本--帝国主义和封建主义的双重压迫下，中国的广大人民特别是农民日益贫困化以致大批破产，过着饥寒交迫和毫无政治权力的生活。 中国半殖民地半封建社会及其特征，是随着帝国主义侵略的扩大，帝国主义与中国封建势力结合的加深而逐渐形成的。 2.如何理解近代中国的两大历史任务及其相互关系？ （1）近代中国的两大历史任务： 第一，争取民族独立，人民解放；第二，实现国家富强，人民富裕。 （2）近代中国的两大历史任务的相互关系： 争取民族独立，人民解放和实现国家富强，人民富裕这两个历史任务，是互相区别又互相紧
美国文学史及作品选读模拟试题一 ) '×15=15I.Multiple Choice (1'______was the first colony in American history. C1. D.Georgia C. Virginia A. Massachusetts B. New Jersey War. the before Revolutionary only good American author 2. _B_____ was the
One “His shadow lies heavier than any other man's on of his fellow Americans said, this young nation.”D.Thomas Paine B. Benjamin Franklin C. Thomas Jefferson A. John Smith 3. Romantics put emphasis on the following EXCEPT __A____. D. individualism C. intuition B. imagination A. common sense The Raven was written in 1844 by __B______ 4. B. Edgar Allan Poe A. Philip Freneau D. Emily Dickinson C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 5. The ship __C____ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts. D. Titanic C. Mayflower B. Armada A. Sunflower D____ is a tremendous chronicle of a whaling voyage in 6. Melville's novel __ pursuit of a seemingly supernatural white whale. Moby Dick D. C. White Jacket A. Typee B. Omoo 7. As a philosophical and literary movement, __D____ flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. D.Transcendentalism C.Sentimentalism B.Rationalism A.Modernism 8. The theme of original sin is fully reflected in ___A______. B. Sister Carrie A. The Scarlet Letter The Old Man and Sea D. C. The Great Gatsby 9. In all his novels Theodore Dreiser sets himself to project the ___B___ American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined economically. 页1 第 A. Puritan B. materialistic C. psychological D. religious 10. Realism was a reaction against____B__ or a move away from the bias towards
《美国文学选读》课程标准 一、课程性质与任务 美国文学选读是英语专业高年级的选修课。它与英美文学史密切结合，使学生在接触到浩繁的文学作品的同时，可以对繁杂的文学现象加以整理和梳理，并形成自己阅读文学作品的习惯，开阔视野，在学习过程中把握正确的理解文学作品的方法。美国文学选读通过向学生介绍文学作品及其作品创作的历史文化背景，培养学生阅读文学作品的兴趣，增强语感，增进学生对美国社会、历史、文化以及生活习俗的了解，提高他们对西方文学的欣赏能力及批评能力。 二、课程教学目标 1．知识目标 1）文学知识：通过本课程的学习，学生应深入、直观地理解各个时期的美国文学作品，把握其思想、语言及创作技巧上的特点；另外，还应对美国的文学评论流变具备相对清晰的认识。 2）语言知识：本课程是通过介绍不同文体的文学作品，深化学生对英语语言的认知、理解和应用的能力。并通过对不同时期英语原文资料的阅读和解析，以一种更加直观的方式了解这门语言的发展。 2．能力目标 1）文学作品鉴赏能力：通过作者作品的讲解，学生可以对作品的社会历史价值和艺术价值进行评价，培养并提高自我的鉴赏能力； 2）语言表达能力：通过课堂和课下阅读及评价任务的完成，学生的口头和书面表达能力能够得到全面的提高； 3）思辩能力：课上小组讨论环节和presentation环节能够激发学生的思辩能力，助其开拓思路，同时也为以后对英语的有效使用打下基础。 3．素质目标 1）文学文化修养：本课程作为英语专业高年级学生的素养课，旨在培养学生对美国文学及文化的理解，可以使学生以直观的方式全面接触这种语言和文化，并形成独立的开放的文化观，进一步强化其跨文化意识； 2）基本的研究素质：本课程通过对文学评论的介绍和讲解向学生传授文学鉴赏的不同视角，可使其具备基本的文学研究素质； 3）文学翻译的基础：本课程通过对文学作品的细读向学生介绍文字背后的人文、历史、政治、哲学及美学等因素，可为文学翻译课程提供较好的材料，并做好前期准备。 三、课程基本信息和内容要求
绝密★考试结束前 2015年7月高等教育自学考试广东省统一命题考试 外国教育史 试卷 课程代码：01282 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、单项选择题（本大题共26小题，每小题1分，共26分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其选出并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1．古希腊流传下来的最早一部以现实生活为题材的诗作是 A ．《神谱》 B.《工作与时日》 C.《酒神颂》 D.《胜利颂》 2．荷马史诗《伊利昂纪》突出描写的是 A ．阿喀琉斯的愤怒 B.赫克托耳的勇敢 C.阿伽门农的专横 D.奥德修斯的智慧 3．《神曲》中带领但丁游历地狱和炼狱的是 A ．奥维德 B.贺拉斯 C.维吉尔 D.贝雅特丽齐 4．薄伽丘的《十日谈》在结构上采用的是 A ．单线结构 B.框形结构 C.双线结构 D.环形结构 5．被誉为“西班牙戏剧之父”的剧作家是 A ．马洛 B.乔叟 C.拉伯雷 D.维加 6．法国古典主义悲剧作家拉辛的代表作是 A ．《安德洛玛克》 B.《熙德》 C.《伪君子》 D.《诗的艺术》 7.17世纪英国资产阶级革命文学最杰出的代表是 A ．莫里哀 B.约翰·弥尔顿 C.高乃依 D.约翰·班扬 8.18世纪欧洲启蒙运动的中心是 A ．英国 B.德国 C.法国 D.意大利 9．被称为法国的“莎士比亚”的浪漫主义作家是 A ．夏多布里昂 B.斯达尔夫人 C.缪塞 D.大仲马 10.19世纪美国诗人惠特曼的代表作是 考生姓名：________________ 准考证号：________________ 考场：__________ 座位：__________ 密封线
美国文学选读第三版课后习题答案陶洁(部分) Unit 1 Benjamin Franklin Questions 1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight
一、单选题：（每题1分，共20分） 1.外国教育史上最古老的学校是（）的宫廷学校。A．古代埃及B．两河流域C．古代印度D．古代希腊 2.古代埃及的寺庙学校着重（）。A.文雅教育 B.职官教育 C.书吏教育 D.科学教育 3.雅典的初等学校全由（）办理。A.私人 B.企业 C.国家 D.私人和国家共同 4.斯巴达教育的基本特点是强调（）。 A.智育 B.美育C.劳动教育D.军事体育 5.古代希腊体育的五个竞技项目是赛跑、跳跃、掷铁饼、（）和角力。A．游泳B．射箭C．投标枪D．击剑 6.苏格拉底法也称为（）。 A.相互教学法 B.发现法 C.知识助产术 D.雄辩术 7.柏拉图在公元前387年建立（）。 A.阿卡德米学园B．吕克昂学园C．雅典大学D．亚历山大大学 8.中世纪最典型的教会教育机构是（） A.教堂 B.修道院 C.学院 D.学校 9.下列选项中哪一项不是基督教信条中的组成部分（）A.禁欲 B.苦行C.修行 D.行善 10.弗吉里奥是率先阐述人文主义教育思想的学者，其思想大大受益于古罗马的一位教育家，这位教育家是（） A. 昆体良 B.奥古斯丁 C.西塞罗 D.格里诺11.教育史上第一部论述学前教育的专著是（） A.《大教学论》 B.《世界图解》 C.《母育学校》 D.《论天赋才能的培养》 12.17世纪初，被称为“近代科学之父”的哲学家是（） A.洛克 B.弥尔顿 C.培根 D.裴斯泰洛齐 13.16世纪之后，英国初等教育由（）掌管。 A.天主教教堂B国家政府 C 罗马教堂 D 国教会 14.培根以提倡（）和科学教育而著名。A.普及教育B.自然科学C.要素教育D.古典教育 15.裴斯泰洛齐认为初等教育最重要的问题是( ) A.道德教育 B.要素教育 C.自然教育 D.智育教育 16.教育史上，首创“没有书本的学校”，被人们誉为“幼儿园之父”的教育家为（）
上篇综述作业及答案 一、单项选择题 1.中国封建社会的基本生产结构是：（） A．手工业 B.农业经济 C.工业 D.小农经济 2.19世纪初，大肆向中国走私鸦片的国家是( ) A.美国 B.英国 C.日本 D.俄国 3.中国近代史上的第一个不平等条约是：（） A．《望厦条约》B．《南京条约》C．《辛丑条约》 D．《马关条约》 4.《南京条约》中割让的中国领土是：（） A.香港岛 B.九龙 C.新界 D.台湾 5.第一次鸦片战争中，美国强迫清政府签订的不平等条约是（） A.《黄埔条约》 B.《虎门条约》 C.《望厦条约》 D.《瑷珲条约》 6.中国近代史的起点是：（） A. 第一次鸦片战争 B. 第二次鸦片战争 C. 中日甲午战争 D. 八国联军侵华战争 7. 第一次鸦片战争后，中国逐步演变为：（） A. 封建主义性质的国家 B. 半殖民地半资本主义性质的国家 C. 资本主义性质的国家 D. 半殖民地半封建性质的国家 8.标志着中国半殖民地半封建社会起点的事件是（） A.英国的鸦片走私 B. 林则徐的虎门禁烟 C.1840年第一次鸦片战争 D.第二次鸦片战争 9.鸦片战争后，中国社会最主要的矛盾是:（） A．地主阶级和农民阶级的矛盾B．资本—帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾C．封建主义和人民大众的矛盾D．清朝统治和汉族的矛盾 10.鸦片战争前，中国社会经济中占统治地位的是:（） A．商品经济B．封建经济C．半殖民地经济D．资本主义经济 11.近代中国的历史表明，要争取争得民族独立和人民解放必须首先进行：（） A. 反对帝国主义侵略的斗争 B. 反帝反封建的资产阶级民主革命 C. 反对封建主义压迫的斗争 D. 反对资产阶级的社会主义革命 12.在近代中国，实现国家富强和人民富裕的前提条件是:（） A. 反对帝国主义的侵略 B. 争得民族独立和人民解放 C. 推翻封建主义的统治 D. 建立资本主义制度 13.中国工人阶级最早出现于：（） A.十九世纪四、五十年代 B.十九世纪六十年代 C.十九世纪六、七十年代 D.十九世纪七十年代 14.近代中国产生的新的被压迫阶级是：（） A农民阶级B工人阶级C资产阶级 D民族资产阶级 15.中国的资产阶级出现于：（） A.十九世纪四、五十年代 B.十九世纪六十年代 C.十九世纪六、七十年代 D.十九世纪七十年代 单项答案1. D 2.B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. A 7.D 8. C 9. B 10. B 11.B 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. C