1 ? The scent she carried in her samples and on her body was a message to the other bees that this was the one they were looking for.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)
分析：本句的主句为"The scent was a message to the other bees"： "she carried ill her samples and on her body 语从句，做The scent的立语，关系词在左语从句中做宾语，因
此被省掉；"that this was the one they were looking fbF'为that 引导的同位语从句，做 a message 的同位语："they were looking for '为左语从句，做the one的左语，关系词在左语从句中做for 的宾语，因此被省掉。
2.Soon he would also discover a number of other remarkable facts about how bees communicate and, in doing so, revolutionize the study of animal behavior generally.(剑4, General Training Test B section 3)
分析：力'句fl勺主句为"he would also discover a number of otlier remarkable facts about...and revolutionize the study of annual behavior generally'： "how bees communicate''为how 弓I 导的宾语从句，做介词abom的宾语。
3.There had. of course? been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall * of hard usual English words*.(剑5. Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句主句"There had been dictionaries^； "the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall * of hard usual English words P>为独立主格结构，］￡ 中"compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray"*1广published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall 'of hard usual English words"均为过去分词短语作能语，做a little book的定语。
4.It is highly appropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of the heyday of the middle class.(剑
5. Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句为"It is highly appropriate tliat... ", Jg中it为形式主语，真正的主语为(hat 引导的主语从句，即"that Dr Samuel Jolmson. tlie Tery model of an eighteenth-century literary man, as famous in his own time as in ours, should have published his Dictionary at the ?very begiimmg of the heyday of the middle class'、；在主语?从.句中"the very model of an cightccmh-century literary mad'为Dr Samuel Johnson 的同位语，"as famous in his own time as in ours"为Dr Samuel Johnson 的定语。
5.His approach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries was intensely practical.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句为"His approach to the problems was intensely practical、'；"that had worned writers throughout the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries"为左语〃、句，做the problems 的定语，关系词为that。
6.He was to be paid ￡ 1,575 in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary- workshop*.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1 )
分析：本句为并列句，"He was to be paid ￡ 1,575 in installments"和"from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which he set up his 'dictionary workshop^'并列，由and 连接：八in which he set up liis 'dictionary workshop*.为左语从句，做17 Gough Square 的怎语，关系词为which o
7.James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as 4fitted up like a
counting house f with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.(剑5, Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句主句为、'James Boswell described the garret as * fitted up like a counting house* with a long desk "； "his biographer"为James Boswell 的同位语："where Johnson worked''为左语从句，做the garret的左语，关系词为where; Finning down die middle"为现在分词短语做立语，做a long desk 的定语；"at which the copying clerks would work standing up"为左语从句，做long desk的泄语，关系词为which。
8.He was also helped by six assistants, two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation.(剑5. Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句主句为、'H亡was also helped by six assistants^： "two of whom died whilst the dictionary was still in preparation''为定语从句,做six assistants 的定语,关系词为whom：在龙语从句中，whilst the dictionary was still in preparation''为whilst 引导的时间状语从句。
9.The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knew that forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary) was cause for much English celebration.(剑5. Test 1 passage 1)
分析：本句的主句为"The fact was cause for much English celebration '： "hat Johnson had taken on die Acadenues of Europe and matched them' 为that 引导的同位语从句，做The fact 的同位语：括号中部分起到解释说明的作用。
10.A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a deader in a situation ill which the subjects niglit feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句主句为^Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey iiistnictions given by a "leader in a situation'': "A few years ago, in one of die most fascinating and distiirbmg experiments m behavioural psychology"为状语；"in which die subjects night feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform'' 为泄语从句，做a situation 的立语，关系词为which,其中"th已y were called upon to perform'* 也为左语从句，做the actions的左语，关系词在该世语从句中做宾语，因此被省掉。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b210215825.html,grain told each volunteeT teacher-subject* that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupifs ability to learn.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2 )
分析：本句的主句为"Milgram told each A-ohmteer 4teacher-subject* that…4that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupiVs ability to leam."为宾语从句，做动词told 的宾语：^whether or not punishuig pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils ability to leanfwhether 引导的宾语从句，做test 的宾语。
1 ? The teacher-subject was told that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and increasing in severity with each successive wrong answer.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句为"The teacher-subject was told that..."; "that whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question, a shock was to be administered, beginning at the lowest level and mcreasing in
severity with each successive wrong answer'that 引导的宾语从句，做tell 的宾语：在该宾语从句中"a shock was to be admmi$tered,5为主句，而"whenever the pupil gave the wrong answer to a question"为whenever引导的时间装语从句，在该宾语从句中做时间状语，"beginning at the lowest le^*el and mcreasing in seventy witli each successn^e wrong answ亡r '为现在分词短语做状语，在该宾语从句中做伴随状语。
https://www.doczj.com/doc/b210215825.html,gram told the teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whatever level of shock was called for, as per the rule governing the experimental situation of the moment.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句的主句为"Milgram told die teacher-subject to ignore the reactions of the pupil, and to administer whate\w er level of shock was called for"; I 匸中"whatever level of shock was called for"为whatever引导的宾语从句，做administer的宾语：as per为介词短语，意为依据，根据："goTeming the experimental situation of the moment"为现在分词短语作上语，做the rule 的定语。
3.As the experiment unfolded, the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions posed by the teacher, thereby bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to the danger level of 300 volts and beyond.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2)
分析：本句主句"the pupil would definitely give the wrong answers to questions"; "As die experiment unfolded"为As引导的时间状语从句，做该主句的时间状语;"posed by the teacher ' 为过去分词短语作立语，做questions 的上语:^bringing on various electrical punishments, even up to die danger le\*el of 300 volts and beyond"为现在分词短语作状语.做主句的伴随状语。
4.In these situations, Milgram calmly explained that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupil*s cries for mercy and carry on the experiment.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2 )
分析：本句的主句为％ilgram calmly explained that..."; "that the teacher-subject was to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on the expenment"为that 引导的宾语从句，做explain 的宾语：在该宾语从句中"to ignore the pupils cries for mercy and carry on the expenment'、为不定式做表语。
5.If the subject was still reluctant to proceed. Milgram said that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed through to the end?(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析：本句的主句为"Milgram said that …'If the subject was still reluctant to proceed''为If 引导的条件状语从句："that it was important for the sake of die experiment that the procedure be followed through to die end."为that引导的宾语从句，做said的宾语；在该宾语从句"that it was important for the sake of the experiment that the procedure be followed tlirougli to die end." 中，it 为形式主语，4 that the procedure be followed tlirougli to tlie encT为that 引导的主语从句，是该宾语从句真正的主语。
6.What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects who would be willing to administer the highest levels of shock, even in the face of strong personal and moral revulsion against the rules and conditions of the experiment.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2 )
分析：本句的主句为"What Milgram was trying to discover was the number of teacher-subjects^; 7.Prior to carrying out the experiment. Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in an ordinary population who would be willing to administer the highest shock level of 450 volts.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析：本句的主句为“Milgram explained his idea to a group of 39 psychiatrists and asked them to predict the average percentage of people in aii ordinary population "; "Prior to carrying out die experiment"为时间状语，prior to 相当于before; "who would be willing to adnimister the highest shock letel of 450 volts."为宦语从句，做an ordinary population 的龙语，关系词为who。 8.The overwhelming consensus was that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refuse to obey the experimenter.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2 ) 分析：本句主句为Tlie overwhelming consensus was that …"；"that virtually all the teacher-subjects would refiise to obey the expenmenter"为表语从句，做was 的表语。 9.The psychiatrists felt that 'most subjects would go beyond 150 volts' and tliey farther anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2 ) 分析：本句为并列句JThe psychiatrists felt that4most subjects would go beyond 150 volts" 和"they fiirther anticipated that only four percent would go up to 300 volts"并列，由and 连接：〕￡中"that4most subjects would go beyond 150 volts小为that 引导的宾语从句，做felt 的宾语，而"that only four percent would go up to 300 volts"也为that 引导的宾语从句，做anticipated 的宾语。 10.How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between what calm, rational knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of their study and what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 'teachers' actually do in the laboratory of real life?(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析：本句主句为"How can we possibly account for this vast discrepancy between.. .and..."; \vhat calm, rational, knowledgeable people predict in the comfort of tlieir study" *11 "what pressured, flustered, but cooperative 11.One's first inclination might be to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by administering the electrical shock.(剑5, Test 1 passage 2) 分析：本句的主句为"One's first inclination miglit be to…"；"to argue that there must be some sort of built-in animal aggression instinct that was activated by the experiment, and that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by adinmistering the electrical shock."为不左式做表语，做be 的表语：在此表语中"that there must be some sort of built-m animal aggression instinct"和"that Milgram's teacher-subjects were just following a genetic need to discharge this pent-up primal urge onto the pupil by adinmistering the electrical shock"并列,皆为that 引导的宾语从句，做argue 的宾语："that was activated by the experiment^为立语从句，做instinct 的定语，关系词为that a 1.As audiences grew, so did the places where films were shown, fuiisliing up witli the 4 great picture palaces' of the 1920s, which rivaled、and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour.(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析：本句的主句为倒装句"so did the places： "As audiences grew"为as引导的时间状语从句：“where films were shown"为左语从句，做places 的泄语，关系词为where; ^finishing up with die "great picture palaces' of the 1920s"为现在分词短语做伴随状语；"which rivaled, and occasionally superseded, theatres and opera-houses in terms of opulence and splendour「'为JEB艮制性定语从句，关系词为Which。 2.It was above all the French, followed by the Americans, who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention, helping to start cinema in China. Japan, Latin America and Russia?(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析：本句的主句为"It was above all the French"; ^followed by the Ameiicans：为过去分词短语做立语：4 who were the most passionate exporters of the new invention"为非限制性总语从句，做French 的怎语，关系词为who: "helping to start cinema in China, Japan, Latin America and Russia"为现在分词短语做怎语。 3.In terms of artistic development it was again the French and the Americans who took the lead. though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part? (剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析：本句主句为强调句式F was again the French and the Americans who took the lead'*; "though in the years before the First World War, Italy, Denmark and Russia also played a part' 为though引导的让步状语从句。 4.The rest of the world survived partly by learning from Hollywood and partly because audiences continued to exist for a product which corresponded to needs which Hollywood could not supply.(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析:本句的主句为"The rest of die world survived"; "because audiences contmued to exist for a producf'为because引导的原因状语从句；"which corresponded to needs "为肚语从句，做product 的定语，关系词为which; 4 which Hollywood could not supply"为左语从句，做needs 的定语,关系词为which o 5.As well as popular audiences, there were also increasing audiences for films which were artistically more adventurous or which dealt with the issues in the outer world?(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析：本句的主句为"there were also mcreasing audiences for films’： "which were artistically more adventurous"和'*hich dealt with the issues in the outer world"为并列句，由or 连接，都为定语从句做films的定语，关系词都为which. 6.They turned their back on the past, leaving the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres who fled westwards to escape the Revolution.(剑4, General Training Test A section 3) 分析：本句中八They turned their back on the past"为主句："having the style of the pre-war Russian cinema to the emigres '为现在分词短语做状语："who fled westwards to escape the Revolution 「为泄语从句，做the emigres的定语，关系词为who。 7.Taree offers the \Ztennary Assistant program and has introduced 'Agristudy', which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence? using a mixture of student learning guides, telephone tuorials, information sessions and workshops?(剑4, General Training Test B section2) 分析：本句主句为€fc Taree offers the Veterinary Assistant program and has introduced ’Agnstudy", "which enables students to learn flexibly and by correspondence, using a mixture of student learning guides, telephone tiiorials, mfbrination sessions and woricsliops"为;Ei耳从句, 做‘Agnstudy‘的定语，关系词为which。 8.For his astonishing achievements he was awarded the Nobel Prize and it is from his work tliat most of today's knowledge of what bees say to each other derrves.(剑4, General Training Test B section3) 分析：本句为并列句，"For his astonishing achievements lie was awarded the Nobel Prize'5 和"it is &oin his work that most of today's knowledge of what bees say to each other derives"并列，由and 连接，并且"it is &oin his work that most of today's knowledge of wliat bees say to each other derives"为 强调句式:4 what bees say to each other'5为what引导的宾语从句,做of的宾语。 9.Von Frisch knew from experiments by an earlier researcher that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup?(佥ij 4, General Training Test B section3) 分析：本句白勺主句为"Vbn Frisch knew &om experiments by an earlier researcher "that if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find it but, once they had done so, within the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly takmg the syrup" 为that 引导的宾语从句,做knew 的宾语：句子"ifhe put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees niiglit at first take some time to find it"和句子"once they had done so, witliin the hour, hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking die syrup"并列，由but 连接：句子"if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup, bees might at first take some time to find 1 广中白勺"if he put out a bowl of sweet sugar syrup"为if 引导的条件状语从句：句子八once they had done so, witliiii die hour、hundreds of other bees would be eagerly taking the syrup"中的"once they had done so"为once 引导的时间状语从句。 10.In the first type, a returning scout scampered in circle, alternating to right and left, stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to the excited bees chasing after her.(佥ij 4, General Training Test B section3) 分析：本句主句为"a returning scout scampered in circle"; "alternating to right and leff'和"stopping occasionally to regurgitate food samples to die excited bees chasing after her'J匀为现在分词短语做伴随状语，引导词省略：“closing after为现在分词短语做左语，做bees的左语。 11.In the third? distinctly different dance, she started by running a short distance in a straight line, waggling her body from side to side, and returning in a semi-circle to the starting point before repeating the process?(剑4. General Training Test B section3) 分析：本句白勺主句为"sh已started by running a short distance in a straiglit lme"; ^waggling her body from side to side"和"retuniing in a semi-circle to the starting point'll:列，都为现在分词短语做伴随状语；.‘before repeating the process"为before引导的现在分词短语做时间状语。 1.The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way, is not a new one?(剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析:本句的主句为"The problem is not a new one"how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so tliat tliey are distributed m die most just and efficient way"为how 弓 | 导的宾语从句，做of 的宾语；"so that they are distributed in the most just and efficient way"为so that引导的目的状语从句。 2.What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources.(剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析：本句的主句为4What is new is that…"；"that, from the 1950s onwards、there hate been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources/' 为that 引导的表语从句："regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the conuminity of those resources" 为现在分词短语做定语。 3.Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite?(剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析：本句车交长，主句为"there emerged an awareness in Western soci亡ties'、："that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible'，和"that die capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite"为and 连接的并列从句，都是that引导的同位语从句，做awareness的同位语。 4.Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the 'invisible hand' of economic progress would provide.(剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析：本句为分号连接的两个分句，第一个分句较长，其主句为“it now seems quite incredible that...in principle"其中it 为形式主语,that 引导主语从句:"that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World WaT为定语从句,作national health system的左语，关系词为that；在that引导的主语从句中，"that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in prmciple"为that 引导的主语从句，it 做形式主语。第二个分句为简单句。 5.Althougli the language of 'nghts' sometimes leads to confiision, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care( though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). (剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析：本句的主句为“it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care ",英中it 为形式主语that people have a right to health-care"为that 引导的主语从句：'Although the language of bights' sometimes leads to confusion''为although 弓I 导的让步状语：括号部分为附加/补充的信息，为though引导的让步状语从句，在此从句中，^that there is a formal right to health-care"7j that 引导的同位语从句，做idea 的同位语。 6.11 is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse?(剑4, test4 passage 3) 分析：本句中"that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse"为that 引导的主语从句，it 做形式主语：和"that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse"为that 引导的宾语从句，做ensure的宾语。 7.Jusi at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state.(剑4, test4 passage 3 ) 分析：本句主句为"people were demaiidmg that their fimdamental riglit to healtli-care be satisfied by the state/"7iist at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them、为时间状语，北中“when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands bemg made upon them '为龙语从句，做the time 的左语，关系词为when： "that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by die state'、为that引导的宾语从句，做demand的宾语。 8.The second set of more specific changes that liave led to the present concern about the distribution
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