上海交通大学附属中学2018-2019学年高三第一学期摸底考试
英语试卷
（考试时间120分钟；满分140分）
第I卷
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
1-5 BD A BC ABC D 6-10 B AB CB AC C
Teenagers seem more likely to give in to peer influence than adults, but that may not be because teens are less 1 of making rational decisions themselves, studies on peer pressure suggest.
Research finds people are strikingly susceptible to influences teenagers, but to what degree varies widely. In a growing body of work, scientists suggest that teens are more 2 to peer pressure than adults because they get greater pleasure from behavior they experience as rewarding. They tend to find being liked by other people very pleasing.
Peer influence during adolescence is normal. During that time, people experience an increase in novelty-seeking, 3 by interest in exploring a new environment. This peer influence tends to 4 around age 15 and then decline. Teens get better at setting boundaries with peers by age 18, according to Laurence Steinberg, a psychology professor at Temple University.
In years past, people thought teens didn’t have fully 5 frontal lobes (额叶), the part of the brain critical for decision-making and other more complex cognitive tasks. But an increasing amount of research seems to show that teens are able to make decisions as well as adults when they are not overwhelmed 6 with emotions.
Peer pressure is often seen as negative, and indeed it can 7 teens into unhealthy behavior like smoking or speeding. But it can also lead to 8 in more useful social behavior. If peers value doing well in school or excelling at sports, for instance, it might encourage kids to study or train harder. And both peer pressure and learning to 9 it are important developmental steps to self-reliance, experts say.
Facing the influence of friends represents an important developmental step for teens on their way to becoming independent-thinking adults, scientists say.
In order for kids to develop the ability to stand up to peer pressure, parents have to let their children stand up to them, too, according to Dr. Steinberg. “If you’re the kind of parent that raises your children with the ‘do it because I said so’ 10 , you’re raising a child who’s going to be more susceptible to others saying, ‘Do this,’” he says.
(B)
1-5 CD C A D AC 6-10 ABC BC AB B BD
Students Honor 9/11 Through Volunteering
In the days after Sept. 11, 2001, thousands poured into Ground Zero to lend their hands in one of the largest recovery efforts(恢复经济) in American history. Now, 12 years later, colleges are finding ways to channel（疏通）the same 1 into service projects in their own communities on September 11th.
"9/11 is such a(n) __2__ touchstone（试金石）for our country, I think people want to find ways to do something, and students as well," says Kevin Kruger, president of the student affairs group. "The idea of giving something back to the __3__ ties in well to（密切配合）the emotional significance of that."
Though no corner of the country was untouched by the terrorist attacks, they especially rocked （晃动）New York University on 9/11. Less than two miles from Ground Zero, students__4__ the plane-on-tower impact from their dorm rooms. The university coordinated（协调）shelters and counseling（提供建议）in the days afterward.
Because of this, NYU public affairs director Philip Lentz says the volunteer work the students do this week has a "special relevance（关联）." Students today __5__ at a rescue mission, wrote cards for soldiers and veterans（老兵）and made donations for the families of victims and first responders （现场目击者）on 9/11.
"NYU feels it has a special __6__ to offer this service opportunity to students that are here so they can give back to the community that was so devastated（毁灭）by the attacks," Lentz says.
Similar deeds have been taking place in George Washington University in Washington, D.C. "For the past five years at GW, freshmen have boarded buses immediately after their official welcome __7__ in early September to head for the nation's financial capital and volunteer in __8__ that aid the environment, education, veterans and community organizations," says Amy Cohen, the
university's director for civic engagement and public service.
"We hope that students will learn that community __9__ is part of how we build strong communities and a vibrant __10__ society," Cohen wrote in an e-mail to USA TODAY. "We ask students to reflect on the tragedy of 9/11 and to use this day as a way to show civic engagement and community building."
Ⅰ. Reading comprehension.
Section A
Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
(A)
Harvard Library
If we compare professors and students to the host of a university, then the library of a university can be compared to the hallway. The quality of a university, 1 , is in direct proportion to that of its library. At Harvard，the library is an essential part of everybody's life. Both the quantity and the 2 of the library make study a pleasant process.
Harvard Library is not only the most ancient library in the United States, but the largest university library with the largest scale. In 1638 John Harvard 3 his whole library to the then Harvard College. After 300 years of development, the library now holds 10 million books and 4 more than 100 branch libraries. In addition to the libraries owned by each school, there are some branch libraries that are 5 in some aspects. While most of the branch libraries are on Harvard campus, some are as far as in Washington, D.C., or even in Florence of Italy. Yenching Library is famous for its 6 of East Asian literature. Lamont Library is the first library in the world that is 7 for undergraduates. Widener Library is the largest library in Harvard, only second to Library of Congress.
What 8 to be mentioned is the system or rather the
service of the libraries. Usually the libraries are open from 9 a.m. to 5
p.m.. The main libraries are open until 10 p.m.. The libraries for
undergraduates will even be open all night during the 9
period. The libraries also provide with students the service of 10 reading materials for all courses. At the beginning of a semester, each teacher will give a list of books to the librarians. The librarians are 11 to find out these books and put them at the places where students can easily find them.
There is no limitation for the number of books that students can borrow. As the space for the
library is limited, many books are 12 in suburban library. Despite this, students can go to fetch the book at the 13 library within 24 hours after they submit request for that book. Even if there is only one book to be fetched from the suburban library, the libraries on campus will send someone to do the job. This kind of 14 which put readers in the first place is rare even in Ivy League. Therefore, study at Harvard will be a(n) 15 experience.
A）1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DCABD
1. A. as a result B. to some extent C. on the contrary D. at all times
2. A. influence B. discipline C. quality D. prospect
3. A. donated B. assigned C. adapted D. distributed
4. A. contains B. composes C. involves D. includes
5. A. informative B. different C. secure D. peculiar
6. A. collections B. documents C. phenomena D. exhibitions
7. A. unusually B. formally C. specially D. especially
8. A. remains B. happens C. appears D. deserves
9. A. examination B. experiment C. vacation D. graduation
10. A. confirming B. preparing C. selecting D. designing
11. A. desperate B. willing C. reluctant D. responsible
12. A. exhibited B. reserved C. stored D. classified
13. A. appointed B. accepted C. expected D. restricted
14. A. performance B. service C. activity D. response
15. A. fortunate B. creative C. positive D. enjoyable
(B)
Instead of cruising in on a hoverboard, I rode my bike to the office today. The bicycle was invented in the 19th century. Instead of taking a pill for breakfast, I had a bacon roll, cooked using gas. Science fiction has 1 to us.
Making predictions is tricky, especially about the future, as physicist Niels Bohr joked. In science fiction, you can't escape that 2 though. Since its birth in the 19th century, writers have 3 imagined the things to come: devices that humankind will invent to make life easier. But in so many instances, those promises have not come to pass. The biggest 4 are in travel--jet packs, hoverboards and flying cars are yet to fill the skies. Air travel has become significantly cheaper and wide-reaching, but only using distinctly 20th-century technology: commercial aero planes are much the same as they were 50 years ago.
5 is what science fiction frequently delivers, but its arrival in the real world has been unpredictable. Domestic robots with a degree of intelligence are yet to
6 , though robotic vacuum cleaners are commercially available--even if they are fairly hopeless. Video calls have now arrived--sort of--but conferencing on Skype is still dissatisfying. In mobiles, video call technology is now available, so when your dad rings to update you on his vegetable patch, he'll be able to
7 your look of boredom.
The truth is that we quickly 8 the astonishment of invention: our wonderment is soon replaced with the feeling of nothing new. We should ty to stay in that period of 9 . It is astonishing that the contents of every book ever written can be stored in a small box. Or that you can carry 10,000 albums on an object kept in your pocket. Or that almost all the information in the world can be accessed almost anywhere at any time. All these 10 are dependent on the emergence of the microchip and its place in computers. Yet sci-fi didn’t 11 the dominance of the computer in running our lives.
But the real area where 12 far outstrips predictions is medicine. Sure, fiction would describe humans as ‘disease-free’ but without going into detail. “Disease-fee” humans are still absent, but the progress made in 13 life is breathtaking. With relative ease, we can sequence anyone's genome (基因组), giving a read-out of our entire genetic code. This means we can find out the underlying genetic cause of thousands of diseases in minutes.
Photosensitive implants now exist that can replace damaged cells in the retina (视网膜) and can thus 14 sight to the blind. While the inventions of science fiction can show great ideas we’d like to happen, nothing 15 the inventiveness of people in the real world.
B）1-5 BBDAC 6-10 ACCBD 11-15 ADACD
1. A. tuned B. lied C. objected D. talked
2. A. opportunity B. challenge C. Imagination D. conflict
3. A. hesitantly B. critically C. temporarily D. tirelessly
4. A. disappointments B. advancements C. enjoyments D. experiments
5. A. Modernization B. Exploration C. Automation D. Transportation
6. A. materialize B. identify C. honour D. liberate
7. A. imagine B. feel C. see D. ignore
8. A. arouse B. discover C. forget D. evaluate
9. A. frustration B. amazement C. boredom D. limitation
10. A. modes B. worries C. potentials D. actions
11. A. predict B. overlook C. motivate D. prevent
12. A. quality B. obstacle C. passion D. reality
13. A. maintaining B. creating C. researching D. encountering
14. A. show B. lend C. restore D. label
15. A. guarantees B. overestimates C. releases D. Outperforms
Section B
Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In his book The Tipping Point Canadian author Malcolm Gladwell explains how a trend can take many forms. It can be a general change in social behaviour, an idea or a fashion. However, why do some trends catch on and others not? What makes one particular brand of training shoe suddenly become the must-have product? How do people find out about trends and what makes people want to buy into them? Is it simply a question of keeping up with other people?
In his new work, Gladwell explores the moment when something becomes common and how products, ideas messages and forms of behaviour spread. He looks at the reasons why trends are similar in the way they develop to outbreaks of disease, or medical epidemics.
Epidemics, like trends, start in a very small way, maybe from a single person with a virus, then spread very quickly until they take over the population and appear to be everywhere. Eventually, they will slowdown gradually or die out suddenly. Gladwell shows how these changes happen not gradually but at one dramatic moment.
Gladwell identifies three types of people who are influential in the development of these kinds of social epidemics.
Connectors are people in a community who have wide social circles. They know a lot of people and like to introduce people to catch other. The people they know also tend to come from a variety of social, cultural professional and economic circles.
Mavens are people with a lot of knowledge or experts in a particular field. They wish to pass on their knowledge to others. Mavens collect and gather information so are the first to pick up on new trends.
Salesmen are people with charisma and powerful negotiation skills. They have a soft influence over people rather than actual power. This means they are influential because people want to imitate them.
Overall, Gladwell's book is a thought-provoking read for anyone interested in the origins of
trends. What's more, he writes in a clear style so even the most difficult ideas are easy to understand.
71.According to Gladwell, which of the following is a similarity between trends and epidemics?
A. Both of them start from nowhere
B. Both of them die out in a short time
C. Both of them become popular overnight
D. Both of them change he way people think
72. What can be concluded from the passage about The Tipping Point?
A. It is the writers first book to touch on social phenomena
B. It is intended to introduce the trends that once took over
C. It deals with the ideas that most people identify with
D. It explores How a trend originates and spreads
73. The passage is most likely to be
A. an adver sement
B. a review
C. a news report
D. a feature story
74. Salesmen work in the development of trends by means of
A people intention to follow them
B the way they gather information
D. their influence on the trends
C. their professional knowledge
（B）
(
*Please purchase a ticket before boarding the coach
75. On December 25th, 2014, the first coach from, Heathrow Terminal I to Reading departs at____.
A.7:15
B.7:00
C.6:50
D.6:35
76. If you are to reach Terminal 2 of the Heathrow Airport before 10: 00 a.m., you need to get to Reading Station not later than____.
A $. 30am B.8:45am C.9:00a,m. D.9:15a.m
77. The information leaflet is produced by____.
A. Reading
B. Intercity
C. Railair Link
D. Heathrow Airport
(C)
As students are discussing their favorite colleges, there’s one characteristic they can’t control their race. That’s one reason voters, courts and politicians in six states have outlawed racial preferences in college admissions, while other colleges, fearful-of lawsuits, play down their affirmative action efforts these days. But make no mistake race still matters. How much depends on the school and the state.
In: Texas, public universities have managed to reduce the effect of racial-preference bans by automatically admitting the top 10% of the graduating class of every high school, including those schools where most students are minorities. But Rice University in Houston, private and highly selective, has had to reinvent its admissions strategies to maintain the schools minority enrollment. Each February, 80 to 90 black, Hispanic(西班牙裔) and Native American kids visit Rice on an expenses-paid trip. Rice urges headmasters from high schools with large minority populations to recommend qualified students. And in the fall, Rice sends two recruiters on the road to find minority applicants; each recruiter visits about 80 mainly black or Hispanic high schools. Two weeks ago, Rice recruiter Tamara Siler dropped in on Westlake High in Atlanta, where 99% of the 1296 students are black. Siler went hearing literature and advice, and though only two kids showed up, she said: "Tm pleased I got two."
Rice has also turned to some almost comical end-runs around the spirit of the law. The university used to award a yearly scholarship to a Mexican-American student; now it goes to a student who speaks Spanish really well. Admissions officers no longer know an applicant’s race. But a new essay question asks about each student "background" and "cultural traditions". When Rice officials read applications, they look for "diverse life experiences and what they awkwardly call "overcome students", who have triumphed over hardship.
Last spring, admissions readers came across a student whose SAT score was lower than 1,200 and who did not rank in the top 10% of her class. Numerically speaking, she was far behind most
accepted applicants: But her essay and recommendations indicated a strong interest in civil rights and personal experience with racial discrimination. She was admitted. All the newspapers say affirmative action is done, “says an experienced adviser at a large New York City high school. But nothing has changed. I have a(minority)kid at Yale with an SAT score in the high 900s.
78. What does the word outlaw"(in Para. 1)most probably mean?
A. support
B. consider D. hate
C. ban
79. What can we infer from the passage about affirmative action?
A. It guarantees students, of different races to be admitted equally.
B It discriminates against minority students in college admissions.
C. It gives preference to minority students in college admissions.
D. It is popular with American colleges but not with the American public
80. Why does Rice University send two recruiters to find minority applicants?
A. Rice has a large minority population
B: Rice wants to maintain its minority enrollment
C Minority students do not favor Rice very much
D. Minority students have better school performance
81. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A: Here Comes Equality at Last
B. Yes. Your Race Still Matters
C. Well Done. Affirmative Action
D. Minorities Are Still a Minority in Universities
(D)
Direction: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Sleep in a Box
Having a newborn can be discouraging and troublesome. What do you need to buy? How will you get the baby to sleep? And how will you pay for everything? Could the answers to these worries lie in a “baby box"?
The baby box has taken the world by storm, but what is it? Well, it originated in Finland in thel930s as a kind of basic items for parents-to-be. The box, provided by the government, contains supplies, such as bibs, nappies, and teething toys. It also comes with a small mattress, which is placed in the bottom of the box to create the baby’s first small bed. Now, the idea of putting a child to sleep inbox may shock some. 82_______ the box has been a huge success and is said to be one of the main reasons why the death rate of infants in Finland is so low.
A few years ago, stories of the Finnish baby box went relating to viruses. Other countries around the world have since caught onto the idea and adapted it to suit local needs. For example, in South Africa, the box is made of plastic and can be used as a bath rather than a bed. A(83* The version tested in India includes other appropriate supplies, such as a mosquito het to protect babies from malaria(疟疾).
In Canada, additions to the baby box include a bed-side assistance booklet “to help fathers connect with their babies, Written in the style of a car-repair manual, the booklet offers first-time dads helpful advice on matters such as how to burp(使打嗝)their child. 84________ I wanted to make that moment available to all parents,” said Morris, a father of a two-month baby boy.
85_________ Many believe governments should focus on providing parents with adequate maternity and paternity Leaves(父母产假) and improving health care and education．Good things cone in small packages, though, and for such a simple idea the baby box really does do a lot of things!
第II卷
Ⅰ.Grammar
Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
(A)
E-cigarettes, widely prompted as an alternative (1)_____to smoking, are actually attracting
young people who might not otherwise (2)_____(smoke) tobacco products, a new US study suggested Monday.
E-cigarettes (3)_____(think) by some to be responsible for a decline in American youth cigarette smoking, but researchers from the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) indicated the reality is the opposite.
The USCF researchers concluded that many kids who went on (4)_____(smoke) regular cigarettes may not have used nicotine(尼古丁) at all if e-cigarettes did not exist. "We didn't find any evidence that e-cigarettes are causing youth smoking to decline," said lead author Lauren Dutra of the UCSF.
(5)_____ some of the kids using e-cigarettes were also smoking cigarettes, we found that kids who were at low risk of starting nicotine with cigarettes were using e-cigarettes," Dutra said. "Recent declines in youth smoking are likely (6)_____ tobacco control efforts, not to e-cigarettes."
The findings, published in U.S. journal Pediatrics, built on a growing body of evidence that adolescents who start with e-cigarettes are (7)_____(likely) to subsequently smoke traditional cigarettes.
They found that cigarette smoking among U.S. adolescents declined during that decade, but did not decline faster (8)_____ the advent of e-cigarettes in the U.S. between 2007 and 2009.
"E-cigarettes are encouraging -- not discouraging -- youth to smoke and to consume nicotine, and (9)_____(expend) the tobacco market," said senior author Stanton Glantz, UCSF professor of medicine and director of the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education.
In August 2016, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration restricted e-cigarette purchases to adults ages 18 and older. The FDA will also require a warning label on e-cigarettes, starting August 2018, regarding the addictive nature of nicotine. However, the FDA's (10)_____(rule) does not regulate advertising or flavors, and e-cigarettes continue to be sold in flavors that appeal to youth, the UCSF researchers said.
(B)
There seems never (11)______(be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, (12)______is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies (13)______ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are (14)______ the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, (15)______(step) into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much (16)______ they changed over the centuries but how much they (17)______(remain) the same.The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and (18)______ persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys (19)______(appear). Variations depended on local customs and ways of life (20)______ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
(C)
In a shocking turn of events, the Academy Award for Best Picture was mistakenly awarded to "La La Land," (21)______ cast(剧组演员) and crew took the stage and began giving speeches－until a moment later the producers realized actually the award (22)_______(mean) for "Moonlight”.
Presenter Warren Beatty explained afterwards that he was handed the wrong envelope, which contained the winner for best actress Emma Stone (23)______(star) in " La la land” After staring at the card for several moments, in (24)______ appeared to be an attempt to build suspense, his co-presenter Faye Dunaway announced that “La La Land" had won best picture.
Realizing the mistake, representatives of Price Waterhouse Coopers raced onstage to stop the acceptance speeches from the "La La Land” team, and called the "Moonlight" cast and crew to the stage. Barry Jenkins’ "Moonlight" had actually won best picture in a historic Oscar upset.
"La La land" came in with 14 nominations, a record that tied (25)_____with “Titanic” and “All About Eve”. Barry Jenkins tender, coming-of-age drama, made for just $1.5 million, is an unusually small Oscar winner. "Even in my wildest dreams this cannot be true, " said the astonished Jenkins once he reached the stage.
Host Jimmy Kimmel had come forward(26)______(inform) the cast that "Moonlight" had indeed won, showing the inside of the envelope(27)_______ proof. And Producer Jordan Horwitz then graciously passed his statue to the "Moonlight" producers.
Barry Jenkins, the writer-director of "Moonlight" and Tare Alvin McCraney, whose play it was based on, won for(28)_______(adapt) screenplay. “For all you people out there (29)_______feel like there isn’t a mirror out there for you, the academy has your back, the ACLU has your back and for the next four years we will not leave you alone, we will not forget you, " said Jenkins.
Backstage, Oscar winner Emma Stone said, "I think everyone’s in a state of confusion still. Later the actress, who pledged her deep love of "Moonlight" added, "Is that(30)______(crazy)Oscar moment of all time? Cool!
Ⅰ.Translation
1．你是否具备了成为一名演员的必要素质？(take)
2．不可否认的是均衡的饮食是保持健康的关键之一。(key)
3．他突然想到那部公众评价很高的电影是基于一个真实的发生在十九世纪二十年代的故事。(occur)
4. 尽管任何有责任心和毅力的人都有资格申请该职位，但是谁能最终脱颖而出还有待进一步观察。(remain)
参考答案：
I.
A ）1-5 BD A BC ABC D 6-10
B AB CB A
C C
B）1-5 CD C A D AC 6-10 ABC BC AB B BD
II.
A）1-5 BCADB 6-10 ACDAB 11-15 DCABD
B）1-5 BBDAC 6-10 ACCBD 11-15 ADACD
71. C 72. D 73. B 74. A
75.A 76. A 77. B
78.C 79. C 80. B 81. B
82.AB 83. A 84. C 85. B
1.to
2. have smoked
3. are thought
4. to smoke
5. Although
6.due to
7. more likely
8. after
9. are expanding 10. ruling
11.to have been 12. as 13. where 14. after 15. to step
16.how 17. have remained 18. their 19. appeared 20. because
21.whose 22. was meant 23. starring 24. what 25. it
26.to inform 27. as 28. adapted 29. who 30. the craziest
1.Have you got the necessary qualities that it takes to become an actor?
2.It is undeniable that a balanced diet is one of the keys to health.
3.It suddenly occurred to him that the highly publicized film was based on a true story in the 1820s.
4.Although anyone with a sense of responsibility and perseverance is eligible to apply for the position, it remains to be seen who will eventually stand out.