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初中英语完形解题技巧

初中英语完形解题技巧
初中英语完形解题技巧

初中英语完形填空解题技巧

完形填空一直是考试中学生失分较多的题型,是对学生综合知识掌握情况的检测,主要测试学生在具体语言环境中对文章的篇章结构、中心思想、推理判断、词语辨析、习惯用法、固定搭配等方面的能力要求,及对所学英语的综合运用能力、快速阅读理解能力及逻辑推理判断能力等的考察。

完形填空设空以实词为主、虚词为辅,单词为主、短语为辅。动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等实词通常要占全部小题数的80%以上,而介词、连词、冠词等虚词则相对考得较少。

首先明确解题的步骤:

一:解题步骤

?跳读全文,掌握大意。(首句和尾句)

?瞻前顾后,灵活答题。(运用各种策略)

?复读全文,核实答案。A:词汇、语法、惯用法是否合理?

B:句型结构是否完整,搭配是否有误?

C:句子是否流畅?

D:上下行文、前后逻辑关系是否一致?

F:全文是否紧凑,中心突出,浑然一体?

二:解题策略(5个方面着手)

1:词义辨析

例如:When theteacher came intotheclassroom,our monitor spoke ina loud ____,“Standup!”

A.soundB. cry C.voice D.shout

此题中四个词都为声音的意思但具体的用法不一样,此处就指的是一个声音,泛指声音所以选A

… Manypeople think that more time is spent,morework willbe done.Sostudent shave to__36__thewhole day doinghomework except duringthethreemeals. …

()36.A. buyB.get C. spendD.take

2:各种词语搭配(形容词与名词搭配;副词与动词搭配;介词短语搭配;动词短语搭配;固定短语等)。注意:要区别外形相近而意义不同的搭配。如:lookfor,lookover,look out,look after, look up等

:因词组而构成的常见的句式:It feels+形容词+不定式。要区别形不相似而意义相近的搭配。如:I paid12 poundsfor the dictionary.The book cost mea lot. It took three men to liftthe box.句中都有“付出、花费、需要”的意思。译成汉语时似乎相通。但更要注意它们之间的搭配变化;要注意单个词组的多义性。如:take off有“脱下(衣服),(飞机)起飞,匆匆离开,取下,休假等多种含意。

1)Here’s afellowwho justwalkedinto abank and helpedhimself_____so much money.

A.for

B. by C.to D. of

表示“自取,随便拿”这个意义的短语是help oneself to…故答案为C

2)And video cameras can be used to_____people’sactions at home.

A. keep B. makeC. record D. watch

句中动作的发出者是video cameras因此答案是C,意思是“记录”。

3.语法判定(考察语法知识点)

(1)要注意出现频率较高的词类题,依次为动词、介词、代词、连词、形容词、副词。

选择各类词时,要注意以下几个方面:?a.名词的选择,应联系文章主题及空格前后出现的有关词,注意其性和数的一致。

b.动词的选用,要注意词义和惯用搭配,还要区分近义词之间的用法差异及所给词的形式。?c.选择介词,应注意其惯用法,特别是与动词或其他词组成的固定搭配。

d.选择代词,要注意性、数、格是否准确。

e.选择连词,要注意分析前后句或上下文的逻辑关系。

f.选择形容词和副词,要注意词义的区别,用于比较时,还要注意词形变化。?(2)要注意句法题,搞清句子的种类、类型、省略和倒装

a.句子的种类包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。一般以考查疑问句、感叹句的词序为多见,其次是祈使句的零时态等。

b.句子的类型有简单句、并列句、复合句和并列复合句。中考考查要点是在复合句里的状语从句、宾语从句和直接/间接引语,也考查简单的定语从句。?

c.句子的省略与倒装很少考查,却要看懂,不能引起对文章的曲解。

(3)在语法适用方面,可以用择优法和排除法

a.择优法是把各选项代入短文中,选出在词义上符合要求,且在语法上又没有语病的答案。

b.排除法是在代入选项时如发现选项单词意义不对,或词与词搭配不妥,或存在语法错误,或与上下文有矛盾,则迅速排除不合适的选项,剩下的就是正确答案。

4.上下文逻辑关系

一般的解题过程是:?(1).通读全文,掌握大意。结合选项初步弄清短文写了些什么内容。

(2).瞻前顾后,分析先行。在理解全文意思的基础上,结合文章内容对空缺句子作合乎逻辑的推理。必须弄清空缺词句的确切含义,空缺词句与其前后句的意义衔接必须自然、合理,不可出现意义断层或说东道西的情况,必须从空缺句的内部结构入手,从语法、词语固定搭配、词形变化等角度考虑,务必使所填的单词准确无误。

提示作用的词或句。这些词有时可能是同义词或反义词。

例如:1) Someparts of the waterarevery shallow.But in someplacesitis very ___

A. deep

B. high C.cold D. dangerous

根据转折连词but的提示,所填入的词应与shallow相反,因此答案为A。

2)Mrs O’Neill asked_____questions and she didn’t scold us either.

A.no B.certain C. many D. more

and是一个并列连词;either为副词,用在否定句或否定词后加强语势,由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词,因此答案是A。

3)Ithasbeen many yearssince I was last in London____ I stillremembersomething thathappened duringthat visit.

A.and B. forC.but D. as

根据句前的many years和句后的still remember答案应选表示转折的连词but.?(3).反复推敲,攻克难关。如果做不出来的话,可能要改变一下思路。如实词多与文章的内容直接相关,虚词多与文章的连贯性或句子结构直接相关,如果从内容上实在看不出要填哪个单词的话,应考虑是否需要填介词、连词等。?eg: 1.......Li Bin is______ atChinese. But he isn’t good at Engli sh......

A.well B. fine C. nice D.good

2. ......Idon’t like tomatoes,buthe ___①___.He doesn’tlikesalad,__②___ Ido. My father___③____ broccoli,but my___④___ doesn’t......

①A. do B.does C.likeD.likes

②A. but B. and C. or D.for

③A.likes B.have C. like D.does

④ A. friendl B. sister C.mother D.uncle

4:文化背景以及生活常识(历史、地理、社会习俗、民族风情等)

(Immediately)the officers jumpedintotheircars andrushed tothe_____hospital.

A.animal

B.biggest

C.plant D. nearest

在这样的紧急情况下,人们的第一个反应是到最近的医院就医,因此答案为D。

5:验证答案,修正错误,着重注意这几点:

文章是否顺畅;所填单词是否是最佳单词;所填单词是否有拼写错误。

1.所选的单词或短语是否符合本句内容,是否使上下文连贯和谐,是否与全文意思一致。充分利用文章的上下文和前后句,找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。这些词有可能是同义词或反义词。

(1) Many old peopledon’t have good ____.Theycan’t watch TV, but they can list

en tomusic or news over theradio.

A.hearing B. health C. eyesight D.time

(2) Some parts of thewater are very shallow.Butin someplaces it is very,

very______.

.A. deep B. high C. cold D.dangerous

2.所选的单词或短语是否符合某种固定搭配。包括动词与介词的搭配、动词与名词的搭配以及形容

词与名词的搭配等,同时要根据内容选择正确的短语。

Washington was named___ George Washington, the first presidentof the United States.

A. by B.forC. as D. after

(3).所选的单词或短语是否符合某种句型、时态、语态的特殊要求。

(4).所选词本身或附近词有无特殊要求,如有些动词后面只接动名词而不能接不定式等。

三:解题误区

做完形填空时,除了依据所学语言知识和解题技巧外,还应避免几个误区。

1、单纯求快,忽略语篇理解,只看局部的词义辨析、搭配和语法结构,试图用语言知识解决所有问题。很多考生一拿到完形填空题就急于选择答案,不认真分析通篇文章。表面上解题速度挺快,但是这种见树不见林的做法只会影响解题的质量的效率。

2、时间安排不当,在几个选项上过分纠缠,追求完美,导致许多本可以做出的题来不及做。正确的做法是由易到难,先做会做的,再考虑不太明白的。

四:复习建议

1:熟悉语法,培养“完整的句子意识”。

2. 坚持在阅读的基础上锻炼语篇意识和把握整体文段的能力。

3.关注生活,注意中西文化的差异。

4.科学选材,有效训练。体裁多样,题材丰富,语言生动地道,具有一定的教育性和趣味性。篇幅长度适中,布空合理,各考点均衡分布。

课堂练习:

(1)利用上下文语境选择。

leaf then large learn ones grow

thick has mean firsteasy begin

Everybody lovesoranges. They are sweet and juicy.They’re in sections,so it is______to eatthem. Some oranges donothave any seeds. Somehave a ______ skin, and some havea thin skin.…

(2) 根据文化背景和常识选择。

leaf then large learn ones grow

thick hasmean first easy begin

InEnglish, orange______botha fruit and acolor. We use the nameof the fruit for thecolor.

(3)单词辨义和固定搭配。

…It costs £3.70foradults,£2for children and __43__ for over sixtiesandschoolgroups.…

()43.A. little B.few C. less D.fewer

(4) 句子结构和逻辑推理。

…Scientists also 48that loud, fast music makes peopleeat faster. In fact,people 49 their food faster when the music getsfaster.Someresta urants play fast musicduring their50 hours.Thisgets people to eat faster and leave quickly. Restaurants 51make spend even less.

( )48. A. think B. hope C. realize D. believe

( )49.A.cook?B.order?C. eat D.make

( )50. A.free B.busy?C. happy D.sad

( )51.A.can? B. should?C. can’t ?D.needn’t

(5)根据句子所缺成分选择。

play activity favorite also and stop

life example happen but newmake

…For example,learningcan__59____ when you go to a museum. It can ___60.___hap pen when you geta job.Youlearn when you __61.____ a sport or when you t ake a trip. …

(6)根据上下文语境

(07河北卷)Howcan you think inEnglish?I think the bestwayis to practice as whata footballplayerdoes every day. During the___46___thefootball player willpass the balltohis teammates over andover again. So he won’thave to __47___passing the ball in the game, he willjust do it. …

( )46. A. practiceB.break C.game D.day

()47. A. waitfor B.thinkabout C. look at D. giveup

(7)根据文化背景和常识

(08武汉卷)…I dug a deep hole next to the rock and Idug a small incline(斜坡)up to the rock andtherock 63 down intothe holeby itself.…( )63. A. lay B. dropped C.walked D. ran

(8)根据单词词义和固定搭配

08无锡卷)…Butthat winter the cold weather killed allthe worms becausehehad not 38 them in awarmplace. …

( )38. A. caught B.found C.hiddenD. put

(9)根据句子结构和逻辑推理

_47youare inagroupofsix or more people, we48giveyoua special guidedtourof the centre. Butyou49to arrange(安排)this attheinformation desk when you 50 . …

()47.A.When B. If C. Because D.Until

()48.A. can B. must C. should D. have to

()49.A.decide B. like C. hope D.need

( )50.A.returnB.arrive C. leave D.travel

(10)根据上下文语境

(08无锡卷)… He bought moreworms, which hetookgood care of.When wintercame,hetook them inside40 theywould staywarm.Many people bought his worms.…

( )40. A.before B. untilC. though D. so

(11)根据文化背景和常识

(07广西南宁卷)The studentshad a look at their workbooksand their __35__turnedredat once.

( )35. A.faces B. noses C. necks D. hands

(12)根据词义与固定搭配

(08沈阳卷)… I’mbecoming more and more interested__25__ physics,andhave decidedthat I wantto __26__ it at university. I’m going totry togo to__27__Montreal orOttawaUniversity,as both __28__ supposed to have good PhysicsDepartments.…

( )25. A.in B. with C.at D. from

()26.A. make B.discover C. study D. keep

( )27. A. neitherB. either C. both D. only

()28.A.haveB.hasC.are D. is

(13)根据句子逻辑

(08安徽卷)… Whydo people shake hands__54__shaking feet? This is because of thefact thatalongtime ago mostpeople__55__ knivesorguns.If some of them decided thatthey didnot want to __56__, they wouldshow their emp ty hands.__57__people shook hands so that they could not __58__ knives in their sleeves(袖子). Later on, hand-shaking became a symbol of __59__. …

()54. A. such as B. as well as C.instead of D. together with

( )55.A.lost B. bought C. caught D. carried ( )56. A.cheatB.fightC.drop D. speak

( )57. A. Perhaps B. HappilyC.Carefully D.Luckily()58.A. hide B.lift C. pull D.push

()59. A. successB. victory C. pride D. peace

【例题解析】

1.完形填空:阅读下面短文,选出最佳答案:

“Ring… ring…” the telephonesuddenlyrang. Sam got up to 1thecall. It was his aunt.“Sam, 2 are you still at home?” she asked surprisingly. Sam 1ooked at theclock. Itwas already7:30a.m. “Oh,my goodness! There’s an important 3today,” Samshouted out.

He hurried to wash his face and get 4 . Whenhe wasgoing to leave the house, he5that he hadnot putaway hisbooks.He ranquickly to

the 6 and put them intothebag.He thenwent to the bus stoptogo to school as 7as hecould.When he got into the classroom, hisclassmates were 8 writing.“Whyareyouso 9 ?” asked theteacher .“I’msorry,sir,” Sam answered,afraidoflooking10 . “Itwas my clock..It 11 to wake meup this morningand ....” “Don't sayanything about it,” his teacher 12him.“Don’t t ry to come latenext time!” Sam said yesand walkedto his13quickly. But when he triedto do thepaper, he could not 14 in a rightway. He put his head

onthe desk and said, “Whata 15day it has beenfor me!”

1. A.find B. give C. put D. answer

2. A. why B.how C. whenD.where

3. A. talk B.party C.exam D. meeting

4. A.tired B.lost C.dressed D. rested

5. A. forgotB.remembered C. understood D. thought

6. A. classroom B. deskC.bus D.door

7. A.carefully B.quietly C. early D.f ast

8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. caref ul

9. A.1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready

10. A. down B. up C. out D.back

11. A.happened B. stopped C. failed D.poin ted

12.A. helped B. knew C.followed D.stopped

13. A.room B.table C. seat D. teach er

14. A. think B. sit C.turn D. speak

15. A.shortB. bad C.happy D. u sual

分析:

这是一篇关于一个学生考试迟到的事。短文一开始就是电话铃声,Sam应该起来接电话,所以第l空中应选D,这四个动词中只有answer能表示“接电话”这个含义。

第2空中要选择一个副词,句中已含有still at home等状语,故不能选择when,where,how表示方式,如用在本句中则句意不通,所以选A。

第3空,从后文知,Sam是到学校去,故应选C。对于学生来说,exam是学生最可能要做的事,并且后文说到其他学生在writing。第4空,get dressed意为“穿衣服”,要注意这个短语的完整性。

第5空,从前一句中的动词leave以及后文中的一系列动作可知,本空中应填remembered才符合逻辑,其他词不能使文章通顺。

第6空要注意分析备选项的意义;从后文he had notputaway his books可知选B最合适,因书应该是放在课桌上。第7空中应填fast,因Sam 要迟到了。

第8空中要注意在形容词后接writing,故选busy。

第9空,从上文知,Sam已经迟到了,故老师应问他迟到的原因,选A。

第10空表明Sam的态度,他害怕抬头看老师,故选up。

第11空,Sam所陈述的理由是闹钟未响,故填failed。

第12空,从上文Sam的话没说完知道这时老师打断了他的话,故选stopped。

第13空,Sam 在教室里走去的当然是seat。

第14空,本空说明Sam思维混乱,不能思考,选A。

第15空,综合上文可知Sam 感到这一天太糟糕,故选B 。

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