上海中学2017学年高一第一学期期末考试
I. Grammar
1.I ,who ____your friend, will try my best to help you.
【A】being
【B】is
【C】am
【D】be
【答案】C
2.Sensible praise is to children_____the sun is to flowers.
【A】where
【B】as
【C】like
【D】what
【答案】D
3.The reason_____Tom gives for being late is that the traffic is too heavy.
【A】why
【B】that
【C】for which
【D】whether
【答案】B
4.It is important to make a pause______there is a full stop when you are reading.【A】where
【B】in which
【C】that
【D】at which
【答案】A
5.Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,______was very reasonable.
【A】which price
【B】the price of which
【C】its price
【D】the price of whose
【答案】B
6.The students are encouraged to read such books______good for them in forming good habits.【A】that are
【B】as they are
【C】as are
【D】that they are
【答案】C
7.The customer could hardly find sufficient grounds______his argument in favour of his complaint.【A】which to be based on
【B】to base on which
【C】on which to base
【D】which to base on
【答案】C
8.The basis of shame is not some personal mistake of ours,_____this humiliation is seen by everyone.【A】but
【B】but that
【C】although
【D】because
【答案】B
9. A child notices a thousand times a day the difference between the languages he uses and the language_____around him use.
【A】who
【B】which
【C】that
【D】those
【答案】D
10.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose_____we want to shape our outlook and our expectations.
【A】what
【B】which
【C】that
【D】when
【答案】B
11.The second kind of love is mutual love_____the one who loves desires not only the happiness of his beloved, but has an eye to his own happiness also.
【A】which
【B】when
【C】in which
【D】for which
【答案】C
12.Some scholars argue that a large population makes_____would otherwise be unprofitable, especially railroads, highways, irrigation systems and ports.
【A】it profitable that many social investments
【B】many social investments profitable that
【C】many profitable social investments that
【D】profitable many social investments that
【答案】D
13. Amy had prepared for the interview thoroughly so that she was confident that she would get the job on her first___.
【A】intention
【B】attempt
【C】purpose
【D】desire
【答案】B
14.Strong winds and loose rocks made climbing_____.
【A】treacherous
【B】transatlantic
【C】single-handed
【D】fortune
【答案】A
15.North Carolina was _____the hardest-hit of the states hit by Saturday’s storms.
【A】so far
【B】by far
【C】by itself
【D】other than
【答案】B
I Grammar
Norman Percevel Rockwell was a 20th-Century American author,painter and illustrator.
(1)____________works have a broad popular appeal in the United States for their reflection of American culture. Rockwell is most famous for the cover illustrations of everyday lifehe created for the Saturday Evening Post magazine over nearly five decades.(2)____________ the best-known of Rockwell’s works are the Willie Gillis series. He also is well known for his 64-year relationship with the Boy Scouts of America(BSA), (3)________ _______ he produced covers for their publication Boy’s Life, calendars and other illustrations.
Norman Rockwell was a productive artist,producing more than 4000 original works in his lifetime. Most of his work either are in public collection, or(4)____________(destroy)in fire or other misfortune. Rockwell also was employed to
Illustrate more than 40 books, including Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn as well as painting the portraits for presidents Eisenhower, Kennedy, Johnson, and Nixon.
Rockwell’s work was dismissed(不以为然）by serious art critics in his lifetime. Many of his works(5)____________(appear)overly sweet in the opinion of modern critics, especially the Saturday Evening Post Covers, (6)____________tend to idealistic portrayals of American life. Consequently, Rockwell is not considered a “serious painter”by some contemporary artists. He is called an “illustrator”(7)________ ________an artist by some critics, a designation he did not mind, as that was (8)____________he called himself.
In his later years, however, Rockwell began receiving more attention (9)____________a painter when he chose more serious subjects such as the series on racism for Look magazine. One example of this more serious work is The Problem We All Live With, which dealt with the issue of school racial integration. This painting (10)____________(display)in the White House in 2011.
1. his
2. Among
3. in which
4. have been destroyed
5. appear
6. devoted
7. will be flown
8. a
9. its10. as11. that12. or
13. after14. that 15. anything
【分析】
1.形容词性物主代词修饰名词，特指他的作品。
2.此句为倒装句结构，介词短语提前到句首要用倒装，谓语动词为后面的are，此句意思为Rockwell最知名的作品之一为Willie Gillis 系列。
3.判断为定语从句，修饰64-year relationship，故关系词为时间状语，用in which引导。
4.判断为谓语动词，因为已经被毁坏了，表示对现在的影响，所以用完成时，并且为被动。
5.判断为谓语动词，appear在这里为系动词，意思为看上去，不及物，所以是主动。
6.判断为非限定性定语从句，又因为从句缺主语，所以用which
7.介词。他被一些评论家认为是一个插画家而不是一个艺术家。
8.表语从句，缺宾语，因为是call sb sth，故用what。
9.介词，意为作为
10.谓语动词，时间状语in 2011，并且是被展示，所以是was displayed
II Vocabulary
From the Archive ,29 May 1967:
Francis Chichester Sails into the Record books Plymouth, Sunday.
Sir Francis Chichester sailed home tonight with a good West wind behind him.Gipsy Moth IV crossed her(1)____line by the breakwater at 8.55pm. Precisely,119 days out of Sydney.
She came, not lonely any more but, with a lot of boats and aircraft to(2) _____her along and with a huge crowd--not half million, but plenty--on the Hoe to cheer her in. It was almost dark and these people had waited all day, and no man could have a warmer (3)______than that.
Sir Francis stepped ashore at 10.01pm. And the Lord Mayor Alderman Frank Chapman, guided him through the crowds to the (4)_____car waiting to take them to Plymouth Guildhall.
Alderman Chapman said:“we all thank God for your return to Plymouth. We (5)______now you will have some peace and quiet.”
Sir Francis responded:“I certainly agree, with your last sentence, although after four months alone you would have thought I would have had enough peace and quiet. I look forward very much to tasting some of the delight of shore life as a(6) ______from sea life.
It gives me (7)______pleasure to return to Plymouth. As i look back and think of the great sailors who have left from Plymouth, to be (8)_____as one of these is a great honour for me.”
He said he’d been scared at Cape Horn and that he only (9)______down there in a small boat with good luck. Someone asked him whether he would be prepared to go out alone again.“not for a week.”he shot back.
Then he asked to be excused and they left him go. A(n)(10)______man,but now a very tired man-a man who had crossed a wide sea in a small boat and to whom, the Lord had been very good.【答案】1-5:AC BC A B BD 6-10: AD AB C AE E
【分析】
1.考察形容词。Finishing line 表示终点线
2.考察动词。不定式后面应填动词原形
3.考察动词。had a warmer welcome 表示热烈的欢迎
4.考察形容词。在这里open做形容词表示开着门多的车
5.考察动词。此处表示我们现在希望你将会有一些宁静
6.考察名词。此处表示作为一个改变
7.考察形容词。表示巨大的欢乐
8.考察动词。regard as 表示视为的意思
9.考察动词。survive down 表示生存下来
10.考察形容词。表示一个坚强的、不屈不挠的男人
III Cloze
People live in cities are starting to get a lot more information to help plan their daily lives. Smaller cities
systems are telling residents about traffic jams, the time the next bus will arrive, the
(1)__________for flooding, and other useful updates.
This is happening because cities are(2)____________ the stream of information from sensors(传感器）to manage urban system better. The number of (3)____________like these sensors will reach 50 million by 2020. Cities are complex systems of systems that have always (4)________vast amounts of information. Information flowing in from many small subsystems, such as local flood catch-basins, is integrated(整合) with other (5)__________to provide guidance on the overall operation of a city. This integrated data, from such systems of systems, is then given to city administrators in useful formats that can(6)_________city living for the better.
(7)__________, in many cities, the coming population growth will challenge even the most skilled city managers, and the old infrastructure (基础设施）of many such cities is not equipped with the abilities to gather the data needed to(8)________city operations. Despite the seeming (9)__________of data gathering infrastructure, another option exists considering the shift from desktop computing to mobile devices and tablets.
Mobile technology has (10)_______dramatically in the past decade to the point where a lightweight smartphone may gather all kinds of data, such as its location,local temperature and background noise levels. Furthermore, in the near future, additional(11)________are easily imagined, where sensors will be able to detect chemical pollution, local lightning
conditions,vibration levels and more.
This will enable a new era where citizens are able to participate in city management, where the very data required to improve city operations is in part(12)________provided by its citizens via smartphone apps.
It also raises complex social issues that must be (13)________as we face this new area, but similarly provides opportunities for the citizens to play an active role in the (14)________of their community, not only in the reporting of critical environmental and transportation data, but in taking an active role in solving problems they have encountered.
It will be a(15)________and informed effort, with information technology enabling social transportation, to address the growing challenges facing our cities in the coming decades.
1. A. reason B. potential C. hope D. occasion
2. A. creating B. enlarging C. enriching D. employing
3. A. instruments B. applications C. devices D. machines
4. A. delivered B. generated C. sensed D. connected
5. A. source B. occasions C. majors D. means
6. A. change B. challenge C. pull D. decide
7. A.Therefore B. Besides C. However D. Thus
8. A. guide B. apply C. advise D. order
9. A. specialty B. need C. decrease D. lack
10. A. marched B. reformed C. advanced D. increased
11. A. talents B. capabilities C. qualities D. performances
12. A. accidentally B. surprisingly C. willingly D. determinedly
13. A. left behind B. passed on C. done away with D. dealt with
14. A. improvement B. construction C. unity D. creation
15. A. competitive B. celebrative C. responsive D. cooperative
【答案】1-5:BDCBA 6-10: ACADC 11-15: BCDAD
【分析】
1.考察名词，potential意思为潜在，可能的，这里的意思是潜在的洪水的危险。
2.考察动词。考察单词的语境理解，employ在这里意为使用，城市使用来自传感器的大量信息为了更好地管理城市系统。
3.考察名词。根据后文like these sensors，得知应该是设备。
4.考察动词。That引导定语从句，修饰systems，城市的系统能够产生大量信息
5.考察名词，根据前半句，这一句都在讲信息的来源。
6.考察动词。固定搭配，change sth for the better改善。
7.考察前后文逻辑。前一段为理论，后一段为现实的不足，前后两段呈现对比关系，所以用however。
8.考察动词，词意辨析，guide指导apply运用advise建议order 命令根据上下文，此处指导最为合适
9.考察名词。考察前后文呼应，因为前一句提到了旧的基础设施没有具备收集信息的能力，所以这里是lack
10.考察动词。前后文呼应。根据后面手机的例子，得知所要阐述的是移动技术在过去几年的飞速提升。,
11.考察名词。Capability意为能力，该处指的是移动技术在未来可能会有的额外的一些能力
12.考察副词。意思是市民自愿提供数据，改善城市的运作。
13.考察词汇搭配，deal with issues 处理问题。
14.考察名词，词义复现，前一段提到了improve city operations，这里考察了名词
15.考察形容词，根据前后文，前文提到解决这个问题需要市民的共同努力。
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
A
When you bring a pet into your life, you begin a journey — a journey that will bring you more love and devotion than you have ever known, yet also test your strength and courage.
If you allow, the journey will teach you many things, about life, about yourself, and most of all, about love. You will come away changed forever, for one soul cannot touch another without leaving its mark.
Along the way, you will learn much about savoring life’s simple pleasures — jumping in leaves, snoozing in the sun, the joy of puddles, and even the satisfaction of a good scratch behind the ears. If you spend much time outside, you will be taught how to truly experience every element, for no
rock, leaf or log will go unexamined, no rustling bush will be overlooked, and even the very air will be inhaled, pondered, and noted as being full of valuable information. Your pace may be slower — except when heading home to the food dish — but you will become a better naturalist, having been taught by an expert in the field.
Too many times we hike on automatic pilot, our goal being to complete the trail rather than enjoy the journey. We miss the details — the colorful mushrooms on the rotting log, the honeycomb in the old maple snag, the hawk feather caught on a twig. Once we walk as a dog does, we discover a whole new world. We stop; we browse the landscape; we kick over leaves, peek in tree holes, look up, down, all around. And we learn what any dog knows: that nature has created a marvelously complex world that is full of surprises, that each cycle of the seasons brings ever-changing wonders, each day an essence all its own.
Even from indoors you will find yourself more attuned to the world around you. You will find yourself watching summer insects collecting on a screen (How bizarre they are! How many kinds there are!), or noting the flicker and flash of fireflies through the dark. You will stop to observe the swirling dance of windblown leaves, or sniff the air after a rain. It does not matter that there is no objective in this; the point is in the doing, in not letting life’s most important details slip by.
You will find yourself doing silly things that your pet-less friends might not understand: spending thirty minutes in the grocery aisle looking for the cat food brand your feline must have, buying dog birthday treats, or driving around the block an extra time because your pet enjoys the ride. You will roll in the snow, wrestle with chewie toys, bounce little rubber balls till your eyes cross, and even run around the house trailing your bathrobe tie — with a cat in hot pursuit — all in the name of love. Your house will become muddier and hairier. You will wear less dark clothing and buy more lint rollers. You may find dog biscuits in your pocket or purse, and feel the need to explain that an old plastic shopping bag adorns your living room rug because your cat loves the crinkly sound.
You will learn the true measure of love — the steadfast, undying kind that says, “It doesn’t matter where we are or what we do, or how life treats us as long as we are together.” Respect this always. It is the most precious gift any living soul can give another. You will not find it often among the human race.
And you will learn humility. The look in my dog’s eyes often made me feel ashamed. Such joy and love at my presence. She saw not some flawed human who could be cross and stubborn, moody or rude, but only her wonderful companion. Or maybe she saw those things and dismissed them as mere human foibles, not worth considering, and so chose to love me anyway.
If you pay attention and learn well, when the journey is done, you will not be just a better person, but the person your pet always knew you to be — the one they were proud to call beloved friend.I must caution you that this journey is not without pain. Like all paths of true love, the pain is part of loving. For as surely as the sun sets, one day your dear animal companion will follow a path you cannot yet go down. And you will have to find the strength and love to let them go.
1.The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the emotional sufferings from death
B. different cultures' attitudes toward death
C. Americans' attitudes toward death
D. methods to avoid death
【参考答案】 B
【测量目标】主旨大意题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】据文章第一段第一句Much of the American anxiety about old age is a purposeful distance from the reality of death.可知。
2.In the novels of many famous writers, one will find ______.
A. ordinary American death attitudes
B. a willingness to accept death as a fact of life
C. the relationship between lovers
D. the reason for ordinary Americans' beliefs about death
【参考答案】 C
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章One of the striking qualities of the American character is the unwillingness to face either the fact or meaning of death. On the contrary, in the novels of many famous American writers—from Hawthorne to Faulkner and Hemingway—one finds a tragic depth that is under the surface thinness of the ordinary American death attitudes.可知。
3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Unwillingness to face death is a quality of the American character.
B. Ordinary Americans avoid saying the word "die" directly.
C. Americans are afraid of the death topics because of the possible emotional pains it causes.
D. Most Americans can't explain the causes of death scientifically.
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】在文章第二段1,2行Out of fear of the emotional sufferings, the American ordinary people avoid topics about death. They surround death with word avoidance. Americans never “die”.
4.Margaret Mead suggests that ______.
A. we should not be joyful at a birth
B. we should avoid funeral as it is connected with death
C. a wedding should be quiet and peaceful.
D. death should be accepted in the same spirit as marriage and birth
【参考答案】D
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】 根据文章“To my disappointment, we, American people, sing over birth and dance at weddings,” says Margaret Mead, a famous American anthropologist (人类学家), “but more and more push the death off the scene without ceremony, without an opportunity for young and old to know that death is as much a fact of life as is birth.”可知。
B
1. What do you think is the main aim of this advertisement? A . To tell people how to win products. B . To invite people to sign up for the Jaron Privilege Card. C . To encourage children to participate in its Karaoke Contest. D . To announce that Teen Titans are taking part in the Karaoke Contest 【参考答案】 D 【测量目标】 主旨大意题。 【难度等级】 难 【思路解析】 根据文章“Take part in this contest and you could walk away with $50 worth of products. To participate, register at the Information Counter one hour prior to the contest with a $20 shopping receipt made on the same day as contest date. Limited to the first 25 children who sign up for the category”可知。
2. What can you expect to get in the Creative Coloring Challenge Contest?
A . 50 dollars cash. B. 2000 dollars cash.
C . Teen Titan toys. D. 50 dollars’ worth of products.
【参考答案】 B
【测量目标】 细节题目。
【难度等级】 易
【思路解析】 根据文章“Prizes (Each category)Champion: $2000 catmab Karaoke System 1st Runner up: $1000 cash. BMB Microphone System..”可知。
Creative Coloring Challenge Centerstage, Level I Take part in this contest and you could walk away with $50 worth of products. To participate, register at the Information Counter one hour
prior to the contest with a $20 shopping receipt made on the same day as contest date. Limited to the first 25 children who sign up for the category. Be a Superstar Join the Children’s
Karaoke Competition The search for Jaron Point’s Superstar is on and everybody wants a piece of the action. Even the stars from the popular cartoon series "Teen Titans" are in town. Pick up a contest form at Jaron point’s Information counter or download form from https://www.doczj.com/doc/a4335105.html, or call our competition hotline 62939765. Details of the Children's
Karaoke Competition Categories: Junior Category: 7-9 years old
Senior Category: 10-12 years old Prizes (Each category) Champion: $2000 cash. BMB Karaoke System 1st Runner up: $1000 cash. BMB Microphone System. 2nd Runner-up: $500 cash. BMB Mixer. Jaron Point Privilege Card Sign up for Jaron Privilege Card from now till 30 June and stand a chance to win one of 3 OSIM unzips LET THE KIDS TAKE CENTRESTAGE Leading Sponsor: BMB
Sponsors: Hush Puppy, McDonald ’s, Guardian Visit Toys "R" Us Now! Grab your favorite Teen
Titans toys at Toys "R" Us. Meet the TEEN TITANS Only at Jaron Point. See you at your place.
3.Which one of the statements is NOT TRUE?
A. There are four leading sponsors.
B. Only children aged 7 to 12 have a chance to be a superstar.
C. You can buy Teen Titan toys at Toys "R" Us.
D. The second place of the Children's Karaoke Competition can win 1000 dollars and a BMB
microphone system.
【参考答案】C
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“The search for Jaron Point’s Superstar is on and everybody wants a piece of the action. Even the stars from the popular cartoon series "Teen Titans" are in town.可知。
4.Which one of the following ways can NOT enable you to sign up for the Karaoke contest?
A. Call the hotline at 62939765.
B. Download the form from https://www.doczj.com/doc/a4335105.html,
C. Collect the form from the Jaron Point's Information Counter.
D. Register one hour before the contest on the day of the competition.
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“”Jaron Point Privilege Card Sign up for Jaron Privilege Card from now till 30 June and stand a chance to win one of 3 OSIM unzips可知。
C
Not so long ago, most people didn’t know who Shelly Ann Francis Pryce was going to become. She was just an average high school athlete. There w as every indication that she was just another American teenager without much of a future. However, one person wants to change this. Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness. Her time were not exactly impressive, but even so, he seemed there was something trying to get out, something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking. He decided to offer Shelly Ann a place in his very strict training seasons. Their cooperation quickly produced results, and a few year later at Jamaica’s Olympic games in early 2008, Shelly Ann, who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world, beat Jamaica’s unchallenged queen of the sprint.
“Where did she come from” asked an astonished sprinting world, before concluding that she must be one of those one-hit wonders that spring up from time to time, only to disappear again without signs. But Shelly Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one-hit wonder. At the Beijing Olympic she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 meters Olympic gold. She did it again one year on at the World Championship in Briton, becoming world champion with a time of 10.73--- the fourth record ever.
Shelly-Ann is a little woman with a big smile. She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance. Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless. She grew up in one of Jamaica’s toughest inner-city communities known as Waterhouse, where she lived in a one-room apartment, sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers. Waterhouse, one of the poorest communities in Jamaica, is a really violent and overpopulated place. Several of Shelly-Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings; one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived. sometimes her family didn’t have enough to eat. Maxime’s early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty. One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly-Ann was taking her to the track, and she was ready to sacrifice everything.
It didn't take long for Shelly-Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse. On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008, all those long, hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit. The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty, surrounded by criminals and violence, had written a new chapter in the history of sports.
But Shelly-Ann’s victory was far greater than that. The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighboring streets stopped. The dark cloud above one of the world’s toughest criminal neighborhoods simply disappeared for a few days. I have so much fire burning for my country, “Shelly said. She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community canter in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.
As Muhammad Ali puts it, “ Champions aren't made in gyms. Champions are made from something they have deep inside them. A desire, a dream, a vision.” One of the things Shelly-Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth.
1. Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly-Ann?
A. He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble.
B. He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses.
C. She had big problems maintaining her performance.
D. She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“Stephen Francis observed then eighteen-year-old Shelly Ann as a tract meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginning of true greatness.可知。
2. What did the sprinting world think of Shelly-Ann before the 2008 Olympic Games_________.
A. She would become a promising star.
B. She badly needed to set higher goals.
C. Her sprinting career would not last long.
D. Her talent for sprinting was known to all.
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“I have so much fire burning for my country,可知。
3. What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track？
A. Her success and lessons in her career.
B. Her interest in Shelly-Ann’s quick profit.
C. Her wish to get Shelly-Ann out of poverty.
D. Her early entrance into the sprinting world.
【参考答案】D
【测量目标】细节题。
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】根据文章“The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing, the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighboring streets stopped..可知。
4. What can we infer from Shelly-Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5？
A. She was highly rewarded for her efforts.
B. She was eager to do more for her country.
C. She became an athletic star in her country.
D. She was the envy of the whole community.
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community canter in Waterhouse. She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons. She intends to fight to make it a woman’s as well as a man’s world.可知。
5. By mentioning Muhammad Ali’s words, the author intends to tell us that_____ .
A. players should be highly inspired by coaches
B. great athletes need to concentrate on patience
C. hard work is necessary in one’s achievements
D. motivation allows great athletes to be on the top
【参考答案】C
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn’t afford shoes. Her mother Maxime, one of a family of fourteen, had been an athlete herself as a young girl but, like so many other girls in Waterhouse, had to stop after she had her first baby.可知。
D
Over the past half century, the total of neuroscience Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes employers and the self-employed. Labor is one of the country's resources which can be combined with other resources to produce the goods and services wanted by the community.
Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population, there are several other influences which also affect it. The age distribution(分布) of the total population has a very marked effect on the available workforce. If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an balanced spread age distribution. If the population naturally grows rapidly, the number of births greatly exceeds (超出) the number of deaths then as a total population increases proportion of the workforce declines.
Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly, and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it. In that situation the population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
The age distribution of the population has several important effects on the economy. If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes, finance must be available for that purpose. If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax revenue (税收) is relatively low and either the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
1.In the passage "labor force" is defined as ______.
A. people who are available to work and earn income
B. self-employed people only
C. people who are looking for an employment
D. employers who create job opportunities
【参考答案】A
【测量目标】推理题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“根据第一段第一句话Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income．可知。
2.The conclusion which can be drawn from the second paragraph is that ______.
A. a natural growth of population leads to a balanced workforce
B. a large population does not necessarily mean a higher proportion of workforce
C. the larger the population, the higher the proportion of the workforce
D. the workforce will be lower, if the population has a balanced age distribution
【参考答案】B
【测量目标】推断题。
【难度等级】难
【思路解析】根据文章“Although the size of the workforce depends a great deal on the size of the total population，there are several other influences which also affect it.可知。
3.When a population is said to be aging, ______.
A. there are more people retiring than those entering the workforce
B. the birth rate must be growing
C. there should be an oversupply of workforce
D. There are more people entering the workforce than those retiring
【参考答案】A
【测量目标】细节题。
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】根据文章“Sometimes a population is described as aging which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly and as people retire from the workforce there are insufficient numbers of young people entering it to replace those who are leaving it.可知。
4.The population which is top-heavy with older people ______ of a country.
A. leads to the high rate of unemployment
B. results in low tax on the workforce members
C. affects employees' incomes
D. places pressure on the economy
【参考答案】C
【测量目标】细节题。
【难度等级】易
【思路解析】根据文章“If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group可知。
V Translation
1.一看到人，那些小鸟就四散飞走了。（sight）
2.有时候，我们因为辜负了别人的期望而感到尴尬。（expectation）
3.据说那个勤奋的牧羊人在严冬救起了一个落水的小孩。（drown）
4.令我们失望的是，那家总部坐落于十字路口的企业最终没有逃过在激烈的竞争中被淘汰。（escape）
【答案】
1.At the sight of people, those birds flew in all directions.
2.Sometimes, we feel embarrassed because we don’t live up to other people’s expectations.
3.It is said that diligent shepherd saved a drowning child in the depths of winter.
4.To our disappointment, that enterprise whose headquarters is located at the crossroads didn’t
escape being eliminated in the fierce competition finally.
【分析】
1.考察词组At the sight of一看到........
2.考察词组live up to 不辜负，达到
3.考察句型It is said that.......表示据说......
4.考察短语to one’s +名词，表示令人......... 以及定语从句whose 的用法