编号GSWHYYBX2---Unit1--001
文华高中高一英语必修2 Unit 1 Cultural relics 导学案
Period 1 Warming up and reading
班级___________ 姓名__________ 组别_____________
Learning aims (学习目标)
1.能记住下列单词的意思（8）
cultural, relic, ivory, dragon, amber, the Baltic Sea, mystery, rebuild
2. 能够听、说、读、写下列单词和短语，并记住中文意思（14）
rare, valuable, vase, dynasty, amaze, amazing, honey, style, jewel, artist, troop, reception, wooden, former
3.能够听、说、读、写并会运用下列词汇、短语：（13）
survive, in search of, select, design, fancy, decorate, belong to, in return, at war, remove, less than, doubt, worth Important points（学习重点）能够熟练掌握并运用下列重点词汇和短语
survive, in search of, select, design, fancy, decorate, belong to, in return, at war, remove, less than, doubt, worth Difficult points（学习难点）下列单词和短语的区别
1.less than, more than, no more than, no less than
2. return, turn; remove, move; wood, wooden
3. worth, worthy, worthwhile
4. belong, belonging, belongings
Learning guide（方法导引）spelling，reading and writing.
Learning procedures:（学习过程）
【词汇自主学习】
Task 1 写出下列单词的中文词义（C级词汇了解）
1.culture n. ___________ cultural adj. __________
2. relic__________
3. ivory ________
4. dragon _________ dragonfly _________
5. amber __________
6. mystery n. ___________
7. mysterious adj. _________ mysticism n. _________
8. rebuild ________ building ______ Task 2 单词互译及词形变化（B级词汇听、说、读、写掌握）
9. rare adj. ___________ adv. ___________10. valuable adj. ____________ n. ___________ 11. vase___________ 12. dynasty _________ 13. amaze __________ amazing______________ 14. honey _________ honeymoon_________ 15. style ___________ 16. jewel ______________ 17. art ___________ artist_______________ 18. 军队__________ 19. 招待会____________ 20.木制的_________ 木头____________21. 从前的_______________________________ Task 3：单词,短语互译(A级词汇重点掌握)
22.幸存者_______________23. 幸免___________ 24. 寻找____________________________ 25. 挑选v. ___________ n. _____________ 26. 设计__________ 27. 想象____________ 28. 装修n. __________ v. ___________ 29. 属于____________ 30.作为报答____________ 31. 处于交战状态______________ 32. 搬开________________33. 少于_______________ 34. 多于_________35. 怀疑________(反义词)_________36. 价值________ / __________ 【重点词汇及短语突破】合作探究Task 4
1.IN SEARCH OF THE AMBER ROOM 寻找琥珀屋(P 1 )
in search of寻找search …… (for……)搜……(找……) search for 寻找……(1)They are ______________ something to eat. 他们正在找吃的东西.
(2)He went into the kitchen______________ a drink. 他进了厨房, 想找点喝的.
(3)The parents __________ the whole village for their lost daughter. 父母搜遍了整个村子寻找失踪的女儿.
(4)The police are __________ the missing papers. 警察正在搜寻那些失踪的文件.
(5)Many young people left their hometown for big cities ________ better jobs.
A. in favour of
B. in search of
C. in charge of
D. in honor of
2. The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown color like honey.
选出来的琥珀色彩艳丽, 呈现蜂蜜一样的黄褐色. (P1 )
select sb. to do sth.选择某人做某事select…as/to be挑选,作为…select …from…从…中挑选…
(6)They ______ him ____ make a speech at the opening ceremony. 他们选他在开幕式上致辞.
(7)He was __________ the representative of the district.他被选为那个地区的代表.
(8)She __________ her favorite book her collections and read to her children.
她从藏书中选了她最喜欢的那本念给她的孩子们听.
(9)While making friends, we should take care to ________ those who have more fine qualities.
交友时, 我们应注意挑选那些有根多优秀品质的人.
(10)I ________ English _______ my major because it’s where my personal interest lies.
我选英语作为专业, 因为它是我的个人兴趣所在.
(11)It took her two hours to ________ a dress that suited her.她花了两个小时才挑选了一件适合她的连衣裙.
(12)Talented in skiing, he has hopes of being ________ for the national team.
A. elected
B. offered
C. hired
D. selected
3. The design of the room was in the fancy style popular in those days.
琥珀屋的设计采用了当时流行的建筑式样. (P1 )
by design故意地in design在设计或构思上 a design for…的设计/图案
(13)Did you do this by ________ ( on purpose) or by accident你这么做是故意的还是偶然的?
(14)These two clothes are different in_________.这两件衣服样式各异.
(15)She drew a beautiful ________ for dress.她绘制了一幅漂亮的连衣裙设计图.
be designed to do…目的是做…be designed for 专门为……而设计
designer n. 设计者, 设计师of the latest design最新设计的, 最新式的
(16)The experiment is ______________ test the new car. 试验的目的是测试一下新汽车.
(17)The film is ___________________ the children. 这部电影是专门为儿童拍摄的.
(18)Deng Xiaoping was the general __________ of Chinese reform and opening-up.
邓小平是中国改革开放的总设计师.
(19)We have several models of ____________ for you to choose from.
我们有几款最新的设计, 你可以从中选择.
4. fancy adj. 精致的, 奇特的, 异样的, 花哨的
fancy vt. 想象, 设想, 爱好fancy that…以为… fancy doing sth.想要做某事, 真想不到…fancy sb. ( to be )…认为某人(是) …fancy sb. as…认为某人是…
(20)Don’t ____________ you can succeed without hard work. 别以为不努力你就能成功.
(21) ______________ so many old friends here ! 真想不到在这里遇到这么多老朋友!
(22)Do you ______________ out this evening? 今晚你想不想出去?
(23)We ________ Liu Xiang _______ an excellent athlete. 我们认为刘翔是位优秀的运动员.
(24)There are too ____________ for me. I prefer the plain ones.
A. ordinary
B. fancy
C. imaginary
D. common
5. It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. (P1)它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品,一批国家最优秀的艺术家用
了大约十年的时间才把它完成.
decorate vt. 装修,装饰decorate … with…用…装饰
(25)We __________ the room with flowers and balloons to celebrate the New Years.
为了庆祝新年, 我们用花和气球装饰了房间.
(26)During the festival, all the streets___________ colorful flags, flowers and balloons.
节日期间,所有的街道都装饰着彩旗、鲜花和气球.
(27)The curtains do not match with the __________. 窗帘与室内装饰不相配.
(28)All the streets in Moscow were ________ with flags to welcome the president.
A. furnished
B. supplied
C. decorated
D. declined
6. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William I, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. (P1)
然而,下一位普鲁士国王, 腓特烈.威廉一世, 这个琥珀屋的主人却决定不要它了.
belong vi.属于, 为…的一员, 后常接介词to. belonging n. 归属感belongings n. 所有物, 财产
(29) Do you ____________ the tennis club? 你是网球俱乐部的吗?
(30) Success____________ those who prepared well. 成功属于那些准备充分的人.
(31)When I am with you, I feel a strong sense of __________.
当我和你在一起的时候, 我感到一种强烈的归属感.
(32)The taxi driver often reminds passengers to take their _________ when they leave the car.
这个出租车司机常在乘客们下车时提醒他们带好自己的物品.
(33)---- Whose suitcase is it?
---- I have no idea, but I’m pretty sure it _________ the old lady.
A. doesn’t belong to
B. belongs to
C. isn’t belonging to
D. belonged to
7. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. (P2 )
作为回赠, 沙皇则送给他一对自己最好的士兵.
in return作为报答, 回报(其后可接for, 表示—作为对…的报答或回报)
(34)If you are honest to others, they will be honest to you ____________.
如果你对别人出诚实, 别人也会以诚实来回报你.
(35)We should always express thanks to our parents ____________ for their love and upbringing.
我们应该常常向我们的父母表达感谢, 以报答他们的爱和养育之恩.
in return 作为回报或报答, 强调—回谢, 回应
in turn反过来, 依次, 轮流(=by turns), 强调又(对别人) 做同样的事或顺序.
(36)He was always ready to help others, and ____________, he was liked by everyone.
他总是乐于助人, 作为回报, 大家都喜欢他.
(37)Theory is based on practice and ___________ serves practice.
理论基于实践, 反过来, 理论也服务于实践.
(38)The students clean the classroom every day ___________. 学生们每天轮流打扫教室.
(39)---- Are you free after school?
---- Sorry, I’ve planned to treat a friend of mine to dinner ________ for his help.
A. in addition
B. in turn
C. in return
D. in total
8. This was a time when the two countries were at war. ( P 2 ) 这是在两国交战的时期.
this was a time when …这是一个…的时期, this也可用it来代替,
类似句型: where was a time when …曾有一段时间, 曾经一度
(40)This/It was a time _______ there were still slaves in the USA. 这一时期, 美国还有奴隶.
(41)There/ It was a time _________ I was addicted to playing computer games.
曾有一段时间我沉溺于玩电脑游戏.
(42) 上学时曾有一段时间我有些考试不及格.
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ I failed in some of the exams at school.
(43) 这是一个我们应该尽我们所能学好英语的时期.
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ we should try our best to learn English well.
at war 在交战中, 在争吵, 不和(at + n. 表示某种正在持续的状态或活动)
(44)The two nations have been ______ with each other for 5 years. 这两个国家已经打了5年仗了.
(45)The two sisters are often ____________ with each other. 这姐妹俩经常争吵.
at peace 在和平时期at work 在工作at table 在吃饭
at school 在上学at rest 在休息at play 在玩耍, 在嬉戏
(46)If only the world were __________. 要是全世界都和睦相处就好了.
(47)I can get some housework done while the kids are _______. 孩子们上学时, 我才能做些家务.
(48)The two countries have been at _____ war for five years, and there is still no ____ sign of end.
A. a; a
B. the; the
C. /;/
D. /;a
9. Before the Nazis could get to the summer palace, the Russians were able to remove some furniture and small art objects from the Amber Room. (P2)
在纳粹分子到达夏宫之前, 俄罗斯人只能把琥珀屋里的一些家具和小件艺术饰品搬走.
remove vt. 移动, 搬开; 脱去(衣服, 鞋帽等), 摘下(眼镜) ;
去除, 去掉(污渍,不愉快等); 开除,免除(职务等)
(49)The students ________ several desks to another classroom.
学生们把几张书桌搬到了另外一间教室.
(50)I didn’t recognize her until she ____________ her sunglasses. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她来.
(51)She ____________ mud from her shoes. 她擦掉了鞋上的泥.
(52)The corrupt official____________ from office. 那个贪官被免职了.
remove强调移动后的—去除, 作—移动, 搬开讲时,同move
move强调—位置的改变, 还指—前进,搬家, 是感动等.
(53)That chair is in the way; _____________it please. 那把椅子挡着路, 请把它移开.
(54)God ____________ by the spirit of Yu Gong who ____________ mountains.
神仙被移山的愚公的精神感动了.
(55)Realizing her mom must be very tired after a day’s work, the girl helps ______ ______ ______
______ ______ ( 从…取下包) her shoulder.
10.In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. (P2)
在不到两天的时间里, 10万个部件被装进了27个木箱.
less than少于, 其后常接数词, 其反义短语是more than 多于more than多于,超过no more than 仅仅(强调少) not more than=at (the) most 不多于, 不超过, 至多no less than=as much as多达not less than=at least不少于, 至少
(56)It took me _________ an hour to finish the work. 完成那项工作花了我不到一个小时的时间.
(57)It’s not far from here, so we can get there in ____________ five minutes.
那儿离这儿不远, 因此我们用不了5分钟就可到达.
(58)I have known David for _________ 20 years. 我和戴维认识已经有20多年了.(强调时间久)
(59)Each class has ____________ 8 students. 每个班级仅有8名学生. (强调人数少)
(60)Start the article with a short sentence, _______ 8 words. 文章开头用短句, 不要超过8个单词.
(61)He has ____________ 1 million dollars. 他的钱多达100万美元.
(62)He has ____________ 1,000 dollars. 他至少有1000美元.
(63)Because of the human beings’destructive influence, the number of this precious species has
promptly dropped to ______ ______ ______ ( 不足100 )
11.wooden adj. 木制的, 木头似的, 呆板的wood n. 木头, 与木头有关的woods 树林(64)If you cannot find _______ boxes, you may use either plastic or iron ones.
如果你找不到木盒子, 你可以用塑料的或者铁的.
(65)The actor playing the father was too __________. 饰演父亲的演员太呆板.
(66)All the furniture here was made of ________. 这里所有的家具都是木制的.
(67)Look! There is a troop of monkeys in the ________. 瞧! 树林中有一群猴子.
golden 金质的, 金色的gold 金子woolen 羊毛制的, 羊毛的
wool 羊毛silken 丝制的, 丝绸一样的衣服silk 丝绸,丝织物
(68) My furniture is in good condition and it is made of good ______.
(69) This _______ chair is made of oak (橡木).
12.There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Konigsberg, which was at
that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. (P2) 毫无疑问, 这些箱子后来都被装上火车运往格地斯堡----当时的德国在波罗的海海边的一个城市.
there is no doubt t hat …毫无疑问, 其后所接的从句是同位语从句.
(70)There is___________ nearsightedness is a serious problem among the youth of our country.
毫无疑问, 近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题.
there is some doubt whether…是否….值得怀疑
have (no) doubt of / about…对…有(没有)怀疑without / no doubt无疑地,确实地
(71)There is __________________he will come in time. 他是否会及时来到值得怀疑.
(72) I have___________________ your ability. 我对你的能力毫不怀疑.
(73)---- Will he come here to attend the meeting tomorrow? 他明天来这儿开会吗?
---- _______________. 毫无疑问.
13.Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in
Beijing ? ( P2 )重建如琥珀屋或者北京圆明园这样的无法恢复的文化遗迹值得吗?
worth adj. 值得的, 相当于……的价值, 有…价值, 值……钱n. 价值, 作用
(74)The plan is well _________ a try. 这个计划很值得一试.
(75)The book is excellent. It’s _________ reading a second time. 这本书很棒, 值得再读一遍.
(76)Our house is _________ about ＄100,000 . 我们的房子大约10万港币.
(77)Your effort is _________ it. 你的付出是值得的.
(78)The big fire caused thousands of dollars’ _________ of damage. 这次大火造成了价值数千美元的损失.
worth只做表语, 不可用very来修饰, 可用well来修饰, 其后常接n. / pron. / v.-ing 从句worthy可作表语和定语,可用very来修饰,后常接of + n. / pron. / being done 或to be done worthwhile可作表语和定语, 可用very来修饰, 其后常接to do 或doing
(79)The computer is not _________ what you paid. 这台电脑不值你付的那些钱.
(80)This is a _________ English-Chinese dictionary. 这是一本有价值的英汉词典.
(81)This is behavior _________ of praise. 这是值得称赞的行为.
(82)This suggestion is _________ of being considered (=is worthy to be considered).
这个建议值得考虑.
(83)That’s _________. 那是值得的.
(84)They achieved a very _________ result. 他们取得了很有价值的成果.
(85)It is _________ to ask him to join the club. 邀请他加入俱乐部是值得的.
= It is worthwhile asking him to join the club.
(86)Although we take exercise for an hour every day, it is well _______ it.
(87)This article is well _________ reading, but it is not __________ of being translated.
14. Is it enough to have survived for a long time? (P1 )它能留存足够久的时间吗?
survive vi. 幸存，生还; vt. 从…中逃生, 经历…后继续存在n. 幸存者survivor
(88) The custom has ___________ for thousands of years.
(89) Only two people _____________ the fire.
(90) Two-thirds of the people ______________the earthquake.
【合作探究】Task 5 重点句型突破
1.Frederick William I , the King of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift
to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. (P 1) 普鲁士国王腓特烈威廉一世绝不可能想到他送给俄罗斯人民的厚礼会有这样一段令人惊讶的历史。
could never have done“不可能做过”，属于情态动词的推测用法，表示不相信或怀疑。could have done（过去）可能做了/ 本来可以做（但未做）
couldn’t have done(=could never have done)不可能做过某事
may/might have done可能做了某事must have done一定做了某事（对过去的肯定推测）needn’t have done本不必做某事（而实际上做了）
should have done本该做某事（而实际上未做shouldn’t have done本不该做某事（而实际上做了
(1) You ____________ the exam, but you were too careless. 你本来能通过考试的，但是你太粗心了。
(2) I ____________________ that bitter period without your generous help.
若不是你慷慨相助，我就不可能度过那段苦日子。
(3) He ______________________ that he would pass the exam.他从没想到自己会通过考试。2．It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make. (P1)它也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品,一批国家最优秀的艺术家用了大约十年的时间才把它完成.
“decorated with gold and jewels”在句中是属于过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。“过去分词+介词+其他”结构叫做过去分词短语，它常放在被修饰词之后，表示动作的被动和完成。过去分词短语还可作状语，表示原因，方式，条件，时间，伴随，让步等。
(4) Most of the people __________ to the party were his old schoolmates.
应邀参加晚会的人到多数是他的老校友。
(5) I borrowed a book __________ by Mark Twain from the library. 我从图书馆借了一本马克吐温写的书。
(6)（原因状语）________ by the teacher , the girl began to cry.因为被老师责怪，女孩哭了起来。
(7)（条件状语）_________ in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长的很快。
(8)（时间状语）__________ from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful.
从小山的山顶上看时，这座城市看上去更美丽。
(9)You cannot accept an opinion ________ to you unless it is based on facts.
A. offering
B. to offer
C. having offered
D. offered
2.After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery. ( P2 )
那以后, 琥珀屋的去向便成了一个谜.
本句中what引导的从句是主句从句, 其中what在从句中做主语; remain是连系动词, 意为“仍然是, 保持”. What引导的名词性从句, 本身做连接代词, 意为“什么”, 有时有“疑问”之意, 它可以引导主语从句﹑宾语从句和表语从句, 但不能引导同位语从句.
(10) But ________ interests me most is literary books, especially those by famous writers.
(主语从句)但是,最令我感兴趣的是文学书籍, 尤其是那些著名作家写的书.
(11)In 1492, Columbus reached _________ is now America.
(宾语从句) 1492年哥伦布到达了现在叫做美洲大陆的地方.
(12) A modern city has been set up in __________ was a wasteland ten years ago.
(宾语从句) 一座现代化城市在10年前的荒地上拔地而起.
(13) It was ________ he meant rather than what he said.(表语从句) 这是他的原意而不是原话. what 意为“什么”, 可引导主语从句﹑宾语从句和表语从句, 且在从句中充当一个句子成份. that无实义, 也不充当任何句子成分, 可引导主语从句﹑宾语从句(that可省略)﹑表语从句和同位语从句.
(14) ___________ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A. That
B. What
C. Who
D. Which
4. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. (P5) 举例来说, 中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的人口都多, 这是可以得到证实的.
it作形式主语的主语从句, 为了保持句子平衡, 防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首, 而将真正的主语后置.此时主语从句的引导词可以是that, when, where, how, whether等.
(15) ______ has been that taking exercise regularly does good to one’s health now.
现已证明定期锻炼有益于健康.
(16) ______ is still a question whether she will come or not. 她来还是不来仍然是一个问题.
(17) It’s good to know _______ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.
A. what
B. whose
C. which
D. that
4.Nor do I think they should give it to any government. (P7) 我也认为他们不应该把它交给任何政府。
否定副词引起的部分倒装：当否定副词位于句首时，主句用部分倒装，把谓语的相应助动词提到主语的前面，谓语动词放在主语的后面，且必要时做相应变化。
(18) She has no experience in tying, _________ does the skill interest her.
她没有打字经验，这种技能也引不起她的兴趣。
(19) __________ has he played computer games ever since he entered senior high school.
自从上了高中以后，他很少玩电脑游戏。
(20) ___________ have I seen him. 我从来没有见过他。
“not短语+助动词+主语+谓语”，如not until结构，“no only+ 状语”等。
“no短语+助动词+主语+谓语”，如by no means，in no case，at no time等。
(21) ___________ the teacher came in did the students stop talking. 知道老师进来，学生们才停止说话。
(22) ___________ should you give up.你绝不能放弃。
(23) At no time _________the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.
A. they actually broke
B. do they actually break
C. did they actually break
D. they had actually broken
【自主探究】Task 6
1. Though he is a murderer, he should receive a fair _______.
A. experiment
B. trial
C. doubt
D. test
2. As is known to all, the financial crisis firstly broke out in the United States which _______ the group of developed countries.
A. belonging to
B. was belonging to
C. belongs to
D. is belonged to
3. The little boy was the only one who ______ the earthquake in his village, and the government sent him to a city school after that.
A. experienced
B. escaped
C. survived
D. suffered
4. There’s no doubt ______ international cooperation is the key to ____ with cybercrime.(网络犯罪)
A. whether; doing
B. that; dealing
C. whether; do
D. that; do
5. The employee you had been thinking highly_______ dishonest.
A. of proving
B. of proved
C. of to prove
D. of being proved.
6. The police________ him to see if he had a gun.
A. searched for
B. searched
C. in search of
D. looked for
7. Whether by accident or _______, he arrived too late to help us.
A. purpose
B. aim
C. design
D. chance
8. The countries have been _______ for more than a century.
A. at rest
B. at war
C. at table
D. at school
9. What he did _______ what he said moved us.
A. more than
B. rather than
C. less than
D. no more than
10. There was ______ time ______ I hated to go to school.
A. a; that
B. a; when
C. the; that
D. the; when
11. There were two large buildings,_______ stands nearly a hundred feet high.
A. the larger
B. the larger of them
C. the larger of whom
D. the larger of which
12.______ is known to all that the Amber Room belongs to the Russians.
A. As
B. which
C. It
D. What
13.--- We don’t know who stole the book. What’s you opinion?
---Jack is considered _______ it.
A. having done
B. to have done
C. doing
D. to do
14.He was so nervous during the test. No ______ he didn’t pass the exam.
A. way
B. surprise
C. wonder
D. matter
15.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
16.I don’t like to go to the concert. I have no interest in it; _______, I have lots of work to do.
A. however
B. beside
C. therefore
D. besides
17.Mike ________ his car, for he came to work by bus this morning
A. can have found
B. could have found
C. can’t have found
D. mustn’t have found
18. This book will _______ to the students of English.
A. be of great value
B. be of great valuable
C. be great value
D. be of very value
19. — The English exam is not difficult, is it?
—____. Even Tom ____ to the top students failed in it.
A. Yes; who is belonging
B. No; who is belonged
C. Yes; who belongs
D. No; who is belonging
20. In the 1930s, the two countries were at _____ war, and his father was fighting at _____ front.
A. the; 不填
B. 不填; the
C. the; the
D. 不填; 不填
21.--- She looks very happy. She ____ have passed the exam.
--- I guess so. It’s not difficult after all.
A. should
B. could
C. must
D. might
22. He hasn’t slept at all for three days. _____ he is tired out.
A. There is no point
B. There is no need
C. It is no wonder
D. It is no way
23. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt ____ a cure for AIDS will be found.
A. which
B. what
C. that
D. whether
24. Do you know whom this bird _______?
A. belong to
B. belongs to
C. is belonged to
D. is belonging to
25. --- There were five people in the car but they still took me.
--- It ____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be
B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been
D. couldn’t have been
26. He’s given me so much help that I really want to do something for him _____.
A. in returns
B. by turns
C. in return
D. in answer
学情反馈:
教学反思:
编号：gswhywbx3…oo1 文华高中高一英语必修3 Unit5 Canada－“The True North” Period1 Warming up and Reading 导学案(教师版) 编制人：魏秀冬审核人：编制时间：2014年3月3日 学习目标 1.能记住这些单词的发音和拼写 multicultural, scenery, surround, harbor, Canadian, Vancouver, Toronto, Calgary, Ottawa, beaver, polar, penguin rather than, baggage, scenery, eastward, chat, surround, harbor, measure, aboard, have a gift for, within, manage to do, catch sight of, eagle, acre, urban 2.能说出关于加拿大的一些信息和准确描述文中人物在加拿大旅游的路线以及谈论加拿大和领会文章的主旨。 3.能激发学生了解外国的兴趣和养成学生合作学习的意识。 学习重点难点 1.能说出关于加拿大的一些信息和准确描述文中人物在加拿大旅游的路线以及谈论加拿大和领会文章的主旨。 2能激发学生了解外国的兴趣和养成学生合作学习的意识。 学习方法. 看图法，朗读，精读，快读 学习过程 Warming up: Step1课前预习 Task1读本单元这两部分的单词以及阅读课文把难理解和不会的作上标记，可以请教同学或老师。 Task2根据提供的汉语意思在课文中和查字典找出对应的词汇。 1.测验，问答比赛(n) _______ 2.大臣,部长(n )_______ 首相，丞相(n) _______ 3.文化(n) _________ 文化的(adj)_________ 多种文化的(adj)_________ 4.加拿大(n )_______ 加拿大人(n)_______ 加拿大人的((adj)_______ Step2合作学习(看加拿大的地图和查阅资料,老师展示幻灯片) Task1 Let's have a quiz(做warming up的5个小题on page33) Task2 language points 1.Canada is a multicultural country. 点拨multi- (构词成分) 有很多……的，multicultural adj.多元文化的 翻译：______________________________
黄州西湖中学高二英语学科导学活页案 年级：_______ 班级：______ 学生姓名：________ 时间：___月___日 选修六Unit 3 A healthy life 课型一：阅读课(warming up, pre-reading, reading and comprehending) 课型二：词汇课(Discovering useful words and expressions ) 课型三：语法课(Discovering useful structure) 课型四；语言技能课(Using language) 课型五：写作课(Reading and writing) 课型六：测试课(Testing) 课型一：阅读课 (warming up, pre-reading, reading and comprehending) 一、学习目标 能力目标: 1. 通过讨论明确什么是健康的人及什么是健康的生活。 2. 学习与话题相关的词汇。 语言目标cigarette ; alcohol; abuse ; stress ; obesity ; adolescent ,etc; 二、学习过程 Part 1 Warming up 一、合作探究。 T ask 1 :小组内看图片讨论，哪些图片描述的是healthy activity, 哪些是unhealthy activity。 T ask 2 :讨论问题。 1. What kind of life is healthy life? _______________________________________________ 2. What kind of person is healthy person? _______________________________________________ 二、成果展示。展示Task 2 。 Part 2 Pre-reading 一、合作探究。 T ask 1 :小组内讨论Pre-reading Ex 1 中的问题。 T ask 2 : 阅读Ex 2 的要求。 1. 不细读文章，只看title ； 思考问题：What form is our passage? _________________________________________________ 推测：What may this part tell us? _________________________________________________ 浏览文章，思考： Who wrote this letter? _____________________ Who did he write this letter to? _______________________ What did he want to do? ____________________________ 二、成果展示。展示Task 1 , 2 。 Part 3 Reading 一、自主学习。 T ask 1 : 速读全文，写出文章的outline。 T ask 2 :阅读下面的内容，学习阅读技巧。 阅读技能：区分主次细节。 What are major details? 1)important to the main idea of the reading 2) personally important to you for some special reasons Tips: How to separate major from minor details 1. Find out the main idea of the passage. 2. Look for information that directly supports the main idea. 3. Look for most important words that tell you what the information will be about. 4. Underline the major details as you find them. 5. Read over quickly the words or sentences that do not give information about the main idea. T ask 3 :运用以上技能，完成课文阅读。 1. What is the main idea of the letter? _______________________________________________ 2. List the major details and group them. Give each group a subtitle. Subtitle 1 : _______________________________________________ Detail 1 : _______________________________________________ Detail 2 : _______________________________________________ Detail 3 : _______________________________________________ Detail 4 : _______________________________________________
Period 1 Warming Up，Pre-reading，Reading＆Comprehending 学习目标》1.深入理解课文，掌握课文中基础知识，培养快速阅读、整体理解的能力。2.自主学习，合作探究；学会根据人物心理活动理解课文的方法。3.深刻理解拥有大自然和自由的美好；激情投入，疯狂朗读。 重点：理解人物心理活动。难点：长难句分析。 1.在预习时，要把课文通读两遍，先（第一轮）通读教材，完成表层理解题，（第二轮）再勾画出文中的疑难点。 2.完成时间30分钟。 I 背景展现 This is a true story. It took place in Amsterdam，Holland in the early 1940s after the German Nazis had occupied（占据)most of Europe. The Nazi Party ruled Germany from 1933，。1945. One of their key policies was to kill all the Jews in Europe. If any persons known to be Jews were found，they would be sent to concentration camps（集中营)farther east, mostly in Poland. families were separates and transported in trains For many. days，they went without food，water，sanitation（卫生）or fresh air. To avoid this terrible fate， some Jewish families went into hiding，often with the help of non-Jewish friends. This diary was written during the time when Anne and her family moved to escape from being killed by Nazis. 一、一轮阅读做题目
英语试卷讲评课导学案 ：年级班组英语学科试卷讲评学案 Learning aims : 1. To make clear all the puzzles in the paper and learn to use them freely. 2. To correct the mistakes and solve problems by self-study and cooperation. 3. To learn from your mistakes and others; improve yourself all the time. .课前自主学习，自查与纠错 对照答案，针对自己的错题，找出错误的原因，整理每道题目考察的知识点。 21-25. B D B A A 26-30.D C D D B 31-35.A B B D D 21题 a与the 的用法区别 a表示 the表示 不定冠词和序数词连用，表达的含义是 22题 while作为连词时的用法总结 23题“how do you find”表达的意思是 24题 amazing指，amazed指 news He is at the amazing news. 25题.Contain指 Include 指 常用两种表达方式：including sth/ sb= sb’sth included There are 40 students in the classroom, me There are 40 students in the classroom, me . 26题选择which的原因是 27题本题是一个被动句，可以先还原成主动句 其中to为，类似的结构还有 28题有关句 正要做…这时(发生另一事) 正在…这时(发生另一事) 刚做完…这时(发生另一事) 30题 with pleasure与my pleasure 的区别是 with pleasure my pleasure 31题 could have done 的表达的意义是 must have done表达的意义是 32题 think ...of remind... of let... done wake... up 33题 suggest用法特点
知识链接单元总览 重点单词n.dynasty,design,vase,style,jewel,troop,reception,trial,doubt,castle,painting,eviden ce,debate v.amaze,survive,select,decorate,remove,dout,explode,sink,prove,pretend adj.valuable,rare,amazing,fancy,wooden,local,informal adv.apart Prep.worth 学生姓名王子宇年级高一学科英语教师姓 名朱志娟 备课时间：2014年11月08日上课时间：2014年11月10日 课题： 课时计划：第（ 1 ）课时共（ 3 ）课 时 学习目标 知识与技能 1.通过课文的学习，明确“文化遗产”的范畴，并掌握与 之相关的重点单词和短语； 2.初步掌握限制性与非限制性定语从句的用法 方法与过程激发引导讲练结合疑难质疑互动交流 情感态度与价值 观 1. 了解琥珀屋的历史以及其他世界文化遗产； 2. 尊重和热爱文化遗产，明白它们存在的历史和现实意 义，增强文化遗产的保护意识和民族自豪感。 学习难点常用单词的辨析和短语运用 学习重点限制性与非限制性定语从句的常用实例练习
重点短语In search of 寻找 at war 在交战think highly of赞扬Belong to 属于less than 少于 In return 作为回报take apart 拆开 词语辨析1.select/choose/elect/pick 2.country/nation/state/land 3.former/previous 4.argue/quarrel/debate/discuss/reason 5. apart from/except for/except 词形变化1.value n. valuable adj. valueless adj. 2.survive v. survival n. survivor n. 3.decorate v. decorative adj. decoration n. 重要1.It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewel,which took the country’s best artists about ten years to make.(他也是用金银珠宝装饰起来的珍品，一批国家的优秀艺术家花了大约十年的时间才把它完成。) https://www.doczj.com/doc/b44799062.html,ter,Catherine had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Peterburg where she spent her summers.(后来，叶卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣
人教版精品英语资料（精校版） 第三单元阅读学案 姓名：班级：组号： 【学习目标】 1.To learn some useful new words and phrases; 2.To understand this paragraph and get some reading skills. 【课前预复习】 请同学们将预习中未能解决的问题和有疑惑的问题写下来，等待课堂上与教师和同学探究解决。 Ⅰ、知识达标 （1）翻译下列单词和短语 1.This famous film was (导演) by Zhang Yimou. 2.I’ve been f to have so many good teachers. 3.The project has been set up to help the (无家可归的)people. 4Tom was too brave and (克服)a lot of difficulties last month. 5.Although he failed in the examination again , he knew the success came after many______(失败). 6.We can’t go abroad this year , we’ll have to c ourselves with a holiday in Beijing. 7.We were a that she appeared at the party . 8.Zhao Benshan is an actor whose h is known to us all. 9.That book was writte n by the o writer , which you should read. 10.I just wanted to e her but it seemed that I made her cry worse. （2）翻译下列句子 1．As Victor Hugo once said, "Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face", and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin. 2. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives. 3. You may find it astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. 令人感到震惊的是，当查理会说话和走路的时候就被教唱歌和跳舞。 it在句中作_____ _____，____ ______才是真正的宾语。It本身无意义。 4. Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off(现在分词短语作结果状语) 5. By his teens, Charlie had, through his humour, become one of the most popular child actors in England. He could mime and act the fool doing ordinary everyday tasks. 6. As time went by, he began making films. He grew more and more popular as his charming character, the little tramp, became known throughout the world. 7. This character was a social failure but was loved for his optimism and determination to overcome all difficulties.
2020年新人教版高中英语必修一导学案全套 Welcome Unit Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking 导学案 【学习目标】 1．学会本节单词、短语。 2．掌握本节句型表达与运用。 【学习重难点】 掌握本节句型表达与运用。 【学习过程】 一、词汇学习 1. get to know 逐渐了解 2. exchange n.交换；交流vt.交换；交流；交易；兑换 3. lecture n.讲座；讲课；教训vi.（开）讲座；交易；兑换 4. registration n. 讲座；注册；挂号 5. sex n.性别 6. nationality n. 国籍；民族 7. anxious adj. 焦虑的；不安的 8. annoyed adj.恼怒的；生气的 9. frightened adj.惊吓的，害怕的 10. senior adj.级别（或地位）高的n.较年长的人 11. outgoing adj.爱交际的；外向的 12. impression n.印象；感想 13. awkward adj. 令人尴尬的；难对付的 14. junior adj.地位（或职位、级别）低下的n.职位较低者；（体育运动中）青少年 15. explore vt.&vi. 探索，勘探 16. confident adj.自信的；有把握的
17. designer n. 设计师；构思者 二、知识运用 1. exchange 词性：________ 意思：__________ 词性：________ 意思：__________ 短语搭配： in exchange (for......)作为（与.......的）交换 exchange A for B 以A交换B；把A兑换成B exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交流/交换某物 exchange opinion/ideas/views 交流意见/想法/看法 练习：The School of Life has a large number of professional staff who are willing to meet up with you for an hour of chat in exchange ______ a small fee. 2. designer (1)词性：_________ 意思：________ (2)词性：_________ 意思：________ 短语搭配：make designs for.....为......做设计 by design(=on purpose)故意地 design sth. for.......为......设计某物 be designer to do.......旨在做.......，用于做........ 练习：Lucy was born on January 30th, 1998, when her sister got married to a fashion_____(design). 3. anxious 词性：__________ 意思：________ 短语搭配：be anxious for sb./about sth. 为某人/某事担心/担忧 be anxious for......渴望........ be anxious (for sth.) to do sth. 渴望（某人）做某事 be anxious that.......渴望（从句谓语用“should + 动词原形”，should 可以省略） 练习：She lost her job last month. Therefore, she is anxious_______ (find) a new job.
高一英语学案 Units 9-10 (B1) 【知识网络】 一、重点词汇与短语 1．add用法小结： （1）的基本意思是“增加、添加，加上”，一般作及物动词，后接名词、数词等作宾语。 例如： Add more hot water to the soup – it is too salty. 在汤里多加点热水–太咸了。 Add a few more names of laborers to the list. 名单上再加上几个工人的名字。 （2）表示“加；加起来”的意思。 例如： If you add 4 to 3，you get 7. 四加三得七。 Add up these figures, please. 请把这些数字加起来。 （3）表示“补充说；又说”。 例如： I should add that we are very pleased. 我要补充的是我们非常高兴。 I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充说一下,我们对测试结果表示满意。 （4）常用短语： ●add something to something: add fuel to the fire: 火上浇油 ●add up/together: 加算；合计He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up/together all the weights. 他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。 T he various facts in their report just don't add up. 他们报告中的各方面材料根本串不起来。 ●add to: 增加 Our coming added to your trouble. 我们的到来给你们增加了麻烦。 ●add up to：总计达到…，总和为…，总数达…： His debts added up to 40,000 dollars. 他的债务总计达到40，000美圆。 2．remind用法小结：remind作为及物动词，常与of, to infinitive, that连用，意思是“使想起；使记起；提醒”。 例如： Remind me to write to Mother. (后接somebody to do something ) 提醒我给妈妈写信。 This reminds me of last year. (后接somebody + of + something) 这使我想起去年的事。
导学案在初中英语阅读课中的实践 发表时间：2018-03-15T10:21:53.327Z 来源：《中学课程辅导●教学研究》2017年11月上作者：谢艳辉 [导读] 本文将结合笔者自身的做法，就导学案在农村初中英语教学中的实践谈谈自己的看法。 摘要：导学案模式倡导以教师指导为主导，以学生的学为主体，培养学生的自主学习能力，符合农村学生学情。本文将结合笔者自身的做法，就导学案在农村初中英语教学中的实践谈谈自己的看法。 关键词：导学案；英语阅读；实践 一、农村英语课堂中实施导学案的背景 1.学生学情。笔者在教学中发现农村初中生的英语水平参差不齐，有一部分学生在课堂中犹如隐形人一般，上完课之后完全不知道教师所讲授的内容是什么，从而对英语学习失去了兴趣；还有一部分学生英语成绩十分不稳定，他们没有很好的学习方法，对于单词、语法以及课文只能靠死记硬背，对于课前预习和课后复习，他们也常常感到无从下手。 2.《英语课程标准》的要求。《英语课程标准》指出，在课程实施过程中要倡导学生主动参与，乐于探究，培养学生分析解决问题的能力以及交流与合作的能力。因此，在新的教育教学形势下，课改的重点就是要改变以教师单向灌输、学生被动接受的传统教学模式，倡导以学生为本，突出学生的“学”，培养学生的自主学习和合作探究能力的新型课堂教学模式。 二、导学案课堂教学模式对教师的要求 1.集体备课，精心设计导学案。导学案课堂模式要求教师在教学中要把重点放在导学案的编写上。这就要求教师要认真研读课程标准，仔细研究教材文本，认真分析学生的学情，才能设计出符合学生能力水平的导学案。我校英语组在导学案的编写做法如下：开学初教研组分配任务，由各年级组推选出一名骨干教师，给同年级组教师分配任务。每个教师在自己的课题集体备课后，根据相关要求，在相应的时间内编写导学案，而后发到各自年级组内进行修改定案。 2.教师在编写导学案时要注意导学案的有层次性，要把握设计的量与度。一方面，基于学生学习程度的差异性，教师在导学案的编写中所设置的目标和任务要有一定的层次性，使不同层次的学生在各自的学习发展区域内都能够得到有效练习。另一方面，教师在设计导学案的过程中要注意量与度。有的导学案以单纯的练习题形式出现，使得学生完成导学案的过程就是完成一张练习的过程，这完全违反了导学案存在的初衷。 三、导学案在初中英语课堂教学中的实践 导学案的框架大致可以分为四个部分：学习目标，自主预习，合作探究和达标检测。教师根据课程标准、教材内容以及学生的特点来设计符合学生学情的学习目标，再根据目标来设计学生的学习任务。根据本校的教学改革，笔者以阅读课为例谈谈自身的一些做法。 1.课前预习(包括学习目标，预习内容) (1)学习目标。学习目标的设定比较简单，不宜太多，一般在2-3个左右。但是在设置目标的时候要注意:设置的目标要简洁明了，让所有的学生都能够明白要干什么，可操作型要强。 (2)预习内容。新标准英语教材中每个模块都有一个阅读单元，文本涉及的范围很广，有介绍人物，科学天文，动物保护，小说等等。因此，有些学生对于一些文本就会感到犯难，完全看不懂，这是他们经常有的想法。因而，对于课文背景知识的了解是十分重要的。例如新标准英语八上M5 Unit2 It describes the changes in Chinese society 中提到的茶馆这本书，就需要学生去搜集关于作者老舍以及他的作品，还有北京茶馆的一些信息。因此，笔者在导学案中设置了三个问题：“What do you know about Lao She?”, “What are his most famous books and plays?”“What do you know about Beijing Teahouse?”。考虑到他们的英语水平有限，在回答这三个问题时，有些同学可以用中文。除了预习背景知识之外，笔者也设置了关于文章中出现的重点词汇，短语以及一些句型，为理解文章扫除一定的障碍。 2.课中学习(包括阅读理解和语言知识探讨) (1)阅读理解的设计主要包含两个部分：泛读和精读。泛读对学生的要求只是大致的了解文章的意思，不用执着每个字里行间。因而在这一块内容的设计上主要是了解文章大意或者段落大意，有时候根据文本内容进行图片和文字的匹配。例如新标准英语八下M4 Unit2 Healthy living中标题已经很清晰地告诉我们文章主要讲什么，那我们就不需要去问学生段落大意。笔者在这个环节中采取了人物与任务1中的图片匹配的方式。在完成对文章的大致了解之后，一般就是进入精读，即深层次阅读。在这个环节中，笔者一般设计Wh-开头的问题来提问学生，让学生对文本中的一些特定的信息由更深层次的理解。 (2)语言知识探讨。虽然在预习环节已经让学生处理了一点短语和句子，并且教师在阅读理解环节也会引导学生解决一些难点词句，但是任然有一些词句会成为学生的拦路虎。因而，笔者常常会设置一些情境让学生去感知一些重难点词和短语。对于一些难点句子，笔者会呈现多个例句，让学生去比较概括，而后设置一些题目让学生去思考练习。 3.当堂检测 当堂检测的内容一般根据学习目标要求，改编自课文内容，来检测学生是否掌握重难点知识。例如新标准英语八上M4中阅读课中，涉及到许多形容词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法，因此笔者设计了以下题目： (1)The more information, the_________.(good) (2)Taking a plane is the fastest and the___________.(expensive) (3)Taking a coach will not cost as_________(much)as going by train. 4.课后延伸 课后延伸是对学生能力训练一种好的方式，但是由于学生水平不一致，所以不管是课内知识拓展还是课后作业延伸任务设置时，都需要对任务分层次，以满足不同层次学生的需要。 四、反思 通过对导学案的利用，学生感受到了学习更加有目的性和方向性。他们在课堂中不再茫然不知所措，了解一堂课的学习目标是什么，整体课的步伐是怎么样的，极大地提高了教学的效率。此外，导学案的任务都是有层次性的，不同层次的学生的学习需要都能够得到满
姓名: _ __ _ 班级: 主备人：刘南审核: 刘晓华学案序号: _____ 课题内容Book 1 Module4 Revision of the language points 学习目标1、通过复习掌握高考中的重点单词，短语及句式结构。 2、实现知识的复现，培养学生归纳总结及独立分析问题的能力。 使用要求1、书写要认真规范；2、教师讲解时，务必用另一颜色的笔修正答案。 复习篇 【学法指导】请同学们根据课文及单词表完成习题。 Fill in the blanks with proper words. 1.___________ adv.很;相当 2.______________ vt.打扰 3._____________ vt.停车 4.___________ vt. 买的起 5.______________ vt.雇佣 6._____________ vi 死里逃生;幸存 7. _______________ 上升8.______________许多;大量9._____________ 摆脱 预习篇 Part1. Keywords and phrases 1._____________ adj.有生气的 2._____________vi.听起来 3.______________ vt.接近 4._____________ adj. 幸运的 5._____________修建 Part2. Sentences 1.自从我们上次见面以来已经6年了。 ______________________________________________________________________ 2.这是我第一次参观你的家乡。 解析篇 【学法指导】请同学们根据课文及笔记翻译句子并完成相应的习题。 ①lively(adj.)_______________ 1.中国是一个生机勃勃的国家.____________________________________________________________________________ 2.我们班主任是一名既美丽又充满活力的女士. _____________________________________________________________ (思考题) What other adjectives ending with –ly can you think of? (其它的以- ly结尾的形容词) _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ②fortunate (adj.)___________ 反义词(adj.)____________ _____________ (adv.)幸运地反义词(adv.)_____________ ____________ (n. ) 运气, 财富, 1. We are fortunate in living in such a big city. 3. He dreamed of making a fortune. 2. He is/feels very fortunate to have a lovely son. (归纳总结)____________________________________________________________________________________________ ③Sound n._____________; v._____________ 1. We heard strange sounds in the distance. 3. That sounds a good idea. 2. The bell sounded for the end of the class. (归纳总结) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ 宝清二高高三英语导学案
预习导学 Unit 5 Music 第一课时Warming up ﹠vocabulary 本单元重点单词，请写出下列单词的汉语意思: 1.classical 2.folk 3.jazz 4. musician 5.pretend 6.attach 7.form 8.passer-by 9.earn 10.extra 11.instrument 12.perform 13.performance 14.pub 15.cash 16.studio https://www.doczj.com/doc/b44799062.html,lionaire 18.actor 19.rely 20.broadcast 21.humorous 22.familiar 23.attractive 24.addition 25.dip 26.confident 27.brief 28.briefly 29.devotion 33.sensitive 30.afterwards 34.painful 31.invitation 32.beard 本单元重点词组,请写出下列单词的汉语意思: 1. d ream of 5.play jokes on 2. t o be honest 6.rely on 3. a ttach…to 4.in cash 7.be/get familiar with 8. a bove all 9. s tick to 10. or so 11. break up 12. by chance 13. in addition 14. sort out 实战演练 一、词汇学习 1.古典英语5. 民乐9. 蓝调13. 轻音乐 2. 摇滚乐 6.乡村音乐 10 嘻哈音乐 14. 乐队 3. 说唱 7. 交响乐 11. 流行音乐 15. 音乐家 4. 爵士乐 8.合唱 12．西方音乐 二、根据首字母填写单词 1. The ball r down the hill. 2. A the stamp to the front of your letter. 3. Many fans were once impressed by Jay’s wonderful p . 4. As babies, we r entirely on others for food. 5. I’m very sorry. To answer this question is beyond my a . 6. He’s a f figure in the neighborhood. 7. As far as I know, Miss Gao enjoys listening to f music very much. 8. His d to his wife and family is touching. 9. They s all that they had when they were abroad. 10. You are far too s about her words. 预习导学 一、根据课文的内容填空 第二课时Reading If we are ourselves, most of us have being famous sometimes in our lives. Most musicians often meet and a band .Sometimes they play in the street to so that they can earn some money and this also gives them a to realize their dreams. There was once a band started in a different
2012高考英语：阅读理解课堂练学案（10） Passage Six (Equality of opportunity in the twentieth Century Has Not Destroyed the Class System) These days we hear a lot of nonsense about the ‘great classless society’. The idea that the twentieth century is the age of the common man has become one of the great clichés of our time. The same old arguments are put forward in evidence. Here are some of them: monarchy as a system of government has been completely discredited. The monarchies that survive have been deprived of all political power. Inherited wealth has been savagely reduced by taxation and, in time, the great fortunes will disappear altogether. In a number of countries the victory has been complete. The people rule; the great millennium has become a political reality. But has it? Close examination doesn’t bear out the claim. It is a fallacy to suppose that all men are equal and that society will be leveled out if you provide everybody with the same educational opportunities. (It is debatable whether you can ever provide everyone with the same educational opportunities, but that is another question.) The fact is that nature dispenses brains and ability with a total disregard for the principle of equality. The old rules of the jungle, ‘survival of the fittest’, and ‘might is right’ are still with us. The spread of education has destroyed the old class system and created a new one. Rewards are based on merit. For ‘aristocracy’ read ‘meritocracy’; in other respects, society remains unaltered: the class syst em is rigidly maintained. Genuine ability, animal cunning, skill, the knack of seizing opportunities, all bring material rewards. And what is the first thing people do when they become rich? They use their wealth to secure the best possible opportunit ies for their children, to give them ‘a good start in life’. For all the lip service we pay to the idea of equality, we do not consider this wrong in the western world. Private schools which offer unfair advantages over state schools are not banned because one of the principles in a democracy is that people should be free to choose how they will educate their children. In this way, the new meritocracy can perpetuate itself to a certain extent: an able child from a wealthy home can succeed far more rapidly than his poorer counterpart. Wealth is also used indiscriminately to further political ends. It would be almost impossible to become the leader of a democracy without massive financial backing. Money is as powerful a weapon as ever it was.