x2014年5月英语三级笔译实务试题及答案
英译汉
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop and hiss while melting away, this remote Arctic town and its culture are also disappearing in a changing climate.
Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp factory, closed a few years ago after the crustaceans fled north to cooler water. Where once there were eight commercial fishing vessels, there is now one.
As a result, the population here, one of southern Greenland’s major towns, has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade. Suicides are up.
“Fishing is the heart of this town,” said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman. “Lots of people have lost their livelihoods.”
But even as warming temperatures are upending traditional Greenlandic life, they are also offering up intriguing new opportunities for this state of 57,000 —perhaps nowhere more so than here in Narsaq.
Vast new deposits of minerals and gems are being discovered as Greenland’s massive ice cap recedes, forming the basis of a potentially lucrative mining industry. One of the world’s largest depo sits of rare earth metals — essential for manufacturing cellphones, wind turbines and electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.
This could be momentous for Greenland, which has long relied on half a billion dollars a year in welfare payments from Denmark, its parent state. Mining profits could help Greenland become economically self sufficient and render it the first sovereign nation created by global warming.
“One of our goals is to obtain independence,” said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a prominent labor union leader.
But the rapid transition from a society of individual fishermen and hunters to an economy supported by corporate mining raises difficult questions. How would Greenland’s insular settlements tolerate an influx of thousands of Polish or Chinese construction workers, as has been proposed? Will mining despoil a natural environment essential to Greenland’s national identity —the whales and seals, the silent icy fjords, and mythic polar bears? Can fisherman reinvent themselves as miners?
“I think mining will be the future, but this is a difficult phase,” said Jens B. Frederiksen, Greenland’s housing and infrastructure minister and a deputy premier. “It’s a plan that not everyone wants. It’s about traditions, the freedom of a boat, family professions.”
The Arctic is warming even faster than other parts of the planet, and the rapidly melting ice is causing alarm among scientists about sea-level rise. In northeastern Greenland, average yearly temperature have risen 4.5 degrees in the past 15 years, and scientists predict the area could warm by 14 to 21 degrees by the end of the century.
参考译文：
皮艇港的座冰山融化了，爆裂声，嘶嘶声，不绝于耳。和冰川一样，随着气候变化，这座偏远的北极小镇及其文化也在渐渐消逝。
纳萨克地区最大的企业是一家虾厂。几年前，由于虾蟹向北部更寒冷地区逃离，这家工厂只得关停。过去一度拥有的八艘商业渔船，现在也只剩下一艘了。
因此，尽管是格陵兰岛南部的主要城镇，短短十年间这里的人口减少了一半，仅剩1500人。自杀率也正在上升。
“捕鱼业是这个小镇的支柱产业”，63岁的渔民汉斯·卡斯佩森说，“所以很多人失去了生计。
不过，逐渐升高的气温在颠覆着格传统陵兰岛生活的同时，也为这片人口5.7万的土地/自治领提供了新机遇。在纳萨克，这种机遇可能尤为突出。
格陵兰岛大量冰帽消融过程中，这里又发现了储量不菲的各种矿物和宝石资源，为采矿业发展提供了良好条件，利润可能颇为可观。纳萨克城外有稀土金属矿藏，储量高居世界前列，是手机、风轮机和电动汽车生产加工需要的重要原料。
这对于格陵兰岛来说意义重大，该岛长期依赖母国丹麦拨付的 5 亿美元维持民生。采矿业可以增强格陵兰岛经济自足的能力，并有可能由此成为第一个全球变暖造就的主权国家。
知名工会领袖维图斯·奎奥基茨克（Vittus Qujaukitsoq）说：“我们的目标之一就是取得独立。
不过，对于由个体渔民和猎人组成的社会，短时间里经济支柱向矿业企业转变也引发了一些难题。有人已经提出，要引入成千上万的波兰或中国建筑工人，然而格陵兰岛居民习惯了与世隔绝的生活，如今他们该如何接纳这些外来者？采矿业是否会破坏支撑格陵兰岛形象的自然环境，影响格陵兰岛标志性的鲸鱼、海豹、寂静冰川海湾？对于渔民，又能否接受变为矿工的身份转变？
“我认为采矿业将是我们的未来希望所在，但这是一个艰难的过程，”格陵兰住房与基础设施部长、副总理真斯·B·佛雷德利克森说，“这并不是一个人人都期望的计划。这将涉及到传统，驾船的自由以及家庭职业。”
北极的变暖速度比地球上其他任何地方都要快，迅速融化的冰川也引起了科
学家对于海平面上升的警觉。过去的十五年中，格陵兰岛东北部年均增长温度已经达到了4.5度，科学家预言，到本世纪末，该地区气温将升高14到21度。
汉译英
中华民族历经磨难，自强不息，从未放弃对美好梦想的向往和追求。实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦是近代以来中华民族的夙愿。
With great tenacity, the Chinese nation has emerged resilient from
trials and tribulations. It has never given up its pursuit of great dreams. The great renewal of the Chinese nation has been a long-cherished dream of the Chinese nation since modern times.
在新的历史时期，中国梦的本质是国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。我们的奋斗目标是，到2020年国内生产总值和城乡居民人均收入在2010年基础上翻一番，全面建成小康社会。到本世纪中叶，建成富强民主文明和谐的社会主义现代化国家，实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。实现中国梦，必须坚持中国特色社会主义道路。我们已经在这条道路上走了30多年，历史证明，这是一条符合中国国情、富民强国的正确道路，我们将坚定不移地沿着这条道路走下去。
实现中国梦，必须弘扬中国精神。用以爱国主义为核心的民族精神和以改革创新为核心的时代精神振奋起全民族的“精气神”。
实现中国梦，必须凝聚中国力量。空谈误国，实干兴邦。我们要用13亿中国人的智慧和力量，一代又一代中国人不懈的努力，把我们的国家建设好，把我们的民族发展好。
实现中国梦，必须坚持和平发展。我们将始终不渝走和平发展道路，始终不渝奉行互利共赢的开放战略，不仅致力于中国自身发展，也强调对世界的责任和贡献；不仅造福中国人民，而且造福世界人民。实现中国梦给世界带来的是和平，不是动荡；是机遇，不是威胁。
译文
In this new historical era, the Chinese dream that we are pursuing is about three things: economic prosperity, national renewal, and happiness of the Chinese people. We have two goals: First, to double the 2010 GDP and per capita income of both urban and rural residents and finish the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020. Second, to build a modern socialist country that is strong, prosperous, democratic, culturally advanced and harmonious and fulfill the Chinese dream of achieving the great renewal of the Chinese nation by mid-21st century.
To realize the Chinese dream, we must stay on the path of socialism with Chinese characteristics. We have been on this path for over 30 years. History has proven it to be the right path that suits China's national conditions, bringing about prosperity to China and its people. We will continue to advance along this path.
To realize the Chinese dream, we must promote the Chinese spirit. We need to boost the morale of the whole nation with the patriotism-imbued national spirit and call of the time, namely, reform and innovation.
To realize the Chinese dream, we must pool the strength of the whole country. Empty talk is harmful to the nation, while doing practical work will make it thrive. With the wisdom and strength of the 1.3 billion Chinese and through the unremitting efforts of generations of the Chinese people, we will make China strong and the Chinese nation prosperous.
To realize the Chinese dream, we must pursue peaceful development. We will unwaveringly follow the path of peaceful development and the win-win strategy of opening-up. We will both pursue China' s development and live up to our responsibilities and make our due contribution to the world. We will work for the common good of both the Chinese people and the people of the world. When realized, the Chinese dream will bring peace and opportunities to the world, not turbulence or threat.
公共英语三级考试大纲 概述 1.关于考试的组成 PETS第三级考试由笔试和口试两项独立考试组成。 2.关于考试指导语和题目用语 PETS第三级考试中，笔试、口试的指导语均为英文。口试所提供的引导性材料中可能会涉及少量的中文。 3.关于笔试答题卡和口试登分卡的使用 PETS第三级笔试使用一张答题卡，考生在卡上填涂和书写。 PETS第三级口试使用一张口试成绩登分卡。口试开始前考生在卡上填好自己的考号等有关信息，口试结束后口试教师在卡上填上考生的口试成绩。 4.关于考试的时间、题量和原始赋分 PETS第三级笔试包括听力、阅读和写作三部分，各部分及总体的答题时间、题量和原始赋分（除特殊情况外，每题1分），PETS第三级口试包括三节，考试时间共计10分钟，如下表所示： 5.关于笔试分数权重 为处理好考试中题目数量、赋分与各种技能的考查关系，PETS第三级笔试采用了分数加权的办法，即对各部分题目的原始赋分分别给予不同的权重，使之能够平衡各种技能的考查关系。 PETS第三级笔试中各部分所占分数权重如下所示：
各部分赋分加权的总和为100分。考生得到的考试成绩是其各部分原始得分经过加权处理后的分数总和。如： 某考生听力部分原始得分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为24分 （20÷25×30-2440=3230=16部分原船分为20分，经加权处理后的分数应为32分（20÷25×40=32分）；其写作部分原始得分为16分，经加权处理后的分数应为16分（16÷30×30=16分）。该考生未经过加权的原始总分为56分，各部分经加权后的总分应为72分。 6.关于合格成绩 PETS第三级笔试成绩是笔试各部分原始得分加权后的总和，满分100分，60分以上（含60分）为合格。 PETS第三级口试成绩是两名口试教师所给分数加权后的总和，满分5分，3分以上（含3分）为合格。 笔试内容和结构 PETS第三级笔试的全部试题在一份试卷中，包括听力、阅读和写作三个部分。考试时间为120分钟。 第一部分听力 该部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生理解英语口语的能力。 A节（10题）：考查考生理解简短对话的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的10段简短对话（总长约400词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。 B节（15题）：考查考生理解对话和独白的具体信息、主旨要义、进行推理和引申等能力。要求考生根据所听到的4段对话或独白（每段平均约200词，总长约800词），从每题所给的4个选择项中选出最佳选项。每段录音材料只播放一遍。 问题不在录音中播放，仅在试卷上印出。每段录音材料播放前、后都有适当停顿，用作读题和答题时间。听力考试进行时，考生将答案标在试卷上；听力部分结束前，考
2018年5月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案 英译中 第一篇文章 Near Cambodia's Temple Ruins a Devotion to Learning. 走进破败的柬埔寨庙宇，感受学习的热情。 Millions of tourists come here every year to visit the ancient ruins of Angkor Wat an influx that has helped transform what once resembled a small laid-back village into a thriving and cosmopolitan town with thumping nightlife and more than 10000 hotel rooms. 每年，都有数以百万计的游客造访吴哥窟，以观赏当地古老的历史遗迹，而这个游客聚居之地，也一改往日偏僻村落的闲适之常态，一举成为一座经济发展呈迅猛之势的国际化城镇。一万间宾馆客房拔地而起，赋予游客激情四射的夜生活。 But the explosion of the tourism industry here has also done something less predictable. Siem Reap which had no universities a decade ago is now Cambodia’s second-largest hub for higher education after the capital Phnom Penh. 但是，吴哥窟旅游业的爆棚式发展，也取得了某些意料之外的成果。十年前，暹粒还是一片学术的不毛之地，而今，暹粒已发展壮大成为柬埔寨第二大高等教育中心，高等院校规模仅次于首都金边。 The sons and daughters of impoverished rice farmers flock here to work as tour guides receptionists bartenders and waitresses. When their shifts are over they study finance English and accounting. 来自贫困稻农家的儿女们，一股脑地涌向暹粒。他们在这里要么做导游，要么从事接待工作；要么做调酒师，从事服务生的活计。每及轮班结束后，他们便会一头扎进金融、英语和会计的学习之中。 The establishment of five private universities here is helping to transform the work force in this part of Cambodia. Employers say that English proficiency is rising and that workers who attend universities stand out for their ability to express themselves and make decisions. A generation of students who would otherwise have had little hope to study beyond high school are enduring grueling schedules to get a degree and pursue their dreams. 暹粒设立的五所私立大学，正为改观当地的劳动人口推波助澜。老板们表示，员工的英语水平正在飞跃，接受高等教育的员工能表达自己的意愿，然后作出相应的决策，从而，也就容易在职场中脱颖而出。这一代学生本未对在高中毕业后继续深造寄予厚望，而现在，他们正在努力地完成繁重的学业，以期获得学位，追寻梦想。 Khim Borin a 26-year-old tour guide by day and law student by night says he wants to become a lawyer. But he sometimes has trouble staying awake in class during the high tourist season when he spends hours scaling vertiginous temple steps and baking in the tropical sun. 时年26岁的金?波林，白天做导游，晚上却是一名主修法律的学生。波林声称，他梦想成为一名律师。然而，在旅游的旺季，他每天都要爬上那令人晕眩的神庙台阶，且还不得不在热带阳光的炙烤下暴晒数个小时，这不免让他在晚间的课堂上心力交瘁。 But the symbiosis of work and study here came together without any master plan. 而在暹粒，工作与学习相得益彰，并无任何的总体规划。
1. a bit (of) 有一点儿 2. a couple of 两个；几个 3. a group of 一群 4. a kind of 一种; 一类 5. a lot of (lots of) 许多 6. a pair of 一双; 一副 7. a piece of "一(块,张,片,件)" 8. according to 按照;根据 9. after all "终究, 毕竟" 10. after school 放学后 11. agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 12. all day (long) 整天 13. all over 到处 14. all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了 15. all the same "还是, 仍然" 16. all the time 一直 17. all the way 一路上 18. and so on 等等 19. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉 20. arrive at / in a place 到达某地 21. as well 也;又 22. ask for 请求; 寻求
23. at breakfast /lunch /supper 早/午/晚餐时 24. at first / last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后；终于 25. at home 在家(里) 26. at least / most 至少/ 至多 27. at once 立刻;马上 28. at present "现在, 目前" 29. at school 在学校;在上课 30. at the moment "此刻,目前; 那时,当时 31. at the same time 同时 32. at work 在工作 33. at/on weekends 在周末 34. be able to 能够(有能力) 35. be afraid of 害怕 36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 37. be bad for 有害于 38. be born 出生于 39. be busy with / doing sth. 忙于做某事 40. be careful with 小心 41. be covered with 被……覆盖 42. be different from 与……不同 43. be familiar to 对……熟悉 44. be famous for 以……而著名
英语笔译实务3级配套训练第六单元 英译汉（二） A Passion for Sport Australians have always loved sport, and excelled at it. Even before Federation in 1901, “Australia” was competing internationally as a nation. Despite its relatively small population, Australia has consistently had world champions in most sports. The most recent example of Australia’s sporting prowess is its athletes’ success at the Sydney 2000 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Finishing in fourth place overall in the Olympic competition, Australians won 58 medals. Australia gained first place in the Paralympics, with a total of 149 medals. But it is not just a strong will and a natural aptitude for sport that makes Australian athletes champions in their disciplines. Applying the newest scientific technologies to training can literally mean the difference between winning and losing in competition. The role that science plays in sport is now a major factor in Australia’s sporting success. In addition, Australia’s elite athletes have a large support network of coaches, managers, scientists, doctors, physiotherapists and nutritionists. 1 / 4
2018年11月翻译资格考试二级英语笔译实务真题及答案 【英译中】【Passage 1】 New drone footage gives a glimpse of the damage that Hawaii’s Big Island sustainedin the wake of volcanic explosions in recent days. Smoke can be seen billowing off the lava as it creeps down roads and through wooded areas toward homes. Fires are visible with terrifying streams of brightness breaking through the surrounding areas of black. After a day of relative calm, Kilauea roared back in full force on Sunday,spewing lava 300 feet in the air, encroaching on a half mile of new ground and bringing the total number of destroyed structures to 35. 从无人机拍摄到的最新视频中，可以大概了解到近日火山喷发后，夏威夷大岛所遭受的损失情况。火山岩浆在道路上、树林里蔓延，直逼住家，岩浆所到处浓烟滚滚。在一片漆黑中可见多处大火，火光十分刺眼。基拉韦厄火山经过相对平静的一天后，周日又火力全开，将岩浆喷到300英尺高空，又侵蚀了半英里土地，共有35处建筑遭摧毁。 There have been 1,800 residents evacuated from their neighborhoods where cracks have been opening and spilling lava. In evacuated areas with relatively low sulfur dioxide levels, residents were allowed to return home for a few hours to collect belongings on Sunday and Monday. Officials said those residents – a little more than half of the evacuees — were allowed to return briefly, and they would continue to allow residents in if it could be done safely. 由于地面开裂、岩浆涌出，1800社区居民被疏散。周六周日，在二氧化硫浓度不高的被疏散区域，居民获准回家几个小时收拾家中物品。当地官员称，这些居民——约占被疏散居民总数的半数多些——被准许回家短暂停留，并且在保证安全的前提下，允许其他居民回家。 “Things got pretty active,” an official said at a Saturday press conference. “The eight volcanoes were pretty active, to the point where lava was spewing and the flow started spreading so we got additional damage out there. I’m not sure what the count is, but we thought it was just continuing to go. Fortunately, seismicity has laid down and the volcanoes have gone quiet now.” But officials had cautioned that while the lava flow was quiet, it wouldn’t be for long. “More volcanoes could open up, the existing ones could get active again.” There’s a lot of lava under the ground so eventually it’s going to come up.” “这些火山变的很活跃，”一位官员在周六举行的新闻发布会上称，“有八个火山变的很活跃，岩浆喷出后，四处扩散，因此我们那里损失又多了些。我现在还不了解损失总数，但我们认为这个数字仍在不断攀升。庆幸地是，现在地震强度已经减弱，火山也开始平息下来了。”但是官员警告称，虽然岩浆流动慢下来了，但是不会维持太久。“还有更多地火山可能会爆发，现有的火山可能再次变得活跃。”地表下面有许多岩浆，这些岩浆最终会喷发出来。
2015年成人学位英语三级考试高频词汇速记（14）-成人英语三级考试 2015年成人学位英语三级考试高频词汇速记汇总 concentrate concentrate 集中;浓缩，集中，专心 【语境】The crowds concentrated round the palace. 人群汇集在宫殿的四周。 The threat of going bankrupt is very unpleasant but it certainly concentrates the mind. 即将破产的威胁虽令人极烦恼，但确实也能逼迫人开动脑筋。 【考点】concentrate on/upon 聚精会神 concept concept 概念，观念，思想 【语境】I can not understand the so abstract concept. 我无法理解如此抽象的观念。 This concept is at the very core of her theory. 这个概念是她的理论的核心。
concern concern 关心，担心所关切的事，(利害)关系 【语境】How much money I earn is none of your concern. 我挣多少钱与你无关。 These problems concern all of us. 这些问题影响到我们每一个人。 【考点】as far as …be concerned 就中有利害关系of concern 重要的 conclude conclude 结束，终止;断定，下结论;缔结，议定 【巧记】反义词：begin v.开始embark on 开始 【语境】The two countries are reported to have concluded a military convention. 据报道，这两个国家已缔结军事协定。 conclusion conclusion n.结论，推论;结尾;缔结;议定 【语境】Our conclusion is based entirely on fact. 我们的结论完全是实事求是的。
笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元英译汉（二）英语笔译实务3级配套训练第十二单元 英译汉（二） It Takes Years to Learn English Well Confucius said, “Since the age of 15, I have devoted myself to learning; since 30, I have been well established; since 40, I have understood many things and have no longer been confused; since 50, I have known my heaven-sent duty; since 60, I have been able to distinguish right and wrong in other people’s words; and since 70, I have been able to do what I intend freely without breaking the rules.” The average life expectancy at the Spring and Autumn Periods and Warring States Periods was, according to some research, about 19 years. Confucius lived 72 to 73 years, a rare god of longevity indeed. It was even hard for those with power and leisure to reach such an age. Therefore, Confucius could be very well learned, far from what an ordinary person could expect at his times. The latest statistics in 2001 shows that the world life expectancy is 62.2 with the Japanese taking the lead to be 79.66 while China gaining a position surpassing all developing countries by its 69.98. However, the Chinese have not yet reached the age to do what they intend freely without breaking the rules. Thus, rules are hard not to be broken. 1 / 3
Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. 16. The question is ________ me and I have no idea of it. A) beyond B ) over C) beside D) above 17. The output of our company this month is _______ that of last month. A) twice as much as B) twice as much C) twice many as D) twice as many as 18. Hardly had I got home ________ the telephone rang. A) then B) when C) as D) than 19. By the time you get back, I ________ all the work. A) would finish B) will have finished C) has finished D) had finished 20. It' s required that the students ________ the term paper tomorrow. A) finished B) finish C) will finish D) may finish 21._______ the final examination is over, we can go outside for a picnic. A) Even though B) Now that C) For D) With 22. Tom was the only one of the students who ________ named Outstanding Student. A) is B) are C) was D) were 23. There is something wrong with my car. It will take me one hour to have it ______. A) fix B) fixing C) to fix D) fixed
考试内容包括五个部分：分别是阅读理解、词语用法与语法结构、挑错、完形填空和英汉互译。全部题目按顺序统一编号，共85题。 第一部分：阅读理解（Part I Reading Comprehension），共15题，考试时间40分钟。要求考生阅读三篇短文，总阅读量不超过900个词。每篇文章后有五个问题，考生应根据文章内容从每题四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。 短文选材的原则是： 1、题材广泛。包括人物传记、社会、文化、日常知识、热门话题及科普常识等。但所涉及的背景知识应能为学生所理解。 2、体裁多样。包括叙述文、说明文、议论文等。 3、文章的语言为中等难度。无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词，如超出全日制文理科教学大纲中词汇表一至三级的范围，则用汉语注明词义。 阅读理解部分主要测试考生的下述能力： 1、掌握所读材料的主旨和大意； 2、了解说明主旨和大意的事实和细节； 3、既理解字面的意思，又能根据所读材料进行一定的判断和推论； 4、既理解个别句子的意义，又能在一定程度上理解上下文的逻辑关系。 阅读理解部分主要考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力，既要求准确，也要求有一定的速度。 第二部分：词语用法和语法结构（Part II Vocabulary and
Structure），共30题，考试时间25分钟。题目中50%为词和短语的用法，50%为语法结构。要求考生从每题四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。考试范围包括全日制文理科本科教学大纲中词汇表及语法结构表一至三级的主要内容。 第三部分：挑错（Part III Identification），共10题，考试时间10分钟。挑错题由10个单句组成。每个句子含有标着A、B、C、D的四个划线部分，其中有一处是错误的，要求考生从四个划线部分中挑出其错误的部分。挑错部分是词语用法和语法结构部分的延伸，目的是测试学生掌握词汇、短语及语法结构的熟练程度，其重点是固定搭配和句型。考试范围与第二部分相同。 第四部分：完形填空（Part IV Cloze），共20题，考试时间15分钟。完形填空题是在一篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文（约200词）中留有20个空白。每个空白为一题，每题有四个选项。要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选出一个最佳答案，使短文的结构和意思恢复完整。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词，有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法内容。完形填空部分主要考核学生综合运用语言的能力。 第五部分：翻译（Part V Translation），共10题，考试时间30分钟。翻译试题由两部分组成。第一部分为英译汉，要求考生把前面阅读理解文章中划线的五个句子译成中文。第二部分为汉译英，要求考生把五个难度适中的中文句子译成英文。英译汉和汉译英的句子难度均低于课文的英语文章。评分标准要求译文达意，无重大语言错误。
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务试卷样题及答案 英译汉样题选自2006年5月三级笔译实物 大家论坛相关讨论帖： https://www.doczj.com/doc/a92729492.html,/thread-2297923-1-1.html 英语三级笔译实务试卷(样题) Section 1：English-Chinese Translation (50 points) Translate the following passage into Chinese Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle. In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil，at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too. “It is practically all ice — permafrost —and it is thawing. ” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and，for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture. A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry. Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US $ 100 million or more for each one. Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding. In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them. A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder. Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance. And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow，which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.
醉翁之意不在酒 最近，美国的一些高级经济官员宣称，人民币兑美元的价值被低估了，因此人民币应该升值。这一说法的根据是：中国的外汇储备已达约3500亿美元，而中国拥有的美国政府债券已经超过1220亿美元。从这个意义上说，中国已成为美国的最大债权国之一，已经占了上风。美国政府的这种担心不难理解。曾几何时，美国把日本当做替罪羊，说是日本人抢走了美国人的饭碗。然后又指责墨西哥。现在又指控说中国人做事不公，以廉价的币值和较低的单位成本向美国出口产品。 在此情况下，美国的高价产品滞销，美国工厂的库存积压，其结果是工人失业，甚至工厂关闭。所以，中国的经济政策应对美国的失业问题负责。此种论调根本站不住脚。如果美国的消费者不购买廉价的中国产品，则需购买高价的同类产品。因此，购买中国产品可省下钱来购买更多的由美国生产的资本密集型或知识密集型产品。实际情况是，中国向美国出口低价商品可以增加美国人的实际收入。由此看来，美国政府对中国一而再、再而三地抱怨完全是醉翁之意不在酒。 What Are They Driving At? Recently, some top U. S. economic officials argue that the RMB yuan is undervalued vis-à-vis the U. S. dollar. Therefore, it is time for the yuan to appreciate. The basis for their argument is that China has accumulated about $350 billion in foreign-currency reserves and over $122 billion in U. S. government bonds. China has, it that sense, become one of the biggest creditors to the United States, which has given China an upper hand over the United States. It is not difficult to understand why the United States has such a worry. It was not too long ago that the Japanese were made the scapegoat of the Amerians. They were accused of taking American jobs. The the Mexicans were accused. Now they have found another accusation, saying that the Chineses are not fair – they go about exporting to the U.S. by taking advantage of a cheap yuan which means lower unit costs of Chinese goods. Such being the case, higher priced American goods are not selling well, and inventories build up at U. S. factories, and the result is layoffs or, even worse, plant closings. Therefore, it is agued that China’s economic policies are responsible for the job losses in the U.S.. An argument of this kind can hardly hold water. American consumers either buy Chinese low priced goods or go elsewhere to buy them at higher prices. Since purchases of Chinese goods can save money, it means the Americans can make more purchases of the more capital or knowledge intensive goods manufactured in the United States. The fact of the matter is that the cheap Chinese-made exports into the United States can actually increase the real income of American consumers. It is obvious that the U. S. was making a left-handed complaint for ulterior puposes by harping on the “undervalued” RMB.
2012年成人英语三级考试语法词汇辅导汇总 also，too这两个词都是副词，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辞意味和使用场合上有所不同。它们的区别如下： (一)一般说来，also用于比较正式formal)的场合，语气比too庄重;too是惯熟familiar)的用语，使用范围较广。 (二)also在句中的位置要紧靠动词;too在句中的位置比较灵活，有时插入句中，前后用逗号分开，有时放在句末。 (三)too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句内。在否定句中，只能用either;also则可以用在否定句中。 下面请看例句： The Hong Kong Chief Executive also heads the university as Chancellor. 香港行政长官也以大学)校监身份领导大学。 Reading books is learning，but application is also learning and the more important form of learning. 读书是学习，买践也是学习，而且是更重要的学习。 We have not heard such a thing.Also，we have never seen such a scene. 我们没有听见过这种事情，我们也从来没有见过这种场面。 请注意，一般说来，also在句中的位置应紧靠动词，但有时为了强调其意，也可以将它放在句首或句末。 Here，too，the colon must be followed by a dash. 这里也一样，应当在冒号之后加破折号。 Mary，too，can play the piano. 玛丽也会弹钢琴。 Could you speak Japanese?—Yes，and Spanish too. 您会说日语吗?——会的，还会说西班牙语哩。 Also虽然和too同义，但前者大都用于书面语，后者大都用于口语。例： The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner.书面语) The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too.口语) 在口语中，too还可以用as well代替。 有时候，also在句中的位置不同，句子的涵义也会跟着变化。例： John is also concerned in this matter.(1) John also is concerned in this matter.(2) John is concerned in this matter also.(3) (1)句的涵义是：John is concerned in this matter as well as that one. (2)句的涵义是：John is concerned in this matter，just as somebody else is. (3)句的涵义是：This matter is the last of many that have been mentioned. 虚拟语气。它主要可分为以下情况： A，表建议，要求，命令的动词，及与其相关的名词、形容词或分词，后面的从句中都要用should+动词原形作谓语，should可省略。 B，某些特殊的形容词，后面常跟虚拟语气。这一点要尤其注意。 C，wish后表示与现实相反的愿望时要用虚拟语气。 D，would rather后若加从句则要用过去式表示虚拟语气，也可以直接加do sth宁愿做…