当前位置:文档之家› 增词译法

增词译法

增词译法
增词译法

第三章词法翻译

四、增词译法(Amplification)

英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时有可能要在词量上加以增减。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义上(或修辞上)和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺的表达原文的思想内容。

不是无中生有的随意增词,而是增加原文中虽无其词但有其意的词。

一、根据句法上的需要增词

(一)增补原文答句中的省略部分

1. Is this your book Yes, it is.

这是你的书吗是我的。

(Yes, it is. = Yes, it is mine.)

2. Do you love him Yes, of course I do.

你爱他吗我当然爱他。

(Yes, of course I do. = Yes, of course I love him.)

(二)增补原文句子中所省略的动词

1. He remembered the incident, as had his wife.

他记得这件事,他的妻子早就记起来了。

2. I believed it too. But I don’t now.

过去我也是相信的。可是现在,我不相信了。

3. We don’t retreat, we never have and never will.

我们不后退,我们从来没有后退过,将来也决不后退。

4. I fell madly in love with her, and she with me.

我狂热地爱上了她,她也狂热地爱上了我。

5. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.

读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,写作使人准确。

6. An eagle and a fox had long lived together as good neighbors; the eagle at the summit of a high tree, the fox in a hole at the foot of it.

一只鹰和一只狐狸长期友好的住在一起,鹰住在一棵高高的树顶上,狐狸住在树下一个洞里。

7. Many people can bear adversity, but few contempt.

很多人能够忍受逆境,但很少人能忍受被人轻视。

(三)增补原文比较句中的省略部分

1. The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.

仆人们愿意服侍她,就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。

2. Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.

从别人的失败中吸取教训比从自己的失败中吸取教训更好。

3. The Chinese way of co-operations is more inventive than others.

中国的合作方式比别国的合作方式更有特色。

(四)增补原文含蓄条件句中的省略部分

1. We didn’t admit it (escape) was impossible. To do so would have been to surrender one of our few hopes.

我们并不认为越狱是不可能的。如果承认越狱不可能,那就等于把仅存的一点希望也放弃了。

2. At the time of Kennedy’s assassination, Kissinger felt that a second term would have led either to greatness or to disaster.

肯尼迪遇刺时,基辛格认为,如果肯尼迪再任一届总统的话,大概不是立大功,就是闯大祸。

3. In agreeing to what was already the status quo, he would have had far more to gain than to lose.

假如他已经同意接受现状的话,对他来说就会是得多失少了。

4. He could accept a passive opposition from his loyalists, but an open one would have dire consequences.

忠于他的那些人在消极反对他,这点他可以接受。但是如果他们公然反对,那后果就可怕了。

二、根据意义上、修辞上或逻辑上的需要增词

(一)增加动词

1. In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he still had to work on the drafting of the final communique.

晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会和观看乒乓球表演之后,他还得起草最后公报。

2. In spite of yesterday’s rainstorm the crops lay lush and green in the early light.

尽管昨天遭受了暴风雨的袭击,庄稼在晨曦中还是显得郁郁葱葱。

(二)增加形容词

1. With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism!

中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!

2. There are friends and friends.

朋友有多种。有益友,有损友。

3. All one needed was one lucky break and the doors would open.

一个人只要交上一次好运,从此幸运的大门就会打开。

(三)增加副词

1. The crowds melted away.

人群渐渐散开了。

2. As he sat down and began talking, words poured out.

他一坐下来就讲开了,滔滔不绝地讲个没完。

3. In the fairy tales, all too often it was the same one: the prince meets the princess; they fall in

love; marry each other and live happily together.

在童话故事里,总是老一套:王子和公主始而相遇,继而相爱,最后结婚并幸福的生活在一起。

4. Poor people, when they are suffering from acute hunger and severe cold, are not more unhappy than rich people: they are often much happier.

当穷人受着饥饿与严寒,他们并不见得比富人更不快乐。相反地,他们通常比富人快乐得多。

5. But they still came, by car, by donkey and on foot. Thousands came from other Arab countries.

但是他们仍然源源不断前来,有的乘汽车,有的骑毛驴,有的步行。成千的人丛别的阿拉伯国家赶来。

6. They lingered long over his letter.

他们久久地反复玩味着他的来信。

(四)增加名词

I. 在不及物动词后面增加名词

1. to wash before meal / to wash after getting up / to wash before going to bed

饭前洗手/ 起床后洗脸/ 睡前洗脚

2. Mary washed for a living after her husband died.

玛丽在丈夫去世后靠给人洗衣服维持生活。

3. Day after day he came to his work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.

他每天来干活—扫地,擦地板,收拾房间。

4. Then Li eutenant Grub launched into the old recruiting routine, “See, save and serve! …”

于是,格拉布上尉开始说起招兵的老一套了:“见见世面,攒点钱,为国家出点力。…”

II. 在形容词前增加名词

1. This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.

这部打字机真是价廉物美。

2. A new kind of aircraft---small, cheap, pilotless---is attracting increasing attention.

一种新型飞机正越来越引起人们的注意—这种飞机体积小,价格便宜,无人驾驶。3. He is a complicated man---moody, with a melancholy streak.

他是一个性格复杂的人—喜怒无常,忧郁寡欢。

III. 在抽象名词后增加名词

1. The government was taking measures to improve the backwardness in that area.

政府正在采取措施改善那个地区的落后状态。

2. The teacher was trying hard to ease the students’ dissatisfaction.

那个老师正在努力安抚学生的不满情绪。

3. In the summer of that year, the administration publicly urged an easing of tensions with China.

那年夏天,政府公开主张缓和同中国的紧张关系。

4. His arrogance made everyone dislike him.

他的傲慢态度使谁都不喜欢他。

5. The vague restlessness since boyhood remained.

从小就有的那种模糊的不安定的感觉依然还存在。

6. There had been an ease of international tension.

国际紧张局势过去曾有所缓和。

7. Preparations for the conference were plagued by many problems.

会议的筹备工作受到许多问题的干扰。

IV. 在具体名词后增加名词

1. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.

他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡。

2. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and finally declared his own son guilty.

他让法官的职责战胜了父子的私情,最终判决他儿子有罪。

(五)增加表示名词复数的词

1. Flowers bloom all over the yard.

朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。

2. The lion is the king of animals.

狮是百兽之王。

3. The mountains began to throw their long blue shadows over the valley.

群山已在山谷里开始投下蔚蓝色的长影。

(六)增加概括词

1. The heads of the Soviet Union, the United States, England and France had a secret meeting last month.

苏、美、英、法四国首脑上个月进行了一次秘密会晤。

2. The thesis summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers, artificial satellites and rockets.

论文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。

3. We have achieved rapid progress in industry, agriculture, commerce, education and culture.

我们在工业、农业、商业、教育文化等各方面都取得了迅速发展。

(七)增加解释性或修饰性的词语,使符合汉语表达习惯

1. Condit came out with his political smile.

康迪特走出来时,脸上带着政客惯有的笑容。

2. She is thirty-two and mother of two.

她今年三十二岁,已经有了两个孩子。

3. Facts are to the scientists as words are to the poets.

事实之于科学家,就如同文字对于诗人一般重要。

4. Ideally, we can have twice as much office space as we have now.

最理想的情况是,我们能有比现在大两倍的办公室空间。

5. I believe the eight dead juornalists are policy.

我相信那八个新闻记者的死亡是有计划的谋杀。

(八)增加反映背景情况或信息的词

1. He won the men’s singles at Wimbledon.

他赢得了温布尔登网球锦标赛的男子单打冠军。

2. A car stopped in front of the Hilton.

一辆小汽车停在希尔顿酒店门前。

3. They bought a new Ford last week.

上星期他们买了一辆新的福特汽车。

称谓翻译

称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职译法大不同 "副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub 等词表示。 副总裁Vice President 国防部副部长(美国)Deputy Secretary of Defence 副总经理Assistant General Manager 副国务卿Under Secretary of State 副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor (学院)副院长Sub-dean of School 根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy 与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如: 国家副主席(或大学副校长)Vice President 副主席(或系副主任等)Vice Chairman 副总理Vice Premier 副部长Vice Minister 副省长Vice Governor 副领事Vice Consul 副校长(中小学)Vice Principal 以下情况常用Deputy: 副局长Deputy Director 副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General

副书记Deputy Secretary 副市长Deputy Mayor 副县长Deputy Chief Executive 副村长Deputy Village Head 副院长(学院)Deputy Dean 副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。 副教授Associate Professor 副研究员Associate Research Fellow 副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief 副编审Associate Senior Editor 副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow 副译审Associate Senior Translator 副主任医师Associate Senior Doctor Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager 但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别? 要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等 无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy

增词译法和减词译法

Chapter 1 增词译法和减词译法 1.1 增词译法(amplification/adding words) ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能将词类转换,有时候也可能将词量增减。 ?增词法就是在翻译时按意义上或修辞上或句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实、通顺地表达原文思想内容。这当然不是无中生有地随意乱加,而是增加原文中虽无其词却有其义的一些词。 1.1.1 ? e.g. I’m really busy this morning: 2 classes, a meeting, and an intervie w. ? e.g. There were no speeches, no foreign diplomats, no ―ordinary Chinese‖ with paper flags and flowers. 1.1.2 ? e.g. With what enthusiasm the Beijingers are studying foreign languages! ? e.g. What a day/life! 1.1.3 ? e.g. How the little girl looked after her old mother! ? e.g. As he began talking, words poured out. 1.1.4 1.1.4.1 ? e.g. Be sure to wash before meal. ? e.g. Day after day she does the same: washing, sweeping, and cooking. 1.1.4.2 ? e.g. The radio is indeed cheap and fine. 1.1.4.3 1.1.4.4 e.g. In the summer of 1969, the government publicly urged an easing of tensions with China. 1.1.4.5 ? e.g. He felt the patriot rise within his breast. ? e.g. He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge, and declared his own son guilty. 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 ? e.g. Every summer, tourists go to the coastal cities. ? e.g. Rows of new houses have been set up. 1.1.5.2 ? e.g. The lion is the king of animals. ? e.g. The mountains were covered with snow. ? e.g. The crowd made a way for him. 1.1.6 ? e.g. I bought a new bike yesterday.

合词合句译法

第十节合词译法 无论是西方作家.还是中国作家,都喜欢连用同义词以强调其表达的意思。西方作家常用的是成对词,而中国作家常用的是一条前后两个部分为同一意思的四字成语,或两条同义成语。既然这些同义词表达的是同一个意思.我们就可以他们合起来翻译也就是采用合词译法.请看下面的翻译实例。 1) You’ll supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn't that fair and square? 你们出钱,我们出人,这难道还不公平吗? 2) In our workshop there is a hard and fast rule against smoking. 我们车间有严格的规定,不许吸烟。(或:我们车间严禁吸烟。) 3) He is dead and gone. 他的确死了。 4) His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 他父亲非常宽容。 5) Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 她的儿子非常聪明,可她的女儿却很笨。 6) She shook and trembled with fear. 她吓得不停地发抖。 7)He is a man of culture and learning. 他是个很有学问的人。 8) We must reach our goals and aims. 我们必须到达目的。 9)He suffered aches and pains.他遭受百般疼痛。 10) It's a ways and means of propaganda. 这是种宣传方法。 11) It’s right and proper to try it. 试一试是完全正确的。 12) The room is cozy and comfortable.这个房间非常舒适。 13) She was surprised and taken aback.她着实吃了一惊。 14) Really and truly? 千真万确? 15) I hate all these hustle and bustle. 我讨厌这种拥挤不堪的场面。 16)要不然时叫他趁早回心转意,有多少好处。〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第四+六回)Otherwise, the sooner she changes her mind the better for her. 17)其中又见林黛玉是个出类拔萃的,便更与黛玉亲敬异常。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第四十九回) Noticing too that Daiyu stood out from the rest, she treated her even more affectinately. 18)紫鹃笑道“我说的是好话,不过叫你心里留神,并没叫你去为非作歹。何苦回老太太,叫我吃了亏,又有什么好处!” 〔曹雪芹《红楼梦》第五+七回) "I meant well,“ was the smiling answer. “ I just wanted you to look out for yourself, not t o do anything wrong. What good will it do if you report me to the old lady and get me into trouble?" 19) 这里赵姨娘正说着,只要贾环在外间屋子里,更说出些惊心动魄的话来。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第八十四回) As Concubine Zhao was storming, Jia Huan in the outer room made an even more startlin g statement. 20) (他们)都是些狐群狗党!(曹雪芹《红楼梦》第九十回) They're a pack of curs! 21)(宝玉和黛玉)真是言和意顺,似漆如胶.(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第五回)On all matters, indeed, they were in complete accord. 22)那宝钗却又行为豁达,随分从时,不比黛玉孤高自许,目无下尘,故深得下人之心;就是小丫头们,亦多和宝钗亲近.(曹雪芹《红楼梦》,第五回)

超实用称谓翻译大全

超实用称谓翻译大全 常用称谓 校长(大学)President eg:president of Beijing University 校长(中小学)Principal /Headmaster eg:principal/headmaster of Fudan Middle School 院长(大学下属)Dean eg:dean of the Graduate School 系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman eg:chair/chairman of the English Department 会长/主席(学/协会)President eg:president of the Student Union, Shanghai University

厂长(企业)Director eg:director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长(医院)President eg:president of Huashan Hospital 主任(中心)Director eg:director of the Business Center 主任(行政)Director eg:director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长(企业)President/Chairman eg:president/chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长(学校)President/Chairman eg:president/chairman of the Board of Trustees

英汉翻译 之 合译法

英汉翻译之合译法 合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译,特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候,汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词,或重复使用某一代词作主语,这这种情况下,往往将原文数句合译为一句。 This novel is of no great literary merit. It is merely a pot-boiler. 这部小说纯属胡编乱造,没有多大文学价值。 I wasn’t an enemy, in fact or in feeling, I was an ally. 无论在事实上,还是在情感上,我都不是他们的敌人,而是他们的盟友。 Confucius was a believer in moral action and in what we today call human development. He advocated the establishment of harmony within the social order. 孔子信仰道德的行为,信仰我们今天所说的人的发展,提倡在社会秩序内建立和谐。 Young people don’t hesitate to attempt one thing after another. Eager to experiment, they welcome new ideas. They are restless and alive and never satisfied. They seek perfection. 年轻人总是不停地探索,急于实验,乐于接受新的思想。他们充满活力,永不满足,追求尽善尽美。 有时候是为了行文紧凑、简练的原则而将两句或数句合并为一句来翻译; I was slow to understand the deep grievance of women. This was because, as a boy, I had envied them. 我迟迟未能理解女人的深切苦楚,因为我小时候曾羡慕过她们。 A man in a newish suburb feels that he has one foot in the city and one in the country. As this is the kind of compromise he likes, he is happy. 住在新郊区的人,觉得一只脚在城里,一只脚在乡下,非常开心,因为这种城乡妥协之地是他喜欢的。 Towards evening, the attack of the French slackened in its fury. They had other foes besides the British to engage, or were preparing for a final onset. 将近傍晚,法军的攻势逐渐松懈,或许因为它们除了英国人之外还有别的交战敌人,或许正在准备发动最后的一次总攻击。 Although the size of the task waiting to be carried out is daunting and there are many hurdles to be overcome, it would be wrong to end my address on a note of pessimism. Many countries have already made considerable progress in this regard. 尽管等待我们去完成的任务规模之大令人畏惧,尽管有许多障碍有待克服,但是以悲观的调子来结束我的发言是错误的,因为许多国家在此方面已经取得了长足的进步。 合译时,可充分发挥汉语标点符号的作用; Nine of the 13 children have never held a meaningful job, nor do they care to. Only one of

合译法

Combination(合译法) 所谓合译法,是指把原文中两个或两个以上的词合译成一个词,将两个或两个以上的简单句合译为一个句子,或将一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。英汉两种语言在句法结构上存在很大差异。英语重“形合”,连接词较为发达,句子结构层层包孕,句子在空间上呈大树型结构,长句较多。汉语重“意合”,句子与句子之间缺乏必要的连接词,积词成句,积句成章,流水句较多,呈线性排列,一句接一句,短句较多,句子结构呈竹竿型分布。另外,英语的后置修饰语有时很长,而汉语的修饰语一般前置,不宜过长。因此,为了符合汉语表达习惯, 也为了更清楚地表达原文意思,在翻译时需要对原来的句子结构进行调整,即适当改变原文结构。与分译法把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离出来,译成一个独立分句相反,合译法是将不同的句子成分组合在一起,用一个单句来表达,使其更符合汉语的表达方法。由于英语句子一般比汉语句子长,英译汉时切分用得较多,但是较口语化的英语句子也比较短,英译汉时有时也得用合并,故合译法多用于英语简单句的翻译,特别是两个或两个以上的英文句子共用相同的主语的时候,汉语一般不喜欢重复某一名词,或重复使用某一代词作主语,在这种情况下,往往将原文数句合译为一句。 Combination in E-C Translation (合译法在英译汉中的应用) A.Words (词的合译) This technique is used to integrate two words of close meaning into one expression. 词的合译是指把两个或两个以上的同义词合译成一个词,使译文清楚整齐。Examples: 1. You will supply financial power, and we’ll supply man power. Isn’t that fair and square? 译文:你们出钱,我们出人,这难道还不公平吗? 2. His father is a man who forgives and forgets. 译文:他的父亲非常宽容。 3. Her son was wise and clever, but her daughter was silly and foolish. 译文:她的儿子非常聪明,可女儿却很笨。 4. He suffered aches and pains. 译文:他遭受百般疼痛。 5. He is a man of culture and learning. 译文:他是个很有学问的人。 Try to translate: 1. He was kindly, generous and obliging. 2. He was jealous and envious of his brother. He resented that his younger brother was so successful. 参考译文: 1. 他乐善好施。 2. 他嫉妒他弟弟,痛恨弟弟取得了这么大的成功。 B.Phrases (固定词组的合译) 英语和汉语各自有一套独特的语言表达系统。在英语中,词的粘合力和搭配力较强,一个动词往往可以同多个名词或多个介词搭配,一个介词也往往与多个名词搭配,构成不

【资料】你必须掌握的政治头衔标准译法

1.直译的 中共中央总书记General Secretary, the CPC Central Committee 政治局常委Member, Standing Committee of Political Bureau,the CPC Central Committee 政治局委员Member, Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee 书记处书记Member, secretariat of the CPC Central Committee 中央委员Member, Central Committee 候补委员Alternate Member … 省委/市委书记Secretary,…Provincial/Municipal Committee of the CPC 党组书记secretary, Party Leadership Group 中华人民共和国主席/副主席President/Vice President, the People's Republic of China 全国人大委员长/副委员长Chairman/Vice Chairman, National People's Congress 秘书长Secretary-General 主任委员Chairman 委员Member 地方人大主任Chairman, Local People's Congress

人大代表Deputy to the People's Congress 国务院总理Premier, State Council 国务委员State Councilor 秘书长Secretary-General 国务院各委员会主任Minister in Charge of Commission for 国务院各部部长Minister 部长助理Assistant Minister 司长Director (也做:director general) 局长Director 省长Governor 常务副省长Executive Vice Governor 自治区人民政府主席Chairman, Autonomous Regional People's Government 地区专员Commissioner, prefecture 香港特别行政区行政长官Chief Executive, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 市长/副市长Mayor/Vice Mayor

被动句的译法与合译拆译

被动句的译法 (Passive-voice sentences) Expository writing: Instructions Manuals Scientific readings 1)译成被动句 2)译成主动句 试译下列句子: 1. The compass was invented by Chinese long ago. 很久以前,中国人发明了指南

针。 2. The solution to the problem was finally found. 这个问题的解决办法终于找到了。 3. That question needn’t be brought in. 不必把这个问题牵涉进来。 4. Those who died for the country will be remembered forever by the people. 那些为国捐躯的人们将被人民永久缅怀。 5. He was very naughty and

would be beaten almost every day. 他很顽皮,几乎天天挨揍。6. Where were you educated? 你在哪里受的教育? 英语中被动语态使用范围很广。凡说不出施动者、不必说出施动者、不愿说出施动者或为了便于上下文连贯等,往往都用被动语态。 汉语中虽也有被动语态,但使用的频率远不如英语高,范围也不如英语广。

英语中,思维习惯强调客观。而汉语强调主观,表达多用主动句。 因此,在英译汉时,许多英语被动句常译成主动句,但有时也可保持被动语态。 “被”字句主要是说明主语有所遭受,不是自愿的,因此只能表示不愉快,不幸,不愿意一类的行为。 例如:“花被他们拿走了。”其含义有“不情愿”的意思。而“花他们拿走了。”含义有“本来就让他们来那”的意思。

称谓翻译有讲究 各种

称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职译法大不同 2012年11月14日09:27沪江英语网我要评论(0) 字号:T|T "副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub 等词表示。 副总裁Vice President 国防部副部长(美国)Deputy Secretary of Defence 副总经理Assistant General Manager 副国务卿Under Secretary of State 副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor (学院)副院长Sub-dean of School 根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。一般来说,vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy 与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。如: 国家副主席(或大学副校长)Vice President 副主席(或系副主任等)Vice Chairman 副总理Vice Premier 副部长Vice Minister 副省长Vice Governor 副领事Vice Consul 副校长(中小学)Vice Principal 以下情况常用Deputy: 副局长Deputy Director

副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General 副书记Deputy Secretary 副市长Deputy Mayor 副县长Deputy Chief Executive 副村长Deputy Village Head 副院长(学院)Deputy Dean 副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chief associate用作"副"时一般用于职称。 副教授Associate Professor 副研究员Associate Research Fellow 副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief 副编审Associate Senior Editor 副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow 副译审Associate Senior Translator 副主任医师Associate Senior Doctor Assistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager 但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别? 要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等

口译中尊称的译法

尊称的译法: 在寒暄、介绍、礼仪祝词中,对对方或他人的尊敬称谓十分常见,中文和英语中的尊称说法有很多,较为常见的是英译中时可将you,your company,your university译成“您”、“贵公司”.“贵校”,而中译英的情况则较为复杂。如果是泛称,比如“尊敬的来宾”,一般可译成distinguished guests,honorable guests或respected guests等。但对不同身份、不同地位的个人则常常需要使用不同的尊称方式,主要有以下几种: 1. 陛下:Majesty,是对King(国王),Queen(王后或女王)的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Majesty 间接称谓:His/Her Majesty Majesty后面还可以加上人名:H. M. (Her Majesty) Queen Elizabeth 2. 殿下:Highness,是Prince (王子),Princess (公主),Royal Duke (王族公爵)和Royal Duchess (王族公爵夫人)的尊称, 直接称谓:Your Highness 间接称谓:His/Her Highness Highness后面还可以加上头衔及人名:Your Royal Highness Princess Diana 3. 阁下:Excellency,是对Prime Minister (总理),Secretary (大臣),Minister(部长),Governor(总督/省长),Bishop(主教),Ambassador(大使)等高官及教士的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Excellency 间接称谓:His/Her Excellency 后面还可以加上职衔及人名:Your Excellency Prime Minister Brown 4. 大人:Grace,主要用于对Duke (公爵),Duchess (公爵夫人),Arch-bishop (大主教)表示敬意。 直接称谓:Your Grace 间接称谓:His/Her Grace 5. 先生:Honor,是对法官或某些高官的尊称。 直接称谓:Your Honor 间接称谓:His/Her Honor

称谓翻译小技巧

称谓翻译小技巧:口译中遇到令人发狂的称谓怎么办 作者: star_zhang 【口语听力技巧16】翻译小技巧:口译中遇到令人发狂的称谓怎么办 在外事接待活动中,译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份,例如,英语的头衔语president,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。 一般说来,各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词head,但从比较严格的意义上看,应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如: 校长(大学)President of Beijing University 校长(中小学)Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School 院长(大学下属)Dean of the Graduate School 系主任(大学学院下属)Chair/Chairman of the English Department 会长/主席(学/协会)President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长(企业)Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长(医院)President of Huadong Hospital 主任(中心)Director of the Business Center 主任(行政)Director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长(企业)President/Chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长(学校)President/Chairman of the Board of Trustees 首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有chief gene ral, head , managing 这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯: 总书记general secretary 总工程师chief engineer 总会计师chief accountant 总建筑师chief architect

文化词语译法答案

14.2 12. 蠢得像猪 13. 有其父必有其子 Like father, like son: a person usually behaves in exactly the same way as his or her father. 14. 隔墙有耳 Walls have ears: even the most secret and private conversation may become known to other people. 15. 骑墙/保持中立/采取观望态度 sit on the fence: not to make any clear choice or decision between two possibilities or opposing groups of people.

16. 前后颠倒/本末倒置/倒果为因put the cart before the horse: to do or say things in the wrong order. 17. 乱七八糟/杂乱无章/七嘴八舌/众说纷纭 at sixes and sevens: in a state of confusion. 18. 翘辫子/死 19. 昙花一现的事物 a flash in the pan: something that only lasts for a very short time; a success or something that has not happened before and is unlikely to happen again. 20. 一贫如洗/穷到极点 as poor as a church mouse: very poor;

中文称呼要怎么翻译

在外事接待活动中,译员首先面临的一道难题是称谓的口译。称谓代表了一个人的职位、职衔或学衔,体现了一个人的资历和地位。称谓的误译不仅是对有关人员的不尊重,而且也会产生种种不良的后果。称谓的准确翻译其关键在于译员对有关人员的身份及其称谓的表达是否有一个正确的理解,尤其是对称谓语的认识。一种称谓语很可能表示多种身份,例如,英语的头衔语 president ,译成汉语时可视具体情况分别译作共和国的总统、国家主席、大学的校长、学院的院长、学会或协会的会长或主席、公司的总裁或董事长等等。 一般说来,各类机构或组织的首长其汉语称谓译成英语时虽可套用通用词 head ,但从比较严格的意义上看,应使用特定的、规范的称谓语。例如:校长(大学) President of Beijing University 校长(中小学) Principal /Headmaster of Donghai Middle School 院长(大学下属) Dean of the Graduate School 系主任(大学学院下属) Chair/Chairman of the English Department 会长/主席(学/协会) President of the Student Union, Shanghai University 厂长(企业) Director of the Machine Tools Manufacturing Plant 院长(医院) President of Huadong Hospital 主任(中心) Director of the Business Center 主任(行政) Director of Foreign Affairs Office 董事长(企业) President /Chairman of the Board of Directors 董事长(学校) President /Chairman of the Board of Trustees 首席长官的汉语称谓常以“总……”表示,而表示首席长官的英语称谓语则常带有 chief general, head , managing 这类词,因此当翻译冠以“总”字的头衔时,需遵循英语头衔的表达习惯: 总书记 general secretary 总工程师 chief engineer 总会计师 chief accountant 总建筑师 chief architect 、管路敷设技术通过管线不仅可以解决吊顶层配置不规范高中资料试卷问题,而且可保障各类管路习题到位。在管路敷设过程中,要加强看护关于管路高中资料试卷连接管口处理高中资料试卷弯扁度固定盒位置保护层防腐跨接地线弯曲半径标等,要求技术交底。管线敷设技术中包含线槽、管架等多项方式,为解决高中语文电气课件中管壁薄、接口不严等问题,合理利用管线敷设技术。线缆敷设原则:在分线盒处,当不同电压回路交叉时,应采用金属隔板进行隔开处理;同一线槽内强电回路须同时切断习题电源,线缆敷设完毕,要进行检查和检测处理。、电气课件中调试对全部高中资料试卷电气设备,在安装过程中以及安装结束后进行 高中资料试卷调整试验;通电检查所有设备高中资料试卷相互作用与相互关系,根据生产工艺高中资料试卷要求,对电气设备进行空载与带负荷下高中资料试卷调控试验;对设备进行调整使其在正常工况下与过度工作下都可以正常工作;对于继电保护进行整核对定值,审核与校对图纸,编写复杂设备与装置高中资料试卷调试方案,编写重要设备高中资料试卷试验方案以及系统启动方案;对整套启动过程中高中资料试卷电气设备进行调试工作并且进行过关运行高中资料试卷技术指导。对于调试过程中高中资料试卷技术问题,作为调试人员,需要在事前掌握图纸资料、设备制造厂家出具高中资料试卷试验报告与相关技术资料,并且了解现场设备高中资料试卷布置情况与有关高中资料试卷电气系统接线等情况 ,然后根据规范与规程规定,制定设备调试高中资料试卷方案。 、电气设备调试高中资料试卷技术电力保护装置调试技术,电力保护高中资料试卷配置技术是指机组在进行继电保护高中资料试卷总体配置时,需要在最大限度内来确保机组高中资料试卷安全,并且尽可能地缩小故障高中资料试卷破坏范围,或者对某些异常高中资料试卷工况进行自动处理,尤其要避免错误高中资料试卷保护装置动作,并且拒绝动作,来避免不必要高中资料试卷突然停机。因此,电力高中资料试卷保护装置调试技术,要求电力保护装置做到准确灵活。对于差动保护装置高中资料试卷调试技术是指发电机一变压器组在发生内部故障时,需要进行外部电源高中资料试卷切除从而采用高中资料试卷主要保护装置。

翻译技巧:加词法和减词法

翻译技巧(二):加词法和减词法 加(增)词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方法不尽相同,有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达,但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象;还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整,但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下,就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致,使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n(从句法结构上考虑的增词) This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词(classifier) 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星! The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

翻译技巧合译法

Chapter 5 Combination(合译法) Part V Exercises 参考译文: A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(词的合译) 1. 千真万确? 2. 她大吃一惊。 3. 这房间非常舒适。 4. 我们必须达到目的。 5. 这么做是对的。 6. 他在地震中安然无恙。 7. 这里严禁抽烟。 8. 他确实死了。 9. 我疲惫不堪。 10. 我们应该坦诚相待。 11. 他害怕得发抖。 12. 他们都认为这么做是公平的。 13. 这是一些宣传方法。 14. 这些吃的绰绰有余了。 15. 我讨厌这种拥挤的场面。 B. Translate the following sentences into English.(词组、习语的合译) 1. His room is always in a mess. 2. He is determined to turn over a new leaf. 3. Many people went hungry at that time. 4. He suddenly made some startling statements. 5. His report is nothing but some old stuff. 6. Don’t take this for miraculous cures. 7. There is no need for you to humble yourself. 8. He is a careless guy. 9. This is only a wishful thinking. 10. She always speaks in a low voice. 11. The picture is extremely enchanting. 12. I am not asking you to do anything wrong. 13 How can you kick down the ladder? 14. Great changes have taken place here. 15. He returned home with great joy. 20. Who told you to make such a fuss over nothing? C. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.(句子的合译) 1. 他会想念许许多多往事,许许多多朋友,也会想起玛丽。 2. 这个人很惨,身无分文,因为他所有的积蓄被窃。 3. 门没有上锁,詹妮走进去坐了下来,极度的衰弱几乎使她无力挪动她那红肿的双脚。 4. 她在家很忙,又要照顾孩子,又要下厨。

相关主题
文本预览
相关文档 最新文档