2019年中考英语语法复习方案11《句子、连词》
简单句、并列句、复合句(状语从句)连词
【趋势解读】
(1)句子是英语大厦的基石和灵魂，它是英语交际最基本的单位。句子是由若干单词或词组按一定的语言顺序和规则形成的排列组合，而组合句子的单词或词组叫作句子成分。英语的篇章就是由句子构成的，因此弄清句子成分和结构不但是进一步学习复合句和特殊句式的基础，也是阅读理解、完形填空、书面表达能力提升的关键所在。
(2)连词是一种虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，但它犹如过河的卒子，能量巨大，因为它是连接词与词、词组与词组或句子的桥梁。它也是英语单词、词组和句子的逻辑符号，属于并列关系的词、词组、句子由并列连词连接，而从属连词用采连接两个有主从关系的句子。【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 简单句五种基本句型
无论句子的结构多么复杂，都不会超出简单句的五种基本框架。长句、难句都是这五种句型的扩充、套用和连用。影响句型结构的主要因素是谓语动词。
“主谓”句型——主语+谓语
“主谓宾”句型(一) ——主语+谓语+宾语
简单句五种基本句型“主谓宾”句型(二) ——主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
“主谓宾”句型(三) ——主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
“主系表”句型——主语+系动词+表语
核心题根1 将下列词或词组连成句子。
(1)immediately/left/he
(2)we/at/home/stay/on Sundays
(3)the little boy/an apple八his morning/ate/greedily/in the kitchen
思路点拨:考查“主语十谓语”和“主语+谓语+宾语”句型。在“主谓”句型中，谓语动词是不及物的，其后可以接副词，说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。具体顺序为:主/动/宾语或补足语/方式状语/地点状语/时间状语。
(4)the man/a bottle of beer/to/the waiter/brought
(5)her new dress/her husband/showed/she
(6)we/an honest boy/all/think/him
思路点拨:考查“主谓宾”句型中双宾语和复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。简单句的语序是主谓语先行，修饰语左右，动词的修饰状语一般在动词后，名词的修饰定语一般在名词的前面。
(7)for years/the house/empty/stood
(8)very angry/became/after/the news/she
思路点拨:系表句型的语序为“主+系+表”。注意:除了be动词之外，还有一些表示感官
和变化等的系动词。时间状语也可以置于句首。
同类变式1 将所给词语连成句子，标点已给出。要求:符合语法，语句通顺，大小写正确，词语不得重复使用。
(1)I, go on, yesterday, a trip
(2)it，I，was，school trip，first
(3)we，happy, sang, on the way
(4)interesting activity，many, there were
(5)what，we，a, wonder, time，had
方法技巧
六个成分即叙述的六要素:
①who(谁做，主语)，②action(做什么，谓语)，③who/which/what(被做了什么，宾语)，④how(状语，怎么做)，⑤where (状语，在哪里做)，⑥when(状语，何时做)。
注意:时间状语可以置于句末，也可以置于句首。
精彩笔记2 both ... and ... , neither ... nor ... , either ... or...的用法
连词是一种虚词，不能单独充当句子成分，连词用来连接单词、词组或句子。连词分为并列连词和从属连词。
表示两个都用both ... and ...;两个中任选一个用either... or ...;两个中一个也不要(不是)，用neither ...nor...。
核心题根 2 (1)—Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai?一I may live in a hotel in a friend's house.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. not only; but also
思路点拨:both... and...“……和……都”;either ... or ...“要么……，要么……”;neither ... nor ...“不……，也不……”; not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”。答语句意:也许我要么住在旅馆里，要么住在朋友家里。表示从两个中任意选择一个。
(2) Tom Peter are fond of watching TV.
A. Not only; but also
B. Both; and
C. Either; or
D. Neither; nor
思路点拨:neither ... nor…既不……也不……; either ... or...要么……要么……;not only... but also...不仅……而且……。这三组连词用于连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与最后一个主语保持一致，即“就近原则”。both ... and...两个都……，连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词用复数。
(3)—Tim, how do your parents like pop music?一my dad my mom likes it. They both prefer classical music.
A. Either...or
B. Neither...nor
C. Not only…but also
思路点拨:由答语后句句意“他们两个更喜欢古典音乐”可推知答语前句句意为“我的爸爸和妈妈都不喜欢它(流行音乐)”。neither... nor...“既不也不……”，符合句意，故选B。
同类变式2 —How do you like the two pairs of shorts?
—They don't fit me well. They are too long too short.
A. not only; but also
B. both; and
C. neither; nor
D. either; or
(2)—I hear your grandpa your grandma like watching Beijing Opera.—Right, just as many old people do in our city.
A. both; and
B. either; or
C. neither; nor
D. not only; but also
知识归纳
并列连词的类别:
(1)表示并列:and和;nor也不;neither ...nor既不……也不……;both ...and……和……都，不但……而且;not only ... but(also)不但……而且;as well as ……和……，不但……而且
(2)表示选择:or或者，否则;otherwise否则;either ... or或……或……，不是……就是
(3)表示转折:but但是;while然而(对比);however可是，然而;yet然而，可是，而且;still 然而，还是
(4)表示因果:for因为，由于;therefore所以，因此;so因此，所以;thus因此
精彩笔记3 “祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构
(1)and用于“祈使句+and+简单句”这一结构中，其中祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件状语从句，并列连词and引导的简单句常用一般将来时。如:
Go at once, and you will see her. =If you go at once, you will see her.马上去，那么你就会见到她了。
(2)用于“祈使句+or+简单句”这一结构中，祈使句相当于一个否定的条件状语从句，并列连词or引导的简单句常用一般将来时。
核心题根3 Read this article, you will understand that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
思路点拨:该题考查并列句的句式结构:祈使句+and/or+简单句(常用一般将来时)。or“否则”，表示相反的结果;and“并且”，表示顺承关系。由句意“读这篇文章，你就会明白并不是所有的东西都可以用钱来买”可知表示顺承关系，故用and。
同类变式3 Spend more time talking with your parents, they may not well understand you。
A. or
B. so
C. and
D. but
易错警示
连接并列的两个人或物时，在肯定句中用and，在否定句中用or。如:The elephant isn't like a spear, or a snake, or a tree, neither is he like a fan.
精彩笔记4 表递进关系、选择关系和转折关系的并列句
并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。
常见的并列句有四种:表递进关系，表选择关系，表转折关系，表因果关系。
核心题根4 (1) Confucius once said, “Everything has its beauty, not everyone sees it.”
A. but
B. or
C. and
D. so
思路点拨:but“然而，但是”，表示转折;or“或者”，表示选择;and“和，而且”，表示并列或顺承。“万物皆有动人之处”与“并非众人皆能洞悉”之间是转折关系。
(2) Practice more, you'll do better in playing chess.
A. but
B. and
C. when
D. after
思路点拨:该句为“祈使句+and+简单句”结构，其意义相当于if引导的肯定意义的条件
状语从句。其中and表示前后为顺承关系。句意:多训练，你在下国际象棋方面会做得更好。
同类变式4 (1) You have to move out of the way the truck cannot get past you.
A. so
B. or
C. and
D. but
(2) Mike was usually so careful, this time he made a small mistake.
A. yet
B. still
C. even
D. thus
(3) At school, some students are active some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another.
A. while
B. although
C. so
D. as
方法技巧
(1) while用作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
(2)yet的用法很灵活，兼具连词与副词两种词性。如:
①He is poor, yet he is happy.(连词，表转折，注意此时yet的位置且前面必须加逗号。)
②He is poor, and yet he is happy.(副词，表转折，因为前面有并列连词and。)
③Though he is poor, yet he is happy.(副词，表转折。)
精彩笔记5 常用的并列连词
表示因果关系常用的并列连词有so, for.
when还可用作并列连词，其意思为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this /that time。常用于下列句式:①sb was doing sth when…②sb was about to do/going to do /on the point of doing sth when…③sb had just done sth when…
核心题根5 (1) One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away
my daughter heard cries for help.
A. after
B. while
C. since
D. when
思路点拨:句意:一个周五，我们正在打包要出去度周末，就在那时我女儿听到有人求救的声音。本题考查“be doing ... when ...”这一句型结构。
(2) It was raining heavily, we decided to stay at home and watch TV.
A. but
B. or
C. because
D. so
思路点拨:but“但是”;or“否则，或者”;because“因为”;so“因此，所以”。根据句意“雨下得很大，因此我们决定待在家里看电视”可知，so符合题意。
同类变式5 正确的并列连词填空。
(1) English is understood all over the world Turkish is spoken by only a few people outside Turkey itself.
(2) He was just going to sleep he heard someone shout，“Fire! Fire!”
(3)She is seriously ill, she doesn't give up hope.
(4) He is a good teacher, he is very popular with students.
(5) does he do well in English, but he does well in math.
(6) I was wandering through the street I caught sight of a tailor's shop.
易错警示
1. for
(1)介词:“为了”，表示目的。
(2)连词:“因为”，表示原因，语气比because弱。
2. when
(1)副词，“什么时候”。
(2)从属连词，“当……时”。
(3)并列连词，“这时，那时”。
精彩笔记6 时间状语从句
复合句是由主句和从句组成的。主句是复合句的主体。从句由从属连接词引导，从句本身有自己的主语、谓语及其他成分。但是，从句不能独立存在。根据从句在复合句中的语法功能，从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
主语从句
名词性从句由that, if, whether引导的宾语从句
表语从句
同位语从句
由when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，since until, once等引导的时间状语从句
由if，unless，as long as等引导的条件状语从句
由because，as，since等引导的原因状语从句
由in order that，so that等引导的目的状语从句
状语从句由although，though，even if，even though等引导的让步状语从句
由so…that，such…that，so that等引导的结果状语从句
由where, wherever等引导的地点状语从句
由as... as... ，not as /so ... as ... , than等引导的比较状语从句
由as, as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句
状语从句是在句中起副词作用的句子，可用于复合句的句首或句末。句式为:“状语从句+逗号+主句”或“主句+状语从句”。
when, while, as引导时间状语从句时的区别:①when可表示片刻时间，也可表示一段时间。主句动词的动作可与从句动词的动作同时发生也可不同时发生。②while表示一段时间。主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句中必须用连续性动词。③as表示从句动作与主句动作同时发生，常译为“一边……一边……”。
核心题根6 (1) Mary made coffee her guests were finishing their meal.
A. so that
B. although
C. while
D. as if
思路点拨:句意:Mary在客人们快吃完饭时给他们沏咖啡。题中所给四个选项都是从属连词，都可以引导状语从句。A项so that意为“以至于，为的是”，引导结果和目的状语从句。B项although意为“虽然，但是”，引导让步状语从句。D项as if意为“好像”，引导方式状语从句。这三项都不符合本句句意。C项while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句，while表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，从句中必须用连续性动词，常用进行时态。
(2) He's not a perfect child. He sometimes talks back his parents talk with him.
A. if
B. before
C. when
D. until
思路点拨:if`“如果;是否”，可用于引导条件状语从句和宾语从句;before“在……之前”，用于引导时间状语从句;when“当……时”，可用于引导时间状语从句;until“直到……为止”，用于引导时间状语从句。句意为:“他不是一个完美的孩子。当他父母和他谈话时，他有时候顶嘴。”
(3) He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A. as
B. if
C. unless
D. though
思路点拨:句意:当玛丽代她醉酒的朋友们致歉时，他有礼貌地笑了。本题考查时间状语从句。as当……的时候，相当于when。B,C,D均不符合题意。
同类变式6 用when，while或as填空。
(1) I was walking down the street，I noticed a police car in front of the store.
(2) John arrived, I was cooking lunch.
(3) he grew older，he lost interest in everything except gardening.
(4)I loved history I was at school.
规律总结
如果主句表示的是短暂动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。如:
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
精彩笔记7 as soon as, once, until, since, before, every time等引导的时间状语从句
1. before
若表达“还未……就……;不到……就……; ……才……;还没来得及……就……”时，需用连词before。如:We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.
before从句中的谓语不用否定式。如:Before they reached the station, the train had gone.他们还没到火车站，火车就已开走了。
2. since
(1) since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生过的动作。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，相应地，主句中的时态是现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
(2)在“It is+一段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句中谓语动词所表示的动作完成或表示的状态结束时算起。如:It is three years since the war broke out.自战争爆发以来有三年了。It is three years since I stopped smoking.我不吸烟有三年了。
3. every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每次……，下次……”等。如:Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。
核心题根7 (1)You can't borrow books from the school library you get your student card.
A. before
B. if
C. while
D. as
思路点拨:句意:你拿到你的学生证以后才能从学校图书馆借书。
只有A项符合句意。
(2) you start eating in a healthier way，weight control will become much easier.
A. Unless
B. Although
C. Before
D. Once
思路点拨:句意:一旦你开始遵循更健康的饮食方式，体重的控制会变得更容易。本题考查状语从句。A:除非;B:虽然;C:在……之前;D:一旦。
(3) The students can't go home they finish cleaning the classroom, for it's their duty.
A. when
B. since
C. if
D. until
思路点拨: until“直到……为止”，引导时间状语从句，可构成not ... until…“直到……才……”。句意为:“学生们直到打扫完教室才能回家，因为这是他们的责任。”
同类变式7 (1) I was watching TV my brother was writing an e-mail at home at this time last night.
A. as soon as
B. after
C. until
D. while
(2)—When will you return the book to me?
—I'll give it to you I finish it.
A. once
B. until
C. as soon as
D. unless
(3) Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain I could stop her.
A. until
B. after
C. before
D. unless
(4) they decide which college to go to, students should research the admission procedures.
A. As
B. While
C. Until
D. Once
(5) The girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
A. before
B. until
C. as
D. since
易错警示
till, until和not…until
1.肯定句:主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。如:
He remained there until/till she arrived.他在那里一直等到她来。
You may stay here until/till the rain stop.你可以在这里待到雨停。
2.否定句:主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。如:
He won't go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。
3. till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如:
Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
4. not... until句型中的强调和倒装用法:
(1) It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.(强调句型)
(2)Not until you told me did I have any idea of it. ( not until里于句首，主句要倒装)
精彩笔记8 结果状语从句、目的状语从句及原因状语从句
1.结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so ... that ... , such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ... that ...，such ...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式:
so+形容词/副词+that从句
so+形容词+a /an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+many /much /few /little(少)+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a /an+形容词十可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词+that从句
such+a lot of/lots of+可数名词复数形式/不可数名词十that从句
2.目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so+that(以便，为了),in order that(为了),fear that(担心，害怕),in case(以防)。
3.原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, now that。每个连词的含义不尽
核心题根8 (1)用so或者such填空。
①It is not surprising that little worms eat little grain(谷物).
②Can you believe that in a rich country there should be many poor people?
③He is smart a boy that I like him very much.
思路点拨:考查结果状语从句和so, such的用法。在“so/such ... that ...”中such是形容词，而so是程度副词。
①句意:幼虫吃这么少的谷物并不奇怪。
②句意:你能相信在如此富裕的国家竟然有这么多穷人吗? such是形容词，修饰单数名词时，置于a/an之前;so many是固定搭配。
③“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that+从句”。
(2)句型转换(每空一词)。
He is so young that he can't join the army.
①He is to join the army.
②He is to join the army.
思路点拨:除结果状语从句外，too... to...(太……而不能……),enough to…(达到某种程度可以……),so...as to ...(那么……以至于……)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。如:他起床太晚了，没有赶上那班公共汽车。
He didn't get up early enough to catch the bus.
=He got up too late to catch the bus.
=He got up so late as to miss the bus.
(3)用since, because, as填空。
①I am leaving I am fed up with my boss.
②everyone is here，let's begin our meeting.
③it was late, we took a taxi.
思路点拨:考查since, because, as引导的原因状语从句，只有because语气最强，因果关系明显，能回答why的提问。since和as可以互换，语气弱。
易错警示
such和so:
(1)such是形容词，后面接名词，修饰单数名词时，放于a/an之前。
(2)so是程度副词，后接形容词或副词。
(3)在这几个词组中只能用so; so many, so much, so few, so little。
(4)so当并列连词用时，表示因果关系，意为“所以，因此”。
同类变式8 (1) A Spring Morning is my favorite poem its words are beautiful and I can feel the sense of spring in it.
A. until
B. because
C. though
(2) They develop their skills they can do things better and better.
A. however
B. because
C. since
D. so that
(3) Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as
B. even though
C. in case
D. as if
(4) Everything was placed exactly he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A. while
B. when
C. where
D. though
(5)The police officers in our city work hard the rest of us can live a safe life.
A. in case
B. as if
C. in order that
D. only if
(6) He had his camera ready he saw something that would make a good picture.
A. even if
B. if only
C. in case
D. so that
(7) Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.
A. when
B. where
C. how
D. what
(8) The Great Wall is tourist attraction that millions of people pour in every year.
A. so a well-known
B. a so well-known
C. such well-known a
D. such a well-known
(9)—Did you return Fred's call?
—I didn't need to I'll see him tomorrow.
A. though
B. unless
C. when
D. because
拓展链接
1. so和such的特殊用法
(1)当so或such置于句首时主句要用倒装语序。如:
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems。他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至一于成功地解出了所有难题。
(2)当、或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为:so/such... as to ...。如:
He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
2. so和so that以及so ... that的区别
(1)so用作连词表示“因此，所以”，与therefore相近。
(2)so that和in order that相同，表示目的。
(3)so... that“如此……以至于”，表示结果。
易错警示
(1)so和for表示因果关系与because, since, as不同，前者是并列连词，用于并列句;后者是从属连词，用来引导原因状语从句。
(2)注意:不能因为受汉语思维的影响让because和so同时出现在一个句子里。如:I like apples because they are good for my health. = Apples are good for my health, so I like them.
精彩笔记9 条件状语从句、让步状语从句及其他
(1)引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:if , unless ( = if .. . not如果不;除非……否则)，so /as long as(只要)，in case(万一)。
(2) as , as if引导方式状语从句。
(3) than , as ... as和not as /so ... as引导比较状语从句。
(4) where , wherever(无论哪里)引导地点状语从句。
(5)引导让步状语从句的连词有:①although(=though)尽管，虽然;②even though=even if(即使);③疑问词+ever与no matter+ever(不管……，无论……) ;.whether... or(不管……还是)。
核心题根9 A组
(1) I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly the airlines lower ticket prices.
A. once
B. if
C. after
D. unless
(2) It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties
it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. since
(3) One's life has value one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that
B. no matter how
C. as long as
D. except that
(4) You can borrow my car you promise not to drive too fast.
A. unless
B. even if
C. in case
D. as long as
(5)We wonder if our teachers to our graduating party next weekend. If they ，we'll be very happy.
A. will come; will come
B. come; will come
C. will come; come
D. come; come
思路点拨:考查条件状语从句的用法。要注意主句和从句间的逻辑关系和时态呼应。
(1)句意:我旅行的预算很吃紧，所以不打算坐飞机，除非航空公司降低票价。unless相当于if .., not，符合前后句的逻辑。
(2)句意:希腊政府很难克服目前的困难，除非从欧盟获取更多的经济支持。if如果;unless 除非;because因为;since自从。
(3)句意:只要一个人给其他人的生活带来了价值，他的生命就有价值。so that以便;no matter how无论如何;as long as只要;except that除了。
(4)句意:只要你答应不开得太快，我就可以把车借给你。unless=if ... not如果不，even if 即使，in case以防，这三项均不符合语境。
(5)句意:“我们想知道老师们是否会来参加我们下个周末的毕业聚会。如果他们来的话，我们将会很高兴。”可知前句为含有if引导的宾语从句的主从复合句，其主句为一般现在时态，故从句的谓语动词应根据句末时间状语next weekend使用一般将来时态;后句为含有if 引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，其动词的时态遵循“主将从现”的原则。
B组
(1) The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.
A. whenever
B. whatever
C. wherever
D. however
(2)I don't believe we've met before, I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore
B. although
C. since
D. unless
(3) you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge.
A. However a serious problem
B. What a serious problem
C. However serious a problem
D. What serious a problem
(4) the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him.
A. Although
B. As long as
C. If only
D. As soon as
思路点拨:考查让步状语从句。
(1)句意:人们不论何时去一个新的地方，地图都是最好的工具之一。whenever无论何时;whatever无论什么;wherever无论何地;however无论怎样。
(2)句意:尽管我不得不说你确实看起来面熟，但是我认为我们之前没有见过面。therefore “因此”，为副词，表示因果关系;although“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句;since“既然”，引导原因状语从句;unless“除非，如果不”，引导条件状语从句。
(3)句意:不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。分析题干可知逗号前是让步状语从句，what不能用来引导状语从句，所以排除B,D两项。however+adj. +a/an+单数名词= whatever+a/an+adj.+单数名词。
(4)句意:虽然警察们认为他最有可能是罪犯，但因为没有确凿的证据，他们不能逮捕他。这是一个复合句，although引导状语从句，其余部分为主句，而这个主句又含since they had no exact proof about it这一原因状语从句。
同类变式9 (1) Father won't allow me to play outside I wash up the dishes.
A. if not
B. if
C. unless
D. because
(2)—Look at those clouds!
—Don't worry. it rains，we'll still have a great time.
A. Even if
B. As though
C. In case
D. If only
(3) I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While
B. Once
C. If
D. Until
(4) No matter how , it is not necessarily lifeless.
A. a desert may be dry
B. dry a desert may be
C. may a desert be dry
D. dry may a desert be
(5) Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise.
A. if
B. even though
C. unless
D. as long as
(6) All the photographs in this book, stated otherwise，date from the 1950s.
A. unless
B. until
C. once
D. if
(7) The little boy won't go to sleep his mother tells him a story.
A. or
B. unless
C. but
D. whether
(8) -Do you have a minute? I've got something to tell you. —OK，you make it short.
A. now that
B. if only
C. so long as
D. every time
拓展链接
if在状语从句和宾语从中的易错点:
(1)if在真实条件从句中，通常不用will或shall表示将来，而用现在时表示。
(2)if引导的从句在非真实条件句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
(3)if引导宾语从句，意为“是否，是不是”，从句中的动词时态随主句的时态联动。
跟踪练习
1. There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery
another man, also intelligent，fails.
A. since
B. if
C. as
D. while
2. I was glad to meet Jenny again, I didn't want to spend all day with her.
A. but
B. and
C. so
D. or
3. Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, you
could have problems.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
4. I took my driving license with me on holiday, I wanted to hire a car.
A. in case
B. even if
C. ever since
D. if only
5. small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in over 30 countries.
A. As
B. If
C. Although
D. Once
6. It's not easy to change habits, with awareness and self-control，it is
possible.
A. for
B. or
C. but
D. so
7.I had hardly got to the office my wife phoned me to go back home at
once.
A. when
B. than
C. until
D. after
8.—Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can't you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A. until
B. before
C. as
D. unless
9.It was a nice meal, a little expensive.
A. though
B. whether
C. as
D. since
10. -Someone wants you on the phone.
一nobody knows I am here.
A. Although
B. And
C. But
D. So
11. It is not always easy for the public to see use a new invention can be of to human life.
A. whose
B. what
C. which
D. that
12. Tom was about to close the window his attention was caught by a bird.
A. when
B. if
C. and
D. till
13. To improve the quality of our products, we asked for suggestions had used the products.
A. whoever
B. who
C. whichever
D. which
14. John thinks it won't be long he is ready for his new job.
A. when
B. after
C. before
D. since
15. our manager objects to Tom's joining the club，we shall accept him as a member.
A. Until
B. Unless
C. If
D. After
16. Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please?
A. who
B. what
C. whoever
D. whatever
17. John plays basketball well，his favorite sport is badminton.
A. so
B. or
C. yet
D. for
18. As a new diplomat，he often thinks of he can react more appropriately on such
occasions.
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. how
19. Lose one hour in the morning you will be looking for it the rest of the day.
A. but
B. and
C. or
D. so
20. Unlike watching TV, reading is a highly active process it requires attention as well as
memory and imagination.
A. until
B. but
C. unless
D. for
21. Follow your doctor's advice，your cough will get worse.
A. or
B. and
C. then
D. so
22.一Dad，I've finished my assignment.
—Good，and you play or watch TV，you mustn't disturb me.
A. whenever
B. whether
C. whatever
D. no matter
23. I want to know the thief was caught on the spot.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
24. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and it is rough or smooth.
A./
B. whether
C. how
D. what
25. The cost of living in Glasgow is among the lowest in Britain, the quality of life is
probably one of the highest.
A. since
B. when
C. as
D. while
26.一Why didn't you tell him about the meeting?
一He rushed out of the room I could say a word.
A. before
B. until
C. when
D. after
27. Start out right away，you'll miss the first train.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. while
28. How can you expect to learn anything you never listen?
A. in case
B. even if
C. unless
D. when
29. I grew up in Africa，at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my
life there.
A. and
B. or
C. so
D. but
30. A man cannot smile like a child， a child smiles with his eyes，while a man smiles
with his lips alone.
A. so
B. but
C. and
D. for
31. Between the two generations，it is often not their age，their education that causes
misunderstanding.
A. like
B. as
C. or
D. but
32. matters most in learning English is enough practice.
A. What
B. Why
C. Where
D. Which
参考答案
核心题根1: (1) He left immediately.
(2)We stay at home on Sundays. =(hi Sundays we stay at home.
(3)The little boy ate an apple greedily in the kitchen this morning.
(4)The waiter brought a bottle of beer(直接宾语)to the man(间接宾语).
(5)She showed her husband(间接宾语)her new dress(直接宾语).
(6)We all think him(宾语)an honest boy(宾语补足语).
(7)The house stood empty for years.(句意:这栋房子空置多年。)
(8)After the news, she became very angry.
同类变式1:(1)I went on a trip yesterday/ Yesterday I went on a trip句意:我昨天去旅行了。
(2)It was my first school trip句意:这是我的第一次学校旅行。
(3)We sang happily on the way/On the way we sang happily句意:在路上我们开心地唱歌。
(4)There were many interesting activities句意:有许多有趣的活动。
(5)What a wonderful time we had句意:我们玩得多开心啊!
核心题根2:(1)B (2)B (3)B
同类变式2:(1)D (2)A
核心题根3:B
同类变式3:A
核心题根4:(1)A (2)B
同类变式4:(1)B (2)A (3)A
核心题根5:(1)D (2)D
同类变式5:(1)while (2)when (3)but/yet (4) up and
(5)Not only (6)when
核心题根6:(1)C (2)C (3)A
同类变式6:(1)When/While/As (2)When (3)As (4)when
核心题根7:(1)A (2)D (3)D
同类变式7:(1)D (2)C (3)C (4)D (5)A
核心题根8: (1)①such; so ②such; so ③so
(2)①not old enough ②too young
(3)①because ②Since/As ③Because
同类变式8:(1)B (2)D (3)C (4)C (5)C (6)C (7)B (8)D (9)D
核心题根9:A组(1)D (2)B (3)C (4)D (5)C
B组(1)A (2)B (3)C (4)A
同类变式9:(1)C (2)A (3)A (4)B (5)B (6)A (7)B (8)C
跟踪练习
1-10 DAAACCACAC 11-20 BAACBCCDBD
21-30 ABDBDACDBD 31-32 DA
2011年中考英语代词练习题 一。单项填空 1. Tom， Please pass ________ the glasses. I want to read the newspapers. A. you B. me C. him D. her 2. The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it. A. a little B. little C. a few D. few 3. ---You want ________ sandwich？ ---Yes， I usually eat a lot when I’m hungry. A. other B. another C. others D. the other 4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than _______. A. they B. them C. themselves D. theirs 5. ---Which do you prefer， a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk？ ---______________， thanks. I’d like a cup of tea. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None 6. ---Oh！ I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food. ---Never mind. You can have ________.
一、选择题 1．—Let’s talk about the result of the survey. —________ many students like to watch sports shows, ________ game shows are the most popular. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; although D．But; / 2．The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A．because B．if C．so D．or 3．—Ancient Chinese believed that traveling ten thousand miles is as important as reading ten thousand books. —I agree. It’s just like the popular saying “Make sure that your body your soul（灵魂）is on the way.” A．both; and B．not; but C．neither; nor D．either; or 4．Plan ahead for everything, _______ you will have a hurry life. A．and B．or C．for D．but 5．I really want to go back to my hometown, ________ I don't have time. A．if B．but C．or D．as 6．—Will you go to Nanjing by bus _____ by plane? —By plane. It is expensive ______ fast. A．or; but B．or; and C．and; but D．and; and 7．My grandfather is over 70 ______ he thinks he is very young. A．and B．so C．because D．but 8．The books are in the bookcase ______ the hat is in it, too. A．but B．or C．and D．because 9．The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate. A．so B．or C．but 10．I don’t like running, I like swimming. A．and B．but C．with D．so 11．_____________Jack _____________Jason have visited Shanghai Grand Theatre. A．Neither…nor B．Both…and C．Either…or D．Not only…but also 12．—Can you play soccer? —No, I can't.________I can play basketball. A．But B．Because C．So 13．Taxi Apps（打车软件）can help us travel around more easily.___more and more people like using them. A．Or B．So C．And D．But 14．A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates, so it __________helps with students' health,___________ improves their social skills.
LESSON ONE 句子的三种模式 导言本课的重点是掌握英语的三种基本句型，注意词性和词序，以及定语的位置,同时注意中英文表达上的相同和不相同的地方。三种基本句型虽然简单，但至关重要。掌握好它们，在今后的学习中有一通百通之效。 其实英语只有三种基本句型 ▲主+系动词+表 词序 1 主语 2 系动词 3 表语 即句子的用于连接主语表示主语身份、状态以及主体和表语所处的位置 词性* 名词 代词 Be (is, am, are) * 名词形容词 介词+* 名词(介词短语) 注：*注意该结构中的名词，它们能被定语修饰。 1 这个人是一个老师。The man is a teacher. 主语系表语主语系表语（名词） 2 他（是）很忙。He is busy. 主语系表语主语系表语（形容词）▲注意中文中的系动词经常被省略,而英文中绝不能省。
3 她（是）在教室里。She is in the classroom. 主语系表语主语系表语（介词短语） ▲定语只修饰名词，不破坏句子的基本结构。通常由形容词和介词短语充当，形容词放在所修饰的名词之前，而介词短语放在所修饰的名词之后，请注意英语与汉语词序的不同。看懂中文的定语是翻译好定语的关键。 介词短语 4 幸福是太多和太少之间的一站。--- 英国法学家波洛克 介词短语 Happiness i s a station between too much and too little . -----------Pollock, British jurist 形容词介词短语 5 高个子的男人是从英国来的老师。
形容词介词短语 The tall man is a teacher from England. 介词短语形容词 6. 她在二楼的小教室里。 形容词介词短语 She is i n the small classroom on the second floor. The teacher in the classroom is handsome. My book is o n the deskin the classroom. 表语（介词短语）定语（介词短语）She is in the small classroom on t he second floor.
一、选择题 1．_____ your hands before meals. It’s good____ your health. A．Washing; with B．To wash; at C．Wash; for D．Washes; to 2．Which of the following is right? A．He goes to fishing every weekend. B．I am looking forward to visit Beijing soon. C．Many trees have planted since last year. D．You had better not leave here before I come back. 3．My grandma_________ chickens yesterday but she didn’t _______ them this morning. A．feed, fed B．fed, fed C．feed, feed D．fed, feed 4．We __________ buy the train tickets. We can book one by phone now. A．needn’t to B．don’t need to C．need to D．need 5．My brother ___________ like playing ping-pong. A．isn’t B．not C．doesn’t D．don’t 6．I __________ news. They are boring. A．can’t stand B．like C．love D．don’t mind 7．“ Do you like ice-cream? ” “ No, I don’t. I ______ to be fat. ” A．want B．do want C．not want D．don’t want 8．—Do you like _____ ? —Yes. But I _____ a book now. I’m drawing a picture. A．read;reading B．read;am not reading C．reading;am reading D．reading; am not reading 9．Bob has a TV, but he _____ a computer. A．doesn’t have B．don’t has C．doesn’t has 10．Susan and her classmates__________ to the mountain last week. A．don’t go B．didn’t go C．isn’t going D．aren’t going 11．I ____ like listening to her CDs. They are not good A．not B．doesn’t C．can’t D．don’t 12．If it ________ rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the zoo. A．won’t B．doesn’t C．don’t D．isn’t 13．Dave , we will leave in 10 minutes . Are you ready? No , I our guide book and towels yet . A．don’t pack B．didn’t pack C．have packed D．haven’t packed 14．Tom breakfast. He usually gets up late.
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词 或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间 接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如： He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如：
句子成分分析 在句中起着不同语法作用的成分，叫做句子成分。英语的句子成分有九种： 1、主语（subject）表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，是谓语的陈述对象； 通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任： The sun rises in the east. 日出东方。（名词） He hated to see any bird killed.他讨厌看到鸟儿被杀。（代词） To see is to believe.眼见为实。（动词不定式） Seeing is believing.眼见为实。（动名词） Where we shall hold the party is not decided yet.我们还没有决定在何处举行晚会。（主语从句） It’s human to want something better.精益求精是人类的特性。（不定式） 2、谓语动词（predicate verb）说明主语的动作或状态，由动词或动词短语担任： We study English.我们学习英语。（动词） The car broke down on the way.车在路上抛锚了。（动词短语） Do be quiet,children.孩子们，务必安静点。（助动词+连系动词） We are having a meeting now.我们现在正在开会。（助动词+实义动词） Soldiers must obey orders.军人必须服从命令。（情态动词+实义动词） 3、表语（predicative）说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语，通常由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动名词、分词或从句等担任： The next stop is the zoo.下一站是动物园。（名词） The game is yours.你（们）胜了。（代词） I was first! 我第一名！（数词） I feel terrible.我难受的厉害。（形容词） Is your mother in?你妈妈在家吗？（副词） I’m with you.我站在你这一边。（介词短语） Mary’s task is to set the table.玛丽的任务是摆桌子。（动词不定式） Her hobby is growing roses.她的爱好是种植玫瑰。（动名词） The situation is puzzling.形式令人迷惑不解。（现在分词） Do you feel satisfied with the arrangement?你对这安排满意吗？（过去分词） The fact is that they are cross with each other.事实是他们生彼此的气。（表语从句） That’s where you are wrong.这就是你错的地方（表语从句） He is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的他了。（表语从句） 4、宾语（object）表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容，或用于介词后构成介词短语；通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等担任： May I have your attention ,please.请大家注意。（名词） I want a little.我要一点。（代词） I need two.我需要两个。（数词） Hope to see you soon.希望能很快见到你。（动词不定式） They risk losing everything.他们冒着失去一切的危险。（动名词） He insisted on seeing her home.他坚持送她回家。（动名词作介词的宾语） I’ll do what I can.我将尽力而为。（从句）
中考英语语法复习：句子的种类 句子的种类 一、知识要点 句子就是具有一定的语法结构和语调，用来表达一个比较统统的独立意义结构。句子开头第一个字母要大写，句子末尾要有标点符号。 句子按用途分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1.陈述句：用来陈述一件事情或者某种事实、观点的句子。分为肯定句和否定句两种类型。 肯定句：They often go to school on foot.他们通常步行去上学。 否定句：My father doesn’t watch TV at home after supper.我爸爸晚饭后在家不看电视。 2.疑问句：用来提出疑问的句子。分为大凡疑问句、分外疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句四种类型。 ①大凡疑问句：能够用Yes或者No来回答的疑问句叫大凡疑问句，肯定回答用Yes，否定回答用No。 大凡疑问句的结构是：Be+主语+表语+……?或者是：助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+……? -Are you a teacher?你是老师吗? -Yes, I am.是的，我是。/-No, I am not.不，我不是。 —Does your mother go shopping on Sunday?你妈妈星期天购物吗?-Yes, she does.是的，她经常去购物。/-No, she doesn’t.不，她不经常去购物。 —Must we go at once?我们必须立刻走吗? —Yes, we must.是的，必须走。/—No, we needn’t.不，没有必要。
注意：大凡疑问句也可用表示肯定或否定的词来回答，如certainly(当然)，surely(当然)，of course(当然)，I think so(我想是的)，all right(好吧) certainly not(当然不是), notat all(一点也不), never(从不)，sorry(很抱歉)，not yet(还没有) I’m afraid not(恐怕不是)等。 ②分外疑问句：用来对句子的某一分外部分提问的句子叫分外疑问句。分外疑问句大凡用降调。其结构是：分外疑问词+大凡疑问句(+……)?对它的回答不能用Yes或者No，要根据询问的内容详尽回答。 -Where were you at that time?那时你在哪里?I was at home.我在家。 常用的疑问代词有who(谁)，whom(谁)，whose(谁的)，which(哪一个)，what(什么);疑问副词有when(何时)，where(何地)，why(为什么)，how(如何)以及“how+形容词”构成的短语。 Who is your teacher?谁是你的老师?(指人，作主语) Whom did you telephone to just now?你刚才给谁打电话?(指人，作宾 语)Whose coat is this?这是谁的大衣?(作定语) Which child knows the answer?哪个孩子知道答案?(作定语) What class are you in?你在几班?(指物，作定语) When will you arrive?你什么时候到?(提问时间) Where has he gone?他去了哪里?(提问地点) Why are you late again?你为什么又迟到了?(提问原因) How do you often go to school?你经常怎么去上学? (提问方式) How far is it from your house to your school? (how far提问距离) How often does he go to the French club?他多长时间去一次法语俱乐 部?(howoften提问频率)
---------------------------------------------------------------最新资料推荐------------------------------------------------------ 2011届中考英语语法专项练习题及答案- 2011 届中考英语语法专项练习题及答案2010—2011 学年中考英语专项练习之主谓一致及直接引语和间接引语主谓一致英语中句子的主语要与其后的谓语保持一致，即“主谓一致” 。 一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 【练习导航】Ⅰ. 用适当的 be 动词或助动词填空。 1. Every student _______ got a book. 2. The number of students in the school _______ now rising. 3. A number of boys _______ playing basketball at the moment. 4. There _______ something else in the desk. 5. Tom, together with his mother, _______ gone to New York. 6. The teacher with two students _______ playing sports. 7. This pair of trousers _______ made by my aunt last year. 8. Five months _______ a long time to wait. 9. Here _______ some books. 10. To clean the room _______ your duty. Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 11. When I got there, they each _______ (read) a book. 12. Neither of us _______ (like) the storybook. 13. Everyone except me _______ (go) to the cinema yesterday. 14. A football team often _______ (have) eleven players. 15. No one but my parents _______ (know) the truth. 16. Jim’s family _______ (enjoy) 1/ 98
中考英语必考之中考英语语法连词
透析中考英语语法连词 【连词命题趋势】 根据对连词部分全国各地考试题的分析可知，今后该部分将是重点考查点之一。其考查重点为： 1、并列连词的用法 2、从属连词的用法 3、相似连词的辨析 【考点诠释】 一、考查表示转折对比关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词but （但是），yet (可是)，while(而，另一方面)等连接前后简单句，but常译为‘但是”，“可是”，切不可与从属连词though或although一起使用。 1．but(但是，可是，而，却) 连接两个并列句，有时句中某些词可以省略；连接两个并列成分，可以放在一个句子的句首，后面不接逗号。 【考例】——Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight? ——I'd love to，____I have lots of work to do．[北京市] A so B or C and D．but [答案]D。[解析]考查转折连词。so(表结果)，or(表选择)，ad(表并列)，but(表转折)，根据句意：“我很乐意去，但我还有一些事要做”可推断选but，表转折。It was very cold and windy, _________ those farmers were working hard on the farm.[吉林省]
A. and B. or C. but D. so [答案]C。[解析]考查连词的用法。 but表转折，and表并列，or表选择，So表顺接。根据句意选C。 二、考查表示因果关系的并列连词 这类并列句常用并列连词for，so等连接前后简单句。 1．for在意义上与从属连词because，since和as相同，但它们引导的是原因状语从句，而for则连接两个简单句。由并列连词for引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。for分句主要是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for分句不能用来回答why问句。 2． so意为“因此”、“所以”，但不能与because同时出现在同一个句子中。因为because是从属连词，而so是并列连词，用来连接并列句。其结构为：简单句(原因)+so+简单句(结果)。 【考例】I have been trying my best to study English ________I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics. [太原市] A, until B. because C. though [答案]B。[解析] 本题考查连词的用法。until表示“直到……才”常用来引导时间状语从句；because"因为”用来引导原因状语从句，而though"尽管”用来引导让步状语从句。根据主从句的前后关系判断，应该选用表示原因的B项。 . Ricky caught a "bad cold yesterday, ___________ he had to stay at home. [南京] A. because B. but C. or D. so D because 因为，引导句子；because of因为引导短语But 但是，（表示转折＝however，＝whereas），不能够和though/although连用对不起，除了（＝except） Or 和（ and的否定形式），或者，否则（通常是将来时态，表示结
知识精讲 一、整体把握 成分用法说明位置 主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主 体。 陈述句中放在句首或谓语之前；疑问句或倒装句 中放在动词、助动词、情态动词之后；there be结 构中放在be之后；祈使句中常省 谓语对主语加以陈述，说明主语怎 么样或是什么。必须由动词担 任，其人称和数必须和主语一 致。 通常在主语后（疑问句、倒装句除外）。 表语与系动词连用，一起构成复合 谓语，说明主语的性质、特征、 身份、类别、状态等。 常在系动词之后。 宾语表示动作、行为的对象。一般放在及物动词或介词后。间接宾语通常放在直接宾语之前。直接宾语是人称代词，间接宾语是名词或两个宾语都是人称代词时，间接宾语放在直接宾语之后，并在间接宾语前加to或for。 定语用来修饰名词或代词，说明人 或物的状态、品质、数量及所 属等。 单个词常在被修饰的词前，短语或句子在被修饰 的词之后；副词作定语常放在被修饰的伺候；形 容词修饰不定代词放在被修饰的伺候。 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词，表 示动作发生的时间、地点、目 的、方式等。 位置比较灵活。 补语补充说明宾语或主语的成分。宾语补足语通常置于宾语之后，主语补足语通常置于主语和谓语之后。 同位语对句子中某一成分作进一步解 释、说明，与前面的被修辞成 分在语法上处于同等地位。 常常置于被说明的成分之后。有时可以放在句子 的前面（主语之前），尤其是主语为人称代词时， 为平衡句子的节奏，则把同位语放置于此代词前。 独立成分独立成分是指句子里的一个词 或词组与全局没有语法上的联 系，不属于句子的组成部分； 一般由感叹语、呼语或插入语 等担任。 可放在句首、句中或句末。 二、细讲：主语 表现形式例句
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
初中英语语法专项习题9-时态 1 ( ) 1 -He came early this morning, didn't he? -Yes, he did. He often___ to school early. A. come B. comes C. came D. has come ( ) 2 Ann ____ her hair every week. A. is going to wash B. wash C. washes D. is washing ( ) 3 They usually_____TV in the evening. A. watch B. will watch C. are watching D. watches ( ) 4 The sun ___ in the east and___ in the west. A. raises; set B. rise; sets C. rises; sets D. rises; set ( ) 5 Miss Gao___ English on the radio every morning. A. had studied B. studies C. study D. studied ( ) 6 Our teacher will return by the time school A. will begin B. began C. is beginning D. begins 2 ( ) 1 -I usually have milk and bread for breakfast. What about you, Jim? -So do I, but my sister ___. A. hasn't B. doesn't C. didn't D. won't ( ) 2 -That ten pound note belongs to me. A. Yes, it belongs B. No, it doesn't C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn't ( ) 3 She will go if it ___ tomorrow. A. isn't rain B. don't rain C. doesn't rain D. didn't rain 3 ( ) 1 -_____ they often ___ these old men? -Yes, they___. A. Do; help; are B.Are; helping; are C. Do; help; do D. Are; helped; are ( ) 2 -___ he ___ to work on foot? -Yes, he___. A. Do; go; do B. Does; go; does C. Is; going; does D. Does; go; is ( ) 3 _____ you ___ some speaking in English every day? A. Is; speaking B. Do; do C. Do; does D. Does; do 4 ( ) 1 How ____ it in English? A. you say B. do you say C. to speak D. about talk ( ) 2 ___ you ___ to school every day? A. When; go B. When do; go . C. When did; go D. Does; go ( ) 3 ___ the girl ___ to school? A. Where does; go B. How do; go C. How does; goes D. How does; go 5 ( ) 1 _____ you ___ how to get the bus stop?
一、选择题 1．I’d like to go with you, _____________I’m too busy. A．or B．and C．so D．but 2．__________ Amy likes to go to the cinema, but she doesn’t like to see horror films. A．Since B．As C．Though D．不填 3．Don't came in ____________ you are called. A．after B．until C．since 4．-- I bought Granny a present, ＿＿＿ she didn't like it. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．______ Lucy ______Wendy speaks good English, so they cannot communicate with these British students very well. A．Neither, nor B．Not only, but also C．Both, and D．Either, or 6．-How do you keep healthy? -I don't eat much meat, I do exercise every day. A．or B．so C．but D．and 7．—Have you ever tried food in Singapore? —Yes.______ you like Indian food, Western food ______ Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore. A．Either；or B．Neither；nor C．Both；and D．Whether；or 8．The books are in the bookcase ______ the hat is in it, too. A．but B．or C．and D．because 9．My grandfather is 85 years old. he's in excellent condition. A．Or B．And C．As D．So 10．The supermarket is far away from here, ___________ you'd better take a taxi. A．because B．if C．so D．or 11．The shop isn't open, she can’t buy her favourite chocolate. A．so B．or C．but 12．I have only two tickets of TFBOYS’ concert, ________ you________he can go with me. A．Either; or B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Not only, but also 13．—What kind of music do you like, pop music western music? —I like pop music. A．and B．but C．or 14．I like fruit _________ I don't eat too much. A．and B．but C．because 15．I wear more clothes today, ______ I still catch a cold. A．because B．but C．so D．although 16．His schoolbag _____ his baseball are on the sofa,____ his clock is not. A．and ,and B．but, but
句子成分精讲 句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分：主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置： 一般位于句首，由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.
一、选择题 1．I like English _______it’s very interesting. A．or B．but C．so D．because 2．Don't came in ____________ you are called. A．after B．until C．since 3．I know her, ____________I forget（忘了）her name. A．so B．and C．but 4．Tony is English ________ he is thirteen years old. A．but B．and C．or D．so 5．—Alice didn't go to the party ______her illness. —I'm sorry to hear that. A．because B．but C．so D．because of 6．-How do you keep healthy? -I don't eat much meat, I do exercise every day. A．or B．so C．but D．and 7．---I haven’t read your diary. ---You’re lying. , how do you know what I said about Amy? A．However B．Otherwise C．Moreover D．Instead 8．I quite like noodles_________ my cousin doesn't. A．or B．so C．and D．but 9．Lily Lucy may go with you because one of them must stay at home. A．Not only; but also B．Neither; nor C．Both; and D．Either; or 10．—Ancient Chinese believed that traveling ten thousand miles is as important as reading ten thousand books. —I agree. It’s just like the popular saying “Make sure that your body your soul（灵魂）is on the way.” A．both; and B．not; but C．neither; nor D．either; or 11．My sister _______ I are tidy, _______my brother isn’t. A．and; but B．and; and C．but; but D．but;and 12．The shoes don’t fit me, they are________too big________too small. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．both; and D．not only; but also 13．Jim is good at Maths, _________ his English is bad. A．if B．so C．or D．while 14．I don’t like onions, green tea ______porridge. A．but B．and C．or D．so