英语语法基础知识句子种类及练习
句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1. 凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。
掌握陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. （肯定句）我们住在天津。
We don't live in Shanghai. （否定句）我们不住在上海。
注意：（1）在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
（2）一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要加助动词do （does）, did.
e.g. I don't like swimming. 我不喜欢游泳。
He doesn't have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午饭。
They didn't play football yesterday. 他们昨天没有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑问句要加助动词do（does）, did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在学校你常讲英语吗？
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟吗？
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作业花了你2个小时吗？
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父亲每天早晨几点钟起床？
Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？
提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or ＋一般疑问句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。说明or 前面部分用升调，后面部分用降调。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶还是喝咖啡？
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我们是周六还是周日去电影院？
反意疑问句表示提问
者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。
注意反意疑问句的结构是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问句（缩略形式）
或：否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句（缩略形式）
两部分的人称和时态要一致。
特别要注意否定的疑问句中的助动词必须缩写，主语（最后一个词）必须是代词而不能是名词。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasn't she ?
你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？
The boys didn't find anything , did they ?
男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？
在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答Yes , …，事实是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isn't going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去参加会，是吗？
Yes , he is . 不，他要去。
No , he isn't. 是的/对，他不去。
It didn't snow last week , did it ?
上周没有下雪，对吗？
Yes , it did. / No , it didn't. 不，下雪了。是的，没下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句没有主语。指让对方做某事，动词要用原形。表示请求，命令、建议等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise. 不要吵吵闹闹。
Let's go to school together ! 咱们一起上学去吧！
（let's是含有第一人称主语的祈使句）
Let him help the child. 让他帮助那个孩子。（let him是含有第三人称主语的祈使句）
注意：否定形式是Let's （us , me）+not +动词原形
e.g. Let's not say anything about it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说了。
4. 表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由What和How引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法。How和What与所修饰的词放在句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。在口语中谓语常省略。
（1）how作状语，修饰形容词，副词或动词
结构：How+形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力啊！
（2）what作宾语，修饰名词（名词前可有其他定语），单词可数名词前要加不定冠词a（an）.
结构：What a （an）+形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语
e.g. What a clever girl （she is ）!
她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物啊！
句子的类型可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
简单句：The Simple Sentence由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）构成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
并列句：The Compound Sentence 由并列词and , so , but , or等）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子。要掌握并列句的构成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我帮他，他帮我。
This is our first lesson , so I don't know all your names.
这是我们的第一节课，所以我不认识你们。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesn't like eggs at all.
她喜欢吃面包和牛奶，但她一点儿也不喜欢吃鸡蛋。
复合句：The Complex Sentence 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了，一定要去看医生。（状语从句）
I hope he's better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身体更好一些。（宾语从句）
熟练掌握宾语从句的语序及关联词that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法，以及宾语从句的时态。
在复合句中作主句的宾语，叫宾语从句。
注意：宾语从句的语序必须是陈述句语序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
宾语从句的时态呼应是：主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可以是任何一个时态。
如果主句的时态是一般过去时，从句必须是过去时态的一种形式。
当表示事实、真理、自然现象时必须用一般现在时。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老师告诉我们地球围绕太阳转。
请注意防止出现以下错误：
A. They said that they'll leave if Peter stays.
时态错误，应改为：They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
语序错误，应改为：He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
标点错误，问号应该改为句号。
熟练掌握由when , before , after , as soon a s , until , because , than , if , so …that等词引导的时间、原因，比较，条件、结果状语从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等的从句叫作状语从句。
时间状语从句：
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
当她到家时，她休息了一会儿。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士兰之前已经写完了那本书。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我写完文章之后才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
铃声一响，学生们就停止了谈话。
We won't leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回来我们才会离开。
原因状语从句：
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子们去农场是因为农民们需要帮忙。
比较状语从句：Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
条件状语从句：
If it rains tomorrow , we won't hold a sports meeting on the sportsground . 如果明天下雨，我们就不在运动场上开运动会了。
结果状语从句：
The box is so heavy that I can't lift it.
这个箱子太沉以致于我无法抬起来。
目的状语从句：
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said. 校长高声讲话为的是全体学生能够听到他所讲的话。
让步状语从句：
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
虽然他年龄小，但却认识许多事情。
状语从句的时态要与主句时态相互呼应。但要注意以as soon as , when , until 等引导的时间状语从句表示将来的动作时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美国就给我写信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
当我见到他时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
We won't leave until we finish our homework .
直到完
成作业我们才会离开。
以if 引导的条件状语从句假设的是将来的动作，主句用一般将来时，从句用一
般现在时。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果条件状语从句放在宾语从句中，时态则依照宾语从句的要求而变。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母亲说如果我努力学习，她要给我买一本书。
以because 引导的原因状语从句不可能和so 一起连用。
e.g. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天没来学校，因为他生病了。
注意防止出现以下错误：
A. I'm sure he'll ring you up if he will come back.
从句时态错误，will come 应该改为comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文习惯用“因为……所以……”，但在英语中because 不能和so 同时使用，应该去掉其中的一个。
【模拟试题】
I. 根据句意及首字母补全单词。
1. I'm sorry ______ I haven't f ______ my housework , so I can't go shopping with you now.
2. At last the new house is b _____ . We can live in it.
3. The s _____ in the classroom are working hard.
4. Where is my book ? I can't f _____ it.
5. My grandma is ninety y ____ old.
6. Her h ______ is reading in the garden.
7. Swimming is a very popular w _____ sport.
8. How many days have you s ______ in Sydney ?
9. His dream of being a soldier came t ______.
10. Taking c _____ of our environment is very important.
II. 单项选择：
1. Jim can't work out the problem . I can't work it out _______.
A. yet
B. also
C. either
D. too
2. I want to know which picture _______ best.
A. do you like
B. did you like
C. you are like
D. you like
3. When Edison was very young , he liked to find out how ______.
A. did things work
B. do things work
C. things work
D. things worked
4. Did you ask Kate when ______ the book ?
A. will she return
B. she will return
C. would she return
D. she would return
5. He asked me , "What ______ you usually ______ on Sundays ? "
A. do...do B. ×...do C. did...do D. × (i)
6. He asked me what ______ I usually ______ .
A. do...do B. ×...do C. did...do D. × (i)
7. Do you know where ______ two years ago ?
A. Mike studies
B. Mike studied
C. does Mike study
D. did Mike study
8. Does anyone know what time ______ tomorrow ?
A. he comes
B. he came
C. he will come
D. he would come
9. After she finished ______ the newspaper , he went to bed.
A. read
B. reading
C. to read
D. reads
10. We have walked for a long time . Let's stop ______ a rest .
A. have
B. having
C. to have
D. had
11. He has learned English for long , but I have never heard him ____ it yet.
A. say
B. speak
C. to speak
D. to say
12. Can you hear someone ______ upstairs now ?
A. talk
B. talking
C. talked
D. to talk
13. "Can I take the magazine out of the reading-room ? "
"No , I ________ you can't. "
A. think
B. 'm afraid
C. hope
D.
know
14. "I think you are a good student . " "________. "
A. No , I'm not
B. It's very kind of you to say so
C. No , I don't think so .
D. That's all right
15. "I'm afraid I can't help you. " "_______!"
A. Excuse me
B. Never mind
C. Yes , you are here .
D. Certainly
III. 从方框中选出下列对话中所需问答语，并将字母填入横线上。
Rose : What are you writing , Dad ?
Father : 1 I'm going to the supermarket . Is there anything special you want me to get ? Rose : 2 Dad ?
Father : Just a can of beans.
Rose : Well , we need a jar of jam . 3
Father : Sure . What kind , Rose ?
Rose : Coke or Pepsi. 4
Father : All right . What else ?
Rose : And we need some bread , Dad , 5 .
Father : Sure , And I'm going to get some fruit.
Rose : Good idea , Dad.
A. Can you get some whole wheat bread ?
B. A letter to my friend.
C. What's on the list so far .
D. A shopping list.
E. It doesn't matter.
F. Thank you very much .
G. Can you get a bottle of soda ?
IV. 根据中文提示用所给英文词语造句。
1. 妈妈常告诉我离开房间时别忘记锁门。
mother , often , tell , me , forget , lock the door , I , leave the room.
2. 对孩子们来说在动物园里观看各种各样的动物是很有趣的。
very interesting , children , watch , all kinds of animals , in the zoo.
3. 今天天热，明天怎么样？
hot , today , tomorrow
4. 如果他不先完成作业，他妈妈不会让他踢足球的。
his mother , him , play football , he , not , finish , his homework , first
5. 长安街大约十公里长，六十米宽。
Changan Street , about , ten kilometres , sixty metres
6. 星期天他常帮助那位老年妇女干家务。
he , often , help , the old woman , the housework , on Sundays
V. 阅读理解：
When you buy a T-shirt , or a fur coat in a store , it often carries a label （标签）telling who made it or from what store it was bought . Indeed , some labels show the dress is famous and it is very expensive , so buyers secretly wish they might be carried for ever . On the other hand , buyers who deal with the cheapest products would be pleased to do away with labels entirely.
However , there's a another label more important than the one showing from which store the dress was bought . When a person buys a fur coat , or a jacket , from a store , a label telling what the product is made of should be carried to it.
This label is required by law . Besides telling what the produce on show is made of , the label should be in clear . English and be where one can find it easily . The information on the label must be the truth.
The reason for this label is that most buyers today aren't expert enough to know exactly what kind of fur or material they are buying . The buyer must believe in the store that sells the products or in what the labels say.
1. The law requires that furs carry a _______.
A. clean label
B. clear label
C. white label
D. secret label
2. In the article , the auther says a little about ______.
A. black－market furs
B. managers' offices
C. chemical laboratories
D. clothing stores
3. This article mainly refers to _____.
A. making furs and clothes
B. protecting buyers with law
C. keeping the buyer informed
D. businessmen and sellers
4. The writer doesn't agree that ______.
A. buyers buy the clothes without labels
B. clothing stores sell cheap dresses
C. all the products have labels
D. labels are not true.
5. Which of the following is true ?
A. A T-shirt seldom carries a lable
B. A fur coat with a high price often carries a false label.
C. A label only says what material the product is made of
D. Not all buyers know the materials they are buying.
VI. 完形填空：
James wrote a play for relevision about an immigrant family , who came to England from Pakistan , and the trouble they had 1 down in England . The play was a successful 2 , so it was bought by an American TV company. James was invited to go to New York to 3 with the production . He lived in Dulwich , 4 is an hour's ride from Heathrow Airport . The flight was to leave at 8:00 a.m. , 5 he had to be at the airport about 7:30 in the morning . He 6 a taxi for 6:30 , 7 his alarm for 5:45 , and 8 to sleep . Unfortunately , he forgot to 9 the clock , and it stopped shortly after midnig ht . Also the taxi driver had to work 10 late that night to get up on time . James work up with a 11 feeling that something was wrong . He looked at the alarm clock 12 to find it had stopped there 13 , with its hands 14 to 12:10 . He turned on the radio and discovered that it was , in fact , 8:50 . He swore （咒骂）quietly . He was 15 having a cup of tea . 16 the nine o'clock pips 17 on the radio , The announer （播音员）began to read the news : "A Boeing 707 18 New York crashed shortly after 19 off this morning . Flight No. 2234 …"Jame's face turned pale . "My flight , "he said out aloud . "If I hadn't overslept , I 20 on that plane. "
1. A. going B. putting C. settling D. living
2. A. job B. work C. article D. program
3. A. begin B. help C. do D. deal
4. A. which B. it C. that D. what
5. A. and B. but C. so D. yet
6. A. took B. telephoned C. drove D. ordered
7. A. put B. set C. turned D. fixed
8. A. hoped B. wanted C. went D. got
9. A. clean B. repair C. see D. wind
10. A. very B. so C. rather D. too
11. A. strange B. usual C. normal D. natural
12. A. really B. only C. actually D. exactly
13. A. suddenly B. slowly C. silently D. quickly
14. A. referring B. referred C. pointing D. pointed
15. A. just B. then C. now D. later
16. A. as B. when C. while D. after
17. A. rang B. pronoun
ced C. shouted D. sounded
18. A. at B. in C. to D. for
19. A. leaving B. flying C. taking D. getting
20. A. was B. were C. would be D. would have been
【试题答案】
I. 1. finished 2. built 3. students 4. fined
5. years
6. husband
7. water
8. stayed
9. true 10. care
II. 1. C 2. D 3. D 4. D 5. A 6. D 7. B
8. C 9. B 10. C 11. B 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. B
III. 1. D 2. C 3. G 4. E 5. A
IV. 1. Mother often tells me not to forgot to lock the door when I leave the room.
2. It's very interesting for children to watch all kinds of animals in the zoo.
3. It's too hot today. What about tomorrow ?
4. His mother won't let him play football if he doesn't finish his homework first.
5. Changan Street is about ten kilometres long and sixty metres wide.
6. He often helps the old woman with / do the housework on Sundays.
V. 1. B 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. D
VI. 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. D
11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. C 20. D
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
中考英语语法填空知识点梳理及经典练习(超详细) 一、初三中考语法填空（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。Today almost everyone knows computers and the Internet. If I ask you" What is the most important in your life? ", maybe you will say" Computers and the Internet". The________（one）computer was made in 1946. It was very big but it worked________（slow）. Today computers are getting smaller and smaller. But________work faster and faster. What can computers do? A writer has said, "People can't live________computers today." The Internet came a little later than computers. It is about twenty-three years later than computers. But now it can________（find） almost everywhere. We can use it to read books, write letters, do________（shop）, play games or make friends. Many students like the Internet very much. They often surf the Internet as soon as they are free. They make friends on the Internet and maybe they have never seen these friends. They don't know their real________（name）, ages, and even sex（性别）. They are so________（interest） in making the "unreal friends" that they can't put their hearts into study. Many of them can't catch up with others on many subjects________of that. We can use computers and the Internet to learn more about the world. But at________same time, we should remember that not all the things can be done by computers and the Internet.【答案】first；slowly；they；without；be found；shopping；names；interested；because；the 【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介绍了电脑的发明时间，以及电脑的用途。还有电脑对我们生活的影响。 （1）句意：第一台电脑是在1946年制造的。根据定冠词the，可知应使用序数词first，故答案是first。 （2）句意：它很大，但是工作得很慢。slow修饰动词worked，应使用副词slowly，故答案是slowly。 （3）句意：但是他们工作的越来越快了。空缺处指代前文的computers，因此使用they，故答案是they。 （4）句意：现在没有了电脑人们不能生活。因为电脑在我们日常生活中越来越重要。所以没有电脑就不能生活，没有without，故答案是without。 （5）句意：但是现在到处都可以发它。主语it 和find是被动关系，应使用被动语态，含有情态动词的被动语态是：情态动词+be+过去分词，故答案是be found。 （6）句意：我们可以用电脑读书、写信和购物，购物do shopping，固定搭配，故答案是shopping。 （7）句意：他们不知道他们真正的名字。name名字，可数名词，根据their可知应使用复数形式，故答案是names。 （8）句意：他们对于结交不真实的朋友那么感兴趣，以致于不能把心思用在学习上。be interested in，对……感兴趣，故答案是interested。 （9）句意：因为这个原因，他们中的许多人在许多课程山上跟不上其他学生。because of
英语中的句子可以按其作用或者按其语法结构(即句子的形式)两种标准分类。下面是具体的分类依据和结果。 (1)按其作用或使用目的，句子可分为： 陈述句：This is a truck. 这是一辆卡车。 疑问句：Is this a truck? 这是卡车吗? 祈使句：Drive the truck away. 把卡车开走。 感叹句：What a big truck it is! 多么大的卡车! 按语法结构，句子可分为：(2)简单句：I am busy. 我很忙。 并列句：I am busy washing, but he is playing Majiang with them. 我在忙着洗衣服，但他却在跟他们打麻将牌。 复合句：Although I am busy washing, he is playing Majiang with them. 尽管我在忙着洗衣服，他却在与他们一块打麻将牌。 一、陈述句:用于说明一件事，表示一种看法或表达某种心情的句子，都是陈述句。陈述句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 1肯定句 He is a middle school teacher. 他是一位中学老师。(一般现在时) She is cleaning the room. 她正在收拾屋子。(现在进行时) They have visited the museum. 他们已经参观过这所博物馆了。(现在完成时) He did a lot of washing yesterday. 他昨天洗了好多衣服。(一般过去时) They had already finished quarrelling when I came. 我来时他们已经争吵完了。(过去完成时) The meeting will begin at once. 会议马上就要开始了。(一般将来时) 2否定句 (1)使用not否定： He isn't a worker. 他不是个工人。(一般现在时) She doesn't do the cleaning every day. 她不是每天都做卫生。(一般现在时) I haven't had my breakfast yet. 我还没有吃早点。(现在完成时) You didn't do your homework seriously. 你没有认真地做你的作业。(一般过去时) You mustn't take her to your parents. 你千万不要把她带到你的父母那里去。(情态动词) She needn't quarrel with him. 她没必要跟他吵。(情态动词) The house won't be painted. 这所房子将不粉刷了。(被动语态将来时) She might not notice you.
初中英语语法大全之句子的种类 2011-09-24 15:37:42 来源：本站原创进入论坛 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。Light travels faster than sound。光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring。这部电影很乏味。(说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)：提出问题。有以下四种： a.一般疑问句(General Questions)： Can you finish the work in time？ 你能按时完成工作吗？ b.特殊疑问句(W Questions；H Questions)： Where do you live？你住那儿？ How do you know that？你怎么知道那件事？ c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)： Do you want tea or coffee？ 你是要茶还是要咖啡？
d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions)： He doesn‘t know her，does he？ 他不认识她，对不对？ 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences)：提出请求，建议或发出命令，例如： Sit down，please。请坐。 Don’t be nervous！别紧张！ 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪，例如： What good news it is！多好的消息啊！ (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1)简单句(Simple Sentences)：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句，例如： She is fond of collecting stamps。她喜欢集邮。 (主)(谓) 2)并列句(Compound Sentences)：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接，例如： The food was good，but he had little appetite。 (主)(谓)(主)(谓) 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。 3)复合句(Complex Sentences)：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如：
2019-2020 年中考英语语法基础知识练习仁爱版 名词复习练习题 : ( 罗阳中学提供 ) 选择题 (30) ( ) 1. Billy has saved ______ money for his college expenses. A. a huge amount of B. a large number of C. the huge amount of D. the large number of ( ) 2. Would you please give us ______? A. some advice B. piece of advice C. some advices D. an advice ( ) 3. Please pass me ______. A. two paper B. two piece of paper C. two pieces of paper D. two pieces paper ( ) 4. There are many ______ in the fridge. A. food B. fruit C. eggs D. bread ( ) 5. How many ______ can you carry, Billy? A. bag of rice B. bag of rices C. bags of rice D. bags of rices ( ) 6. This pair of shoes is for you, and that ______ is for Mary. A. one B. shoes C. pair D. shoe ( ) 7. I like to wear this kind of ______. A. shirt B. a shirt C. the shirt D. shirts ( ) 8. He can do all kinds of ______. A. a thing B. things C. thing D. something ( ) 9. There is ______ under the bed. A. a pair of shoe B. a pair of shoes C. the pair of shoes D. a pair shoes ( ) 10. Every ______ is important to the lady. A. news B. advice C. story D. information ( ) 11. Is there ______ in your house to put in this large bed? A. enough room B. enough rooms C. a lot rooms D. a room enough ( ) 12. Is there any more ______? A. egg B. bread C. banana D. vegetable ( ) 13. We will stay in China for ______. A. one and a half years B. one and a half year C. one and half years D. half and one year ( ) 14. That man doesn ’t look his age, I think he ’s somewhere______. A. in his thirties B. in his thirtieth C. in thieties D. in his thirty ( ) 15. She was very happy. She______ in the maths test. A. makes a few mistakes B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake ( ) 16. We need some ______. Can you go and get some, please? A. many potato B. many potatoes C. more potatoes D. much potatoes ( ) 17. ______ are ______ for cutting things. A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using ( ) 18. What big ______ the tiger has! A. tooth B. teeth C. tooths D. toothes
句子的种类 类别例句用法 陈述句肯 定 This is a bag. I like spring. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 陈述句否 定 I can’t see a bag over there. I don't know. 描述一件事情或者说明 说话人的看法 疑问句一 般 Are you a student? Does she get up early? Do you like swimming? Can you speak English? 用于提出问题特 殊 when什么时间；who谁；whose谁的；where在哪里；which 哪一个；why为什么；what什么；what time什么时间；what colour什么颜色；what about……怎么样；what day星期 几；what date什么日期；what for为何目的；how怎样； how old多大岁数；how many数量多少；how much多少钱； how about……怎么样；how far多远 选 择 Is your friend a boy or a girl? 反 意 It’s a fine day, isn’t it? 祁使句肯 定 Put it here. 表示命令、建议或请求否 定 Don’t look at the noticeboard. 感叹句How smart the scarf is! What a smart scarf! How hard he studies! 表示惊讶、喜悦、赞美、 厌恶或愤怒等强烈感情 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。
初中英语语法------句子的种类A英语中的句子按其使用目的，句子可分为：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、和感叹句。 Eg: 陈述句：This is a dog. 疑问句：Is this a dog? 祈使句：Open your eyes! 感叹句：What a beautiful building it is! 简单句：I am studying. 并列句：I was born in a small village and I lived there for nearly ten years. 复合句：As soon as I get there, I'll call you. 1 陈述句凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者是表达一种心情的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，陈述句可以用肯定式和否定式。陈述句句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。 Eg：We live in Beijing. We don't live in Beijing. (1) be 动词、一般动词（实义动词）、情态动词的否定句 I am not a student. I don't know him. He can't speak English.
be 动词的否定句句型：主语+ be动词+ not + … I wasn't good at English. They weren't at home yesterday. He isn't my cousin. 进行时和被动语态都有be 动词，它们的否定句与be动词的否定句同形。 Eg：They aren't cleaning the room. The child was not looked after by anybody. 将来时（will，shall）、完成时及情态动词的被动语态不能用be动词否定句型。 They will not be sent to the front. They will be not sent to the front.× 情态动词的否定句 句型：主语+情态动词+ not + 动词原形 Eg：I can't do it myself. You mustn't take the books out. You must not go there alone. 一般动词的否定句． 句型：主语+ do/does/did + not + 动词原形 Eg: They didn't live in Shanghai. He doesn't do his homework every day.
语法基础知识 目录 一、字母与语音 (1) 二、词法 (3) 三、句法 (12) 四、时态 (16)
语法基础知识 一、字母与语音 主要字母组合的发音 字母组合发音例词ar[a:]car,bar,far,star al[?:]small ay[ei]play ea[i：]tea,beat,read,eat [ei]break,great [e]bread ee[i：]bee,see,Lee,jeep ei[ei]eight oo[u]cook,foot,look,classroom [u：]boot,food,gooes,room oa[?u]coat,boat,goat oi[?i]oil ir[?:]bird oor[?:]door oy[?i]boy ow[au]how [ ?u]Know ou[au]house or[?:]work,world,worse [?]doctor,visitor,tractor
[?:]morning er[?]sister,brother,mother,father [?:]her,term ir[?:]bird,shirt,third,girl eer[i?]beer,deer,cheer ur[?:]turn eir[e?]their ere[ε?]there,where ear[i?]hear,fear [ε?]pear,bear,wear air[ε?]chair,hair th[θ] three,thirty,thin,thousand [e]this,those,these,they ck[k]chick,click,cock,clock sh[?]Shoe,shame,she,shake ch[t?]teach,chick,China,choose [k]Chemistry,Christmas,school ng[?]sing ph[f]elephant 几个发音特殊的辅音字母 A.字母c在a,l,o,r,u等前读[k],如come[k ?m],coat[k ?ut] 等. 字母c在e,I,y前读[s],如pencil[pensl]等 B.字母g一般读[g],如go[g?u],leg[leg]等， 字母g和e(即ge)在词尾读[d?],如orange[?rind?]等 C.双写辅音字母虽然是两个相同的辅音字母写在一起，但只读一个音,如
初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途，句子可分为四类： 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法，陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示：
肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时，如句中有already，some，something，somebody等词，须分别改成yet，any，anything，anybody 等。 另外，也要注意，too改成either，both改成neither，all改成none等。 2. 疑问句
3. 常用的特殊疑问句
4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时，“will you?”意为“请求”，“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句： Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问，用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句： What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时，用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句： I'm working now, aren’t I?
句子的种类 (1)一般疑问句 用来询问一件事或情况是否属实。用yes 或 no 来回答。 (2)特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由特殊疑问词加一般疑问句构成，不能用yes来no回答。一般用完整的回答或是直接回答疑问词的提问。Where are you from? I am from Beijing. 或Beijing. (3)选择疑问句 提供两种或两种以上的选项供对方选择，前面的选项之间用逗号分隔开来，后两项之间用or连接，回答时选择一种。 Would you like a pear, an apple or a banana ? I’d like a b anana。 (4)反意疑问句 由陈述句加一个简短问句构成，简短问句对陈述句提出相反的疑问。如果陈述句部分是肯定，后面问句就用否定形式；陈述句部分是否定，简短问句则用肯定形式。 He likes music, doesn’t he? Yes,he does. 是的，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不，他不喜欢。 He doesn’t like music, does he ? Yes,he does. 不，他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 是的，他喜欢。 即回答应该按实际情况来回答，实际情况是肯定的，就用yes。否定的就用no.
小学英语一般疑问句，否定句以及对划线部分提问的解题指导 改为一般疑问句： 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，放在最前面， 如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，句前加Did，其余照抄； 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，句前加Does,其余照抄 以上都不是，则句前加Do，其余照抄。 改为否定句： 方法和上面一样， 先找am, is, are, was, were或can, would，再后加not，其余照抄 如没有则判断是否为过去式，是则动词改为原形，人后加didn’t，其余照抄； 不是则判断是否为第三人称单数，是则动词改为原形，人后加doesn’t,其余照抄 以上都不是，则人后加don’t，其余照抄 对划线部分提问： ①用适当的疑问词代替划线部分，②将剩余部分改为一般疑问句 （注：如划线部分为主语，则用who代替，其余照抄；如划线部分为动词或动词短语，则用do代替，句前加what，再改为一般疑问句）例如： He is running now.----- He isn’t ru nning now. ---Is he running now? ---Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. They are making a puppet.---- They aren’t making a puppet.---Are they making a puppet? ---Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. I often watch TV in the evening.------ I don’t often watch TV in the evening.---- Do you often watch TV in the evening?-----Yes, I do. No, I don’t. He plays football after school. ---- He doesn’t play football after school. Does he play football after school?----Yes, he does. No,he doesn’t. We began class at 8 o’clock yesterday.------ We didn’t begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday. Did you begin class at 8 o’clock yesterday? ---Yes,we do. No, we don’t. 练一练： 1、填入适当的疑问词。 1) _____wallet is it? It’s mine.2) ____is the Christmas Day? It’s on t he 25th of Decem ber. 3)________is the diary? It’s under the chair. 4) ______is the boy in blue? He’s Mik e.
Contents 第一章名词 1.名词的数 2.名词的格 第二章代词 1.人称代词 2.物主代词 第三章冠词与数词 1.冠词 2.数词 第四章一般现在时态第五章现在进行时态第六章句型 1．陈述句 2．疑问句
3．祈使句 4．There be 句型与have\ has 第七章总结考试 第一章名词（Noun） 名词的概念 在生活中，我们会接触到各种各样的人和事物，用来表示这些人或事物名称的词就是名词。 一、名词的数 名词的数指名词的单数和复数形式。可数名词表示“一个”时用单数，“两个以上”时用复数；不可数名词表示量时，通常用“数词+单位+of+物质名词”的形式，如a piece of bread (一片面包)，变为复数时，只须将单位名词变为复数，如：two pieces of bread(两片面包)。 *名词复数的构成法则 1. 一般情况下在词尾加 s. 词尾读音 shop --- shops (商店) 在清辅音后读[ s ] bag --- bags (书包) 在浊辅音后读[ z ] window --- windows (窗户) 在元音后读[ z ] 2. 以s, x, sh, ch 结尾的单词在词尾加es。 class --- classes (班级) 词尾读音[ iz ]
box --- boxes (盒子) match --- matches (比赛) brush --- brushes (刷子) 3. 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，变y为i 加es. story --- stories (故事) 词尾读音[ iz ] 4. 以“元音字母+y”结尾的词，在词尾直接加s key --- keys 词尾读音[ z ] monkey --- monkeys 5.以“o”结尾的名词，复数一般在词尾加“s”, 但个别加“es” tomato --- tomatoes (西红柿) 词尾读音[ z ] potato --- potatoes (土豆) zoo --- zoos (动物园) photo --- photos (照片) *（以“o”结尾，复数加“es”）口诀： 黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿着西红柿(tomato)，右手拿着破土豆(potato)， 头顶一个大芒果（mango）。 6. 以f或fe 结尾的词，多数变f或fe 为ves. leaf --- leaves (树叶) 词尾读音[ vz ] knife --- knives ( 小刀)
v1.0可编辑可修改 英语语法基础知识大全 第一节词类和句子成分 一、词类 能够自由运用的最小语言单位叫词。根据词的形式、意义及其在句中的作用所作的分类叫词 类（ parts of speech）。 英语的词通常分为十大类，即名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词、介词、连词 和感叹词。现分别叙述如下： （一）名词 名词 (noun) 是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。例如： foreigner 外国人 soap肥皂Newton 牛顿 law法律freedom 自由peace 和平 英语名词可分为两大类： 1。普通名词 (common noun) 是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如： teacher 教师market 市场 rice大米 magazine 杂志sound 声音 production生产 2。专有名词 (proper noun) 是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的第一个字母必须 大写。例如： Hemingway 海明威Russia俄罗斯 New York 纽约United Nations联合国 名词又可分为可数名词(countable noun) 与不可数名词 (uncountable noun) 两种。可数名词有单、复数之分。绝大多数名词的复数形式的构成是在单数名词的后面加-s 或 -es 。例如：shop→shops 商店bus→buses 公共汽车library→libraries图书馆 toy →toys玩具leaf →leaves树叶 英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的。例如： man→men 男人 tooth →teeth牙齿datum→data数据 有关名词复数形式构成的具体规则，请参阅有关的英语语法书。 （二）冠词
高中英语语法基础——强调句型知识点归纳讲解（附同步练习） 在高中英语中，强调句是重点句型，也是难点句型，更是考试中的高频句型。作为英语语言表达中一种句型，强调句的使用，目的在于通过强调主语、宾语或者是状语某个部分，来强化表述自己对一句话中某一个点（时间、地点、人物、事件等方面）的情感，态度和意愿。强调句属于主从复合句，但强调部分只强调句子的某一个成分。英语中常用的强调结构有：It is (was)+被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语)+that/who...（陈述句）；疑问词what/how/why…+be it that…句型（疑问句）；It was not until… + that…句型。 一）、陈述句强调句型 （1）It is/was+被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+that/who（当强调主语且主语指人）+从句。如：原句：Mary did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调主语：It was Mary who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 强调宾语：It was the experiment that Mary did in the lab yesterday evening. 强调时间：It was yesterday evening that Mary did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) 强调地点：It was in the lab that Mary did the experiment yesterday evening. (注意不用where) （2）强调谓语动词时，用助动词do/does或did。 如：Do remember to get up early tomorrow, or we will miss the train. Do be careful when you cross the street. He did write to you last week. Mr.White, I did hand in my homework to you this morning. 二）、疑问句强调句型 1、一般疑问句的强调句型：形式上只需将is / was提前，即：Is / Was+ it+被强调部分+that / who+从句? 如：Was it your brother that made you get hurt? Was it in Beihai Park that they made a date for the first time? 2、特殊疑问句的强调句型：被强调部分（通常是疑问词Who / When / What / How / Where / Why...） +is / was+it+that+从句？ 如： 原句：How did he come here ? 强调句：How was it that he came here ? 原句：Why did he came late ? 强调句：Why was it that he came late ? 原句：When / Where did you met your girlfriend for the first time ? 强调句：When and where was it that you met your girlfriend for the first time ?
一、选择题 1．My sister and I like eating two _______ and some _______ for dinner. They are really delicious. A．salad; eggs B．salads; eggs C．salad; eggs D．salads; egg 2．Alan usually goes to Harbin in .He likes playing with snow. A．May B．July C．September D．November 3．Is it a picture_________ your school? A．of B．to C．and D．with 4．—Let’s make a banana milk shake. —How many ________ do we need? A．bananas B．cup of milk C．honey 5．---- _________ is it from Nanjing to Beijing? --- It’s less than three ___________ flight. A．How long, hour’s B．How far, hour’s C．How long, hours’D．How far, hours’ 6．With the ________ of society, our environment is becoming worse and worse. So we should do what we can ________ our environment. A．development; to protect B．developing; to protect C．development; protect D．develop; protect 7．—Do you know Shanghai is one of _______ in the world? —Yes, it’s bigger than _______ city in China. A．the biggest city; any B．the biggest cities; any C．the biggest cities; any other D．the biggest cities; the other 8．This is Mary and that is Kate.______ my______． A．She's； friend B．They're； friends C．They're； friend 9．Those _________ plans for the holiday sound great. How about ________? A．girl’s ; yours B．girls’; you C．girls ; your D．girls’; yours 10．These are some photos of ________ bedroom. What a tidy and comfortable room! A．Jerry’s and Jenny’s B．Jerry and Jenny’s C．Jerry’s sand Jenny 11．My mother often________when she was a young girl. A．keep diaries B．keep diary C．kept diaries D．kept diary 12．-Can I help you? -Yes. I'd like__________ rice. A．a small bar of B．a slice of C．a large bag of D．a piece of 13．_______mother usually cooks for_______ at the weekend. A．Lily and Nick; their B．Lily's and Nick's; them C．Lily and Nick's; their D．Lily and Nick's; them