清华大学2004年博士研究生入学考试试题
Part ⅠListening Comprehension (20%)
(略）
Part Ⅱ
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one that completes the sentence and then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWET SHEET
A. clash
B. clarify
C. clarity
D. cla
A. prosperous
B. secretive
C. slack
A. plight
B. polarization
C. plague
A. presidency
B. prestige
C. postscript
A. optimistic
B. optional
C. optimal
26. It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the
A. paradises
B. omissions
C. orchards
A. presumed
B. proposed
C. presented
28. The
A. outgrew
B. overthrew
C. overpassed
A. retarded
B. retired
C. refrained
A. precedence
B. prosperity
31. Her sadness was obvious, but she believed
A. torrent
B. transient
C. tensile
A. weary
B. twilight
C. unanimous
A. wink
B. withhold
C. wither
34. The__________of gifted children into accelerated classes will start next week according to their academic
A. segregation
B. specification
C. spectrum
35. He__________himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that
A. repealed
B. resented
C. relayed
A. cholesterol
B. charcoal
C. catastrophic
A. segments
B. sediments
C. seizures
A. civilized
B. chattered
A. commenced
B. compressed
C. compromised
D. com
A. sensationally
B. simultaneously
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40%)
Directions : There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions of unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and
Each year, millions of people in Bangladesh drink ground water that has been polluted by naturally high levels of arsenic poison. Finding safe drinking water in that country can be a problem. However, International Development Enterprises has a low-cost answer. This non-
People around the world have been harvesting rainwater for centuries. It is a safe, dependable source of drinking water. Unlike ground water, rainwater contains no minerals or salts and is free of chemical treatments. Best of all, it is
The rainwater harvesting system created by International Development Enterprises uses pipes to collect water from the tops of buildings. The pipes stretch from the tops of buildings to a two-meter tall storage tank made of metal. At the top of the tank is a so-called “first -flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling
A fitted cover sits over the “first -flush” device. It protects the water inside the tank from evaporating. The cover
Inside the tank is a low coat plastic bag that collects the water. The bag sits inside another plastic bag similar to those used to hold grains. The two bags are supported inside the metal tank. All total, the water storage system can hold up to three-thousand-five-hundred liters of water. International Development Enterprises says the inner bags may need to
International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom. The total cost to build this rainwater harvesting system is about forty dollars. However, International Development Enterprises expects the price to drop over time. The group says one tank can provide a family of five with enough rainwater to survive a five-
A. ground water
B. rainwater
C. drinking water
D. fresh wat 42. Which of the following contributes to the low-
D. Rainwater can
A. a barrier
B. a wire screen
C. a first-flush
44. The bags used to hold water are likely
A. mosquito insects C. a first-flush device
A. The two bags holding the water shoul
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the follow
back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child
The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made
Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill—the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities,
Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between children and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are
Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters, others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-
46. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in ch
A.
48. The encouragement of children to achieve new
B. a kind of building-
D. suitable exercises for parent-
C. reflect the values of the commun
More than half of all Jews married in U. S. since 1990 have wed people who aren't Jewish. Nearly 480, 000 American children under the age of ten have one Jewish and one non-Jewish parent. And, if a survey compiled by researchers at the University of California at Los Angeles is any indication, it's almost certain that most of these children will not identify themselves as “Jewish” when they get old
That survey asked college freshmen, who are usually around age 18, about their own and their parents' religious
identities. Ninety-three percent of those with two Jewish parents said they thought of themselves as Jewish. But when the father wasn't Jewish, the number dropped to 38 percent, and when the mother wasn't Jew, just 15 percent of the students
“I think what was surprising was just how low the Jewish identification was in these mixed marriage families.” Linda Sax is a professor of education at UCLA. She directed the survey which was conducted over the course of more than a decade and wasn't actually about religious identity specifically. But Professor Sax says the answers to questions about religion were particularly striking, and deserve a more detailed study. She says it's obvious that interfaith marriage works against the development of Jewish identity among children, but says it's not clear at this point why that's the case. “This new study is necessary to get more in-depth about their feelings about their religion. That's something that the study that I completed was not able to do. We didn't have information on how they feel about their religion, whether they have any concern about their issues of identification, how comfortable they feel about their lifelong goals. I think the
Jay Rubin is executive director of Hilel, a national organization that works with Jewish college students. Mr. Rubin says Judaism is more than a religion, it's an experience. And with that in mind, Hillel has commissioned a study of Jewish attitudes towards Judaism. Researchers will concentrate primarily on young adults, and those with two Jewish parents, and those with just one, those who see themselves as Jewish and those who do not. Jay Rubin says Hillel will
A. Jewish and Non-
C. Judaism-
C. 62% of those only
C. marriag
A. The research indicates that most students with only one Jewish parent will
C. Hillel is an organization concerned with Jewish college students in
Governments that want their people to prosper in the burgeoning world economy should guarantee two basic rights: the right to private property and the right to enforceable contracts, says Mancur Olson in his book Power and Prosperity.
Some have argued that such rights are merely luxuries that wealthy societies bestow, but Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creating wealth. “In comes are low in most of the countries of the world, in short, beca
Certain simple economic activities, such as food gathering and making handicrafts, rely mostly on individual labor; property is not necessary. But more advanced activities, such as the mass production of goods, require machines and factories and offices. This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really property-intensive, Olson
“No one would normally engage in capital-intensive production if he or she did not have rights that kept the valuable capital from being taken by bandits, whether roving or stationary,”he argues. “There is no private property without government—individuals may have possessions, the way a dog possesses a bone, but there is private property only if the society protects and defends a private right to that possession against other private parties and against the
Would-be entrepreneurs, no matter how small, also need a government and court system that will make sure people honor their contracts. In fact, the banking systems relied on by developed nations are based on just such an enforceable contract system. “We would not deposit our money in banks...if we could not rely on the bank having to honor its contract with us, and the bank would not be able to make the profits it needs to stay in business if it could not enforce its
Other economists have argued that the poor economies of Third World and communist countries are the result of governments setting both prices and the quantities of goods produced rather than letting a free market determine them. Olson agrees there is some merit to this point of view, but he argues that government intervention is not enough to explain the poverty of these countries. Rather, the real problem is lack of individual rights that give people incentive to generate wealth. “If a society has clear and secure individual rights, there are strong incentives (刺激，动力）to produce, invest, and e
C. He taught economics at the
B. Only in wealthy societies do people have s
A. It's capital
C.
A. government interven
Part ⅣCloze (10%)
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose
For the people who have never traveled across the Atlantic the voyage is a fantasy. But for the people who cross it frequently one crossing of the Atlantic is very much like another, and they do not make the voyage for the__61__of its interest. Most of us are quite happy when we feel__62__to go to bed and pleased when the journey__63__. On the first night this time I felt especially lazy and went to bed__64__earlier than usual. When I__65__my cabin, I was surprised__66__that I was to have a companion during my trip, which made me feel a little unhappy. I had expected__67__but there was a suitcase__68__mine in the opposite corner. I wondered who he could be and what he would be like. Soon afterwards he came in. He was the sort of man you might meet__69__, except that he was wearing__70__good clothes that I made up my mind that we would not__71__whoever he was and did not say__72__. As I had expected, he did not ta
I suppose I slept for several hours because when I woke up it was already the middle of the night. I felt cold but covered__73__as well as I could and tries to go back to sleep. Then I realized that a __74__was coming from the window opposite. I thought perhaps I had forgotten__75__the door, so I got up__76__the door but found it already locked from the inside. The cold air was coming from the window opposite. I crossed the room and__77__the moon shone through it on to the other bed.__78__there. It took me a minute or two to__79__the door myself. I realized that my
61. A. reason B. motive C. cause
62. A. tired enough B. enough tired C. enough tiring
63. A. is achieved B. finish C. is over
64. A. quite B. rather C. fairly
65. A. arrived in B. reached to C. arrived to
66. A. for seeing B. that I saw C. at seeing
67. A. being lonely B. to be lonely C. being alone
68. A. like B. as C. similar than
69. A. in each place B. for all parts C. somewhere
70. A. a so B. so C. such a
71. A. treat together well
C. get on well together
D. go by well together
72. A. him a single word
C. a single word to him
D. not one word to him
73. A. up me B. up myself C. up to myself
74. A. draft B. voice C. air
75. A. to close B. closing
76. A. to shut B. for shutting C. in shutting
77. A. while doing like that
C. as I did so
78. A. It was no one
C. It was anyone
D. There was anyone
79. A. remind to lock
C. remind locking
D. remember locking
C. must have jumped
D. could be jumped
Part ⅤWriting (20%)
Directions: In this part, you are asked to write a composition on the title of “Effect of Research Event on My Later Life and Work” with no less than 200 English words. Your composition should be based on the following outline given
1. 在科研和学习中使我最难忘的一件事情是。
2. 使我难忘的原因是。
3. 它对我后来的影响是。
试题详解
Part Ⅰ
(略）
Part Ⅱ
21. C clarity清澈，clash（金属等的）刺耳的撞击声，clarify澄清，阐明，clatter（硬物等落下或相撞时发
出的）连续而清脆的撞击声。
22. C slack（经济）不景气、不活跃的，prosperous繁荣的，secretive秘密的、偷偷摸摸的，shrill尖声的。
23. A plight困境，polarization分化，plague瘟疫、天灾，pigment色素，颜料。
24. C postscript附言、后记，presidency任期，prestige声望、威望，preliminary预备的、初步的。
25. C optimal最佳的，optimistic乐观的，optional可选择的、随意的，oppressed受压抑的。
26. D outskirts边界、（尤指）市郊，paradise天堂，omission省略、遗漏的东西，orchard果园。
27. D preside over主持，presume假定，认为；propose计划、提议，present介绍、提出。
28. B overfly飞越空中；overpass超越、超出；outgrow长大，长出；overthrow冲进。前三个词后面不能接into, overthrow能接into/onto。
29. A retard延迟，retire退休、退却，refrain节制、避免，retreat撤退，退却。
30. A precedence优先、居先，take precedence over居于…之前，prosperity繁荣，presumption假定，probability
可能性。
31. B transient短暂的，torrent奔流的，tensile可拉长的，textured粗糙的，有织纹的。32. D weird
怪异的，weary疲倦的，twilight模糊的，unanimous意见一致的。
33. C wither枯萎，wink终止、熄灭，withhold忍住，widower鳏夫。
34. A segregation分开、分离，specification详述，规范，spectrum光谱，频谱，subscription捐献，订阅，同意。
35. D reproach责备，reproach oneself for somethin为某事而自责，repeal废止、否定，resent愤恨、怨恨，relay使接替、传播。
36. C catastrophic adj.悲惨的、灾难的，cholesterol n.胆固醇，charcoal n.木炭，chronic adj.慢性的。
37. A segment段、节，sediment沉淀物，seizure抓住，夺取，secrete隐藏。
38. D chord调（乐器的）弦，civilize使开化，chatter喋喋不休地谈，chamber把……关在房间里。
39. B compress压缩，commence开始，compromise妥协、折衷，compensate补偿。
40. B simultaneously同时地，sensationally轰动性地，strenuously费力地，simply简单地。
Part Ⅲ
41. B 文章第二段第二句It (rainwater) is a safe, dependable source of drinking water。雨水是饮用水一个安全可靠的来源，应选B。
treatments.和地下水不同，雨水不含矿物质或盐类，因此无需化学处理。据此推理，使用雨水可省去化学处理费用，成本自然较低。
43. B 第三段最后两句At the top of the tank is a so-called “first-flush”device made of wire screen. This barrier prevents dirt and leaves in the water from falling inside the tank。水箱上面有一个所谓的first-flush的装置，是用铁丝网做的。这一屏障能防止雨水中灰尘和树叶掉落到水箱中。题干中actually“到底”一词很关键，据此可排除C选项，而选出B。
44. D 第五段最后一句However, if the bags are not damaged by sunlight, they could last even longer。然而如果袋子没有受到阳光破坏的话，使用寿命可以更长。据此可知，袋子有可能被太阳光破坏，所以选D。
45. C 最后一段第一句International Development Enterprises says the water harvesting system should be built on
a raised structure to prevent insects from eating into it at the bottom。国际开发企业称雨水贮存系统应该建在一个高起的平台上以防止昆虫咬穿底部进入系统，选C。
46. B 依据文章第一段的第一句和最后一句可知解决少儿发展过程中出现的问题的原则是让孩子重新感受、
体验他们在早期发展中应该但却未能充分体验的东西，所以选B。
47. B 第二段开头The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on。在托儿所里，婴儿们开始学习遵守纪律。哪怕是最小的孩子也得一步步教他学会等待食物，学会有规律地作息等等。据此可知，托儿所里的孩子并不是一开始就作息有规律，而是慢慢学会的。
48. D 第三段讲了在孩子学习新技能时，家长若急于求成往往会适得其反，导致揠苗助长，但如果反过来，家长对孩子不管不问也会让孩子失去学习的热情。词组on the other hand很关键，暗示了两个极端，选D。
49. D 第四段最后两句说家长和孩子可以通过一起玩玩具玩游戏如搭积木、拼图和猜字游戏来促进彼此之间的沟通与合作，所以选D。
50. A 最后一段的最后一句In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being。总的来说，家长对孩子的监督既体现了家长的要求及社会的价值观又要反映孩子的快乐和幸福。所以是实现双重目标。as much as是关键词组，选A。
51. B 整篇文章都在讲述美国有犹太血统的人是否认为自己是犹太人这一问题，所以选B。
52. B 根据第二段第一二句可知调查表明双亲都是犹太人的新生中有93%认为自己也是犹太人。
53. C interfaith marriage意为“不同宗教信仰者间的婚姻”，因此选C。
54. B 根据第二段第一句可知调查是针对加州大学所有新生进行的，而并非只调查犹太新生。所以B是错误的。
55. D 根据最后一段第三句Hillel委托进行（commission)了一个调查，研究犹太人对犹太教的态度，所以D 正确。
56. C 第一段最后一句Olson was an economics professor at the University of Maryland until his death in 1998.
Olson一直在马里兰大学任经济学教授直到1998年去世，所以选C。
57. A 第二段第一句的后半句Olson turns that argument around and asserts that such rights are essential to creatin wealth. Olson把那个论点翻了个个儿，声称这种权利（财产权）对于创造财富至关重要，所以选A。
58. B 第三段最后一句This production is often called capital-intensive, but it is really propertyintensive, Olson observes. 这种生产（批量生产）往往被称为资本密集型生产，但Olson认为其实这是财产密集型生产，所以选B。
59. A 根据第五段第二句可知银行体系的基础就是银行与其客户之间的协议可以得到执行，选A。
60. B 根据最后一段可知Olson认为第三世界国家贫困的真正原因在于人们没有个人权利，也就没有动力去创造财富。
Part Ⅳ
61. D 固定搭配for the sake of，意为“为了，由于”。
62. A 形容人感到疲倦用tired，形容某事或某物能引起疲劳，很累人用tiring；修饰形容词时，enough放在形容词后。
63. C be over意为“结束”。achieve实现，finish是动词跟在journey应加词尾-es, in the end最后。
饰的形容词或副词的分量。但是只有rather可与比较级的词语连用somehow adv. 不知怎地。
65. A arrive in/at some place表示到达某地，没有arrive to这一搭配；reach作“到达”解时，为及物动词，后面无需加介词。
66. D I was surprised to see看到……使我很惊讶，固定搭配。be surprised at something因某事物而吃惊。
67. D expect to do something预计/原先以为会做某事，固定结构。lonely强调寂寞的感觉，alone只表示一
人独处，并不强调寂寞感。
68. A like和as都表示“像……一样”，不同之处在于like后面跟词，而as引导从句；similar to, the same as 和like的意思、用法相似。
69. D anywhere意为“任何地方，随处”，强调任何；in each place在每个地方，强调每个；somewhere某个地方，for all parts语义不明。
70. D clothes是复数，不能用a修饰；修饰名词（good clothes）应用such，而so用来修饰形容词。
71. C get on well together意为“相处融洽”，treat each other well也可以，其余都不对。72. C say something to somebody对某人说某事，固定搭配。tell somebody something也可以。主句中已有否定词not，从句
中就不必再加了。
73. D cover something/somebody up和cover up something/somebody都对，但如果something/somebody是用
代词表示的话，则只能用cover something/somebody up，且这里应该用反身代词，所以选cover myself up。
74. A draft意为“通风气流”，根据上下文可判断作者感觉到的是一股冷风。
75. A forget to do意为“忘记做应该做的事”，forget doing意为“已经做过某事，但忘记了，以为还没做”。
76. A 此处起床的目的是去关门，所以选to shut the door。
77. C as I did so意为“当我穿过房间的时候”。
78. B 根据上下文可推知此处要表达的意思是“床上没有人”，所以用there be结构的否定。
79. D remember doing something意为“想起来曾经做过的事”，remember to do something意为“记得要做未做之事”。
80. C must have done something表示对过去把握比较大的推测，意为“肯定已经”。
Part Ⅴ
参考范文
The most unforgettable thing in my research career by now is a course named aspects of translation that was given
One of the reasons for which the course has left such a deep impression on me is that it was the first time I learned to look at and study translation from a completely new perspective, the perspective of linguistics. Before taking that course, I though that translation was no more than the mechanic practice of turning texts written in one language into those in another and didn't realize that it had anything to do with linguistics, though, in retrospect, the link ought to be obvious for linguistics is the science that studies language properly. It was very fortunate for me to attend during the same semester the course Introduction to Linguistics, which helped me pave the way for the study of that critical course. Obvious as the link between the two disciplines was, it was still a giant project to actually connect the two and the course proved to be very brain-consuming. However, once the barriers collapsed, the landscape altered and became much
Encouraged by the first attempt at inter-disciplinary study, in my later research and life I always try to bridge what I have learned in different courses and different aspects of life, to fill them into my jigsaw of knowledge about the world and myself and to complete it and perfect myself.
2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案【十篇】 仰望天空时，什么都比你高，你会自卑;俯视大地时，什么都比你低，你会自负;只有放宽视野，把天空和大地尽收眼底，才能在苍穹泛土之间找到你真正的位置。无须自卑，不要自负，坚持自信。以下我无忧考网为考生整理的《2018考博英语翻译练习题及答案第二部分【十篇】》供您查阅。 2018考博英语翻译练习：泡腊八蒜 考博英语翻译题型多为汉译英，各博士招生院校大多都有此题型，考博英语复习初期阶段新东方在线考博频道为考博生们整理了一些考博英语翻译练习，供大家平日复习。 泡腊八蒜是中国北方，尤其是华北地区的一个习俗。顾名思义，就是在阴历腊月初八的这天来泡制大蒜。其实材料非常简单，就是醋和大蒜瓣儿。做法也是极其简单，将剥了皮的蒜瓣儿放到一个可以密封的罐子、瓶子之类的容器里面，然后倒入醋，封上口放到一个冷的地方。慢慢地，泡在醋中的蒜就会变绿，最后会变得通体碧绿的，如同翡翠碧玉。老北京人家，一到腊月初八，过年的气氛一天赛过一天，
华北大部分地区在腊月初八这天有用醋泡蒜的习俗。 译文参考： Laba garlic bulbs in the north,particularly in North China,a custom. As the name suggests,at the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar day the Chinese people are apt to cook garlic.In fact,the materials is very easy, that is,vinegar and garlic petal.Approach is extremely simple too,the rinded garlic cloves can be sealed into a jar,flasks and the favor inside the container,then pour vinegar,sealed port into a cold location. Slowly, the garlic drenched in vinegar ambition turn green,and finally transform entire body green as emerald jade.Old Beijing human,1 to the eighth daytime of the twelfth lunar month,one day outdo the air of Chinese New Year day in most parts of north China this day be serviceable in the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month vinegar and garlic bulbs custom. 解析： 大蒜：garlic
2017年北京清华大学考博英语真题 1. The leaders of the two countries feel it desirable to funds from armaments to health and education. A. derive B. deprive C. dispatch D. divert 2. To fund the event and also promote the marketing value of the National Games, the organizing committee set up the Marketing Development Department (MDD). A. beneficent B. expensive C. costly D. luxurious 3. Japanese workers still put in an impressive 42 hours each week, but they are by the South Koreans and Singaporeans who spend an average 46 hours at the grindstone. A. outdone B. outweighed C. outrun D. outrivaled 4. With the economy of the country going strong, the mood is optimism. A. presiding B. circulating C. floating D. prevailing 5. The hunter knows quite well that wild animals go seeking their in the jungle after dark. A. victim B. favorite C. prey D. sacrifice 6. The company, EDS, is smart enough to its 90,000-person workforce into independent micro teams that work directly with individual clients on creative business solutions. A. break out 、 B. break off C. break from D. break down 7. They agreed to take their disputes before the committee and by its decisions. A. stand B. observe C. abide D. precede 8. Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very . A. obscure B. indefinite C. dubious D. intriguing 9. Please don’t too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.
2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure (15%) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the center. 1. It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______ way the store was organized. A. logical B. haphazard C. orderly D. tidy 【答案】B 【解析】句意：由于店铺东西摆放杂乱无章，干活时找寻所需东西相当困难。haphazard 随意的；无计划的；胡乱的。orderly整齐的；有组织的。 2. Mississippi also upholds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm, hospitable people; balmy year-round weather; and truly ______ cuisine. A. destructive B. horrible
四川大学2012考博英语真题及答案详解 阅读 1）Sign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique—a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light on an old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born With, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world’s only liberal arts university for deaf people. When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher. Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the “hand talk” his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually: have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? I t was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing a s “substandard”. Stokoe’s idea was academic heresy (异端邪说). It is 37 years later. Stokoe—now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture—is having lunch at a cafe near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. “What I said,” Stokoe explains, “is that language is not mouth stuff—it’s brain stuff.” 21. The study of sign language is thought to be _____C___. A) a new way to look at the learning of language B) a challenge to tradi t ional, views on the nature of language C) an approach: to simplifying the grammatical structure of a language D) an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language（C） 22. The, present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by ___C_____. A) a famous scholar in the study of the human brain B) a leading specialist in the study of liberal arts C) an English teacher in a university for the deaf D) some senior experts in American Sign Language（C） 23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____B___. A) a Substandard language B) a genuine language C) an artificial language D) an international language（B）
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
General English Admission Test For Non-English Major Ph.D. program (Harbin Institute of Technology) Passage One Questions 1-7 are based on the following passage: According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems were formed over two billion years ago from magmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelike bodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is contrary to the widely held view that the systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids that formed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks. The recently developed theory has considerable practical importance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because the y had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods. Although these same methods still leas to an occasional discovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression. The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals. Methods widely used today include analysis of aerial images that yield a broad geological overview, geophysical techniques that provide data on the magnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of the rocks being investigated, and sensitive chemical tests that are able to detect : the subtle chemical halos that often envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to which they are applied have never mineralized, and to maximize the chances of discovery the explorer must therefore pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies to varying degrees on conceptual models, which take into account theoretical studies of relevant factors. These models are constructed primarily from empirical observations of known mineral deposits and from theories of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible. 1. The author is primarily concerned with . A. advocating a return to an older methodology. B. explaining the importance of a recent theory. C. enumerating differences between two widely used methods D. describing events leading to a discovery 2. According to passage, the widely held view of Archean-age gold-quartz vein
清华大学2007年博士研究生人学考试 英语试题 Part I Listening Comprehension(15 points)(略） Part II Reading Comprehendon (40%) Directions ：There are 4 reading passages in this part Each passage is followed by some questions or unfin?ished statements. For each or them there are four choices marked A，B, C and D* You should decide on the best choice and then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet Questions 16 to 20 are based on the foUowing passage： Sometimes，over a span of many years，a business will continue to grow，generating ever-increasing a- mounts of cash，repurchasing stock，paying increased dividends，reducing debt，opening new stores，expan?ding production facilities，moving into new markets，etc.，while at the same tune its stock price remains stagnant (or even falls)* When this happens，the average and professional investors alike tend to overlook the company because they become familiar with the trading range. Take，for example，Wal-Mart Over the past five years，the retailing behemoth has grown sales by over 80% , profits by over 100%，and yet the stock price has fallen as much as 30% during that timeframe. Clearly, the valuation picture has changed An investor that read the annual report back in 2000 or 2001 might have passed on the security，deeming it too expensive based on a metric such as the price to earnings ratio. Today，however, the equation is completely different~despite the stock price,Wal-Mart is, in essence, trading at half its former price because each share is backed by a larger dividend, twice the earnings power, more stores，and a bigger infrastructure. Home Depot is in much the same boat，largely because some Wall Street analysts question how fast two of the world?s largest companies can continue to grow before their sheer size slows them down to the rate of the general economy. Coca-Cola is another excellent example of this phenomenon. Ten years ago，in 1996, the stock traded between a range of $36. 10 and $54. 30 per share. At the time, it had reported earnings per share of $ 1. 40 and paid a cash dividend of $ 0. 50 per share. Corporate per share book value was $ 2. 48. Last year, the stock traded within a range of $ 40. 30 and $ 45. 30 per share；squarely in the middle of the same area it had been nearly a decade prior! Yet，despite the stagnant stock price，the 2006 estimates Value Line In?vestment Survey estimates for earnings per share stand around $2. 16 (a rise of 54% )，the cash dividend has more than doubled to $ 1. 20, book value is expected to have grown to $ 7. 40 per share (a gain of nearly 300% )，and the total number of shares outstanding (未偿付的，未完成的）has actually decreased,from 2. 481 billion to an estimated 2, 355 billion due to the company's share repurchase program. 16. This passage is probably a part of ? A. Find Hidden Value in the Market B. Become Richer C. Get Good Bargains D. Identify Good Companies 17. The italicized word“ stagnant?，(line 3，Para. 1) can be best paraphrased as ? A. prominent B. terrible C. unchanged D. progressing Wal-Mart is now trading at a much lower price because . A. it has stored a large quantity of goods B. it has become financially more powerful C. it has been eager to collect money to prevent bankruptcy
2015年华东师范大学考博英语真题及详解 Paper One Part I Vocabulary and Structure(15%) Directions:There are30incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre. 1.Mo Yan is_____as one of China’s most talented writers. A.acclaimed B.claimed C.blamed D.studied 【答案】B 【解析】句意：莫言被称为中国最有才华的作家之一。be claimed as意为“被称为”，符合句意，故选B项。 2.There has been no twentieth-century anthropologist more_____or more controversial than Margaret Mead. A.imaginative B.hard-working C.celebrated D.strong-minded 【答案】C 【解析】句意：20世纪的人类学家中没有谁比玛格丽特·米德更著名或者说更有争议。备受争议从侧面说明了她比较出名，celebrated“著名的，有名望的”符合句意。故选C项。 https://www.doczj.com/doc/ad5206608.html,munication satellites transmit information more_____than do ordinary shortwave radios. A.conveniently B.reliably C.accessibly D.concisely 【答案】B 【解析】句意：通讯卫星比普通的短波无线电通讯传送信息更加可靠。reliably可靠地。conveniently便利地，合宜的。accessibly可接近地，可得到地。concisely简洁地。这里强
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered
清华大学考博英语必备翻译知识点与例句 1.When I fetched the sketch on the stretcher I found the secretary's secret. 当我拿来担架上的素描时我发现了秘书的秘密. 2.The mutual spirits inspired us to reach the annual aim. 相互的精神鼓舞了我们达到年度目标. 3.The roaring oar hit the coarse keyboard on the cupboard aboard the boat. 轰鸣的桨击中了船上碗柜上的粗糙键盘. 4.My intimate mate's ultimate estimate approximates the appropriate value. 我亲密伙伴的最终估计接近恰当的值.需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 5.In case of necessity,necessary session can be held on the vessel. 必要时,必需的开庭可在船舶上进行. 6.By the navigation of microwave,the navy paved a pavement on the wavy sea. 借助微波导航，海军在多浪的大海上铺了一条路。 7.The minority of us are confronted with difficulty in the frontier of the major. 我们少数人在该专业尖端领域面临困难. 8.From the context of the text,I find the next pretext for
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A 选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。