Unit 1
I don’t put much stock in the idea of luck. I think that usually things go well or not so well for people based on their actions. I believe that for the most part you create your own luck by working hard, practicing self-discipline, remaining persistent, and making personal growth a daily priority. 我不相信幸运这一类事情.我认为大多数时候事情发展地顺利或不顺利主要因为人们自己的行为.我相信大多数的情况下你可以通过努力工作,自我约束,坚持不懈,把个人的发展作为每天必考虑的事情等方面创造自己的幸运.
2 Most careers involve other people. You can have great academic intelligence and still lack social intelligence--- the ability to be a good listener, to be sensitive toward others, to give and take criticism well
许多的职业都包含其他人(的参与). 你可能具有超强的学术能力,然而缺少社交能力,即有能力倾听别人,对其他人(的反应)敏感,甚至游刃有余地给出或吸纳批评.
3 If your circumstances constantly get you down, then maybe it’s time for a change--- not in your situation, but in your attitude. If you can learn to make the best of any situation, you can remove a formidable obstacle that stands between you and your dreams
如果你周边的环境经常让你意志消沉,也许你的确该改变一下了,可能不是改变你的位置,但至少是你的态度.如果你能学会很好地利用任何情况,你就能消除掉挡在你和你梦想之间的可怕的障碍.
4 Anybody can make an honest mistake when things are hectic. But people lacking focus have trouble not because they’re too busy, but because their priorities are out of whack. And that wastes their time and resources.
任何人在忙忙碌碌的时候都会犯错误.但是注意力不集中的人经常遇到麻烦不是因为他们太忙了,而是因为他们缺乏优先考虑的事情.这样,不仅浪费了他们的时间,也浪费了资源.
5 If you resist change, you’re really resisting success. Learn flexibility, or learn to like living with your failures.
如果你拒绝变化,你就是拒绝成功.学会灵活,否则就得学会习惯忍受失败.
6 The greater your talent, the more likely you are to lean heavily on it and skip the hard day-to-day work of improving it. If you possess this negative tendency, put yourself on a growth plan so that you can make the most of your God-given talent.
你的天分越大,你就有可能越倚赖于天分,甚至跳过日复一日完善它的工作.如果你有了这样消极的倾向,给自己定一个进步计划,这样你就能充分利用好上帝给你的天赋.
Unit 2
Today, many institutions seem to be ignoring the liberal arts in favor of a curriculum that leans more and more toward vocational careers in some trade or occupation.
现在，很多院校似乎忽视文科，课程的设置越来越偏重那些面向某一行业或某一职业的教育。
1. Teachers and professors too often are portrayed as idealists living in an ivory tower who are out of touch with real world. They are accused of emphasizing academic skills or studies that do not relate directly to helping a person move closer to a prospective job or career.
老师、教授常被描述成生活在象牙塔中的理想主义者，他们不谙世事，只强调理论知识的学习，而这些知识对人们进一步走向未来的工作或职业并没有直接关系。
The problem is that most students now view higher education as a particular means to a particular end.
问题是现在很多学生把高等教育看成是达到某种目的的某种手段。
2. The justification for a university is that it preserves the connection between knowledge and the zest of life, by uniting the young and the old in the imaginative consideration of learning.
大学之所以存在是因为它维系了学习知识和热爱生活二者间的联系。这种结合是在对学习充满想象的思考中，通过把现在和过去联系起来而得以实现。
.The student ―has four y ears to discover himself a space between the intellectual wasteland he has left behind and the inevitable dreary professional training that awaits him after the baccalaureate. 学生“有四年的时间来发现他已经越过的知识荒漠与毕业后必然面对的单调的职业培训之间还有多大的距离。”
3.We must make each student begin to see his or her place as a small, but vital, link in a continuous chain of humanity that began thousands of years ago and stretches on well into the future.
我们必须使每个学生开始明白：他/ 她在人类连绵不断的链条上只是其中的一环，这一环虽小，却至关重要。这链条的前面有数千年的历史，并向无限的未来延伸。
4.Life does not consist of taking courses in small segments. A productive life consists of finding huge tasks and mastering them with whatever tools of intelligence and energy we have.
We are going to turn you loose on some huge tasks. Let's see what you can do with them.
人生不是孤立地学习一些课程，充实的人生应该是找到艰巨的任务，然后尽我们所能—用我们的知识、力量来完成。我们准备放手让你们来完成一些艰巨的任务。让我们拭目以待—看看你们如何来完成。
5.Let us create environments where our students can grow and emerge as creative and thinking persons – individuals who know history, philosophy, religion, literature, etc. After all, these are the "liberalizing arts, the studies that liberate the mind and send it questing on strange and alluring adventures.
让我们为学生营造环境，使他们成长为有创造性、有思想的人—懂历史、哲学、宗教、文学等等的个体。毕竟，这些学科是“自由的艺术”，学习它们可以解放思想，有助于学生对陌生、神秘事物的探求。
6. If we accept what Upham says, and we are committed to preparing our students for the real world beyond graduation, then there can be a promising future for the liberal arts in this growing age of technology.
如果我们可以接受乌帕姆所讲的话，我们就有义务帮助学生面对他们毕业后所接触的真实的世界。那么在这个技术日益发展的时代，文科才可能有光明的未来。
Unit 3
1. Indeed, globalization became the ―grand strategy‖ of the Clinton administration, which envisioned the U.S. elite being the primus inter pares -- first among equals --- of a global coalition leading the way to the new, benign world order.
的确，全球化成为克林顿政府的“大战略”，视美国精英为能建立新的良性世界秩序的全球联盟中的首席—同等者之首。
2. ―Trade liberalization has stalled, aid is less coherent than it should be, and the next financial conflagration will be managed by an injured fireman.‖
“贸易自由化陷入停顿，援助也未按计划贯穿始终，扑救下次金融大火的将是一位自身负伤的消防员。”
3. There has been too much dissonance between the promise of globalization and free trade and the actual results of neoliberal policies, which have been more poverty, inequality, and stagnation. 全球化和自由贸易许诺的美好前景与新自由主义贸易政策的实际结果有着太多的不一致，新
自由主义贸易政策带来的是加倍的贫困、更高程度的不平等和更严重的经济停滞。
4. These agreements are in many ways more dangerous than the multilateral negotiations at the WTO since they often require greater concessions in terms of market access and tighter enforcement of intellectual property rights.
这些协议常要求就市场准入做出更大的让步、对知识产权实施更严格的保护，因此在许多方面比世贸组织的多边谈判更加危险.
5.Fifteen years since it was trumpeted as the wave of the future, globalization seems to have been
a ―brave new phase‖ of the capitalist adventure than a desperate effort by global capital to escape the stagnation and disequilibria overtaking the global economy in the 1970s and 1980s. The collapse of the centralized socialist regimes in Central and Eastern Europe deflected people’s attention from this reality in the early 1990s.
自从全球化被鼓吹为大势所趋以来，时间已经过去了十五个年头。全球化似乎并不是资本家探索开拓的“大胆的新阶段”，更多的倒是全球资本为摆脱上世纪七八十年代席卷全球经济的经济发展的停滞和不均衡所做的孤注一掷的努力。二十世纪九十年代早期中东欧中央集权的社会主义国家的解体把人们的注意力从这一事实上转移开去。
6. The urgent task is not to steer corporate-driven globalization in a ―social democratic‖ direction but to manage its retreat so that it does not bring about the same chaos and runaway conflicts that marked its demise in that earlier era.
迫切的任务并非将受公司驱动的全球化转为“社会民主”方向，而是要妥善应付它的衰退趋势，使其不再引起与其早期消亡标志相同的混乱和失控的冲突。
Unit 4
THE long-run value of all paper currencies is zero. So why should the dollar be any different? Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Iran's president decried the dollar as a ―worthless piece of paper‖.
所有纸币的长期价值为零，因此，为什么美元就应该与众不同呢？伊朗总统哈迈迪·内贾德诋毁美元是“一文不值的废纸”。
1. We should be concerned, but if the administration, the Federal Reserve and the Congress act responsibly, the dollar should be near its bottom and begin to rise against most foreign currencies. 我们应该担忧，但如果政府、美联储和国会采取负责任的行动，美元就应该已接近谷底并对大多数外币开始升值。
2. Many believe—and some evidently hope—that the greenback might be on its way out as an international currency. Worrying parallels are seen between the dollar's recent fall and the decline of sterling as a reserve currency half a century ago.
许多人认为（部分人显然希望）美元作为国际货币或许正在减弱。美元近来的走弱和半个世纪前英镑作为国际储备货币的落败之间，人们看到同样令人担忧的事情。
That currencies rise and fall and test records is hardly unusual. What lends the dollar's decline an air of crisis is that the world's bloated currency reserves are crammed with depreciating dollar assets.
货币价格的涨落以及压力位的创新几乎不是罕见的。给美元走弱添加危机氛围的原因是，全球庞大的外汇储备充斥着这种贬值的美元资产。
What lends the dollar's decline an air of crisis is that the world's bloated currency reserves are crammed with depreciating dollar assets.
美元下滑是危机之所在，全球臃肿的外汇储备受到美元资产贬值的影响。
3. The dollar has weathered these storms. But now it faces a nasty squall that combines both
cyclical and structural blasts. Its decline in the past five years has imposed a huge capital loss on foreign-exchange reserves. If this becomes too painful, central banks may be tempted to cut their losses and dump their dollars, causing a slump in the currency's value.
美元安然度过了这三次风暴。然而，美元当下面临的强大风暴却是众多周期性气流和结构性气流的结合体。过去5年之中，美元的下跌令全球外汇储备遭受了庞大的资本损失。如果这种损失造成的痛苦过于严重，各国央行可能会考虑止损、抛售美元，这势必会导致美元暴跌。
4. Reserves are held to buttress confidence in a country's own currency, not as a float for global trading. As a backstop, reserves need to be easily convertible (so they can be used as an emergency source of liquidity) and a good store of value.
各国持有外汇储备则是为了支持对本币的信心，而不是为了将其作为外贸支付手段。因此，储备货币应易于兑换（以便在紧急情况下提供流动性），并应具备良好的保值能力。
5. Despite the anxiety and gloom, some straws in the wind suggest that the dollar's decline may soon slow. In the past few weeks it has regained ground against a handful of important currencies, including the pound and the Australian dollar.
尽管焦虑万分，忧心忡忡，但有迹象表明，美元的跌势或许很快就会减速。在过去几周中，在和包括英镑和澳元在内的几种主要货币的兑换中，美元已经回稳获利。
6. On the eve of the first world war, when Britain was the greatest trading power, the pound's share in official currency reserves was all but matched by the combined share of the French franc and German mark. After the war a three-way split was maintained, with the dollar replacing the mark.
一战前夜，英国是头号贸易强国，而英镑在官方外汇储备中的份额则与法国法郎、德国马克的份额之和大致相当。一战全球储备依然维持了三分天下的局面，只是美元取代了马克的地位。
Unit 7
1. There is today, quite rightly, a growing concern for our environment and a genuine fear that, if we do not change our ways right now, the damage we will inflict on our planet will render it incapable of sustaining-for future generations-the economy we have grown accustomed to over the better part of the past two centuries.
今天，人们越来越关心环境，而且真正担忧，如果我们现在不改变我们的方式，我们对这颗行星造成的破坏，将会使它无法位我们的后代持续发展经济，而这种经济是我们在过去的二百年里发展更好年份中已经习惯了的。
2.That the earth and its resources do not belong to us and are not ours to squander without thought for the future is not proving an easy lesson for us to learn, but we are gradually succeeding---or, at least, waking up to the enormity of the task that confronts us.
地球及其资源不属于我们，也不是我们可以不考虑将来就能任意挥霍的东西，这一点并没有被证明是我们可以容易接受的教训，但是我们正在逐渐走向成功——或者说，至少我们正在明白我们所面临的任务的艰巨性。
3. The pressure is mounting for every potential polluter, every user of energy and every conspicuous contributor to climate change and global warming to clean up their act and adopt greener practices. The transport industry is no exception to such scrutiny and pressure; indeed, it seems to attract more than its fair share of attention in this regard-certainly enough to ensure that environmental concerns are now high on the agenda in all of its sectors.
每一个可能带来污染的企业（行业），每一个能源使用者，每一个显而易见的致使导致气候变化和全球变暖者，需要是自己行为变得清洁，采取环保事件做法的压力正在增加。对于
这样的检查和压力，运输行业也不例外。在这一点上，运输行业似乎受到了格外关注，这些关注足以确保环境问题被提到各个部门的最高日程上。
4. IMO’s environmental wor k in recent years has covered a remarkably broad canvas, embracing everything, from the quality of our atmosphere to the microscopic aquatic life-forms that can be transported around the world in ships’ ballast water and deposited in alien local ecosystems where, by disrupting their delicate balance, they can cause immense damage.
近年来，国际海事组织的环保工作已经包括了从大气层的质量到水生微生物相当大的领域（范围）。水声微生物可以在压载水中被带到世界各地，并且排放到异样的生态系统中，在当地生态系统中，通过破坏其脆弱的生态系统，可以造成极大的破坏。
5.IMO’s work in this respect must be part of a broad-based effort in which everyone has a responsibility and everyone has a role to play, a concept precisely reflected in the well-known environmental call to action ―think globally —act locally‖. And in the long term, society will need to address its own priorities and understand that nothing comes for nothing and that there will be prices and sacrifices that we must be prepared to pay and make, for the greater good of all. 在这方面，国际海事组织的工作是无限努力的一部分。其中，每个人都有其责任，又都发挥作用。这是一个在呼吁人们行动起来的口号中明确反映出来的：从全球考虑，从本地做起。在很长时间内，社会将需要解决优先考虑的事情这个问题，并且要明白没有白给的东西，还要明白，为了给所有人获得等大的利益，我们必须准备好支付和付出。
6. And in the long term, society will need to address its own priorities and understand that nothing comes for nothing and that there will be prices and sacrifices that we must be prepared to pay and make, for the greater good of all.
从长远来看，社会需要解决自身的重点问题并理解不劳则无获/天上不会掉馅饼/每一分成果都需要付出代价，为了全体的更大利益，我们必须准备好付出代价并做出牺牲。
Unit 8
1.When dusk had fallen, I should experience the double delight of being able to see by artificial light which the genius of man has created to extend the power of his sight when Nature decrees darkness.
当黄昏降临，我将由于凭借人为的光明看见外物而感到喜悦，当大自然宣告黑暗到来时，人类天才地创造了灯光，来延伸他的视力。
2.Hear the music of voices, the song of a bird, the mighty strains of a orchestra, as if you would be stricken deaf tomorrow. Touch each object you want to touch as if tomorrow your tactile sense would fail. Smell the perfume of flowers, taste with relish each morsel, as if tomorrow you could never smell and taste again.
聆听乐曲的妙音，鸟儿的歌唱，管弦乐队的雄浑而铿锵有力的曲调吧，犹如明天你将遭到耳聋的厄运。抚摸每一件你想要抚摸的物品吧，犹如明天你的触觉将会衰退。嗅闻所有鲜花的芳香，品尝每一口佳肴吧，犹如明天你再不能嗅闻品尝。
Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. We should live each day with a gentleness, a vigor, and a keenness of appreciation which are often lost when time stretches before us in the constant panorama of more days and months and years to come.
这样一种态度会突出生命的价值。我们应该满怀温柔，充满活力，带着敏锐的鉴赏力渡过每一天。而当时间在我们面前绵延不断时，这些却恰恰被失去了。
It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill.
老生常谈的故事：失去了，才知道珍惜，生病了，方知健康可贵。
3. The first day I devote to my friends, animate and inanimate. The second revealed to me the history of man and Nature. Today I shall spend in the workday world of the present, amid the haunts of men going about the business of life.
第一天我献给了我的朋友们，有生命的和无生命的。第二天向我展示了人类和自然的历史。今天我将在当今的平凡世界里度过，在为生活事务忙碌的人们常去的地方度过。
4. It is human, perhaps, to appreciate little that which we have and to long for that which we have not, but it is a great pity that in the world of light the gift of sight is used only as a mere conveniences rather than as a means of adding fullness to life.
或许，不去欣赏我们所拥有的，而去渴望得到我们没有的是人之常情，然而，令人遗憾的是，在这光明的世界里，天赐与人们的视觉只被用作一种方便，而不被用作使生活更加完美的手段。
5. Court records reveal every day how inaccurately eyewitnesses see. A given event will be seen in several different ways by as many witnesses. Some see more than others, but few see everything that is within the range of their vision.
法庭的记录每天都透露出“目击者”看得多么不准确。某一事件会被几个见证人以几种不同的方式“看见”。有的人比别人看得更多，但没有几个人看见他们视线以内一切事物。
6. Some sights are pleasant, filling the heart with happiness; but some are miserably pathetic. To these latter I do not shut my eyes, for they, too, are part of life. To close the eye on them is to close the heart and mind.
有些景像令人愉快，使人陶醉；但有些则是极其凄惨，令人伤感。对于后者，我绝不闭上我的双眼，因为它们也是生活的一部分。在它们面前闭上眼睛，就等于关闭了心房，关闭了思想。
Unit 9
1.Acquaintances recount his uncanny ability to calculate columns of numbers off the top of his head — a feat Warren still amazes business colleagues with today.
数人们叙述他张口就来计算一组组数字的时候我能起能力—他的这个能力至今仍然使生意上的同事惊叹不已。
2.Warren Buffett approached graduate studies with the same resistance he displayed a few years earlier.
巴菲特以几年以前表现出来的反抗力进行研究生学习。
3.One of his best known calls was the Northern Pipe Line, an oil transportation company managed by the Rockefellers.
他最著名的是对北方管道公司的拜访，这是洛克菲勒经营的石油运输公司。
4. Shortly thereafter, he waged a proxy war and secured a spot on the Board of Directors.
此后不久，他进行了一场获得代理权的战争，并且在董事会得到了一席之地。
5. Absolutely determined, Buffett offered to work for the Graham partnership for free. Ben turned him down. He preferred to hold his spots for Jews who were not hired at Gentile firms at the time. Warren was crushed.
巴菲特下定了决心，要求免费为格洛汉姆合股公司效力。巴菲特横下一条心，提出为格雷厄姆合伙人公司免费打工，本拒绝了他。本宁愿把公司的职位提供给当时不被非犹太人公司雇佣的犹太人。沃伦很消沉。
Small, to say the least, but he had much bigger plans for that pool of money.
尽管这笔合作资金很小，但是至少可以说，巴菲特对这笔资金有着更大的计划。
6. A somewhat-celebrity in his hometown, Warren never gave stock tips despite constant requests from friends and strangers alike.
尽管沃伦在家乡小有名气，除了朋友们和陌生人不断要求之外，他从不给人以股市上的建议。Warren said he "must have been in the bathroom when the dividend was declared".
沃伦说宣布红利的时候他一定视在浴室里。
Unit 10
1.She has an extremely tough job, which she happens to do very well. My wife's the one who, on occasion, has to bring the NASA chief back to Earth. She kind of shook her head. She told me that MIT's past commencement speakers have been some of the world's most powerful people.
她的工作不简单，可她恰恰能做好。我妻子就是偶尔将航天局局长接回地球的那个人。她稍稍摇了摇头。她告诉我说以前在麻省理工毕业典礼上讲话的都是世界上最有英系那个的人物。
2."You know NASA is famous for fitting a square peg into a round hole. Well, at MIT those outstanding technologists somehow managed to precariously balance an eight-foot anvil weighing 48 units on top of the Great Dome." I said, "Don't worry, honey. These are MY people."
“你知道，航天局以与外界格格不入而著称的。在麻省理工，那些杰出的科学家就是痴迷于将重达48单位的八脚平台悬悬乎乎地安放到大楼的圆顶上。这就是我手下的航天人。
3.Contrary to what many of you are thinking, I'm not wearing this because I lost some cruel bet. And I'm not wearing it because I'm the victim of the latest MIT hack. At least not yet.
与你们许多人所认为的相反，我穿这件学袍，不是因为我打赌输了，也不是我是因为最新的恶作剧得受害者才穿这件学袍的，至少到目前为止还不是。
4.More than that, I hope that each and every one of you remembers Galileo. Not necessarily his lectures, but his lessons and his life. For as grand as all of Galileo’s discoveries and contributions were, I think his example —what motivated him to live his life the way he did—was really quite simple. He was committed to lifelong learning.
不仅如此，我希望你们每个人都记住伽利略，不必记住他讲的课，而是他的经验教训和人生。因为伽利略所有的发现和贡献都如此伟大，他的榜样其实很简单，也正是激励着他以自己的方式度过一生，他致力于终身学习。
.Because if you meet that challenge — and I know MIT grads can, and I know MIT grads will —you will be responsible for perhaps the most dramatic revolution in the history of humankind. It is a revolution that will surpass the one that started when Galileo himself first came to cast his gaze skyward. I believe that with all my heart.
因为如果你们接受挑战，—我知道麻省理工的学生会接受挑战，我知道你们将接受挑战—你们将引起人类历史上最富戏剧性的革命。这是一场超越当伽利略将目光投向星空时就开始的革命，我真行的相信这一点。
Are these goals lofty, the dreams big, the missions risky? You bet. And the chances are you will meet your share of detractors. And no doubt, you will encounter some failure along the way. But remember that Galileo was put under house arrest for his beliefs. People thought he was a heretic. Certainly if you take risks and come up short, it won't compare to that. Don't be afraid, get up, dust yourself off and move on.
这些目标高远吗？这些梦想很大吗？这些使命冒险吗？这是肯定的。你们很可能会遇到贬低你们的人，毫无疑问，在征程上，还会遇到失败。但是要记住：伽利略因为自己的信仰受到
软禁，人们认为他是异教徒。当然了，如果你去冒险，而失败了，那与伽利略的遭遇也是无法比的。别害怕，爬起来，掸掉灰尘，继续前进。
5. The real mark of your character comes from not how you react to your successes, of which I know there will be many. How you react to your failures, of which there will be, if you are bold, a number in your lifetime.
你真正的品格标记不是你对成功做出的反应，而是你对失败做出的反应。我相信成功将是很多的，如果你敢作敢为，在你一生中失败也会有一些。
6. That somehow I could play, albeit a small role in attempting to solve one of the mysteries of life, literally gave my father more life. That's the power of truth and learning and excellence. The search for what it is that ignites the human spirit, overcoming the unexpected and discovering the unknown -- that's what life is about.
在试图解读人生的奥秘中，我尽管是个小角色，却设法做到了那一点。而恰恰正是这一点实际上延长了我父亲的生命. 那就是真理、学习和卓越的力量。探索什么点燃了人类精神，什么使人类克服意外之事，什么使人类发现人所不知的，就是生活的真谛。
Always take time out to love and to live. You're going to be busy, but never forget family and friends.
总要抽出时间去爱，去生活。你们将会很忙，但是永远不要忘记你的家人和朋友。
With the confidence that you will never, ever have to recant your discoveries, remain committed to learning. Settle for nothing less than excellence. Do not only seek truth. But believe in yourself. That way, you will find truth.
要有信心，你们永远不会怒得不放弃发现探索，要永远学习。只接受卓越。不要仅仅探求真理，而是要相信你自己，那样，你就会找到真理。
Unit 11
Ohmy's success has already had wide ramifications in South Korea's media industry. Although it has not killed off any South Korean newspapers or broadcasters, it has forced all of them to adjust by becoming more like Ohmy.
Ohmy 的成功在韩国已经带来了广泛的后果。尽管这没有毁掉任何韩国的报社或广播公司，但已经迫使它们使自己变得更像Ｏｈｍｙ，以此来适应形势。
After a year or so of looking in vain for a good business model, Mr Gillmor has put the idea on ice.
在寻找优秀的企业模式一年左右之后，吉尔莫把这个想法搁置起来。
that Andy Warhol's proverbial ―15 minutes of fame‖ have now become ―15 megs‖ (megabytes) of fame for everybody on earth.
安迪?沃霍尔的格言“出名15分钟”已经变成了地球上每个人都能“出名15兆字节”。
―journalism needs to become a community service rather than a profit centre,‖ and is working on making this happen. As The State of the News Media puts it, ―the worry is not the wondrous addition of citizen media, but the decline of full-time, professional monitoring of powerful institutions.‖
“新闻业需要成为一个社区服务机构，而不是盈利中心，”业正在致力于使这一点成为现实。如《新闻媒体现状》所述，“担心的不是大众媒体的增加，而是对全日制、专业性强大的新闻机构的监督的减少。”
1. All they have to do is click a little tip-jar button to have their mobile-phone or creditcard
account debited.
他们所要做的就是点击一下“小费罐”按钮就可以从他们的手机或信用卡中扣款。
2. Mr Oh,who left his career in the mainsteeam media because he was sick of what he saw as their conservative bias,also reckons that Ohmy has helped to improve the balance.If the media sacales used to be tilted 80% in favour of conservatives,he think,Ohmy has reduced that to 60%;he want to make it 50%.
吴先生因厌倦了他心中的主流媒体的保守倾向，而放弃了主流媒体的工作。他也认为公民新闻网已经帮助改善了这种均衡性。他也认为如果说以往媒体天平80%倾向于传统，公民新闻网已经将其降低为60%，而且他想要将它降低到50%.
3. The citizen journalism brought out by events such as the London bombings, Katrina, Asia’s tsunami and other recent events has sent a new joke into the blogosphere: that Andy Warhol’s proverbial “15 minutes of fame”have now become “15 megs”(megabytes) of fame for everybody on earth.
伦敦地铁爆炸、卡特琳娜飓风、印度洋海啸等最近发生的其他大事件把公民新闻推上了前台。而这又给博客界增添了新的笑料：尔众所周知的安迪?沃赫的格言“出名15分钟”现在对于地球上的每一个人来说变成了出名“15兆”。
4. For society as a whole, all this new talent—from bloggers, who are “journal-ists ”in the classic sense, to citizen journalists—should amount to something overwhelmingly positive.
对于社会作为一个整体而言，从博客（传统意义上的记者）到公民记者，所有这一新的才能应该称得上非常积极的东西。
5. Among our newspapers as they now stand, little more can be said in their favour than that they do not require batteries to operate, you can swat flies with them, and they can still be used to wrap fish.
我们现在的报纸，照目前这个样子来看，对它们有利的话差不多就是，报纸不需要电池供电，还可用报纸打苍蝇，还可以用来包鱼。
6. Printing presses, the main capital outlay for newspapers, last for decades and are depreciating peacefully with little need for new cash. As newspapers get rid of the more atavistic elements in their print editions—such as the pages of (inherently out-of-date) share prices—they also save on ink and paper.
印刷机是报纸出版商主要的资金支出项目，它能用几十年，慢慢变旧而不需投入新的资金。当报纸摆脱印刷版最基本的因素，如（本质上就是过时的）股价版，他们也节约了墨水和纸张。
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”
Unit5 An Alpine Divorce 1.John Bodman was a man who was always at one extreme or the other. This probably would have mattered little had he not married a wife whose nature was an exact duplicate of his own. 1约翰?伯德曼是一个常常走极端的人。这本来应该没什么，但可惜，他妻子的性格整个儿是他的翻版。 2.Doubtless there exists in this world precisely the right woman for any given man to marry and vice versa; but when you consider that one human being has the opportunity of being acquainted with only a few hundred people, and out of the few hundred that there are but a dozen or less whom one knows intimately, and out of the dozen, one or two close friends at most, it will easily be seen, when we remember the number of millions who inhabit this world, that probably, since the Earth was created, the right man has never yet met the right woman. The mathematical chances are all against such a meeting, and this is the reason that divorce courts exist. Marriage at best is but a compromise, and if two people happen to be united who are of an uncompromising nature there is bound to be trouble. 2毋庸置疑，对于任何一个男人，这世上总会有一个相当合适的女人能和他成家，反之亦然。但是如果你考虑一下:每个人仅有机会结识几百个人而已，在这几百个人之中熟知的只有那么干几人甚至更少，在这十几个人之中又最多只有一两个知心朋友;别忘了，居住在这世上的人有多少个百万，因此显而易见:自地球存在以来，这合适的男人极有可能从来就没有遇到过他那个合适的女人。。从概率上来讲，这样相遇的机会微乎其微，这也正是离婚法庭存在的原因。婚姻充其量不过是一种妥协，而如果恰好两个个性上互不妥协的人结合了，那就肯定会有麻烦。 3.In the lives of these two young people there was no middle distance. The result was bound to be either love or hate, and in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Bodman it was hate of the most bitter and egotistical kind. 3对于两个这样的年轻人来说，生活没有什么中间点，其结局注定要么是爱，要么是恨，而就伯德曼夫妇而言，他们到头来有的是那种最刻骨、最傲慢的恨。 4.In some parts of the world, incompatibility of temper is considered a just cause for obtaining a divorce, but in England no such subtle distinction is made, and so until the wife became criminal, or the man became both criminal and cruel, these two were linked together by a bond that only death could sever.' Nothing can be worse than this state of things, and the matter was only made the more hopeless by the fact that Mrs. Bodman lived a blameless life, while her husband was no worse than the majority of men. Perhaps, however, that statement held only up to a certain point, for John Bodman had reached a state of mind in which he resolved to get rid of his wife at all hazards. If he had been a poor man he would probably have deserted her, but he was rich, and a man cannot freely leave a prospering business because his domestic life happens not to be happy. 4在这世界上的某些地方，夫妻性情不合就能够成为离婚的正当理由，但是在英格兰，并没有如此微妙的区分，所以除非妻子犯罪，或丈夫犯罪并且为人残暴，否则两者的婚姻关系将一直维系下去，直至死神将他们分开。没有什么比这种事情更糟糕的了，而更令人绝望的是伯德曼太太为人无可厚非，而她丈夫也并不比一般男人差。然而，也许上面的表述只能说在某种程度上是正确的，因为约翰?伯德曼已经忍无可忍，下定决心不管付出什么代价也要摆脱他的妻子。如果他是个穷人，也许他会抛弃她，但是他很富有，而一个人不能因为家庭生活碰巧不幸就轻易放弃一份蒸蒸日上的事业。 5.When a man's mind dwells too much on one subject, no one can tell just how far he will go.
①A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.”It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self —otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. ②学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？B. Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions. The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.”It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment. If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight”that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It
研究生英语系列教材上unit1-原文+翻译
TRAITS OF THE KEY PLAYERS 核心员工的特征 What exactly is a key play？ 核心员工究竟是什么样子的? A “Key Player” is a phrase that I've heard about from employers during just about every search I've conducted. 几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。 I asked a client —a hiring manager involved in recent search — to define it for me. 我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。 “Every company has a handful of staff in a given area of expertise that you can count on to get the job done. “每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 On my team of seven process engineers and biologists, I've got two or three whom I just couldn't live without,” he said. 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学
家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说， “Key players are essential to my organization. “他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。 And when we hire your company to recruit for us, we expect that you'll be going into other companies and finding just: 当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人： the staff that another manager will not want to see leave. 其他公司经理不想失去的员工。 We recruit only key players.” 我们只招募核心员工。” This in part of pep talk intended to send headhunters into competitor's companies to talk to the most experienced staff about making a change. 这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。
LESSON 1 1.因为英语是个杀手,正是英语造成了坎伯兰语,康沃尔语,诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡.在这 些岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言.然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在.所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语.英语对现存的凯尔特语:爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。 2.同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧、,性别歧视的情况类似"）的偏见密 切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为 世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。 4.然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势， 例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。 5.讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言， 在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6.这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处， 同时尽可能避免招来灾难。 LESSON 2 1.年初布什总统签署了一项《不让一个孩子落后》的重大法案,誓言要把“困在那些教学质量不佳又不进行改革的学校里的孩子”解救出来.2007 年7月1日美国教育部宣布有8652所学校被列 为“长期教学质量低下”的学校,现在这些学校中的学生必须在今后的几天内考虑决定他们是否 要转学, 同时各个学区也在忙着为符合转学条件的学生提供帮助和服务以抓住选择的机会。 ２.对于那些在教学改革旋涡中挣扎的学校的校长、老师和学生来说，这一法案的直接后果则是迷惑与混乱。他们认为该法案制订的教学改革标准太高而又没有说明各学区如何达到这些标准。３.我们必须对公众负责，不过我们必须研究所有衡量指标。 ４.一所学校连续两年在州水平考试中没有表现出“足够的年度改进”就会被认为是不合格的学校，但是联邦教育部并没有提供一个具有权威性的不合格学校的名单让学生家长作为参考，而是要求各州各自确定不合格学校的名单，并且要求他们把学生的考试成绩按照学生的种族和家庭收入进行分类。新法案还规定各州要公布便于学生和家长查找的不合格学校的名单，但是没有几个州能很快拿出来。 ５.教育部次长，前宾夕法尼亚州学校总监Eugene Hickok 也承认“该法案的实施可能会引起一些混乱”，但是他又说各州也不应为此而大惊小怪。教育部长Rod Paige 已经向各学区主管人士就有关改革事宜做了扼要指示并通报了全国。他说，即使在如纽约和芝加哥这样的大城市“接收择校生比较困难”，但“法律就是法律”。 ６.Wooten 说，“人很容易放弃自我，而去赶别人的潮流，但正如其他的美国人一样，我们都有成功的机会。我们为什么不开创自己的潮流呢？” LESSON ４ １.无论作为法定婚姻的前奏还是其替代品，同居现象的频繁出现都进一步弱化了婚姻区别于其他结合形式的独立特征。不管怎样，所有这些打破传统的结合方式一直以来都是建立在亚当一夏娃模式的异性恋基础之上的。 ２.有报告说曾发生过外星人为了做繁衍后代实验而绑架地球人的事件，但不论这些报道是否只是人们的幻觉，地球人探索宇宙寻找外星人却是事实。
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和
Unit 1 ●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏） https://www.doczj.com/doc/aa2470075.html,passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6) 慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。 2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。 3.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount—and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line with their new priorities. (Para.14) 他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。 4.They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self–loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. (Para.16) 他们和经历创伤的幸存者所反复经历的感觉过程一样：自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新的驾驭感。 ●复述： 1.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort. (Para.13) It is necessary for people to take effort consciously in order to fulfill these changes and compromise with a new reality. 2.They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. (Para.15) They are surprised by their power and they are confident that they can deal with whatever they experience through life. 3.The sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to care for an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depressed and find their marriage on the rocks. (Para.17) It is likely for parents with new-born babies to feel depressed and to feel difficult to maintain their marriage because they have been deprived of sleeping hours and they have to put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby. Unit 4 ●翻译： 1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1) 过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。 2.Even when I’m not working, I’m as likely as not to be foraging in the Web’s info–thickets — reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening
研究生（英语）课后部分翻译答案 1. “一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365 天，一周7 天，一天24 小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’！这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。 “Business happens 24/7/365, which means that competition happens 24/7/365, as well,” says Haut. “One way that companies win is by getting …there? faster, which means that you not only have to mobilize all of the functions that support a business to move quickly, but you have to know how to decide where …there? is! This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions. This needs to run throughout an organization and is not exclusive to management.”（第一章 P29 第一段） 2. 最后，职业地位包含对职业标准的遵守。很多律师通过在行业内外把自己塑造成一个具有良好职业道德的典范来找到自我价值。对那些在所有职业行为中都表现出极度正直和谦逊有礼的律师们来说，当管理阶层对他们理应受到的特别尊重表示肯定时，便又获得了另一种形式的精神报酬。 Lastly, professional status encompasses adherence to ethical standards. Most lawyers find self worth in setting an example—both within the profession and within the larger society—as ethical actors. When management affirms the special respect due to lawyers who act with the utmost integrity and civility in all of their professional dealings, it provides yet another form of compensation.（第一章 P29 第二段） 3. 最近的调查显示越来越多的人抱怨饭菜质量平平，价格昂贵，而法国烹饪的衰落还不止于此。这在法国可不是个小问题，要知道2002年美食旅游为法国创收180 亿欧元，占到全部旅游收入的1/4。越来越多的餐馆老板反映政府的税收和经济政策限制了他们的利润，也就影响了他们投资和雇佣更多人手的能力。束缚他们手脚的是令法国不那么光彩的繁琐拖拉的公事程序，更不要说那些来自欧盟的规定，从销售税到布里乳酪里含细菌的指标统统都在严格的掌控之中。 The decline goes well beyond recent surveys that show growing complaints about mediocre quality and high prices—no small concern in a country where tourisme gastronomique earned 18 billion euros in 2002, a quarter of all tourist revenues. More and more restaurateurs say that government tax and economic policies are limiting their profits, and thereby hurting their capacity to invest and hire more staff. They have become ensnarred in the red tape for which France is infamous—not to mention edicts from Brussels that affect everything from sales taxes to the bacteria in the Brie.（第二章 P59 第一段） 4. 浙江菜口味清淡，精致玲珑，是长江下游区域菜肴的代表。西湖醋鱼是其中的一道名菜。这道菜鲜美，酥嫩，带着自然的清香。中国乃至世界各地的中餐馆大都能找得到这道菜，但口味往往不及在浙江杭州吃得那般纯正。因为只有杭州拥有来自西湖的鱼和水。 Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food from along the lower Yangtze River. One famous dish is West Lake Vinegar Fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. Many Chinese restaurants in China, as well as other parts of the world, serve this dish, but often the flavor is less authentic compared to that found in Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang Province, which has unique access to the fish and water of West Lake.（第二章 P59 第二段） 5. 不管如何解释，工作与生活的平衡总是欧洲人的主要谈资，同时也是智囊团和政策制定者研究和考虑的主题。在美国，人们使用这个说法时总是带着几分针对那些吃蛋奶火腿馅饼的有闲人士才会表现出来的冷嘲热讽的态度。但是，它可能还是会流行起来的。时任《纽约时报》执行主编的比尔?凯勒曾鼓励员工们要给生活增加一些色彩，多陪陪家人或去欣赏艺术。 Whatever the explanation, the idea of a work-life balance is a staple of European discourse, studied
Unit One 旅行通用语 1 数十年来，法兰西语言研究院一直捍卫着法语的尊严。几年前，由于法国人对英语词汇的入侵非常敏感，该机构颁布了净化法语的法律，其内容甚至涉及专业术语。就拿波音747 (Boeing747)来说吧，现在法国人必须用法语词gros-porteur；表示出租的leasing也变成了credit-bail。此类例子不胜枚举，触及生活的方方面面。法国总统希拉克很可能会继续加大力度，直至连英特网internet和字节流(信息组)byte stream之类的词也找到相应的法语新词。哎，真不知未来的法语会变成什么样。 2 不幸的是(或许并非不幸)，英语没有受到如此的保护。在美国，随处可见严重偏离英国标准英语的美式英语。“honour”普遍被写成“honor”，“night”也变成了“nite”。许多词意广为人知的英式英语单词被赋予新的解释，交流也变得有些困难。比如说，汽车的行李箱“boot”变成了“trunk”(一个在英国指代树干的单词)；引擎盖“bonnet”变成了“hood”(英式英语中的风帽)；老式婴儿尿布“nappy”变成了“diaper”(英式英语中的菱格花纹织物)；婴儿小外套“matineejacket”也变成了“vest”(英国的内衣汗衫)。显而易见，两国英语曾同出一源，而如今却将两国彼此隔离。当然了，按美国人的观点，是英国人的语言表达出了问题。 3 实际使用中，甚至还有更糟的英语呢!只要你在外国旅游并注意一下菜单、海报、旅店、甚至当地日常生活中的英语，就可以证明过去的标准用语在这些地方已变得不伦不类，让我详例如下： 4 旅行作家波洛?菲利浦曾不惜笔墨地渲染自己的几番经历，我觉得该有更多的读者了解一下。他提及某份荷兰的灯泡目录，上面对用户承诺有“a speedy execution’——快速处死(毫无疑问，想表达的应是“送货及时”)。此外，东柏林的一个衣帽间告示要求客人“please hang yourself here”——请在这儿吊死自己(本想说的是“将衣帽挂在这儿”)。只希望没人会真的从字面上去理解。 5 我还可以补充一些多年周游世界时的亲身经历。例如，奥斯坦德的一家精品店正在宣扬其货品立意新颖，却用了“revolting new ideas”，即“令人作呕的立意”。孟买的几家糕饼屋也鼓吹自己是“No.1 loafers”，目口头号游手好闲者，可是其本意是要宣称自己的糕饼全市第一。 6 我并不知道基督教影响如此之广，直到我在香港看到一位牙医的宣传：“我们由最新的循道宗信徒拔牙”，这儿的“Methodists”(循道宗信徒)显然应改为“methods”，即“方法”。 7 恐怕没人能确定这些误用实际上是体现了英语的普及还是仅仅反映了局限于地方的习惯用法。但可以确定的是，海法医学会绝对应该阻止其会员挂这样的铜招牌：“妇女及其它疾病的专家”。 8 看来旅店对多语种告示颇为青睐，希望它们会有利于人们更好地使用现代化设施。没有它们，旅店就会显得沉闷而缺乏效率。然而，在布鲁塞尔的一家旅店中，这条电梯告示只会令毫无防范的房客更愿意爬楼梯：“使用电梯时，请按要去楼层的按钮。若更多人进入电梯，请分别按各自要去楼层的按钮。电梯会按楼层的字母顺序，依次送客。没复位的按钮显示着接收到的要去楼层的指令”。伊斯坦布尔的一则旅店告示则没这么复杂：“想要客房服务时，请开门喊叫‘客房服务’”。至少那儿的客人不用对付也许经常失灵的电子设备。 9 在土耳其，人们对于“直言不讳”的喜爱在一个已远近闻名的安卡拉导游册中得到了充分体现。导游册这样招揽顾客：“来我们餐馆吧，你会在欧洲救护车中享用中东风味美食”(显然这儿的救护车“ambulance”应为氛围“ambience”)。而另一家瑞士餐馆的菜单也同样吸引人：“我们的葡萄酒绝人他念”。(“our wines leave nothing to hope for'’一语双关，可本意显然是“我们的葡萄酒美味绝伦”)。 10在东欧，奥匈帝国时期的老牌大旅馆从未放弃过礼节。一则旅馆房间告示上写着“诚邀尊贵的客人在12点到14点之间占客房女服务员的便宜”(take advantage of t he chambermaids)。然而，这可能造成意外的交通阻塞。最近的一次莫斯科画展也未必能让偶尔光顾者欣然前往，根据其告示，“画展将展出俄罗斯艺术家的300幅作品，他们中的大部分人在过去十年中已被处死了”。 11 曼谷一家洗衣房的广告词邀请来访的顾客“留下你的衣服，尽情享受吧!”就像是鼓励人们在这座远东娱乐首府干些出格之事。