介词及介词短语
【考点直】
1.常用介及其的主要用法及意
2.介表示、方位、方式的基本用法
3.一些易混介的辨析
【法解】
◆介词的功能
介是一种虚，用来表示名或相当于名的其它句中其它的关系，不能独使用。介可与名或相当于名的其它构成介短。介短可在句中作定，状，表和足。例如：
The boy The girl over
will
there
be
is
back
John’s
in two
brother.
hours.
(定)
(状)
◆介词和种类
(1)介，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,for, to,without等。
(2)复合介，如 by means of, along with,because of, in frontof, insteadof 等。
◆不同介词的用法
（ 1）表的介
1） at,in on
表示点用 at 。
例如： at six o’clock,at noon,at midnight 。
表示在某个世，某年，某月，某个季以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上，用in 。
例如：in the nineteenth century,in2002,in may, in winter,in the morning,in the aftern
oon 等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上，用on。
例如： on Monday,on July1st,on Sunday morning 等。
2） since,after
由 since和 after引的都可表示从去某一点开始的段，但since表示的段一直延到的
刻，因而往往要与在完成用。而after 所表示的段系去，因而要与一般去用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.
3）in,after
in 与将来用，表示“ 多以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段的。
after与将来用，后面只能跟表示点的。
after与去用，后面才能跟表示一段的。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.
（ 2）表示地点的介
1） at,in,on
at 一般指小地方； in 一般指大地方或某个范之内；on 往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。
例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.
2）over,above,on
over,on 和 above 都可表示“在??上面” ，但具体含不同。
over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反是under 。
above 也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反是below 。
on 指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一个的上面。
例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher ’ s desk.
3） across,through
across和 through均可表示“从一到另一” ，但用法不同。
across的含与 on 有关，表示作在某一物体的表面行。
through的含与 in 有关，表示作是在三空行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.
They walked through the forest.
4)in front of,in the frontof
in front of表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范以外；
in the front of表示“在??的前部”，在某个范以内。
例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.
◆常用介的用法辨析
一 .at/ in/on .
1.表示：
1). 表示某一具体点，某一刻/年
at six o’clock,
at noon,at that time,at the moment,at the age of...,at night
2)in表示段 , 一天的三个段以及月份, 年 , 季 , 世 , 人生的某个期( 某人几十 )
in the morning/afternoon/evening,in spring,in March,in the twenty-firstcentury,
in his fifties
3)on 表示星期几 / 某一具体的日子/ 具体某天的上午/ 下午 / 晚上 , 表示一天中的三个段名前有修或后有修
.
On Monday,on New Year’s Day ,on Sunday morning,on a rainy night
2 表示地点 :
1) at一般指小的地点或具体的位置at the station,at the cinema
2)in表示在大的地点或一个有限空里.in China,in the classroom
3)on指在某物体的表面上 .on the desk
注意 : 写街道时 , 若有门牌号用 at, 否则用 on/in都可 .He lives at 270 DongChang’an Street.
二 . 介 in/on/ to表方位 :
表示 A 地在 B 地范之内 .( 包含关系 )Taiwan is____the southeast of China .
表示 A,B 地接壤 .( 外切关系 )Hubei is____the north of Hunan .
表示 A,B 两地有一定的距.( 外离关系 )Japan is_____ the east of China .
三 .between/among在,,之
: 指两者之 .在,, .之.You sit_____ him and me .
: 用于三者或三者以上人或物之, 在...之中 .The song is popular______the students.
四 .after/in在 ...之后
1)after+段 .表示以去某一刻起点的一段之后, 用于去 .
2)after作介 .after doing sth
+一段 .表示或以在起点的将来一段之后. 用于将来 .
He came back ______ two days.
He will go home___finishing his homework .
He will come back_____ two days.
五 .with/in/by表示“用 ...”
表示“用 ...”一般指有形的工具/手段/人体器官.
He cut the apple into halves ____ a knife. (注 : with表伴随,“带有, 含有”)
2.in 表示用某种语言 , 方式 , 途径 . 或书写 / 绘画所用的材料 . 也可表交通方式 .
He wrote a letter____ blue ink .
3. by表示乘坐交通工具,表示方式 , 方法He makes a living____ sellingnewspapers .
注意 :同义词组
1).by phone=on the phone
2).by car=in a car
3).in pen=with a pen =with pens
六 .across/through/ over/ by经过
指横穿 , 穿过 .表示动作从某一物体表面上经过.
指穿过 , 透过 , 表示从某一物体空间内通过.
表示从某人或某物的上空经过或越过, 不与表面接触.
表示从某人 / 某物的旁边经过.
Can you swim______the river?
the elephant is so big that it can’t go _____ the gate .
I don’t think anyone can jump___ the fence.
I walked_____the bank of China yesterday .
七 .in front of/in the front of
the front of表示在 ... 内部的前面
front of表示在 ...外面的前面
八. 其它介词的用法：
的其它用法 .
1) 表示从事或正在做某事,其后加的名词往往不加冠词. She is at work now =She is working now .
2)at表示价格或速度The train ran at120kilometers an hour .
的其它用法 :
1)in表示“在 ...方面”do well in=be good at;be weak in
2)in 表示“穿着”后接表颜色的词或衣服.be in+衣服=be wearing+衣服
的用法 :
1).像/ 和...一样 .常与系动词连用look like,sound like
2). 与 what连用 ,“是什么样子 , 怎样” .--What is he like?--He is kind .
的用法 :
1).从 ...下来 ,脱离某物体 .fall off,get off
2).“ 休假” 通常放在时间名词之后.have+ 时间+off He hasn’t had a night off for two hours .
/besides
1).except除了...之外,都...不包括在范围之内.注:nothing but ,除了...之外,什么也没有 .
2).besides除了 ...之外 , 还有 ...包括在范围之内.
We all went swimming ______ Lucy.
There is_______ a letter in the box.
We study Japanese and French____English.
/without
1).with具有,含有反义词: without没
有with the help of= with one’s help =because of= thanks to
A).without+sb./sth.没有某人或某物
B).without+doing sth.He left here without____(say)“Goodbye”to us
C).without sth常与if引导的否定的条件句 .If there is no water,we can’t live.=We can’ t live_____________ .
the tree/in the tree
on the tree表示“树上本身长的东西”在树上 .而 in the tree表示“外界的物体进入树中”人或物在树上 .
8.since/for注 :since/for 用于现在完成时 .
1).since:
a).since+时间点
b).现在完成时 +since+一般过去时
c).since+一段时间 +ago.
2) for:for+一段时间 =since+一段时间 +ago
made +介词的区别 :
be made of由 ...制成( 看得见原材料 )
be made from由 ...制成( 看不见原材料 )
be made in+地点由哪儿生产
be made by sb.由某人制造
10. 表示“数量的介词”about , round ,around,over
1).about , round,around表示“大约,,”
2).over表示“超过” =more than.
/outside
inside在... 里面反义词 :outside在 ...外面
the wall/on the wall
in the wall表示“门窗在墙上”on the wall表示“某东西张贴或挂在墙上”
九 . 不用介词的情况 :
1).当时间状为:tonight,today,yesterday,tomorrow等时,不用介词 .What are you going to do tonight?
2)含有this,that,these,those,last,next,every,each等时间状语 .He went to Wuxi last week .
3). 以 all开头的时间状语前面不用介词 .He has worked all day .
4). 以 some,any,one等构成的时间状语前不用介词 .
◆介词短语
介词和动词、形容词或名词相结合后，形成复合词，有特定的意思。如下：
（ 1）动词 +介词（如： talk about ， look at ）
（ 2）be 动词 +形容词 +介词（如： be kind of ）
（ 3）介词 +名词（如： at home， on foot ， in time ）
①动词 +介词
look up 查看，查（字典）；talk to/with sb. 和某人谈论；look at 注视；listen to 倾听；call on sb.拜访某人；
②be 动词 +形容词 +介词
be kind to对（某人）
亲切;be late for迟到；be afraid of害怕；be short of缺乏 ;be sick of厌恶
③介词 +名词
1)英语中有大量成语由介词构成，单是一些常用介词就可构成大量常用短语和表达：
例如 at:
at 作 )first
at
sight
the
一见 ( 钟情 )at peace(war)
same time( 与此 ) 同时
处于和平(战争)状态at play(work)在玩耍(工
by:
by accident偶然by air航空by all means想一切办法by force靠武力by turns轮流by the way 顺便说一句
in:
in a sense从某种意义上说in danger处于危险中in fact实际上in general一般说来 in other words 换句话说
on:
on duty值班on fire着火 on foot步行on holiday在休假on purpose故意地on sale在出售on strike罢工
out of:
out of danger脱离危险out of fashion不时新 out of sight看不见 out of question不可能out of work 失业
2)有些介词夹在名词之间构成成语：
day after day日复一日地year after year年复一年
one after another 一个接一个地one by one 一个接一个
little by little一点一点地side by side并肩
step by step一步步地face to face面对面
hand in hand手牵手地day before yesterday前天 day aftertomorrow 后天
3)还有一些常用表达包含两个介词：
from beginning to end从头至尾from bad to worse越来越糟
from time to time不时地from head to foot浑身
from door to door 挨门挨户地from place to place到各地
【实例分析】
1． He has been late for school three times_____the morning of last Friday.
A.in
B.on
C.since
D.until
2． I forgot to bring the key______my office.
A.of
B.for
C.with
D.to
3.You’ ll get one thousand dollars_____.
A after all
B at all
C in all
D all together
【课堂作业】
I.用适当的介词填空。
1.I’ m sorry I can’ t say it______Chinese.
you usually go to school______bike?
,the farmer is carrying apples_____a truck.
anyone_____home?
look______my bird when I ’ m away.
Jim and Li Lei______ the same class?
is a hole______the wall.
8._______the beginning of this term,I met my new friend,Jim .
are a few leaves_______the tree.
girl______the red coat is my sister.
you give an orange______ me?
’ s time to go ______bed.
can see a bottle______ orange.
the basket_______there.
’ s wrong ______ your watch?
______ the studentsis in the classroom.
think the shop is closed______ this time of father teaches English_______ a school.
have lunch_______the middle of the day. can buy some school things______your way was born _______ July1st,1982.
I borrow a pencil_____ you?
day. home.
’ t sleep ____ the open air.
often help my mother ______ the housework.
’ s time ____ school.
have quite a lot_____homework to do.
’ s the time ?It’ s half_____five.
are good______swimming.
are you talking_______?
is sitting_____the front of the car.
II.选择填空。
1. ______ the money, she bought a new coat ______ her father.
A.With,for
B.With,to
C. For,with
D. To, wi th
2.The beautiful bottle was made______glass.
A.from
B. in
C.of
D. by
3.This is a map_______China.
B. at
C. of
D. On
4. A group______boys and
B.girls
of
are dancing in
C.
the park.
for D.
to
5.Tom always comes late_______school.
B.inside
C.to
D. for
6. Mr.Smith caught hold______Bob and said,"This is a good lesson_______you.
A.of,for
B.for,of
C.of,of
D.for;for
7.The shop______clothes is_______the right side_______the street.
A.of,at,beside
B.for,on,at
C.for,on,of
D. of, in,of
8.It’ s hot____summer in Beijing.
B.on
C.at
D.in
9.China is famous______her Great Wall .
B.for
C.to
D.of
10.These knives are made____ metal and wood .
B.of
C.by
D.in
11.My father returned at10o’ clock_____of June15.
the night B.by the night C.on the night D.at night 12._______your help,we finished the work on time.
B.Thanks of
C.Thank for D .Thanks to
13. China built a Great Wall ___ the northern part_____the country.
A.to,in
B.across,of
C.across,on
D. at,
14. He often mistakes me ______my brother.
B .as C.for D .with
woman _____a red dress is my aunt.
B.at
C.of
D.on
remember Susan left_____a very cold morning of January.
B.on
C.at
D.from
you very much ______lending the eraser_____me.
,at B.to,to C.for,to D.to,
18. Don’t tell anybody about it.Keep it______ you and me.
B.between
C.in
D.with
enjoy reading,but I can ’ t _____much time _____ it.
,on B.pay, in C. take,in D.cost,on one can stop her _____ leaving for Shanghai. A .of B.from
D .for
of
for
C .to
参考答案
1 .in.in .in
28
2 .by
11 .to
20 .on
.at29
3
12 .to
21
.about
.with .on 4 .at
13 .of
22 .from
30 .in
5 .after
14 .over
23 .in
1-5 ACCBC
6 .in
15 .With
24 .with
6-10
7 .in
16 .of
25 .for
ACDBB 11-15
8 .At
17 .at
26 .of
CDBCA
9 .on10
18 .in19
27 .past
16-20 BCBAB