虹世传虹能入溪涧饮水，信然。熙宁①中，予使契丹②，至其极北黑水境永安山下卓帐③。是时新雨霁，见虹下帐前涧中。予与同职扣涧观之，虹两头皆垂涧中。使人过涧，隔虹对立，相去数丈，中间如隔绡縠④。自西望东则见，盖夕虹也。立涧之东西望，则为日所铄，都无所睹。久之，稍稍正东，逾山而去。次日行一程，又复见之。孙彦先⑤云：虹乃雨中日影也，日照雨则有之。导读：本篇先写与同事观察虹出现时的情景，后借孙彦先之语，点出虹形成的真正原理：虹乃雨中日影也，日照雨则有之。深入浅出，生动传神。注释：①熙宁：宋神宗赵顼（x ）年号，公元1068—1077年。②契丹：宋时北部少数民族政权。
③黑水：今辽宁昭乌达盟林西县和克什克腾旗境内。卓帐：竖立帐篷。卓，直立。④绡縠(xi oh )；绡，薄纱。縠，绉纱。都是丝织品⑤孙彦先：与沈括同时的科学家。精练：一、解释加点的词1．隔虹对立，相去数丈（） 2．久之，稍稍正东（）3．扣涧观之（）（） 4．都无所睹（）5．逾山而去（） 6．则为日所铄（）二、翻译1．世传虹能入溪涧饮水，信然。2．立涧之东西望，则为日所铄，都无所睹。三、找出文中出现的表示时间的词：＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿四、《虹》涉及的是＿＿＿方面的知识，选自＿＿＿＿的《梦溪笔谈》。五、本文说明了虹的变化和＿＿＿＿＿＿，作者认为虹形成的原理是＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿。(用文中原话回答) 【参考译文和答案】101．虹世上传说虹能够进入山涧吸水，的确是这样。熙宁年间，我出使契丹，到它极北的黑水地区永安山下竖起帐篷宿营。那一天雨过天晴，看见虹下伸到帐篷前面的小涧里。我和同事走近山涧观察它，虹的两端都垂在涧里。派人越过山涧，和我们隔虹面对站立，距离几丈远，中间好像隔着彩色的绫罗。从西向东望就能看见，那是傍晚出现的虹。站在涧东向西望，就被日光闪眼，什么也看不见了。隔了好久，虹渐渐向东移动，最后越过山头消失了。第二天赶了一段路程，又见到虹出现。孙彦先说过：虹是雨里太阳的影子，阳光照在雨上，就出现了虹。一、1.距 2．语气助词，调整音节，不译 3．靠近代虹 4．看见 5．越过 6．同“烁”，闪烁二、1.世上传说虹能够进人山涧吸水，的确是这样。 2．站在涧东向西望，就被日光闪眼，什么也看不见了。三、是时、久之、次日四、天文沈括五、形成原理虹乃雨中日影也，日照雨则有之。
阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选 英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
阅读理解 1-1. In order to learn to be one’s true self 1.according to the passage frist of all one most obtain knowledge 2.when you try to do something ,what matters is to carry it through to the end 3.the end of learning should be mastery 4. according---- another man success should spur us on to greater efforts 5.the author implies(暗指) success depends not so much on natural ability as it does on effort 1-2. Earthquakes 1. most destruction brought and by earthquake is the result of the following EXCEPT the panic brought about by earthquakes 2.this element of the unknown refers to the fact that earthquakes may occur anywhere at any time 3.NOT true A worldwide earthquake warning network has not been put into use 4.the author believe that the prediction of earthquake is of some help 5. it inferred last paragraph chiefly interested in getting prepared and handling the possible destruction beforehand 1-3. The accuracy of scientific 1. the passage says that accuracy of scientific observation depends on timekeeping methods 2. more precise 3. Scientific research 4. Atomic clocks will be important in space flight 5. A Peacetime Use of the Atom 1-4. In communities north of Denver 1. A huge financial problem has arisen 2. They pooled their effors to help solve it 3. unthinkable 4. To see if there was a deliberate cover-up of the problem 5. keep people properly informed of the crisis 5. Very high waves are destructive 练习2-1 1. rarely 2. is liable to lessen 3. influences the power of high waves 4. variable 5. A submarine commander navigating his vessel at a depth of 700 feet will not be affected by araging surface storm 6. In Western countries…the installment plan （2012）练习2-2 1. More than 10 percent American families buy things on installments 2. the buyer has to pay extra额外 money as interest 作为利息 3.
中考英语阅读理解培优训练(附解析) 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap （代沟）. Don't argue （争辩） with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can't express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try! （1）According to the passage who have a communication problem? A. parents and other people B. only school kids and their parents C. teachers and their students D. parents and children of all ages （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. （3）The underlined word "bridge" in the passage means "___________". A. 建立 B. 消除 C. 通过 D. 到达 （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better ___________. A. argue with them B. keep away from them C. agree with them all the time D. tell your parents what you care about （5）The best title for the passage is ___________.
1.A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night(英语阅读理解) A strange thing happens to nearly everybody at night. They turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it? 一个奇怪的事情发生在几乎每个人身上，并且都在晚上。他们关上灯，拉上了窗帘和闭上他们的眼睛。六或七小时的睡眠后，他们再次醒来。奇怪，不是吗？ Sleep is a great puzzle. Scientists and doctors would like to talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not so sure what causes sleep. 睡眠是一个伟大的谜。科学家和医生谈谈为什么不能入睡。他们不知道什么是睡眠的原因。 You will sleep best both when you are in good health and when you don't eat too much or too little. No worries and a comfortable place to sleep are important, too.你会睡得最好当你身体健康时，你不要吃太多或太少。不用担心，一个舒适的睡眠环境是重要的。 Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you often move. You would feel tired ever if you didn't move. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you dream. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination parts of your brain are still awake. 奇怪的事情发生在睡眠期间。例如，你经常搬家。你会觉得累，如果你没有动。你也做梦。你大脑的一部分仍然是清醒的时候，您也做梦。做梦时发生的记忆和想象的部分你的大脑仍然清醒。 Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were finished while the writers were dreaming. 别担心，如果你有梦想。一些伟大的故事和诗歌的作家会完成梦想。 根据短文内容,判断下列句子正(T)、误( F) 。 1. A strange thing happens to only someone at night.T 2. Scientists and doctors are both sure what causes people's sleep.F 3. When you are in good health, you can sleep very well at night.T 4. The writer means that some dreams are good for people.T 5. If you eat too much or too little before sleep, you won't sleep well.T 2. At the Barber's Shop 在理发店 Jack went to a barber's shop and had his hair cut, but when he came out, he 杰克去一家理发店剪了头发，但是当他出来时，他 was not happy with the result. When his friend Bob saw him, he laughed 是不满意的结果。当他的朋友鲍波看到他时，他笑了 and said, "What has happened to your hair,Jack?" 说，“你的头发怎么了，杰克？” Jack said, "I tried a new barber's shop today, because I wasn't quite satisfied 杰克说，“我今天尝试了新的理发店，因为我不是很满意 with my old one, but this one seems even worse." 旧的，但是这一次似乎更差。” Bob agreed. "Yes, I think you're right, Jack. Now I'll tell you what 他同意了。”是的，我想你是对的，杰克。现在我要告诉你 to do when you go into a barber's shop next time: look at all the barber's hair, 做的时候，你走进一家理发店下时间：看所有理发师的头发， find out whose hair looks worst, and then go straight to him."
完型填空、阅读理解及中英翻译的考试策略 一、完型填空 考生总认为完型填空较难，其实，纵观每年的考题我们不难发现，似乎上半年的完型填空出的都不是书上的题目，而下半年是从书中某一课摘选出来的。这就要求大家一定要对教材非常熟悉，特别是A课文，一定要做到熟读。当然，我们一定要了解到：完型填空主要考的是词组的搭配(当然与段落前后的含义要相符)，加之时态与语态的变化，真正考上下文连接的意思相对较少，同时注意一些连词、介词的使用，基本上是能够完成的。 二、阅读理解 阅读是大家最头疼的，由于分数占的比重较大，同时在卷面占的页数较多，使大家一眼望去望而生畏。其实，在做阅读的时候，只要我们能够把所问的问题看准，同时找到问题中最关键的词汇，返回到原文中找这个词汇出现的位置，其前后就是答案。大家可以用笔把这些关键词画出来，俗话说，找答案不容易，找词还是比较容易的。在做题过程中，其中可能有词汇的解释题，即用一个词汇或词组来解释原文中的某个词，这种题绝对靠实力，不用到原文去猜了。还有特别要注意的是”NOT TRUE”的概念，肯定有三个题是完
全符合原文意思的，千万别一激动就选A，定下心来回顾整个答案。可以说，阅读理解30分，只要大家能达到20以上，这份卷子通过应该不成问题。 我们来举例说明： People in cities all over the world shop in supermarkets. Who decides what you buy in the supermarkets? Do you decide? Does the supermarket decide? When you enter the supermarket, you see shelves full of food. You walk in the aisles(过道)between the shelves. You push a shopping cart and put your food in it. You probably hear slow music as you walk along the aisles; if you hear fast music, you walk quickly. The supermarket plays slow music. You walk slowly and have more time to buy things. Maybe you go to the meat department first. There is some meat on sale, and you want to find it. The manager of the supermarket knows where customers enter the meat department. The cheaper meat is at the
中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
英语阅读理解带翻译10篇精选参考英语阅读理解带翻译10篇：给予 Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not until in my late thirties that I made this important discovery： giving-away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving-away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving-away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post-office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. “Wasn’t it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home?” I said yes. “Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don’t know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.” 像绝大部分人，我长大看待生命是一个过程获得。直到我在30月底，我作出这个重要发现：给予，距离使我们的生活如此更令人兴奋的。您不必担心如果缺乏资金。这是我尝试让-消失。如果一个主意，
【一】 第一节翻译语篇（5小题，计10分） 阅读下面的短文，然后将划线部分的句子译成汉语或英语。 You are in your last year of junior high school. 66. Have you thought about what it will be like in high school? Are you ready for a fresh start in a new environment? Some high school graduates from the United States share their tips: Organize and plan your studies “The biggest thing is to stay organized,” says Philip Tubiolo, a graduate from Baypor t High Schools. 67. 他说你可以要么用纸要么用在线工具帮助你的学习. “I would transfer (转换) paper notes online and make study guides. Everything was in one spot (场所) for finals and midterms.” Find your interests “I knew I was more of a science kid.” says Bayport’s Tubiolo. “I took AP Biology in 10th grade and loved it”68. AP classes are college-level classes that high school students can take. He also joined his school’s Science Olympiad t eam.69. 在一次数学比赛中，他赢得了一等奖。He even decided on a college major, alt hough most students don’t need to make this choice so early. Find healthy ways to relieve stress and have fun “I t’s not just study, study, study,’’ says Roslyn High School student Todd Warshawsky. “I was a track (田径) runner. That was a stress reliever from study.” Sachem North High School graduate Erin Maryzek agrees. “70.我们都应该学会在学校生活中找到一些有趣的事情” says the Northeastern University freshman. 66.___________________________________________________________________________ 67.___________________________________________________________________________ 68.___________________________________________________________________________ 69.-__________________________________________________________________________ 70.___________________________________________________________________________ 【二】 第一节语篇翻译阅读下面短文，将画线的句子翻译成英文或中文。（共5小题，计10分） I started my school life at the age of six. At first the school for me, a boy, meant play, play and more play instead of sitting in the classroom and learning something. 66. However，I changed how I used to behave at school with the help of mv teachers. I tried my best to do well in my schoolwork and follow the school rules. Growing and learning were great fun. Every year we had different kinds of public service activities. 67.Not only could we learn things from them, but also we were given chances to show ourselves. It helped us know more. In Grade 8, I won prizes in drawing and English speech competitions. 68.同时，我通过加入社团交到了许多朋友。I am in Grade 9, and I have realized that I should give all my attention to my studies because I am going to take the exams to get into the senior high school. Soon, I’ll say goodbye to my teachers. 69.他们自我要求严格并且十分耐心。I believe whenever I think of them, I will be thankful. And I’ll never forget my classmates who are always kind to me. School is a place where all of us learn to care and share. School is not just a place, but a large building made up of rules, knowledge and love. 70. 每个人的学校生活都充满着影响他生活的起起落落。I can describe my school in ‘Three S S”. They are: Small, Sweet
中考英语阅读理解本章综合与测试（解析版） 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。 A According to a new survey, students’ safety has become a big problem. Nearly 50% of students say they are worried about robbery on the way to and from school. Now in main big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson: self-protection. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save lives and know how to stop danger before it really happens. Chen Haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No. 25 Middle School, gives young students advice on how to deal with danger. ★If you are robbed Keep calm. lf you can not cry for help or run away. Give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. ★If you are in a traffic accident If a car hits you. You should remember the car number. If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you don't know how seriously you are hurt ★If it is raining hard and there is lighting Don't stay in high places and stay away from trees. ★When there is a fire Get away as fast as yon can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take the lift. ★If someone is drowning If you can't swim, don't get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at all time! （1）Why do students like the self-protection lesson? ①Because there are no tests. ②Because the lessons are boring ③Because they can learn how to save lives. ④Because they can know how to stop danger b efore it happens. A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ （2）What will you do if a bicycle hurts you? A. I will remember the bicycle number. B. I won't let the rider go until I call my parents. C. I will let the rider go before I call my parents. D. I will let the rider go because I know how seriously I am hurt. （3）lf your house is on fire, you must__________. A. put dry things on your body B. run quickly and take the lift C. run away and find an exit as quickly as you can