考研英语阅读理解长难句中词义的正确选择.txt人生在世，难敌宿命，沉沦其中。我不爱风尘，似被前缘误！！我只为我最爱的人流泪“我会学着放弃你，是因为我太爱你”赢了你,我可以放弃整个世界本节中出现的例句多已在前面的章节中分析过，故在此不再赘述，仅从词义选择的角度作一解析。
【真题例句】The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century. (2001阅读1) 【词义选择】make entrance to原义为“进入”，本句根据下文professional geological journals转译为“在……上发表文章”。
【参考译文】总体结果是，业余人员在专业地质学刊物上发表论文更难了，这种结果又由于审稿的广泛引入而变得更糟——19世纪由国家级杂志评审， 20世纪由一些地方地质学杂志评审。
【真题例句】That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled.(2001阅读2)
【词义选择】句子中lying down原义是“躺下”，但是根据其后的并列结构becoming fooled(被愚弄)，我们将该动词翻译为“屈从”。
【参考译文】但这并不意味着屈服和被人愚弄，或者是让外国企业自由发展。
【真题例句】Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events.(2001阅读3) 【词义选择】句子中plug原义是“插入”，但是对应的宾语部分是each day’s events into a set of standard templates(……每天发生的事情到一种模式)，因此，该动词翻译为“纳入”，该结构翻译为“把每天发生的事件纳入这种模式”。
【参考译文】多数新闻记者都学着用一套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发生的事件纳入这种模式。
【真题例句】Include a few casual and apparently off the cuff remarks which you can deliver in a relaxed and unforced manner.(2002阅读1)
【词义选择】句子中deliver原义是“运送”，但是对应的宾语名词是off the cuff remarks(即兴的话)，因此，该动词翻译为“表达，表述”。
【参考译文】(练习幽默)包括一些很随意的、看上去是即兴的话，你也可以用很轻松的、自然的方式把它们表达出来。
【真题例句】The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP.(2002阅读3) 【词义选择】bill本义表示“账单”，本句中根据前面的定语import(进口)，我们选其词义“支出”。介词this指代前文的一整句内容if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year，由于前后文联系紧密，我们可直译为“这”。
【参考译文】国际经合组织在最近一期的《经济展望》中估计，如果油价以均价每桶22美元的水平维持一年，与1998年的13美元一桶相比，这也只会使富裕经济体石油进口支出的增长额占到国民生产总值的0.25到0.5个百分点。
【真题例句】For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animals—no meat, no fur, no medicines.(2003阅读2)
【词义选择】句子中staff原义是名词，译为“员工”，但是句子中该词前面是名词 a grandmotherly woman(一位老妇人)，后面是名词an animal rights booth(动物权利宣传亭)，因此，判断该词是动词，翻译为“搭起，摆”; distribute原义是“分配”，但是对应的宾语名词是a brochure(小册子)，因此，该动词翻译为“散发”。brochure后的定语从句that encouraged readers not to use anything…中，关系代词指代brochure在从句中作主语。句末为修饰anything的定语从句that comes from or is tested in animals，关系代词that 指代anything在从句中作主语。
【参考译文】例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老妇人搭起动物权利宣传亭，在前面散发小册子，鼓励读者不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类、毛皮、药物。
【真题例句】To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.(2003阅读2)
【词义选择】句子中produce原义是“生产”，但是对应的结构是animal research was needed to produce these treatment，宾语为treatment(治疗)，因此，该动词翻译为“获得”，该结构翻译为“获得这些治疗方法”。
【参考译文】对那些不明白获得新的治疗方法和疫苗都必须进行动物实验的人来说，动物实验说得好听一点是浪费，说得不好听就是残忍。
【真题例句】Supporters of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service.(2003阅读3) 【词义选择】句子中allow原义是“让，允许”，但是对应的结构是allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service(大幅成本降低以及更好的协调服务)，因此，该动词翻译为“将带来”。
【参考译文】支持超级铁路集团的人辩称，兼并将带来成本的大幅降低，能够更好地协调服务。
【真题例句】Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases.(2003阅读3)
【词义选择】句子中captive 原义为“俘虏的”，在这里我们联系shippers(客户)将其翻译为“受牵制的”;hit原义是“碰撞，打”，但是其后的宾语 a round of huge rate increases(新一轮的大幅涨价)，因此，该动词翻译为“遭遇，遭受”。
【参考译文】许多受牵制的客户还担心他们即将遭遇新一轮的大幅涨价。
【真题例句】Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet.(2004阅读1)
【词义选择】句子中stumble across原义是“绊倒”，本句中其宾语是CareerBuilder，又根据上文语境“hunting for a job”(找工作)，因此，该动词翻译为“偶然碰到”。
【参考译文】去年年底，甘特·雷德曼律师找工作时，偶然碰到一家名为“职业生涯规划者”的求职网站。
【真题例句】When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet. (2004阅读3)
【词义选择】句子中bite原义是“咬”，本句中表现为固定搭配 biting her nails，翻译为“束手无策”。
【参考译文】当提到经济发展缓慢时，艾林·斯佩罗还不至于束手无策。
【真题例句】A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.(2004阅读4)
【词义选择】关系代词they根据就近指代上文our schools，在翻译时我们译出表示强调;counterbalance本义表示“平衡力”，本句根据否定结构anything…but…，将其译为“制衡，抗衡”。
【参考译文】《一百年来教育改革的失败》探究了学校中反学识倾向的根源，得出结论，认为学校根本没能抗衡美国人对学识追求的厌恶。
如何克服高考英语阅读理解中的长难句障碍-A 高考英语阅读理解题所选短文均选自英语原版文章，原汁原昧”，考生普遍感觉较难理解。那么，这些阅读材料到底难在哪儿呢除了生词量大、篇幅长、信息量大以外．就是短文中的句子结构较为复杂，搀杂了大量的长、难句。句法掌握不好的考生很难理清头绪，影响其对短文内容的理解。 1 When a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it was n’t unusual to hear a tan say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serous trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa． 2 He found out that Kit Williams had spent his childhood near Ampthill，in Bedfordshire，and thought that he must have tried the hare in a place he knew well，but he still could not see the connection with Katherine of Aragon, until one day he came across two stone crosses in Ampthill Park and learnt that they had been built in her honor in 1773． 一、抓住结构引导词分析其长难句结构和功能 任何一个复杂长句都不外乎由一个或多个并列结构和复合句构成。并列结构一般有连词and，but，or等连接；复合句按其在句中的作用可分为名词性从句、形容词性从句(定语从句)和副词性从句(状语从句)三大类。任何一个复合句都有一个至几个反应逻辑、意义及结构关系的引导词，找出这些引导词就能分析出复合句的完整句子结构，清理出完整意义。平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语。表示目的： 《 so that，for the purpose that，in order that等；表示结果：so…that…，such…that…，as a result，therefore，thus等；表示条件：if，on condition that，unless等；表示原因：because，since，as等。 【例l】Another good thing about the use of noise-killing systems is that it saves the need for a silencer, which not only reduces the weight of a car, but also makes the motor burn less oil and work better．(NMETl995 C篇) 析：这是一个含有that引导的表语从句的复合句。并且表语从句后接了which 引导的非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句内有not only…but also…连接的并列结构。句意：噪音消除系统应用的另一好处就是没有必要使用消声器．这不仅减轻了轿车的重量。而且使发动机耗油更少，运转更好。 【例2】We even have different words for some tools, meat in particular, depending on whether it is still out in the fields or at home ready to be cooked, which shows the fact that the Saxon peasants were doing the farming，while he upper-class Normans were doing most of the eating．(NMET2001D篇) 析：whether…or…表示判断选择的搭配结构，which 引出定语从句，指代前文中的事实，that引出同位语从句，while引出状语从旬，表示对比。句意：我们甚至用不同的词语来表示食物，特别是肉类，取决于它们是否还在田问里，还是即将就厨。这表明撒可逊农民干的是农活而上层的诺曼人干的是吃喝。 【例3】A Swedish Kennel Club official explains what this means: if your dog runs out on the road and gets hit by a passing car，as the owner，you have to pay for any damage done to the car，even if your dog has been killed in the accident．(NMETl997 C篇)
高考英语阅读长难句 1 Researchers analyzing word-of-mouth communication —e-mails, Web posts and reviews, face-to-face conversations — found that it tended to be more positive than negative, but that didn't necessarily mean people preferred positive news 2 Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food. 3.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night. 4 CCM organizes a variety of events, including performances by the well-known LaSalle Quartet, CCM's Philharmonic Orchestra, and various groups of musicians presenting Baroque through modern music. 5 To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. 6 For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 7.But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. 8 The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the “death valley”of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future. 9 The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 10.We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 11 TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children, who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.
III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the cl osest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。 （2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse （配偶） at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes
2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1) 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1)”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯! 2020考研英语:阅读长难句辨析(1) 咱们先来看2020年考研英语阅读Text1中这两句话。 Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that“incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting. 先看第一句，第一句的结构并不复杂，主语是“its lawmakers ——法国的立法者”，谓语是“gave”，宾语是“preliminary approval”，后半句的“a law”之后有一个that引导的从句。其中“ultra-thin”指的是“过度瘦弱的”。整句话的含义是“上周法国的立法者初步通过了一个法条：如果聘用过于瘦弱的模特走T 台的话会触犯法律”。 后面一句话的结构也很清晰，是“主谓宾”结构，其中“the parliament”是主语，“websites”后面有一个that引导的从句，其中“incite”是从句中的谓语，“excessive thinness”是从句中的宾语。同学们在分析这句话时，千万要主要“incite excessive thinness”，这并不是引用的短语，而是“动词+名词”的形式。这句话的含义是“议会还同意禁止那些通过鼓励过度节食来“煽
破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有一些长难句，比较难以理解，对做题会有影响。没关系，看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。 英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 方法1：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者(主语)，我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。如：
People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage 和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 方法2：提主干，去枝叶(从句、状语和定语等) 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings
3月5日 【长难句】 Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World WarⅡto send secret messages. 【句子分析】 1. 句子主干为主系表结构= Native American languages / are/ indeed different. 美洲土著/本土语言非常与众不同. 2. so much so in fact that ….预计很多同学会逐字翻译进行理解，但逐字翻译显然不通，一般这种情况，都考虑为一种类似固定的说法或搭配，翻译理解时不要死盯该部分，只要能区分出该部分是修饰成分，抓住主要意思即可。例如：so much so 所指内容较虚，但in fact 表“事实上”，取该部分的主要意思即可。 so much so in fact that = so much different / in fact/ so that = 如此与众不同/事实上/以至于= 调整汉语的语序表达为：事实上如此与众不同以至于 3.that从句为结果状语从句。 【词的处理】 native adj. 本国的；土著的；天然的；与生俱来的；天赋的 indeed adv. 的确；实在；真正地； military adj. 军事的；军人的；适于战争的 code n. 编码；密码；代码 【参考译文】 Native American languages are indeed different，so much so in fact that Navajo
阅读理解专项突破 III词义猜测 【命题特点】考查根据上下文推测生词和短语的能力,突出考查对语境的分析和把握的能力。【常见考法】 1. The underlined word “…”probably means____. 2. The word “…”used in paragraph “…”refers to/suggests____. 3. The phrase “…”in the sentence can be replaced by ____. 4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…”? 5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…”? 6. By saying “…”, we mean_____. 7. What do you think of the expression “…”stands for? 8. The meaning of word “…”in the passage is related to_____. 一．通过定义或解释推测语义 有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它的定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。这些修饰成分可以帮助我们推断出生词的语义 （1）定义句的谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define（下定义）, represent, signify（表示，表明）, constitute（指。。）等。（2）解释则常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is（to say）, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面的信息加以重复或解释。 （3）有时作者会用复述的形式来解释语义，而复述部分可以是词、短语或从句。 （4）还有下一些标点符号，如冒号、破折号、括号等都表示后文要继续解释说明前文。eg. 1. The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid, that is, it could not be tasted, seen, or smelled. (无法察觉的，感觉不到的) 2. The Greek marriage was monogamous-----men and women were allowed only one spouse（配偶）at a time. （一夫一妻制） Exercises: 1. Pantomime refers to a short play in which no words are spoken. ____默剧，哑剧_______ 2. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. _____人类学______ 3. We will meet you in the foyer, the entrance hall of the theatre. ____门厅_______ 4. He began to shave his whiskers, which had grown thick on both cheeks（脸颊）. ___胡须______ 5. Some computer scientists are developing artificial-intelligence machines that they say will think like people. ____人工智能_______ Test 1 There is no cure（治愈）for Alzheimer’s. But a drug called ARICEPT has been used by millions of people to help their symptoms（症状）. 61. What is ARICEPT？（C） A. A medicine to cure Alzheimer’s B. A medicine to delay signs of aging. C. A medicine to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer’s. D. A medicine to cure brain damage. Test 2 Here is The Pines, whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou, wild boar and reindeer with surprising sauces. （1）According to the passage, The Pines is a ______. （D） A. place in which you can see many mobile homes B. mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C. town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D. restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
考研英语历年真题阅读长难句100句精析 1. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions,for example—and many are required by state or federal regulations,it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. 【译文】尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的——比如对于药物相互作用的危险提出警告——许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而(我们) 并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。 【分析】在这个主从复合句中，it isn't clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured是主句。主句用了一个形式主语it，真正的主语是that引导的从句，而that从句之后是一个if引导的条件从句。从句由两个部分组成，中间用and连接。破折号之间的部分是举例说明warnings的内容。注意：many are required by state or federal regulations中的many是指many warnings。 2. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport . 【译文】由于人口猛增或大量人口流动(现代交通工具使大量人口流动变得相对容易) 所引起的各种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。 【分析】句子主干结构是Additional social stresses may also occur because of...简单句+ because of表示的原因状语，整句翻译应该根据先原因后结果的原则，将主句放在最后；because of后面有两个宾语the population explosion or problems；名词problems带有现在分词短语作后置定语arising from mass migration movements；themselves指前面的名词短语mass migration movements，后面的过去分词短语是themselves的定语。 3. There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers,which helps explain why the “standard templates” of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. 【译文】新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和文化方面的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”似乎与许多读者的意趣相差甚远。 【分析】主句也是一个there加系动词的用法。而表语后都有一个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien to many readers。Alien 本义为异国的，此处是相差甚远，背道而驰。如果考生不了解standard templates的意思，可以从上下文中找其相同作用和功能的词组，如上句中的 a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。 4. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms,of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. 【译文】这种现象引起了人们对小型经济实体、民族商人的作用以及世界经济的最终稳定性的极大关注。 【分析】全句的主干是This phenomenon has created serious concerns。人们的担忧实际包含两个方面(即句子的两个状语)：一个是the role (of smaller economic firms， of national businessmen) ，另一个是the ultimate stability (of the world economy) 。但是由于两个状语太长，建议在翻译时调整一下句子的结构，这样句子肯定更通畅些。
高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技 巧 高考英语考试的关键在与理解，很多学生在长难句理解方面有所欠缺，下面就是给大家带来的高考英语阅读理解长难句的处理技巧，希望大家喜欢！ 一、处理长难句的原则方法 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的单句，可这样处理：跳读修饰成分，迅速找出主谓结构。这样一来，我们便可以将长句化为短句，将难句化为易句。具体步骤是：先跳读修饰成分或附加成分，找出句子的主干并理解其意义；然后再分段理解修饰成分或附加成分。 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的并列句，可这样处理：先找出其中的并列连词，然后再根据并列连词的意思理清句子前后是顺连关系还是反连关系，是因果关系还是转折关系等，最后再根据不同的语境关系正确理解句意。 如果待处理的长难句为一个复杂的主从复合句，可这样处理：先分清主句与从句，然后弄清从句的性质，即弄清它是什么
从句——名词性从句，还是状语从句，或是定语从句。注意，弄清从句性质对于理解复合句的意思至关重要。 另外，有一点要提醒同学们，在处理长难句时，如果既能正确理解句意，又能将其准确地译成中文，那是最好了。但是，对于有些长难句，要在较短时间内（如在参加考试时）将其译成中文比较困难，此时只要能正确理解其意思就行了，如果硬要勉为其难地译成中文，不仅会浪费时间，而且在许多情况也没有必要。 二、经典高考真题实例分析 下面这篇*共有194个单词，却只有9个句子，平均每个句子大约有22个单词，是近几年高考英语阅读理解中一篇比较典型的集中含有长难句的*。*内容如下： Tristan da Cunha, a 38-square-mile island, is the farthest inhabited island in the world, according to the Guinness Book of Records. It is 1,510 miles southwest of its nearest neighbor St. Helena, and 1,950 miles west of Africa. Discovered by the Portuguese admiral(葡萄牙海军上将) of the same name in 1506, and settled in 1810, the island belongs to Great Britain and has a population of a few hundred. Coming in a close second——and often wrongly mentioned as the most distant island——is Easter Island, which lies 1,260 miles
最新高考英语阅读理解专题指导－猜测词义题在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。 常见的题干有： 1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？ 2) The word... could best be replaced by. 3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). 4) According to the passage,... probably means. 5) The author uses the word... to mean. 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索： 一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。 1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, i.g. 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify 等。
考研英语阅读真题经典长难句必背 阅读命题常针对长难句。所以很有必要熟悉长难句的种类以及它们各自的重点。今天先介绍长难句的把握方法，再给出一些典型的句子，建议熟读甚至背诵，以做到考试时碰到类似句子就能抓住重点。 一、长难句一般应对策略 1.从句又多又长：一个主句带多个从句，从句中又含有从句 应对方法：先抓主干，找出复杂句中最核心的主谓宾，再层层展开 2.句子中带有长长的插入成分：用插入语来交代某句话是谁说的或者是说话人的身份，或解释、说明前面的内容 应对方法：理解句子主干时，先不理会插入语，等把主句的意思看完整，然后再看插入成分 3. 分词短语、独立主格结构的干扰 应对方法：主句最重要的特征就是有完整的主谓结构，尤其是独立的谓语部分。一个看似句子的结构，如果没有独立的谓语部分，它就不是句子，而是分词短语、独立主格结构等，可以先跳过不看 4. 三种情况的混合 应对方法：从前向后，抓住独立的谓语部分，从而区分出主句和分词状语，再根据主句与从句之间的连接词，区分出主句和从句，层层扩展理解，插入语在哪个层次，就放在哪个层次理解 二、特殊句型 对于特殊句型，如虚拟语气，可以将其理解成一种反事实假设，也就是作者的观点和态度与之相反。对于分隔结构而言，其主干一般在破折号、逗号和定语从句之外，阅读时可以先跳过修饰成分。对于关联结构，要学会寻找第二部分，因为第二部分有时是句子的重点。如在not…but…之中，重点在but…之后。 三、具体句子 1、复合句 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded
破解高考英语阅读理解长难句的方法 高考英语阅读理解的文章大都选自英语原版材料，文中含有一些长难句，比较难以理解，对做题会有影响。没关系，看看突破高考英语阅读长难句的5大招，再瞅瞅历年高考长难句精析，10分钟就能教你搞定高考英语中的那些长难句。 英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。下面我们来谈谈几种英语阅读长难句的处理方法。 方法1：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如： People feared that weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory would encourage illegal hunting and hurt elephant populations. 【句意】二十一年来，象牙交易一直被明令禁止，人们担心削弱这一禁令会助长非法捕猎，导致大象数量减少。 【分析】that引导宾语从句，从句中谓语动词是encourage和hurt，根据逻辑意义，可知encourage和hurt 的主语是动名词短语weakening a 21-year-old ban on the sale of ivory。 方法2：提主干，去枝叶（从句、状语和定语等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句、状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： Economists from the University of Sussex analysed findings from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, a 15-year research project charting the fortunes of a group of thousands of teenagers who attended high schools in the US in the mid-1990s. 【句意】来自萨塞克斯大学的经济学家们分析了国家青少年健康纵向研究的研究结果，这项研究是一个历时15年的课题，它记录了数千名在美国20世纪90年代中期上中学的一组青少年的财产情况。 【分析】句子主干为Economists analysed findings。from the University of Sussex 作economists 的定语；from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health 作findings的定语；a