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现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别

现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别
现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别

现在完成时

现在完成时,①表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果;

②过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。

基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)

①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.

He has finished it. They have worked it out.

②否定句:主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.

He hasn’t fini shed it. They have worked it out.

③一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.

Has he finished it? Yes, he has; No he hasn’t

Have they have worked it out? Yes, I have; No I haven’t

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+have/has+主语+过去分词(v-ed)+其他)

Where have they been? They have been to Yunnan.

一般过去时:表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情,不强调对“现在”产生的影响。

He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。(只是简单表明在过去某个时间[in 1998]去过桂林这一事实,除此以外别无其他)

主语+动词的过去式(肯定式)

He did it. We hoped to go there.

主语+did +not +动词原形(否定式)

He didn’t do it. They weren’t there yesterday.

Did+主语+动词的原形(疑问式)

Did he do it? Yes, he did. No, he didn’t

第一种:对目前造成的影响;过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果;

Have you seen the film? (A)

Did you see the film? (B)

[说明] 你看过这部电影吗?(A)句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解;(B)句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过,并不强调是否知道其内容。

The plane has already arrived. 飞机已经抵达了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿。)

The plane arrived a quarter of an hour ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前抵达的。(强调动作发生的时间在过去。)

Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(造成的结果是,Jill现在有了一台新电脑)Jill bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。(强调动作发生的时间在过去。)

现在完成时的用法和过去式的主要区别:

第二种:过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。

He has lived in Beijing for 8 years.(A)(live用现在完成时,表明“居住”的动作和现在发生了联系)He lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B)(live用过去式,表明“居住”的动作只存在于过去,与现在没有关系)

[说明]他在北京住了8年。(A)句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8年,可能还会继续在北京住下去。(B)句讲的是他在北京住过8年,现在不在北京了。

句子中所用【时间标志词语】的区别

1、一般过去时:

通常与表示过去的时间状语连用,如:

yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening…);last night (week, month, year…);

一段时间+ago(several days ago)、two days ago、a week ago,…;in 2002,(in 1990, in 1997,in July…)等;just now, at that time/moment, then , long long ago

例子:

He was here yesterday.

I got up at seven yesterday morning.

My mother didn’t work yesterday afternoon.

Did you have a good time last summer?

My mother often went to work by taxi last year.

When I was a student, I often listened to music.

Three months ago, they were still students.

2、现在完成时:

现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚), before (之前), recently(最近), lately(近来),ever(曾经)等副词;

其中already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中)

He has already obtained(获得)a scholarship.他已经获得了奖学金。(already用在过去分词前)

Have you ever been to Beijing?你曾经去过北京吗?(ever

I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately).我最近没太看到他。

We have seen that film before. 我们之前看过那部电影。(用在句末)

Have they found the missing child yet?他们已经找到了那个丢失的孩子了吗?(用在否定或疑问句末)

※already和yet的用法辨析

不论yet还是already,都可以表示“已经”的含义。一般两者都用于完成时的句子当中。

already 即可用在句前部分也可用在句尾;yet一般用在句尾。

already一般用于肯定句(表“已经)”;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句。

I’ve seen the film already.The train has already left. 火车已经开走了。

He hasn’t found his bike yet.他还没有找到他的自行车。(用在否定句末表“还”)★★★

Has she finished her homework yet?她已经做完作业了吗?(用在疑问句末表“已经”)★★★

※lately 与recently 用法辨析

两者均可表示“最近”、“近来”。从使用的时态来看:两者都经常与完成时态连用。

I have seen a lot of her lately [recently]. 我最近经常见到她。

注:两者通常都不用于将来时,若用于将来时则用“soon”。如:

最近我们要去巴黎。

误:We will go to Paris lately [recently].

正:We will go to Paris soon.

现在完成时的另一个用法:

“从过去某一时刻开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。”这一用法常和一段时间连用:常与these days, this week, since+点时间…, for+段时间…等表示一段时间的状语连用。其中“ for +时间段”★★★,“ since +时间点”★★★。

例如:We have lived in this city for more than 40 years. 我们在这个城市里已经生活了40 多年。We have lived in this city since 1958. 我们从1958 年起就住在这个城市里。(注:1958前没有in)Have you seen her parents these days? 这些天你看见她的父母了吗?

Mary has been ill for three days.

I have lived here since I came here.(注:I came here是一个过去时,表示的是【过去的一个时间点】)

几种特殊句型的区别:

1)have been in; 2)have been to ; 3)have gone to 的用法:

1. have(has) been in意为“已经在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:

Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

They have been in Canada for five years. 他们到加拿大有五年了。

2. have(has) been to意为“曾经去过某地”,表示“现在已经不在那里了”。可与just, ever, never等连

用。如:

I've just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。

Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?

Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。

另:have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。如:

I've been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。

They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

3. have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示刚到某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。如:

—Where is Tom? 汤姆在哪里?

—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。

4.非延续性动词即瞬间动词不能用于“现在完成时+一段时间的状语”的句型中。即这类瞬间动词有:come,go,start,leave,die,buy,finish,borrow等。例如:

例如:下面的例句就是瞬间动词的过去式和带有持续时间的现在完成时使用变化。

1、We have had the book for three years. We bought the book three years ago.

2、He has had a cold for three days. He caught a cold three days ago.

3、Xiao ming has been a soldier for half year. Xiao ming joined the army half year ago.

4、we have been students for eight years. We became students eight years ago.

5、The class has benn over gor ten minutes.

6、I hve kept the book since last week.I borrowed the book lasr week.

7、Mr.Black has been dead for three years. Mr.Blackgied three years ago.

8、The film has been on for an hour. The film started an hour ago.

She has worked for ten years.

1、She began to work ten years ago

2、She has worked since ten years ago.

3、It is ten years since she began to worked.

4、Ten years has passed since she began to work.

汉语意思分别为:

她已经工作了十年了。

她十年前就开始工作了。

自十年前以来她就开始工作了。

自她工作以来有十年了。

自她开始工作以来十年已经过去了。

※过去分词的概念:

①规则动词的【过去分词】的构成:v+ed, 如work-worked;study-studied;finish-finished

②不规则动词的过去分词构成(需要单独记忆):如be-been;have-had;hear-heard;do-done

③动词的过去分词

...不是一个概念:【过去分词】用于现在完成时态(另被动语态....和动词的过去式

中也会用到),动词的过去式只能用于过去时。

※过去分词的变化规则:规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:

(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“ ed ”:work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited

(2)以“ e ”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“ d ”:live---lived---lived ,

(3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词,将"y" 变为"i" ,再加“ ed ”:study---studied---studied ,cr y---cried---cried

(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ ed ”:stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped—dropped.

特殊疑问句的提问:用when还是how long?

He began to work ten years ago. _______________did he begin to work ?? He has worked since ten years ago________________has he worked? Mary has been ill for three days. _______________has she been ill?

Mary was ill three days ago. ________________was Mary ill?

Mary has been ill since three days ago._________________has Mary been ill?

过去完成时

过去完成时(past perfect)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。

它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。

基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done)

①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他.

②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.

③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他?

肯定回答:Yes,主语+had.

否定回答:No,主语+had not .

④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句(Had+主语+过去分词+其他)?

基本用法

(1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作,也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示,还可能通过上下文来表示。

例如:By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

到昨晚9点钟,我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态,常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。

例如:I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.

当车来的时候,我在车站已等了20分钟。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.

他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

(3)叙述过去发生的事情,在已叙述了过去发生的事情后,反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时,常使用过去完成时。

例如:Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson.

我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。

(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中,如果叙述的是过去的事,先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

例如:I returned the book that I had borrowed.

我已归还了我借的书。

She found the key that she had lost.

她丢失的钥匙找到了。

(5)过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。

例如:He said that he had known her well.

他说他很熟悉她。

I thought I had sent the letter a week before.

我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。

(6)状语从句:在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生在前,用过去完成时;发生在后,用一般过去时。

如when,before,after,as soon as,till/until引导的

例如:When I woke up, it had already stopped raining.

我醒来时雨已停了。

She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work.

她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

注意:如果两个动作紧接着发生,则常常不用过去完成时,特别是在包含before和after的复合句中,因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确,这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。

例如:After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English.

马克思到达英格兰之后,努力提高他的英语水平。

(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法,希望,打算或意图等。

例如:They had wanted to help but could not get there in time.

他们本来打算去帮忙,但没有及时赶到那里。

We had hoped to be able to come and see you .

我们本来希望能来看看你。

(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, It was the first (second, etc)

time (that)…等固定句型中。

例如:Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.

他刚开始演讲,听众就打断了他。

No sooner had he arrived than he went away again

他刚到就又走了。

It was the third time that he had been out of work that year.

这是他那一年第三次失业了。

时间状语

before,when,after,by+,until, once,had no sooner……than

过去完成时-语法判定

1. 由时间状语来判定

一般说来,各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:

( 1 )by + 过去的时间点。如:

I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.

( 2 )by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:

We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.

( 3 )before + 过去的时间点。如:

They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。

过去完成时表示“过去的过去”,是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作,即动作有先后关系,动作在前的用过去完成时,在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在:

( 1 )宾语从句中

当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时,且从句的动作先于主句的动作时,从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如:

She said that she had seen the film before.

( 2 )状语从句中

在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中,主、从句的动作发生有先后关系,动作在前的,要用过去完成时,动作在后的要用一般过去时。如:

After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.

注意:before, after 引导的时间状语从句中,由于before 和after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系,若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连,则主、从句都用一般过去时。如:

After he closed the door, he left the classroom.

(3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示"原本…,未能…"

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。

I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.

过去完成时-语法区别

一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别

现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响,与现在有关,其结构为“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,已过去时间为基点,它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去,更强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。

比较:I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。

I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了1000 个英语单词。

— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起,让你久等了。

— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么,我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)

二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别

虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,但在使用时应注意以下几点:

1. 时间状语不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。

比较:They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.

They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.

2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时,谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断:先发生的用过去完成时,后发生的则用一般过去时。

She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.

3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and 或but 连接时,按时间顺序,只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外,在before ,after ,as soon as 引导的从句中,由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后,因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.

现在完成时专项练习

一、单项选择。

1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .

A. knew

B. have known

C. must know

D.will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

A. already

B.never

C.ever

D.still

3、Have you met Mr Li ______?

A. just

B. ago

C.before

D. a moment ago

4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .

A. is writing

B.was writing

C.wrote

D.has written

5、—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .

A.has changed ; well

B.changed ; good

C.has changed ; better

D.changed ; better

6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .

A. was ; studying

B. will ; study

C. has ; studied

D. are ; studying

7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .

A. know

B. had known

C. have known

D. knew

8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .

A.will see

B.have seen

C.saw

D.see

9、—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really? When _____ there ?

A. will they go

B. did they go

C. do they go

D. have they gone

10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .

A.Did ; do ; finished

B.Have ; done ; finished

C.Have ; done ; have finished

D.will ; do ; finish

11、His father ______ the Party since 1978 .

A. joined

B. has joined

C. was in

D. has been in

12、—Do you know him well ? — Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .

A. were

B. have been

C. have become

D. have made

13、—How long have you ____ here ?

—About two months .

A. been

B. gone

C. come

D. arrived

14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .

A. has begun

B. had begun

C. has been on

D. began

15、It _____ ten years since he left the army .

A. is

B. has

C. will

D. was

16、Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .

A.has gone

B. went

C.will go

D. has been

17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .

A. have been in

B. have been to

C. have gone to

D. have been

18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ______?

A. so they

B. don’t they

C. have they

D. haven’t they

19、______ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he ______ to China?

A. How soon, comes

B. How often, got

C. How long, came

D. How far, arrived

20、His uncle ______ for more than 9 years.

A. has come here

B. has started to work

C. has lived there

D. has left the university

21.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.

A. has left

B. had left

C. has been away

D. had been away

22. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.

A. joined

B. have joined

C. have been in

23.The factory ____ since the February of 1988.

A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

24.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.

A. have made

B. have been

C. made

D. have become

25.You mustn't_____ until he comes back.

A. be away

B. leave

C. be left

26.The meeting _____ for a week now.

A. has finished

B. has ended

C. has been over

27.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.

A. has been in

B. has come to

C. has taught

28.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .

A. has been

B. has become

C. was

D. became

29. I ______ home for a week.

A. have returned

B. have been back

C. returned

30. How long _______ he ________ ?

A. died

B. has, died

C. has, been dead

31. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

A. slept

B. was sleeping

C. has sleep

D. had slept

32.He ________ the car for a week.

A. bought

B. has bought

C. has had

33.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ? -----Two weeks.

A. did fall

B. have, fell

C. have, been

34.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from

35.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.

A. borrow

B. keep

C. take

36.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.

A. has stopped

B. stopped

C. has been

37.Are you _____ the jacket these days?

A. wearing

B. putting on

C. dressing

D. on

38.He ________ for 2 hours.

A. got up

B. has got up

C. has been up

39. Tom is ill in hospital. He ______ a cold for several days.

A. is

B. catches

C. has caught

D. has had

40.----- How long can I ______ the book? ------ Two weeks.

A. borrow

B. lend

C. get

D. keep

二、句型转换。

1、He has never surfed, ______?(改成反意疑问句)

2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提问) ___________ have ______ they been here?

3、The old man _______ last year. He ______ for a year. (die) (动词填空)

4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory ______ for twenty years.

5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换) Miss Gao ______ an hour ago.

6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .(同义句)

Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .

7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换)

_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.

8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)

___________________________________________

三、汉译英。

1、吉姆已做完作业,他现在有空了。___________________________________________

2、他昨天收到一封信。___________________________________________

3、我父亲以前到过长城。___________________________________________

4、她还没有看过那部新电影。___________________________________________

5、她去过上海。___________________________________________

6、他这些天上哪儿去了?

参考答案:

一、单项选择。

1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大,往往无时间状语,需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理,正确答案是B。

2、现在完成时常与already(已经),just(刚刚,正好),ever(曾经),never(从来,也不;从不),before(以前),yet(仍然)等连用。故2应选B。

3、C

4、现在完成时常与recently(近来),so far(到目前为止),in the past/“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间,句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。

5、C

6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句,从句过去时)。故6应选C。

7、C

8、现在完成时还与once(一次),twice(两次),three times(三次),several times(几次)等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。

9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆,就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去,但二者又有区别:一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作,说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情,与现在没有关系;现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的动作,它不与表示过去的时间状语(如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等)连用。故9的正确答案为B。

10、B

11、现在完成时中,非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为:D。

12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。

16、“have/has gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地(还未回来)”,指主语所指的人不在这儿。“have/has been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”,常与表示时间的状语连用。“have/has been to +地点”表示“曾经去过某地(但现在已不在那儿)。”故16的正确答案为A。

17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C

二、句型转换。

1、has he?

2、How long

3、died, has been dead

4、has been open

5、has been away

6、joined;ago

7、It is, since

8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.

三、汉译英。

1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.

2、He received a letter yesterday.

3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.

4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.

5、She has been to Shanghai.

6、Where has he been these days?

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析

人教版英语英语现在完成时的用法大全含解析 一、初中英语现在完成时 1.—They say there is a new restaurant near here. —Yes, and it ______ for more than a week. A. has been open B. open C. is opening D. opens 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——他们说在这附近有一个新的餐馆。——是的,它已经开了一个多星期了。根据 for more than a week ,可知用现在完成时,have/has been done,故选A。 【点评】考查现在完成时,注意识记其标志词。 2.Mike used to be a top student, but he behind since he lost himself in computer games. A. fell B. has fallen C. was D. has been 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意为“Mike过去是尖子生,但自从迷上电子游戏以来成绩落后了”。由since可知but后的主句用现在完成时,瞬间动词fall不能和since引导的时间状语从句连用,故用延续性动词be。故选D。 【点评】本题考查现在完成时中非延续性动词和延续性动词的转换。 3.—Hi, Tom! you ever the Bird's Nest? —Yes, I have. It's fantastic. A. Have, been to B. Have, gone to C. Did, go to 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意:——你好,Tom!你曾经去过鸟巢吗?——是的,我去过。它是极好的。根据答语—Yes, I have.可知是以have开头的现在完成时的一般疑问句,排除C。have been to+地点名词,去过某地,去了并且回来了;have gone to+地点名词,去了某地,去了还没有回来,在去或者回来的路上。根据It's fantastic.可知去了并且回来了,故选A。 【点评】考查短语辨析,注意平时识记其区别,理解句意。 4.——Where is Mr. Wang? ——He together with his students ________ Zhuyuwan Park. A. has gone to B. have gone to C. has been to D. have been to 【答案】 A

一般过去式,现在完成时区别

1、现在完成时的定义: 现在完成时通常是指过去某一动作对现在的影响或过去某一动作持续到现在(可能要继续下去) 2、现在完成时的构成: 现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+过去分词”构成的 3、现在完成时的用法: (1) 表示从过去到现在曾经经历过或做过的事情 (2) 表示过去发生的动作对现在所产生的影响 (3) 表示从过去某时开始的动作,状态一直持续到现在 一般过去时也译为单纯过去时。 例A:He worked very hard last year. (去年他很用功。) 例B:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday. (史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。) 例C:They were here only a few minutes ago. (几分钟前他们还在这里。) 一、一般过去时的用法: 解说:一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它(如各例句的斜体字部分)。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有:yesterday, yesterday morning (afternoon, evening ), just now (刚才), before (以前) , then (at that time )(当时) , last +时间(如 last week, month, year, Monday, … January, … spring, …, etc. ), that +时间(如 that day, afternoon, summer, …, etc. ), 时间 + ago (如a few minutes ago, two weeks ago , years ago, … etc.) 二、一般过去时的主要语法功能: 1. 表示过去发生的动作或情况, e.g. He returned home very late last night. 他昨晚很晚回家。 He turned off TV at midnight. 他午夜才关了电视。 他常常在午夜后才关电视。He often turns off TV after midnight. 2. 表示过去反复发生的或习惯性的动作,常和never, often, usually等状语连用。 e.g. She often swam/ went swimming last summer. 去年夏天她经常去游泳。 In the past few years, Mary seldom called her grandfather. 过去几年中,玛丽很少给她爷爷打电话。 3. 可用在said, reported等后面的间接引语中,代替一般现在时。 e.g. She said, "I'm tired of his long speech."----She said that she was tired of his long speech. 她说她烦透了他的长篇大论。 The doctor reported, "The patient is very well."----The doctor reported that the patient was very well. 医生说患者情况良好。

一般过去时与现在完成时的用法区别

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现在完成时的基本用法

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现在完成时用法84576

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现在完成时的基本用法

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即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且这个不断重复的动作有可能继续下去,也有可能到现在就结束。如: Howoftenhaveyouseenher?你隔多少见她一次? Myfatherhasalwaysgonetoworkbybike.我父亲一向骑车上班。 4、现在完成时表示将来 同一般现在时可以表示将来一样,现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。如: I’llwaituntilhehaswrittenhisletter.我愿等到他把信写完。 Whenyouhaverested,I’llshowyouthegarden.等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园。 二、现在完成时的基本定义和句型构成 基本定义 现在完成时有两种用法 1.过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。到现在为止已经发生或完成的动作。 2.表示过去发生的、持续到现在的动作或状态。 句型构成 基本结构:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p) 现在完成时用法 现在完成时用法 ①肯定句:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语(或者其他). ②否定句:主语+havenot/hasnot+动词的过去分词(p.p)(V-ed)+宾语.

一般过去式与现在完成时的区别

一般过去时与现在完成时的区别(1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 (2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 (3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了) Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了) Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争) He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续) He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续) 句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。 (错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. (对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 一、现在完成时的意义(用法) 1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。(瞬间动词适用于这种情况) 2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用。(延续性动词适用于这种情况)我们可以简记为: (1)“过去对现在”(瞬间动词) (2)“过去到现在”(延续性动词) 二、现在完成时的构成(结构) 现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。 我们可以简记为: ① have(has)在前面, ②过去分词在后边, ③以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现, ④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice), ⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段,今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。 注:1. ①②是指该时态的构成。③④⑤是时态的标志。 2. since +(1)(过去的)月份/年份 since +(2)一段时间+ago

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习

现在完成时和过去时的区别及练习 一、现在完成时的用法。 1.现在完成时强调过去动作对现在的影响 I have lost my wallet now. I can’t find it now. 我的钱包掉了,我现在找不到。 2.现在完成时强调过去动作一直持续到现在。 I have had this book for a year. 我拥有这本书1年了。 3.现在完成时表示动作尚未完成。 I have lived here for 5 years. 我在这里住了5年(现在也还在这里住) 4.现在完成时可以与不确切的过去时间连用。 She has entered speaking competition before. 她曾经参加过演讲比赛。 5.现在完成时可以用来描述活着的人的经历。 He has been to America four times. 他去过美国4次。(他现在还活着) 6.现在完成时可以与未完成的时间状语连用。 She has finished her homework today. 今天他已经完成了家庭作业。(today, this week, this year 是未完成的时间状语) 二、过去时的用法 1.

1.表示过去完成的动作,现在已不是这样。 —What do you think of her? 你认为她怎样? —She was cute. 她曾经很可爱(表示她现在已不可爱了。) 2.与过去某一具体的时间状语连用,表示过去完成的动作。 She lost her wallet yesterday. (她昨天弄丢了她的钱包。) 3.表示去世的人过去的经历。 He went to America four times.一生中, 他去过美国4次(表示他已去世)练习 1.Ronaldo ______________( win) 29 major trophies in his career. 2.I ____________(have)him for three months and I really feel healthy. 3.She_______________(be) ill for three days. 4.They ________________ (not do) much exercise since they got their computer. 5.Kobe Byrant _______________(win) five championships with The Los Angeles Lakers. 6.Fans___________________(buy)about 200 million copies of Tintin’s stories in more than 50 languages. 7.When I was young, I ___________(not like) green vegetables. 8.After he graduated from university, he _________(work) in a big company.

现在完成时的用法

现在完成时的用法 一、概念 现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将来,重点在于对现在的影响。 二、理解: 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态,其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在;也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。 四、基本用法: 1.已完成用法(影响性用法)。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作 在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时 说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果。如:

He has left the city. 他已离开这个城市。(结果。如:他不在这个城市) Someone has broken the window. 有人把窗户打破了。(结果。如:窗户仍破着) Have you seen my bag? 你看到我的手提包了吗?(结果。如:你知道它在哪里吗?) I have bought two apples.我买了两个苹果。(“买”这一动作发生在过去,对现在造成的结果是:拥有两个苹果。) 【注】现在完成时“完成用法”的特点是动作不延续,因此,该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如:already,just, yet,before,recently等)、频度时间状语(如:never,ever,once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如:this morning/month /year..., today等)连用。already,just多用于肯定句中,ever,yet,never多用于疑问句和否定句中。 如:I have already finished my homework.我已经做完家庭作业了。 He has just had his meal.他刚吃过饭。 Have you ever sung this English song?你曾唱过这首英文歌吗? They haven't started yet.他们还没有动身。 We have never heard of it.我们从来没有听说过这件事。 2.未完成用法(持续性用法)。如:该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束)。此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导),或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如:up to now,so far到目前为止)等。如: He has lived here since 1971. 自从1971年以来,他一直住在这儿。 (动作起始于1971年,一直住到现在,可能还要继续住下去。) We have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我们在部队已经呆了五年多了。 (动作开始于5年前,一直延续至今,有可能还要继续下去。) Have you waited long? 你等了很久吗? We have been busy this afternoon. 今天下午我们一直很忙。 The temperature has stayed hot this week. 这星期天气一直很热。

现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法

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一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别(详细点)

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现在完成时的构成和用法教学提纲

现在完成时的构成和用法 I. 现在完成时 1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开 始,持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构:主语+have/has +p.p(过去分词)+其他 4.否定形式:主语+have/has + not +p.p(过去分词)+其他 5.一般疑问句:have或has。 6.例句:I've written an article. The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. II.现在完成时 1. 现在完成时的构成:助动词have/has + 过去分词 2. 现在完成时的主要用法 ⑴表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情现在 已经结束。 Someone has just turned off the light. 有人刚把灯关了。 I have already finished my homework. 我已经完成了家庭作业。 ⑵表示从过去某一时刻开始并一直延续到现在的动作或事情,但动作或事情可能 仍在继续。 I want to see how much the place changed since I saw it last. 我想看看从上次见到那地 方以来它发生了多大变化。 I have learnt English for more than ten years. 我已经学了10多年的英语。 ⑶表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历. Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 你曾去过颐和园吗? I have never had a car. 我从未有过汽车。 ⑷现在完成时还常与句型This is the first time…,It’s the first time …连用。 This is the first time he has driven a car. 这是他第一次开车。 ⑸现在完成时和最高级连用表示到现在为止是最…的。 It’s the most boring film I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的最令人厌烦的电影。 3. 现在完成时的时间状语 ⑴常与不确定的时间状语连用,如:already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few weeks等,表示“到目前为止”所发生的动作. ⑵还可以和包括现在在内(到说话时仍未结束)的,表示一段时间的状语连用, 如:now, today, this morning (afternoon, evening, week, month, year), these days, since, for a long time等. ⑶since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。 Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。

英语中现在完成时的基本用法讲解

英语中现在完成时的基本用法讲解 (含义:我对他有所了解了,现在能够谈谈他的情况了。 )Have you been to Paris?你去过巴黎吗?(含义:如果你去过,你可以谈谈巴黎的情况。 如果你没有去过,我建议你去看看,或者我现在给你介绍一下巴黎的情况。 )We have never heard of such a man.我们从来没有听说过这样的人。 (含义:因此我们对“他一无所知,你问我们也是白问。 )模仿造句:1.因此,我们以前参观莫斯科(Moscow)。 2.你弟弟去去印度(India)吗? 3.这些孩子从未用过电脑。 2.现在完成时,表示过去某种行为的结果对现在有直接的影响Tom has lost his pen.汤姆的钢笔已经丢了。 (含义:结果是现在没笔用,必须借一支笔,或者买一支笔。 )Dad, I have finished my homework.爸爸,我已经做完家庭作业了。 (含义:现在应该可以让我出去玩会或者看下电视了。 )He has gone to Hong Kong.他已经去香港了。 (含义:结果是他不在这里,你在这儿见不到他了。 )模仿造句:1.杰克已把铅笔弄断了。 2.妈,我已经吃过中饭了。 3.玛丽已经去广州了。 3.现在完成时,表示某经历的时间长度(一般用for引导的时间状

语)Mr. Smith has been in China for 10 years.史密斯先生在中国待过10年了。 (含义:他待的时间够长的了,他对中国的情况很熟了,或者他的中文自然讲得很棒了。 )Jane has stayed in Shanghai for 3 days.珍妮在上海待了两天。 (含义:珍妮待在上海的时间短,对这里的情况还很不熟悉,或者她不应该马上离开,应该多玩几天。 )I have taught English for 10 years.我已经教英语10年了。 (含义:我教英语的时间已经非常长了,有丰富的教学经验了。 )模仿造句:1.简(Jane)已经在杭州住了8年了。 2.我妈已经在这家公司工作20年了。 3.今天我已经练英语口语2个小时了。 本文作者:丹丹英语(公众号:英语语法学习)本文已获转载授权,版权归作者所有,如需转载,请联系原微信公众号“英语语法学习。

英语语法学习:一般过去时与现在完成时的比较

英语语法学习:一般过去时与现在完成时的 比较 :一般过去时与现在完成时之间又些什么是需要我们注意的点呢?我们应该怎么区分好它们之间的关系呢?下面我们一起看看这篇《一般过去时与现在完成时的比较》。 1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作; 现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。 2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。 *一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,last week,ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。 *现在完成时的时间状语:for,since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years,always等,皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, thisApril, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach,learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如: I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的

(完整版)一般过去时和现在完成时练习题-含答案

一般过去时和现在完成时练习题 1. A. 用already或yet 1) Have they taken down the old pictures ___ ___? No, they haven’t____ ___. 2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____ . 3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _____ ___. B.用since或for 1) We have learned five lessons __ __ _ the beginning of this term. 2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital __ _ ___last week. 3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ___ __two weeks. C. 用have gone或have been 2) Is your father in? No, he ___ _ to Shenzhen. _______he ever ______ there before ? Yes, he ___ there several times 3) He asked me if I___ __ to Hangzhou before. I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I __ __ never _ ___ to that city before. 2. 选择填空 1.Mother __ __me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well. A. had made…have tried B. made…have tried C. has made…tried D. made…tried 2 “He ____to draw horses already”. “When ______ he ?” “ Last year “ A. learned...has B. learned (i) C. has learned...has D. has learned (i)

一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别

一般过去时和现在完成时用法区别 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。 时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。 The earth moves around the sun. 不受时间限制的Shanghai lies in the east of China. 客观存在 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round.. 3) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性、特征。 I don't want so much. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well. 比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. I am doing my homework now. ※4)由连词if unless before as soon as when once however 等引起的时间(条件、让步)状语从句,需要用一般现在时,表示将来时. 第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。再如:Now watch me, I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。 现在完成时用法解析 1.构成 现在完成时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词,说明句子的意义。 2.用法 (1)表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间,但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如: -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你(已经)吃午饭了吗?我刚刚吃过。(现在我不饿了)

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