Tang Sancai--Tri-colored Glazed Pottery of the Tang Dynasty
中国传统文化之唐三彩
Beautiful Tang Sancai Works can tell us a lot about the colorful life of the Tang people.
Upon mention of Tang Sancai, images of beautiful tri-colored glazed horse figures immediately arise in one's mind and you'll naturally think of the prosperous Tang Dynasty (618-907), as well as Luoyang, the hometown of this unique art.
Wandering through the Tang Sancai Pottery Art Museum in Luoyang, the cultural wealth of the flourishing Tang Dynasty is evident in the exquisite collection. The museum houses more than 100 pieces of fine Tang Sancai pottery, including works that had been taken out of the country long ago. Actually, these Luoyang Tang Sancai works are actually high-quality copies of ancient unearthed relics.
"Sancai" refers to a technique that mainly uses the three colors of yellow, green and white in glazed pottery manufacture. It was most commonly used and developed in the Tang Dynasty, giving it its name "Tang Sancai". Originating in the early period of Tang, it developed and flourished in the mid-Tang Dynasty, before finally declining in the Song Dynasty. The technique was lost for nearly a thousand years.
中国传统文化之中药
What is TCM?
The origins of traditional Chinese medicine can be traced to Shen Nong Shi, a mythological figure from about 5,000 years ago, who sampled hundreds of herbs for use as medicines. The formal history of TCM starts about 2,500 years ago with the Yellow Emperor's Inner Classic, the first written account of its practice.
TCM views a patient's condition as a reflection of the interaction of five elements of nature: wood, fire, earth, metal and
water. The goal is to treat each patient holistically, with prescriptions tailored to the individual patient's condition.
Chinese consumers generally perceive TCM as more effective for disease and chronic illness prevention, and they view
Western medicine as being more effective for acute and serious illnesses.
Another major difference between TCM and Western medicine is that, until recently, TCM has relied on patient experience, not clinical trials, for proof of effectiveness.
TCM combines raw materials, principally herbs, to treat disease. Historically, the formulation incorporated as many as
10,000 ingredients, 90 percent extracted from herbs and 10 percent from animal byproducts and minerals.
Today, practitioners of TCM regularly use around 300 ingredients in their widely available formulations. Any given
formulation requires four to eight ingredients on average.
The principle used for combining ingredients has its origins in the framework of imperial ministerial-assistant-servant, which was documented 5,000 years ago in the Shen Nong Herbal Encyclopedia.
The framework calls for an imperial herb, the chief herb or main ingredient of a formula; the ministerial herb, ancillary to the imperial herb, which augments and promotes the action of the main ingredient; the assistant herb, which reduces side
effects of the imperial herb; and the servant herb, which harmonizes or coordinates the actions of the other herbs.
Although only 10 percent of China's 2 million physicians are trained exclusively in TCM, most medical school students receive some training in the discipline. They can prescribe TCM medicines that have earned State Food and Drug Administration
approval.
中国传统节日之端午节
Dragon Boat Festival
Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanwu Festival and the Double Fifth, is a traditional and statutory holiday in China and has long been celebrated in Singapore and Malaysia. The festival is remembrance of Qu Yuan, an ancient Chinese scholar-statesman, who drowned in 277 B.C. while denouncing widespread government corruption; it was also a means of reminding the public about the importance of health care. In 2006, the tradtional festival was listed as one of China's national intangible cultural heritages. In 2008, it was recognised as a public holiday in Chinese
mainland.
The festival occurs on the 5th day of the 5th month of the lunar
calendar. This is the source of the alternative name of Double Fifth. The
date varies from year to year on the Gregorian calendar. In 2012 it fell on June 23, and in 2013 on June 12. The focus of the celebrations includes eating zongzi (dumplings made of glutinous rice flour), drinking realgar wine and racing dragon boats.
Double Ninth Festival重阳节英文介绍
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chong Yang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. In an ancient and
mysterious book Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes, "6" was thought to be of y in character, meaning feminine or negative, while number "9" was thought to be y ang, meaning masculine or positive. So the "9" in both month and day create Double Ninth Festival, or Chong Yang Festival. The Chinese ancestors considered it an auspicious day worth celebration. That's why Chinese people began to celebrate this festival from ancient times.
The celebration of Chong Yang Festival is colorful and romantic, generally speaking, including activities of outing and enjoying
the scenes, climbing mountains, watching chrysanthemum, wearing dogwood, eating Chong Yang pastry and drinking
chrysanthemum wine, etc.
The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chong Yang Festival, because it has the same pronunciation with the word "Jiu Jiu" (forever) and the number "nine" is the largest number which carries the meaning of "long life". Moreover, autumn also is
golden season for harvest, therefore, this special festival has more than one deep meaning and people have a special affection
towards it since ancient times. There are a lot of famous works of Tang poem and Song poem for celebrating Chong Yang
Festival and intoning chrysanthemum.
Today, Chong Yang has been given new meanings. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival as
Senior's Day, combining the tradition and the modern, which made it become the festival of honoring, loving and helping the
seniors. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities would organize an autumn trip each year for
those who have retired from their posts. At the waterside or on the
mountains, the seniors would find themselves merged into
nature. Younger generations would also bring the elderly to suburban areas or prepare a nice meal for them on this day.
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节英文介绍
(https://www.doczj.com/doc/9b6909366.html,)
The Mid-Autumn Festival is one of the most important festivities in China. According to Chinese lunar calendar, the 15th
day of the 8th month is the exact midst of autumn, so it's called the Mid-Autumn Festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival is an
evening celebration when families gather together to light lanterns, eat moon cakes and appreciate the round moon. On
that night, the moon appears to be at its roundest and brightest. The full moon is a symbol for family reunion, which is why that day is also known as the Festival of Reunion.
The Mid-Autumn Festival celebrations date back to more than 2,000 years ago. In feudal times, Chinese emperors prayed
to Heaven for a prosperous year. They chose the morning of the 15th day of the second lunar month to worship the sun
and the night of the 15th day of the eighth lunar month to hold a ceremony in praise of the moon. In the western district
of Beijing is the Yuetan Park, which originally was the Temple of Moon, and every year the emperor would go there to offer a sacrifice to the moon.
This ancient custom became prevalent in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) when people enjoyed and worshipped the full moon. In the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279), however, people sent round moon cakes to their relatives as gifts in
expression of their best wishes of family reunion. When it turned dark, they gazed up at the full silver moon or went
sightseeing by lakes, to celebrate the festival.
Since the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing dynasties (1644-1911), the custom of Mid-Autumn Festival celebration has become
unprecedentedly popular. Together with the celebration appeared some special customs in different parts of the country,
such as burning incense, planting Mid-Autumn trees, lighting lanterns on towers and fire dragon dances, etc. Whenever the festival sets in,
people would look up at the full silver moon, drinking wine to celebrate their happy life, or thinking of their
relatives and friends far from home and extending all of their best wishes to them.
In mid-autumn, farmers have just finished gathering their crops and bringing in fruits from the orchards. They are
overwhelmed with joy when they have a bumper harvest and at the same time, they feel quite relaxed after a year of hard work. So the 15th day of the eighth lunar month (the Mid-Autumn Festival) has gradually evolved as a widely celebrated
festival for ordinary people.
Night falls. The land is bathed in silver moonlight. Families set up tables in their courtyards or sit together on their balconies, chatting and sharing offerings to the moon. Together, they enjoy the enchanting spell of night. Naturally, they are
reminded of beautiful legends about the moon.
春节
剪纸
大学英语四六级翻译常用词汇汇总1. 中国经济发展 总需求aggregate demand 总供给aggregate supply 企业文化corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司cross-national corporation 创业精神enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业electronic industry 汽车制造工业car industry 娱乐业entertainment industry 信息产业information industry 知识密集型产业knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业light industry 博彩业lottery industry 制造业manufacturing industry 垄断行业monopoly industries 市场多元化market diversification 市场经济market economy 市场监管market supervision 购买力purchasing power 熊市bear market 牛市bull market 城镇化urbanization 房地产real estate 首付down-payment 业主home owner 个人购房贷款individual housing loan 经济全球化economic globalization 经济特区special economic zones (SEZ) 经济增长economic growth 泡沫经济bubble economy 关税tariff 纳税人tax payer 宏观经济macro economy
四六级写作、翻译必背句型 学习步骤和方法：一看二译三比四背 （一）理解并重点掌握其中的常用表达（划线部分） （二）做汉译英练习，即在不看英文的前提下把中文翻译成英语； （三）将自己的译句与原句对照； （四）默写并口头背诵英语原句 特别提醒： 最好要制订进度计划，即具体每天理解和背诵多少个新句，复习多少个旧句。 1. According to a recent survey, each year four million people die from diseases linked to smoking. 依照最近的一项调查，每年有4，000，000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。 2. The latest surveys show that quite a lot of students have unpleasant associations with homework. 最近的调查显示相当多的学生对家庭作业没什么好感。 3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet. 没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。 4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation. 人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。 5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation. 越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。 6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifelong course. 说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终身的过程。 7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness. 许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。 8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and great efforts should be made to protect local environment from the harmful effects of international tourism. 应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境不受国际旅游业的不利影响。 9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrant workers will exert positive effects on construction of city. However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrant workers have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution. 越来越多的专家相信民工对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和卖淫。 10. Many citizens complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time (in) waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers. 许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少，以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车，而车上可能已满载乘客。 11. There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem: the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it. 无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。 12. An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement. 一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休。
写作和翻译：实质就是汉译英：汉译英的障碍就是语法和词汇——语法：语序+嵌套 形式最重要！！！高级词汇+复杂局势+过渡衔接 字数：120~180 核心语法定语从句： A is …, which can … 身份/属性；成就和功能。 爱心：Love is a kind of emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be. 替换词：friendship; knowledge; family; diligence; insisting; determination; optimism; harmony 替换词：合作精神；勤奋；友谊；家庭；坚持；决心；乐观；和谐——the greatest humanistic spirit …是我们时代的主题（the theme of our era） 流行与时尚fashionable 网络：Internet is a kind of great invention in the 20th century, which can make the peoplefar away from each other in distance closer than ever before. 空调：Air-conditioner is a kind of invention in the 20th century, which can make the temperature comfortable. 总结：主题词发出两个动作：性质+能力 看到图怎么办？ 非限定性定语从句——正如这幅第一眼看上去诙谐可笑但第二眼看上去发人深省的图画生动地描述，给我印象最为深刻的显著特征是…… As is vividly depicted in the picture which seems to be humorous and ridiculous but thought-provoking on the second thoughts, the most striking feature that impresses me profoundly is thatSpring, one of the realest men throughout the history of mankind all around the whole world that I have ever seen in my entire life, who is thebest that there ever was and the best that there ever will be, is a good teacher that is momentous and fundamental to anyone who want to win the future what the light is vital and significant to the people who desire to break through the dark，and that can support us to realize our vision and achieve our goals no matter how dark the world around us becomes and how hard the way ahead will be, because without him, we could have done nothing, including dream, success, hope and future. 预测一AHarmoniousDormitoryLife
四六级翻译十大常考句型 冲刺阶段，考生除了要积累大量的翻译常考词汇，还要能灵活运用翻译中的常考句型，从而能够把词汇和句型结合起来，这样才会在翻译句子、段落时如鱼得水，无往不胜。下面将对最常考的十大翻译句型进行详细介绍和解析。 常考句型1：形式主语it句（it is...(for sb) to do/that...） 在这种句型中，it作为形式上的主语，并无实际语义，只是为了满足语法上的需求，避免句子头重脚轻。因此，在汉译英的过程中，如果汉语句子的主语非常长，而谓语部分又相对较短，那么在把它翻译为英语句子时，可以把汉语中的主语以动词不定式的形式或者that从句的形式放在最后，把it作为形式主语。 例：我们城市的多数人将享受免费医疗，这是一定的。 【参考译文】It is certain that free medical care will be given to most people in our city. 常考句型2: 存在句（there be句型） 存在句在英语中用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，大多存在于描述性文章中。因此在汉译英时，如果一句话是表示一种客观存在的描述时，可以采取翻译为存在句的办法。此处的be可以根据汉语意思变化为各种形式如appear to be, seem to be, happen to be, used to be, ought to be, must be。存在句除了典型的there be结构，还可以用其他的系动词如live，stand，lie，come，exist，remain等来替换系动词be。 例：那里曾经有来自其他国家的移民。 【参考译文】There used to be immigrants from other countries. 常考句型3：主谓宾结构句汉语和英语语言体系中都有主谓宾结构（如，中国有着悠久的历史：China has a long history），而且都是语言的基本结构，因此掌握主谓宾句的用法在汉译英时是非常有帮助的。如果看到的汉语句子是非常规整的主谓宾结构，那么在翻译时就可以直接用对应的英语句子来翻译。 例：中国将加速节能产业的发展，使其到2015年成为国民经济的支柱产业。 【参考译文】China will speed up the development of energy-saving industry and make it a pillar of the national economy by 2015. 常考句型4：比较句比较句是英语中很常用的句式，应用范围极其广泛。该句式主要是通过形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级三种形式来对两种或两种以上的事物进行比较。因此如果汉语句中出现“（不）和/像...... 一样”，那么可以用同级比较句“主语+谓语+（not）so/as +形容词/副词原级+as+被比较的对象”；同样，如果句中出现“比......”这个标志性词，那么可以用“主语+谓语+more/less+形容词/副词原级+than+被比较的对象”来表示。而出现“最.......”则需要用最高级比较句“the most/least+形容词/副词+（名词）”。 例：北京大学是中国成立最早、最著名的大学之一。 【参考译文】Peking University is one of the most earliest and most famous universities in China. 其他常考句型 常考句型5：让步状语从句（Although... ; though...） 常考句型6：原因状语从句（...because....） 常考句型7：目的/结果状语从句（so (such)...that...；so that...） 常考句型8：条件状语从句（If...） 常考句型9：递进句（What’s more...；Moreover,...） 常考句型10：结果句（Therefore, ....；..., consequently, ...） 汉语中经常会有一些诸如“因为，尽管，因此，而且，如果”等这样的词来引导一句话，这种情况下，我们可以用英语中对应的状语从句或者逻辑词来对应地表达汉语中的意思。例：中国梦是中国的一个新名词。人们已经开始期待一个“梦想的国度”。因此，在中国人的意识中，中国梦将会取代美国梦。【参考译文】The Chinese Dream is a new term in China. People have begun to expect a “dream country”. Therefore, in the mind of Chinese people, the Chinese Dream will supersede the American Dream.
说明：翻译题目在四六级考试中占5%。为中翻英题目。 翻译题目破题通法： 1、精研2006年6月24日至2009年6月共七套新四级翻译真题，或2006年12月至2009 年6月共六套新六级翻译真题，彻底搞懂每个考点，诸多考点反复重考； 2、背熟四、六级考试核心词组； 3、掌握四、六级翻译核心语法点，如虚拟语气、倒装句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句等。 例题：请在5分钟内填空完毕。 1、Because she knew French, she （比我们有利）. 2、It’s important that the librarian（确认图书按时归还）. 3、The regulations doesn’t (生效) until the first of March. 4、My mother wanted me to （从事教育工作）. 5、After arriving at your new university, the following may assist you in （减轻文化冲击所带来的紧张感）. 1、答案：had an advantage over the rest of us 解析：1）词组：have an advantage of（比…有利） 2）时态：根据前半句的knew，此处应使用一般过去时 2、答案：make sure the books (should) be returned in time 解析：1）从句：主语从句it is important that … 2）虚拟语气：此处主语从句应使用should + 动词原形，should可以省略 3）语态：此处“按时归还”应使用被动语态be returned 4）词组：make sure（确认） 3、答案：come/go into effect 解析：词组：come/go into effect（生效）
1)It is+形容词+that It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life. 可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演着一个重要的角色。 2)It is+形容词+to do/ doing She had said what it was necessary to say. 她已经说了一切有必要说的话。 3)祈使句/名词+and/ or Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination. 努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。 4)as+many/ much+名词+as It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as in Lon-don. 据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。 5)倍数词+as+形容词+as The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago. 这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。 6) 倍数词+ more +名词/形容词十than Smoking is so harmful to personal health that it kills seven times more people each year than automobile accidents. 吸烟对人体健康的危害极大，每年死于吸烟的人比死于车祸的人多七倍。 7)(not)as/ so...as(和……(不)一样)
明星代言问题 目前，我们很难过上一天没有看到一个名人代言人推广产品或一个社会运动在电视，网络或其他媒体。这是一个强烈的流行趋势，我们不能不注意到。 毫无疑问，明星代言人可以提高产品的销售。一个代言人的主机，然而，已经成为一些公司的营销工具，甚至是公司生产和销售假冒伪劣产品。这种行为产生了对消费者和整个社会，应该受到严厉批评和惩罚的负面影响。当然，正如众所周知，任何事物都有明亮和黑暗的方面。一些明星的社会活动和公共宣传提高公众意识认可，引起公众行为的改变。在这种情况下，他们成为广大市民的正面榜样。这些只是一个案例：普国泰，一个家庭的人物，作为中国艾滋病基金会名人的发言人，大大促进了预防艾滋病的事业，在中国治愈。 On the Celebrity Spokesperson (celebrity 名人，名流；名声，著名；知名人士，社会名流。) （spokesperson 代言人；（男/女）发言人。） Currently, we could hardly live a single day without seeing a celebrity spokesperson promoting a product or a social campaign on TV, net or other media. This is an int ensely popular trend that we cannot fail to notice. There is no doubt that the celebrity spokespeople could boost the sale of a product. A host of celebrity spokespersons, however, have emerged as the marketing tool of some companies, even companies producing and selling fake and inferior items. This kind of behavior has produced negative impacts on consumers and whole society, w hich should be severely criticized and penalized. Of course, as is known to all, ever ything has both bright and dark sides. Some stars’ endorsement of social activities and public campaigns raises public awareness, giving rise to changes in public beha vior. In this case, they serve as positive role models of the general public. To nam e only one case: Pu CX, a household figure, acting as the celebrity spokesman of t he China AIDS Foundation, contributes greatly to the cause of AIDS prevention and cure in China. currently 现在；一般；流畅地；目前现在；通称地，普遍地，当前；目前，眼前地。campaign 战役；运动，活动；竞选运动；从事运动；竞选运动；作战，出征。 intensely 强烈地，极度；紧张地，认真地；热情地，热切地。 fail 不及格；失败；失灵，失去作用；（指健康）衰退，变弱，消失；破产，失去支付能力；缺乏，不足，（作物）歉收。 boost 一举，一抬，一推；推动，帮助，促进；提高，增加。 host 主人，东道主；旅馆老板；节目主持人；寄主，宿主；主机。一大群，许多。 emerge 浮现，出现；发生，显露，暴露；摆脱，露头，出头。 fake 伪造，捏造，冒充；假装；欺骗，迷惑；冒牌货，仿造品；冒充者，骗子。 inferior 低等的，下级的；次的，较差的；低于他人者，部下，属下；次品。
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国历史与文化 京居U Peking opera 秦腔Qin opera 功夫Kungfo 太极Tai Chi 口技ventriloquism 木偶戏puppet show 皮影戏shadowplay 折子戏opera highlights 杂技acrobatics 刺绣embroidery 苏绣Suzhou embroidery 泥人clay figure 书法calligraphy 中国画traditional Chinese painting 水墨画Chinese brush painting 中国结Chinese knot 火药gun powder 印刷术printing 造纸术paper-making 指南针the compass 青铜器bronze ware 瓷器porcelain; china 唐三彩tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 景泰蓝cloisonne 秋千swing 武术martial arts 儒家思想Confucianism 儒家文化Con fucian culture 象形文字pictographic characters 文房四宝(笔墨纸观) the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone) 《大学》The Great Learning 《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》The Analects of Confucius 《孟子》The Mencius 《孙子兵法》The Art of War 《三国演义》Three Kin gdoms 《西游爷己》Journey to the West 《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Man sio ns 《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes 《山海经》The Classic of Mou ntai ns and Rivers 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror 《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records 《诗经》The Book of Songs 《易经》The I Chi ng; The Book of Chan ges 《礼记》The Book of Rites 《三字经》Three-character Scriptures 八股文eight-part essay 五言绝句five-character quatra in 七言律诗seve n-character octave 旗袍cheongsam 中山装Chinese tunic suit 唐装Tang suit 风水Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历Solar calendar 阴历Lunar calendar 闰年leap year 十二生肖zodiac 春节the Spring Festival 元宵节the Lantern Festival 清明节the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节the Drag on-boat Festival 中秋节the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节the Double-ninth Day 七夕节the Double-seventh Day 春联spring couplets 庙会temple fair 爆竹firecracker 年画(traditi on al) New Year pictures 压岁钱New Year gift-money 舞龙drag on dance 元宵sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯festival lantern 灯谜Ian tern riddle 舞狮lion dance 踩高跷stilt walking 赛龙舟dragon boat race 胡同hutong 山东菜Shandong cuisine 川菜Sichuan cuisine
四六级逻辑关系词小结 表顺承、补充与递进: and what’s more besides moreover furthermore in addition additionally further（而且，况且） similarly also either too again(另外，还有) what’s worse 【例句】 The rent is reasonable, and moreover, the location is perfect. 表转折： but however yet instead on the other hand（另一方面） on the contrary（相 反地） nevertheless（然而） otherwise after all(毕竟). 【例句】 It’s too hot to go for a walk, let’s go swimming istead. 表因果： for as since now that because thanks/owing/due to because of on account of as a result/consequence of in consequence of result from（vt，由...引起）; 【例句】 We should be more careful, for it is already dark. Let’s stay at home, for it’s raining hard outside. 表让步: although though while even if/though while as 倒装句疑问词 -ever no matter +疑问词 despite in spite of however in any case 【例句】 While I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive. Much as you traveled, rarely can you find such a beautiful place anywhere else. Fail as I did, I would never give up. 表目的: in order to/that so as to for fear that so that(以便) lest in case（以防，以免）. 【例句】 He ran away lest he should be seen. She took an umbrella with her for fear (that) it might rain. Take your umbrella in case it rains. 表条件: if unless once(一旦,用于将来动作) so/as long as（只要） suppose (that) supposing that providing (that) provided (that) assuming (that) given that on condition that（如果） in case+句子 in case of+名词（万一）. 【例句】
四六级翻译的5个技巧 新东方在线 很多同学在四六级备考中会陷入这样的困惑——翻译题没有提高，也不知道怎么提高翻译的分数。新东方在线四六级教研室推出翻译题的五大做题技巧，为大家提供翻译题的做题方法。 1.在翻译前，先确定可以正确理解文章意思。即便遇到很难的说法，也可以先变成简单的中文再进行翻译。 如：年夜饭 译：The annual reunion dinner 析：指过年的那顿团圆饭，每年一次。所以在翻译时要表达出这个团聚的含义 2.注意翻译时态的转换。 如：我在第一段说过，我刚从大学毕业。 译：As I said in my first paragraph, I was fresh from college. 析：中文的时态是依赖一些汉字表达，英文根据动词的变化形式展示。文中的“过”英文采用一般过去时翻译。英语语法是英文的“骨”，语法掌握得不好的同学，可多关注新东方在线四六级推出的专项解析，一起加强英语语法。 3.有些介词可能会帮到忙，比如with+ 名词的结构，就很多见。 如：这里有许多山脉，生长着大片的森林，贮藏着丰富的矿产。 译：There are mountain ranges here with extensive forests and rich mineral resources.
析：生长和储藏这两个动词在译文中并没有以动词的形式翻译，转译为英文的介词 4.应用英语的固定句型，这些句式可以加分，绝对是亮点 如：是巴斯德发现了疾病是由活着的病菌引起的。 译：It was Pasteur who discovered that diseases are caused by living germs. 析：此句应用了英文的强调句进行翻译。 5.分析上下句之间的逻辑关系，添加一些简单的连词，英文的译文会更漂亮 如：汽油贵得惊人，我们就很少用车。 译：Because the price of gasoline was fantastically high, we seldom used our cars. 析：在原文中并没有出现表示原因类的词汇，但是在译文中根据两个句子之间的逻辑关系添加了表示原因的从句连词。 更多翻译干货，敬请关注新东方在线持续推出。
英语四级段落翻译常用词汇：中国经济 总需求 aggregate demand 总供给 aggregate supply 企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture 企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image 跨国公司 cross-national corporation 创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit 外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise 猎头公司head-hunter 假日经济 holiday economy 人力资本human capital 航空和航天工业aerospace industry 飞机制造工业aircraft industry 电子工业 electronic industry 汽车制造工业 car industry 娱乐业 entertainment industry 信息产业 information industry 知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry 国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises 轻工业 light industry 博彩业 lottery industry 制造业 manufacturing industry 垄断行业 monopoly industries 市场多元化 market diversification 市场经济 market economy 市场监管 market supervision 购买力 purchasing power 熊市 bear market 牛市 bull market 城镇化 urbanization 房地产 real estate 首付 down-payment 业主 home owner 个人购房贷款 individual housing loan 经济全球化 economic globalization
第四章翻译的技巧篇 “技巧”，按照《辞海》的释义，指“较高的技能”。《高级汉语大词典》指“巧妙的技能”。在《牛津高阶英语词典》（第六版）中，technique指“a particular way of doing sth, especially one in which you have to learn special skills”。所谓的翻译技巧，说到底就是对语言差异的“灵巧”处理（孙致礼，2003：81）。译文要获得理想的传播效果，就必须讲究表达的技巧和方法。翻译技巧，是一种熟练而巧妙的技能。它是译者熟练而巧妙地运用各种翻译手法，完美地表达思想内容的技能。普通心理学认为，技能是在个体身上固定下来的自动化的行动方式，是一些巩固了的概括化的系统，它以操作训练的方式为人所掌握，是后天获得的东西。它可以在长期反复的“操作训练”中为人所掌握。 总结归纳各种翻译教科书里的翻译技巧，其最基本的有如下几种：拆译、词性转译、精简、增补、倒置、反译、虚译和实译、词语褒贬翻译、被动式翻译、数字倍数翻译等。这些翻译技巧互相穿插，互为补充。同一个句子的翻译，可以用几种技巧加以解释或运用，即它可以是拆译、词类、句法转换、增补等。试以下面段落翻译为例，说明翻译的各种技巧是紧密结合的。 “Her presence brought memories of such things as Bourbon roses, rubies, and tropical midnights; her moods recalled lotus eaters and the march in ‘Athalie’; her motions, the ebb and flow of the sea; her voice, the viola.” “看见她的神情，就叫人想起布邦玫瑰、鲜红的宝石和热带的中夜；看见她的意态，就叫人想起食莲人和‘亚他利’里的进行曲；她的步伐就是海潮的荡漾，她的声音就是中提琴的幽婉。”—张谷若译文 评析：译文打破了原文形式的框架，重新组织句式，变动词性，增减词语。通过这些技巧，译文达到了神似，并使之具备了一种对偶的语言美。再比如： On one of those sober and rather melancholy days in the latter part of autumn, when the shadows of morning and evening almost mingle together, and throw a gloom over the decline of the year, I passed several hours in rambling about Westminster Abbey. There was something congenial to the season in the mournful magnificence of the old pile; and, as I passed its threshold, it seemed like stepping back into the regions of antiquity, and losing myself among the shades of former ages. 时方晚秋，气象肃穆，略带忧郁，早晨的阴影和黄昏的阴影，几乎连接在一起，不可分别，岁云将暮，终日昏暗，我就在这么一天，到西敏寺去散步了几个钟头。古寺巍巍，森森然似有鬼气，和阴沉沉的季侯正好调和；我跨进大门，觉得自己已经置身远古，相忘于古人的鬼影之中了。 评析：译者没有拘泥原文的语序、用语，而是充分发挥译语的语言优势，如句读短，用语简洁等，并综合运用增词、减词、词类转换等技巧，将原文的意义和神韵，通过铿锵的音调，肃穆森然的气氛，传达得淋漓尽致。
大学英语四六级翻译高频词汇：节日篇 元旦New Year's Day 情人节Valentine's Day 国际妇女节International Women' Day 植树节Tree Planting Day 愚人节April Fools' Day 国际劳动日International Labor Day 中国青年节 Chinese Youth Day 国际儿童节International Children's Day 中国共产党成立纪念日 Anniversary of the Founding of the Communist Party of China 中国人民解放军建军节Army Day 中华人民共和国国庆节National Day 中国教师节Teacher's Day 万圣节Halloween 母亲节Mother's Day 农历正月初一春节(the Spring Festival) 农历正月十五元宵节(Lantern Festival) 农历五月初五端午节(the Dragon-Boat Festival) 农历七月初七乞巧节(中国情人节)(Double-Seventh Day) 农历八月十五中秋节(the Mid-Autumn Festival) 农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival) 农历腊月初八腊八节(the laba Rice Porridge Festival) 春联 Spring Festival couplets 年画 New Year pictures 剪纸paper-cuts 除夕 the eve of the lunar New Year 守岁 stay up late on the New Year’s Eve 放爆竹 let off firecrackers 拜年 pay a New Year visit 团圆饭 family reunion dinner
英语作文 学号：20153042 姓名：王丹 专业：食品加工与安全
Being Great by Doing Small Things There is no doubt that many people want to be great and successful, but only a few can climb to the top and be admired by the world. However, it doesn’t mean that most of us are losers. Actually everyone can achieve high by doing small things in a great way. 毫无疑问，很多人都想取得伟大的成就，但只有少数人能登上世界的顶端，受到世人的钦佩。然而，这并不意味着我们中的大部分人都是输家。其实每个人都可以通过一个伟大的方式来实现小事情。 We have to admit that there are something that we cannot accomplish right now, but it isn’t the excuse for us to stop trying. Being great needs time and patience, so only when all small accomplishments add up can many impossibilities gradually turn to possibilities. At least, one won’t regret for not making effort to achieve the goal. For example, one may doesn’t have the resources or training on how to be a world-class musician, but by constant practice of every short piece of music, he can still bring happiness, comfort and inspiration to his family members and friends, then this person is great in the eyes of the audiences. 必须承认，这些事情我们现在无法完成，但这不是我们停止尝试的理由。成功是需要时间和耐心，所以只有当我们所有小成就叠加起来，成功的可能性就可以大很多。至少，你不会后悔没有努力实现目标。例如，一个人可能没有如何成为一个世界级音乐家