第三讲细节理解题
一、提问方法
1. 问对错
Which of the following is true/ not true? All the statements are true
except ________
Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage?
2. 问细节点Who, what, which, when, where, why, how 的提问。
3. 问加工细节排序题: ：Which is the right order of the events given
in the passage?
计算题：对门票、学费等进行简单的计算。图形题：二、
解题方法 1. 审题——找到问题中的关键词；
1. 定位——回到文章中进行定位； (注意：在阅读文章时要对关键词事先进行标
记，以便审题后迅速定位)
找关键词：关键词一般是醒目的词汇及实词，比如：数字、大写、人名、地名、时间状语、复合词、中文解释，标点符号( “”，—，下划线等)
找关键词三原则：(1) 尽量避免用中心词和常用词作关键词。(2) 答案ABCD里有3-4 个相同的词，一般是关键词。(3) 用关键词在文章中找到问题的出处，可能是关键词的重复或者是同反义词的转述。
出题点：强转折：两个虽然( although, while ) 三个但是( but, yet, however )
两个事实( in fact, actually ) 两个尽管( despite, in spite of )
强对比：other, on the other hand, today, now 强因果：because, since, for, so, thus, therefore, conclude
序数词、最高级并特别注意宾从、定从和状从！细节事实题还要十分注意句子的非主干成分，如定语、状语、补语等，这些成分都是出题者常进行误导的落脚点。
2. 分析理解，选项是哪个——排除法错误选项有哪些？陷阱大揭密陷阱一：偷换
数量
较多量：many, most, lots of 较少量：little, few
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（2012 唐山）Some children feel it is very difficult to do their homework, because they can 't understand their teacher clearly, and can 't follow
their teacher 's teaching process （过程）. Maybe there is something wrong with their intelligence.
But some children 's intelligence is normal. They are even cleverer, but they don 't listen to the teacher carefully .It is hard for them to
sit well and pay attention to anything .It needs to carry on the attention centralized （集中注意力） training to help the children.
Some children find the homework difficult .Which reason is NOT right?
A. They can't understand their teacher clearly
B. They can't follow their teacher 's teaching process
C. The intelligence of all the students isn 't normal
D. They don 't listen
to the teacher carefully 陷阱四：偷换逻辑
◆因果倒置◆充分条件和必要条件混合◆并列混淆成因果关系陷阱五：偷换时态警惕完成时，文章中可能是即将完成，题干中偷换成了已经完成。
2013 江西）
DNA is the whole “map” of the human body. It is something that all humans have, and it tells the body what to do. DNA is the reason that we look like our parents, because we get some of their DNA to make our own.
People have been trying to understand the human body for a long time.
In I860, Mr. Mendel discovered why we look the same as other people in our family. It is because of small things called “genes”（基因）in our body. In 1953, two scientists, Watson and Crick, found out that those small parts are really messages. They 're written in the DNA with a special language.
In 1961, another two scientists found the first “word” that they could understand in that language. It shows how DNAt ells the cell （细胞）to build its parts, so far scientists have found all the words in the DNA map, but we still do not understand what they all do. By understanding what just one “word” means, we can help to save people from several illnesses. So the more we understand, the more doctors will be able to do.
Most people hope that this will help to make better medicine and help sick people: Other people worry that when we can learn more “words” and
find out more information, we will use it in the wrong way, just to make people more attractive （有吸引力的）, or stop sick people getting jobs. 根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。
1. When did Mr. Mendel discover why we look the same as other people in our family? 1961. C. In
1953. D. In 1860.
2. What did the two scientists find in 1961? They found ____ .
A. all the words in the DNA map
B. small things called “genes”
in our body
C. the first “word” they could understand in that language
D. those small parts are written in the DNA with a special language
3. How can we help sick people if we understand more “words” in the DNA map?
A. Make better medicine.
B. Make them get jobs.
C. Make maps for them.
D. Make them attractive.
4. Which one is not true according to the article?
A. We look like our parents because of “genes” in ou r body.
B. We have understood what all the words in the DNA map do.
C. DNA is the whole “map” of the human body.
D. DNA tells the cell to build its parts.
5. What do people think about this research about DNA?
A. In 2000.
B. In
A. It can be only bad.
B. It can be only good.
C. It can be good but
won't work. D. It can be good and bad.
（2013 江西）
Should we be afraid of sharks? Maybe not. New research into the reasons
for shark attacks （攻击） suggests that sharks don 't like the way humans
taste! In fact, most people who are attacked by the shark are still alive after receiving only one bite （咬）. Why is this?
There are many opinions to explain why sharks sometimes attack people.
One opinion is that sharks are just curious （好奇的）. We know that sharks
are the strongest animals in their environment, so they are not afraid of anything. Naturally, that means they are curious when they meet something unusual. Because they don 't have hands or feet., the only way they can find out an object is to bite it! It is thought that sharks sometimes bite humans for this reason, and then swim away.
Scientists also say that sharks would not waste energy trying to eat
a human, as we have a lot of bones （骨头）. It is hard for a shark to eat us because sharks don't have hands, and they can 't pull the meat off our bones. Maybe that 's why they only bite us once. Unluckily, one bite from a large shark is serious enough to hurt people greatly!
Another opinion is that sharks attack humans by mistake. Some sharks
may sometimes mistake humans for a seal. An example of this is when a shark attack attacks a surfer. A surfer lying on a surfboard looks like a seal when seen from below. Sharks like seals because they have thick fat.
Whatever the reason for shark attacks on humans, sharks should be afraid of us. Sadly, we kill almost 40 million of them each year.
73. What happens to people attacked by sharks?
A. Most of them because blind.
B. Most of them because of deaf.
C. Most of them died.
D. Most of them
are still alive.
74. Howd o sharks find out about an unusual object according to the passage?
A. By biting.
B. By smelling.
C. By touching.
D. By killing.
75. Which sentence about sharks is true?
A. Sharks pull meat off bones when they eat.
B. Sharks
might mistake humans for seals.
C. Sharks like to attack surfers because of their thick fat.
D.
One bite from a shark is nothing serious.
第四讲词义猜测题突破一、猜词题标志：
1. In this passage, the underlined word “ ” means ________ .
2. The underlined word “ ” refers to _________ .
3. Here “ it ” means ________ .
二、猜词题解题方法：
1. 根据常识
A deaf-and-dumb guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.
Usually people make dumplings at home. If you have no time to make them, you can buy them from any supermarket. Then you take them home and eat them
with vinegar.
2. 根据上下文
例1：One of the things I always believe is that no matter how bad something is, you can take something positive out of it.
It wasn 't until a few weeks after September 11 that I began to see
that perhaps some good did come from this tragedy.
The word “positive ” in the passage probably means .
A. terrible
B. bad
C. good
D. real
例2：If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet . I don 't like
to be with him. The underlined phrase “all wet ” means .
A. drunk
B. sweating
C. happy
D. mistaken
例3：Lunch is between twelve and one O'clock. It is like a light meal and working people must take lunch with them or get it near workplace.
What does “light ” mean in Chinese?
A. 重的
B. 有用的
C. 轻的
D. 不太重要的
例4：In its first year of business, Diners Club issued 200 cards. The customers who got the cards from Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants. Today, Diners Club has about 8 million customers, and they can use their cards in over 7.6 million businesses in more than 200 countries.
The underline word “issued ” in the passage probably means “ _______ ”.
A. showed
B. took
C. borrowed
D. provided
3. 根据转折/ 因果关系
because, as, since, for, so, thus, as a result, of course, therefore ??例1：You shouldn 't have blamed him for that, for it wasn't his fault.
4. 根据同义/ 反义
表示同义and, or ?gay and happy
例1：So the Italian government asked some of Italy 's biggest construction and engineering companies to build the MOSE project, which was planned to be built under the sea water to stop floods.
The underlined word “construction ” in the passage means “____________ ”
in Chinese.
A. 建筑
B. 农业
C. 交通
表示反义——but, while, however, not, 及表示否定意义的词语
例1：He is so homely, not at all as handsome as his brother
5. 构词法：转化，合成，派生。例：water, kind-hearted, uncompleted 等。
否定前缀un- 加在形容词、副词、名词前unhappy unknown
否定前缀non- nonmetal nonviolent nonprofessional
pre- （之前） pre-history pre-election
-proof 加在名词后（adj. 防??的） waterproof bombproof soundproof
6. 根据定义/ 释义/描述
常由is, that is（to say）,in other words, mean, be considered to be,
refer to, call, be called, be known as, define, represent, signify 等
例 1 ：Robots also help disabled people, for example, blind people. Today many blind people have a guide dog to help them. In the future, guide might be robot dog.
A. 不能的
B. 有害的
C. 失灵的
D. 残疾的
例1：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It
is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly, it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
——不是考认不认识，而是考会不会推断
——若简单次，答案必不是字面。猜代词——找文章中的含义，看前一句话You see the local people in their private spaces and you fell lonely and “outside ”. Local people can create their private spaces by talking things you don ' t know about. And you even feel that they like you to be outside them so that they will enjoy being inside even more!
例1：The pronoun “ them” refers to _____ .
A. public spaces
B. private spaces
C. local people
D. other countries
dogs about
阅读专题-----细节题 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。细节事实理解题 主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题 两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就 能得分，属于低层次题。而语义理解题须将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换才能得出结论。这类 题目要求考生能理解原文中某个短语或句子的含义，从而找到与答案意思相同的词语和句子。 这类试题旨在考查考生对事实细节的确定。这类试题一般只针对文章中某一特定的细节，也可能涉及若 干个细节，或者针对文章的主要事实，或利用图形图表或地图来表示信息等。此类试题一般又可分为两类： 一是直接理解题，答案可在原文中直接找到;二是词义转换题，答案是原文中有关词语和句子的转换，而不能 在原文中直接找到。 一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工 或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题 型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… Which of the following statements is true/NOT true/false, according to the passage? Choose the right order of the events given in the passage? 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重 要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属 于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问 题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找 到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障 碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事 情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要 回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。
高考英语阅读理解满分秘籍之事实细节题型 阅读理解满分秘籍——理解题干的要求是核心，分析选项的特点是基础，读懂原文的主旨是条件。做到题干、选项与原文内容的完美结合。 事实细节题型 高考《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求是：要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； …… 《考纲》对阅读理解的能力要求的第一点是理解主旨要义。第二点就是理解文中具体信息。理解文中具体信息是阅读理解的基础，是考生透彻理解文章主旨要义的条件。具体信息是围绕文章主题展开的，是对文章主题的进一步解释说明，以便让读者更好地了解作者的写作目的、意图等。对应的题型就是事实细节题型。主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。该题型是阅读理解部分的主要题型，几乎占了阅读理解的二分之一。充分理解文章具体信息，不仅有助于事实细节题型的答题，而且有助于其他题型的答题。 事实细节题型特点 事实细节题型主要考查考生对文章（或某一段落）中某一些特定细节或文章的重要事实的理解能力。通常会针对以下内容来出题。 1. 列举 主要考查考生对文章里列出的具体内容是否都完全清楚，通常都是三点或四点，主要针对两种题型：Which题型（要求考生从选项中选出根据文章内容正确的选项）和except题型（要求考生排除三个正确的选项，选择根据文章内容错误的选项，通常称为“三缺一”）。 要求考生正确理解原文内容，并进行细致对比。 2. 转折与对比 转折处常常是作者想要表达的内容，是语义的重点，一般通过转折词but, however, yet, actually / in fact / as a matter of fact 等或对比词unlike, not so / as …as, compared to等引导。 要求考生培养良好的逻辑思维能力，理解作者的真实意图。 3. 因果 文章中的因果关系，可以用because, since, now that, for, as, so, therefore, moreover, thus, consequently，as a result / consequence, as a result / consequence of, on account of, thanks to, due to, owing to等连词、介词或短语，也可以是cause, result in, contribute to, lead to, originate from 等动词（短语）或base, basic, result, consequence等名词。 要求考生能理解文章上下文的前因后果，是高考必考题。 4. 举例 由like, as, such as, for example, for instance等引导的举例说明。
practice HyderabadHyderabad, India To improve people’s lives, Hyderabad is planting more and more trees. The cityy is even creatingg ggreener buildingsg that use less water and less electricityy for power. Adding green to a city has a number of advantages. For example, trees make the air cleaner. In Hyderabad, streets were grey and dirty in the past. HHowever, todayt d theyth are fillfilledd withith treest andd flowers,fl makingki theth cityit cleanerl andd more colourful. Green areas also give people places to relax or exercise. A study in the USA shows an interesting thing: the greener a neighborhood is, the less crime there is. 2012年天津市中考C篇 4.对比处：常见标志词有compared with/to, unlike等。 【ExampleE l 4】 Unlike a computer,p , Kindle never ggets hot so yyou can read comfortably as long as you like. https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab8325712.html,pared to a computer, Kindle . A. doesn’t get hot B. has no screen C. is harder to use D. is heavier to carry (2011年北京市西城区一模) 【Example 5】 68. According to the passage, why do many patients stop getting injections? A. Because of the pain and stress of the injections. B. Because they are too lazy. C. Because they like taking pills (药丸). D. Because theyy are waitingg for the new device. (2012年黄冈市中考A篇) practice 5555. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Learning a second language can help us find a good job quickly. B.. Dr.. Mechelliec e madede thee experimente pe e amongo g threeee differentd e e groups.g oups. C. Learning a second language is the same as studying other subjects. D. The earlier we learn a second language, the more money we pay. （2012年北京市大兴区二模C篇） A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, from University College LondonLondon, took a group of Britons who only spoke EnglishEnglish. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second languageg g before the ageg of five,, as well as a number of later learners.
高一英语专题培优 ——阅读理解解题技巧 考纲解读： 阅读理解是英语考试中的一个重要题型，分值高、题量大。阅读理解考查 的根本是检验学生对有关信息的搜集、加工能力。新的高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。 英语考试大纲规定，考生应能：(1) 理解主旨和要义； (2) 理解文中具体信息； (3) 根据上下文推断生词的词义； (4) 做出简单判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 命题探究： 一．选材特点： 广东省高考阅读理解解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1.文章一般为4篇，阅读量在2500个单词左右； 2.题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3.体裁多样，包括记叙文、说明文、应用文、论述文等。 二．题目类型： 高考中的阅读理解一般分为四大类：细节题、猜词题、推断题以及主旨题 三．题目特点： 1.无论哪一类题都一定能在文中找到依据。 2.每篇文章的5个小题正确答案的关键信息按照短文出现的先后顺序依次 排列。如第2题的关键信息点在第二段中，那么第3题的关键信息点很 可能就会在第三段中，而在第一段的可能性就很小。主旨大意题和写作 目的题一般都安排在第5小题。 阅读水平的提高不是一两天的阅读就可以见效的。想要提高阅读能力，一是要培养良好的阅读行为习惯 提高分数技巧： 1. 抓好限时训练 同学们可以通过限时训练有计划、循序渐进地提高自己的阅读速度。做阅读理解训练 时，尝试在原文中划出答案出处，这能帮助我们在阅读时以文章为依据，而不凭空猜想。 2. 养成良好的阅读习惯 同学们在平时训练时要养成良好的阅读习惯。首先要避免“指读”。很多学生喜欢用手或笔指着文字读，这种阅读习惯容易使思维停留在手指着的局部单词上，会阻碍对中心思想
龙源期刊网 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab8325712.html, 阅读理解中的细节理解题题型与策略 作者：刘芳 来源：《都市家教·下半月》2013年第03期 【摘要】毋庸置疑，阅读理解是高中英语的重头戏，它主要考查我们学生对单词、句 子、短文的理解能力，这种能力既是高中英语的主要目标，也是提高英语能力保证其它题型正确性的基础。从某种意义上来说，阅读能力的高低是英语学习的关键也是高考英语成败的关键。掌握不同的解题策略，在高考冲刺阶段，一定能给学生的阅读能力起到事半功倍的效果。 【关键词】阅读理解；细节题；策略 不同的阅读题型有不同的解题技巧，笔者研究了2010-2012年安徽省高考英语试卷发现，阅读理解细节题在这三年高考卷阅读理解部分的比重分别是45%、40%、45%.不难发现，细节理解题在阅读理解占有举足轻重的地位，那么，下面就细节理解题，我谈下我个人的体会。 一、定义 文章出现某些现象或观点，题干针对文章的相关内容进行发问，考查学生对相关内容的理解、分析综合的能力。 二、题型探究与解题策略 题型探究一：Wh-题或不完整的陈述式 命题形式： （1）According to Jonathan， what do you need to have fun with kites？ （2）If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit . 典例1 （12 全国卷）：56. If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit . A. a Youtheater B. an art museum C. a natural history museum D. a hands-on science museum 分析：这句话的意思是：如果一个孩子对宇宙感兴趣，他可能会去哪里。题干的关键词是in the universe，我们带着关键词在文章里迅速浏览，找到相关的段落结果，我们会发现in the sky 是对in the universe的转化，所以答案选C。
1．题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why和how等提问。)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等 抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其他类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (NOT) correct? Which of the following statements is (NOT) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true EXCEPT… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 2．解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。 通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： (1)对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 (2)词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 (3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 (4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项(适用于寻找错误选项的题目)。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易 把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： (1)将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 (2)把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 (3)无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 (4)偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 (5)文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提出的问题。 下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。 1．直接信息题 对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节，找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给
细节理解题 (一)题干定位 (2015·全国Ⅰ，A) Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August.Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book.They end around 21：00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers，by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”． December 5th Ice for the Metropolis，by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers，there was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells，and how London's ice trade grew. February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals，by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play. March_6th Eyots and Aits—Thames Islands，by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest. Online bookings：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab8325712.html,/book More info：https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab8325712.html,/whatson London Canal Museum 12-13 New Wharf Road，London NI 9RT https://www.doczj.com/doc/ab8325712.html, www.canalmuseum.mobi Tel：020 7713 0836 文章大意：本文是一则关于伦敦运河博物馆月度讲座安排的广告。
专项阅读理解考察的主要内容之一：考察事实和细节 此类题目大多是针对文章的细节设计的，是阅读中最简单最基础的题，每篇阅读的五个小题中一般是1-3个。此类题型的问题一般有以下两种提问方式（1）考察文章中的时间，地点，人物，情节和结局，主要以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等词引导，就文中某句、某段或某一具体细节进行提问并要求考生回答。（2）文章中出现的语句的真确辨析，以下列问题常见Which of the following is right /not right Which of the following is mentioned /not mentioned From the passage, we know or learn that ….Give the right order of the sentences这类题的特点是：凡针对特定的细节的题目，其正确答案大多都可以在阅读材料中找到相对应的文字描述作为依据。可以是原文中的一个句子，也有可能是若干个句子，但有时是不同与原句的方式，句式或是同义句，同义词。 做好这类题目做好这类题的要领是： 1.明确题意，顺藤摸瓜。 2.按照要求，寻找答案来源。 3.找准关键词，明白其暗示作用。 4.多读课文，正确使用排除法。 务必做到下笔有据，不能根据自己读完后模棱两可的印象去做，必须回到原文中相关的地方反复查看，推敲，得到很确信的答案。另外要求考生在做这类题时，情绪要稳定，不急不躁，有条不紊的排除干扰项。试试下面两篇阅读，你是否能全对！ It was a warm March evening, and I’d just taken a seat on the bus .A middle-aged woman took a seat opposite me. She was crying, not speaking to anyone in particular, she told her story in tears. She had come to the city to visit her daughter. But a thief had stolen one of her bags on the way. In the bag there was half of the money she’d brought with her. After a few minutes, she stopped crying, and began to eat some bread with a sad look. An old man in old and almost broken clothes got on the bus .He sat in front of the woman. After a few minutes, the bus conductor collected tickets. When he came to the old man, the old man felt sorry. He explained that he had spent all his money this morning when he’d gotten on the wrong bus and now he was trying to go home . On hearing this, the bus conductor ordered the old man to get off the bus . The old man was almost in tears a he begged the bus conductor to let him take that bus so he could get home before dark. When the conductor raised his voice at the old man, the woman behind said ,“stop troubling him! Can’t you see he’s only trying to get home”
阅读理解细节理解题解题技巧 尽管近几年高考英语阅读试题中推断题呈不断上升的趋势，但细节题仍然占有较大比例，而且已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查同学们对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。 一、题型特点与命题方式 所谓细节题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述本身发问。一般包括直接理解题（在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who, what, when, where, why 和how 等提问。）语义转化题（需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论）、数字计算题、排列顺序题、图表图画题等。抓住文段中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键，也是做好其它类型问题的基础。这类题型的题干常为： When / Where did the story happen? Which of the following statements is (not) correct? Which of the following statements is (not) mentioned in the passage? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? All the statements are true except… 该题型几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息，或是其变体。所以，搜查信息在阅读中非常重要，它包括理解作者在叙述某事时使用的具体事实、数据、图表等细节信息。在一篇短文里大部分篇幅都属于这类围绕主体展开的细节。 做这类题一般采用寻读法，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题有关的词语或句子，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 二、解题思路与应试技巧 细节题是针对文中某个细节、某句话或某部分具体内容设置问题，正确答案的根据一定可以在原文中找到，即原文的改写往往成为正确选项。通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征： 1、对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。 2、词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。 3、语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。 4、正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的题目）。 干扰项也是以文章中的某个细节设题，若不仔细辨别，很容易把它当成正确选项。干扰项有以下特征： 1、将原文内容扩大或缩小。把原文中的限定词去掉或替换，使该选项看似正确，实际上却是错误选项。 2、把未然当已然。改变文中某句话的时态，如把将来时变成现在时，把未发生的事情当成已发生的事情。 3、无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及。 4、偷换概念。把原来做该事的“张三”换成“李四” ，所述细节确实与原文一致，一不小心就会误选。 5、文不对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题。下面结合最新高考试题，对细节题的不同类型加以解读。
阅读理解之事实细节题——真题再现【2015·湖北】 The oddness of life in space never quite goes away. Here are some examples. First consider something as simple as sleep. Its position presents its own challen ges. The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping b ag. If you leave your arms out, they float free in zero gravity, often giving a sleeping a stronaut the look of a funny balled （芭蕾）dancer. “I’m an inside guy,” Mike Hopkins says, who returned from a six- month tour on the International Space Station. “I like to be wrapped up.” On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the America n astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的）cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache. On the station, the ordinary becomes strange. The exercise bike for the Ameri can astronauts has no handlebars. It also has no seat. With no gravity, it’s just as easy to pedal violently. You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomput er anywhere you want. But station residents have to be careful about staying in one pl ace too long. Without gravity to help circulate air, the carbon dioxide you exhale (呼气) has a tendency to form an invisible （隐形的） cloud around you head. You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon- dioxide headache. Leroy Chiao, 54, an American retired astronaut after four flights, describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.Your inner ear thinks you’re falli ng . Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight. That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.” Within a couple days —
专题技能突破(1)阅读理解之细节理解 【技能讲解】细节理解题答案选项的表述通常不是完全用文章的原话，而是有一定的变化.首先，选项中可能会引用原文中部分内容，导致原文意思被缩小.或者，可能会加一些限定词如all，every等歪曲原文的意思；其次，选项中可能会用与文中同义、近义或反义的词语来转述原文意思；再次，选项中的内容需要对原文意思进行分析、归纳和整理，然后进行判断. 典例剖析 1.[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ，A篇] Monthly Talks at London Canal Museum Our monthly talks start at 19：30 on the first Thursday of each month except August. Admission is at normal charges and you don't need to book. They end around 21：00. November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis. James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers. He was also a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building. Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of at group of early “civil engineers”． ... Q When is the talk on James Brindley? A．February 6th. B．March 6th. C．November 7th. D．December 5th. [答案]C细节理解题.根据文章第二段第二句“James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.”所对应的日期November 7th，故选C. 2．[2015·课标全国卷Ⅰ，D篇]A cafe society where no intellectu- alizing is allowed? It couldn't seem more un-French. But Lehanne's psychology cafe is about more than knowing oneself: It's trying to help the city's troubled neighborhood cafes. Over the years, Parisian cafes have fallen victim to changes in the French lifestyle —longer working hours, a fast-food boom and a younger generation's desire to spend more time at home. Dozens of new theme cafes appear to change the situation. Cafes focused around psychology, history, and engineering are catching on, filling tables well into the evening. ... Q How are cafes affected by French lifestyle changes? A．They are less frequently visited. B．They stay open for longer hours. C．They have bigger night crowds. D．They start to serve fast food. [答案]A细节理解题.根据“Over the years, Parisian cafes... spend more time at home.”可知，法国人生活方式的改变使咖啡馆行业成为受害者——即受到冲击，更少地被光顾.故选A.本题需要转述原文意思才能选对. 技能演练 1.Each year, car crime costs nearly 3 billion. Of course, if you're insured, you won't lose out, or will you? Firstly, you will have to pay extra insurance later on, and then you may not be offered the
传统阅读—细节题 B（2018-III） Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762. 24. What attracted the early settlers to New York City? A. Its business culture. B. Its small population. C. Its geographical position. D. Its favourable climate. 25. What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson? A. Two-thirds of them stayed there. B. One out of five people got rich. C. Almost everyone gave up. D. Half of them died. 26. What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson? A. They found the city too crowded. B. They wanted to try their luck elsewhere. C. They were unable to stand the winter. D. They were short of food. 27. What is the text mainly about? A. The rise and fall of a city. B. The gold rush in Canada. C. Journeys into the wilderness. D. Tourism in Dawson. C（2018-III）