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英语期末考试段落翻译

英语期末考试段落翻译
英语期末考试段落翻译

英语期末考试段落翻译

Unit 1

享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀?

1 每听到一个滑稽有趣的故事,人们就会发出会心的的笑声,感到心情愉悦舒畅;从古到今,世界各地都一样。这一事实也许像语言本身一样悠久,但是,是什么使得笑话如此好笑呢?

5 典型的笑话或幽默故事由明显的三部分构成。第一部分是铺垫(即背景),接下来是主干部分(即故事情节),随后便是妙语(即一个出人意料或令人惊讶的结尾)。如果这个妙语含有一定的幽默成分,这个笑话便会很有趣。通常笑话都包含这三部分,而且每部分都必须交代清楚。如果讲故事或说笑话的人使用听众都熟悉的手势和语言,则有助于增强效果。

13 一些专业的幽默家认为如今的幽默大多缺乏智慧,不够巧妙。他们不喜欢在幽默中过多使用有色情意味或粗俗的语言,而且觉得大多数幽默家缺乏创造性。的确,现在有些幽默令人震惊,但我认为这不是幽默的过错。幽默本身是活泼健康的,它还会继续生存下去,只因为每天都有有趣的事情发生。一些有幽默感的人会看到听到这些有趣的事情,并把它们编成妙趣横生、令人开心的笑话和故事。

Unit 2

便笺的力量

5 多年来,我努力效仿堂以及我的其他朋友,他们关心别人,常写一些鼓舞人心的话语,因为我觉得,他们这样做是很有意义的。在这样一个惯于冷漠、无动于衷的世界上,这种便笺给人们带来了温暖和安慰。我们都时不时地需要鼓励,大家知道几行赞扬的话会改变一个人的一天,甚至一生。

9 那些通常做作的公司高层经理们,其领导作风只能被形容为强硬、冷漠、脱离群众。甚至这些人也开始学习写便笺去鼓舞人心,且从中获益匪浅。唐纳德?彼得森,福特公司的前主席,把每天写便笺鼓励同事当作一件日常工作。该公司在80年代时走出低谷取得成功主要是他的功劳。

“我只不过匆匆地在备忘录或信的角上写一些鼓舞人心的话,然后传递出去,”他说道。“每天最重要的一段时间,就是鼓舞那些为你工作的人的那10分钟。”

Unit 4

关于创造力的培养——鼓励孩子思考

3 现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用,而且全国各地的专家认为,对待孩子也应仿效这种做法,无论是在家里还是在学校。他们认为,如果我们教育孩子进行创造性思维,他们就能在明天的社会中更好地发挥作用。

4 受益于创造性的不只限于音乐和艺术领域。能取得成功的学生和成人都是那些会寻求各种办法解决问题的人。

5 创造性并非与生俱来,也不一定就是高智慧的特征。一个人智力高并不意味着他必然能创造性地发挥才智。创造性是指能利用已有的资源想出新点子,而这些点子有助于解决某方面的问题。

8 在家里,家长可以做一些鼓励孩子发挥创造力的事情。如果遇到合适的问题,家长可以就该问题征求孩子的意见,让他们参与决策。家长可以帮助孩子了解不同的决策将会带来的各种后果。家长还应鼓励孩子大声谈论他们正在做的事情。思维能力和语言能力是紧密相关的。大声地谈论有助于提高语言能力和思维能力。

10 给孩子一些选择的余地也很重要。应该允许孩子自己做决定并清楚其后果,要让孩子从尽可能早的年龄开始这样做。做决定有助于培养思维能力,即便只是在午餐的两种食物的选择上做决定也行。随着孩子慢慢长大,家长应让孩子自己做主支配时间或金钱;当他们作出错误的决定时,不要不假思索地给予过多的帮助。这种做法可能会使孩子迷惑不解,但这没有关系。因为富有创造力的人有很强的动力,使他们能够从混乱中创造秩序。这是他们的一

个最重要的特点。

Unit 6

风险与你

1 在说不定的某个时候,我们大家都曾充当过疑病症患者的角色,只凭一些轻微的症状便怀疑自己得了某种可怕的病。有的人只要一听说一种新的疾病,就会去检查,看自己是否可能患了这种病。然而,对疾病的恐惧并非我们唯一的恐惧。同样,患病的危险也并非我们唯一会遇上的危险。现代生活中充满了各种各样的威胁,诸如对我们生命的威胁,对我们平和心境的威胁,对我们家人的威胁,对我们未来的威胁。从而产生了好些问题,我们不得不问自己:我买的食品安全吗?给孩子们的玩具会伤害他们吗?我们家的人是不是不该吃熏肉?我度假时会不会遭抢劫?我们的疑虑就无休止地增加。

2 对生活中风险的担忧与疑病症有相似之处;二者的恐惧或忧虑皆起因于信息不全面。但二者之间也存在一个明显的差别。疑病症患者通常可以求助于医生,以便澄清疑虑——要么你得了你所怀疑的疾病,要么你没得。但当涉及到其它形式的风险时,事情就要困难得多,因为对许多风险来说,情况并不那么简单。

3 风险几乎总是一个可能性的问题而无确定性可言。你也许会问:“我该不该系安全带?”如果你坐的车要与其它车正面相撞,那当然该系安全带。倘若你的车侧面被撞,结果你被困在车里,又因安全带装置遭破坏而无法挣脱,那怎么办呢?这是否意味着你该再花些钱在车内安一个保险气袋呢?同样,在正面相撞的情况下,保险气袋完全可以救你一命。但是,万一正当你在高速公路上开车时,保险气袋突然意外充气膨胀,从而导致了本来绝不会发生的事故,那又该如何是好?

4 上面说的这一切,只是从另一角度说明我们所做的事没有一件是百分之百安全的。有些风险——常常是潜在的重大风险——与我们的每个业余爱好、所做的每项工作、所吃的每种食物有关,换句话说,与所进行的任何活动有关。但我们又不能,也不该因危险存在于我们将要做的每件事,而变成战战兢兢的神经症患者。有些活动是比其它活动更危险。关键在于要让自己了解相应的风险,然后相机行事。

8 我们一旦明白了风险是永远无法从任何情况中完全去除的,因而就没有绝对安全的事,我们也就会明白问题的关键不是要彻底避免风险,而是要理智地管理风险。风险管理需要两大要素:常识以及与我们可能要承担的风险的性质和程度相关的信息。

unit 7

1 我们这些教师对于在你们身上取得的教育成就一点都不感到自豪。

我们培养你们去适应的是一个根本不存在的世界——事实上也是不可能存在的。

在这里度过的四年时间里,你们一直以为失败是不会留下任何记录的。

要是学得不好,一个最省事的办法就是中途退出(不修这门课),在布朗大学你们学会了这一点。

但是,从现在开始,在你们要涉足的世界里,失败是要给你留下疤痕的。

知难而退也会使你变成另一个人。走出布朗,知难而退的人绝不是英雄。

2 你们可以跟我们争辩,说服我们为什么你们的错误不是错误,为什么平庸的作业是优秀的,为什么你们会对普普通通并不出色的课堂报告感到骄傲。

回想一下,毕竟你们中的大多数人在你们所学的大部分课程中都得了高分。

因此,在这里分数并不能作为区分优秀学生与学业平平的学生的依据。

但是,今后,在你们所要去的世界里,你们最好不要为自己的错误辩护,而应该从中吸取教训。

假如你们要求得到你们不该得到的表扬,诋毁那些不给你们表扬的人,这是不明智的做法。

4 更糟糕的是,当你们的言谈枯燥无味时,我们却装作你们说的是重要的事情;当你们喋喋

不休、不知所云时,我们认真倾听,似乎你们说的东西事关重大;

当你们把根本没有花心思写的作业扔到我们桌上时,我们不仅拜读,甚至批改给评语,好像值得为你们这样做似的。

当你们犯傻时,我们装作你们聪明过人;当你们老生常谈、毫无想象力、平平淡淡时,我们却装作像在听什么美妙绝伦的新鲜事情一样;

当你们要不劳而获时,我们拱手奉上。所有这一切究竟是为了什么?

8 哦,对了,还有一点。尽量不要像对待我们那样去对待你们的同事和老板。

我的意思是,当他们把你们想要但不是你们应得的东西给了你们时,要善待他们,不要侮辱他们,不要在他们身上重演你们与父母之间的那种糟糕的关系。

这一切,我们也都忍受了。

正如我刚才所说的,这不是为了讨你们的欢心。

有一些年轻人只能在同龄人的眼中找到自我,是一些愚昧无知的人,竟然肤浅到以为教授们关心的不是教育,而是自己的人缘。实际上,很少有教授在乎这类年轻人是否喜欢他们。

我们容忍这一切,只是为了摆脱你们。摒弃我们在教学中给你们造成的这些假象,投身到真实的生活中去吧。

第二篇 3 大学难道真的像诺伊斯纳所说的那样没有让我们为现实生活做准备吗?我们现在所经历的一切难道在现实世界中都是无用的吗?这些问题是在我考虑诺伊斯纳所说的话时突然从我的脑子中冒出来的。我认为他完全错了。对于我们大部分人来讲,大学时代是我们开始独立,学会独自作出重要决定,并为此承担责任的时代。在大学里,我们必须学会安排时间(还包括筹划金钱),学会忍耐(否则我们在拥挤的三人间里过不下去)。我们结识了来自世界各地的人,开阔了视野,加深了彼此间的了解。如果这些对现实世界是没用的,那我就不知道什么才是有用的。

unit 8

6 对大多数生物来说,光是最强有力的同步指示仪。

但人类还有另一个强有力的同步指示仪:周围的人。

根据在德国进行的开拓性研究报告,当人们被分成小组,一起置身于与光、温度、湿度等外部时间提示因素相隔绝的环境时,他们自身内部复杂的时间节奏无法(与外部因素)同步了;但他们的生物钟随后又恢复了相互间一致的同步节奏。

就连他们的体温也一起上升或下降——这表明,每个人体内的一些微妙的生物化学变化现在也都同步了。

这些实验也许揭示了一种神秘力量,一种把个人改变为群体(团队、异教或乌合之众)成员的神秘力量。

7 人的头脑能以各种各样的方式改变时间的节奏。那些从死亡的边缘抢救过来的人常常回忆说, 在那一瞬间他们整个一生的生活经历会在他们面前重新闪现。

那些经历过严重事故的人常描述说,在事故发生的过程中,一切都以慢动作的形式进行;

这显然是人脑中内置有逃生工具,也就是一种能力,它能把人对外部世界的感知速度提高到正常状态下的数倍,从而“减慢”了世界运行的速度,使当事人有“时间”来思考避免灾难的对策。

8 由于我们一生下来就被灌输了社会所遵循的时间,于是我们就以为这是任何人在任何地方不管怎么样都必须共同遵守的。

但不同的文化对时间的认识存在着差异。

在北美和欧洲北部的一些工业化国家,生活安排得很紧凑。

让别人等候是令人皱眉头的。

但在欧洲南部及拉丁美洲说西班牙语和葡萄牙语的国家里,人比时间表更重要,故在约会时

会把开始的时间定得比较灵活。

14 我们称时间的文化模式是后天习得的,如果我们想要与自然和谐共存,那么我们必须认识到,自然界的时间仍然影响着我们的世界,因此绝不能忽视它。我们创造了机械时间,令我们的社会随着它运转,我们有自由去选择究竟是做它的奴隶还是做它的主人。

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