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衡水学院外语系英语专业2004级普本
2007—2008学年第一学期期末考试
美国文学史及选读课程试卷（B）
命题教师：徐常兰试题审核人：孙艳
I. Work-Author pairing-up: (15%)
( ) 1. The Confidence-Man A. Walt Whitman
( ) 2. The House of the Seven Gables B. Ralph Waldo Emerson ( ) 3. The Over-Soul C. Nathaniel Hawthorne
( ) 4. There Was a Child Went Forth D. Herman Melville
( ) 5. The Turn of the Screw E. Emily Dickenson
( ) 6. This is My Letter to the World F. Henry James
( ) 7. The Hairy Ape G.. F. Scott Fitzgerald
( ) 8. The Sound and the Fury H. Eugene O’ Nell
( ) 9. Tender Is the Night I. William Faulkner
( ) 10. For Whom the Bell Tolls . J. Eugene O’Nell
( ) 11. Emperor Jones K. Ernest Hemingway
( ) 12. After Apple -Picking L. Ezra Pound
( ) 13. In a Station of the Metro M. Robert Frost
( ) 14. North of Boston
( ) 15. In Our Time
II. Choose one suitable answer for each statement. (20%)
( ) 1. In Robert Frost’s famous poem “Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening”, there are four lines like these: “The woods are lovely, dark and deep, /But I have promises to keep, / And miles to go before I sleep, /And miles to go before I sleep”. The second sleep refers to ____
A. die
B. calm down
C. fall into sleep
D. stop walking
( ) 2. Of the following American poets, whose work was first recognized in England and then in America?
A. Robert Frost
B. Walt Whitman
C. Emily Dickenson
D. Wallace Stevens
( ) 3. In these lines “The apparition of these faces in the crowd; /Petals on a wet, black bough”, Ezra Pound uses the figure of speech of ___.
A. metaphor
B. simile
C. hyperbole
D. contrast
( ) 4. Chinese poetry and philosophy had great influence on ______
A. Robert Frost
B. Ralph Waldo Emerson
C. Ezra Pound
D. Emily Dickenson
( ) 5. The Hemingway code heroes are best remembered for their_____.
A. indestructible spirit
B. pessimistic view of life
C. war experiences
D. masculinity
( ) 6. Lots of people rushed to Gatsby’s party at the weekend and they clustered around Gatsby’s wealth like_____.
A. gluttons
B. flies
C. insects
D. moths
( ) 7. In a class which discusses the Imagist Movement in the United States, we will definitely NOT include ___
A. William Carlos Williams
B. Ezra Pound
B. Gary Snyder D. Wallance Stevens
( ) 8. Emily Dickenson was sometimes curious about the feeling of death and in one of her poems she wrote about the _________of death, the title of the poem is “ I heard a Fly buzz when I died”.
A. moment
B. suffering
C. happiness
D. meaning
( )9. In all his novels Theodore Dresier set himself to project the materialistic American values. For example, in Sister Carrie, there is not one character whose status is not determined ____.
A. hereditarily
B. economically
C. by his or her literalness
D. historically
( )10. Theodore Dresier was influenced by many writers whose works he had read.
But his true literary influence did not come from___.
A. Balzac
B. Charles Darwin
C. Herbert Spencer
D. Ralph Waldo Emerson
( ) 11. One of the characteristics that have made Mark Twain one of the major literary figures in the 19th century American literature is the use of _____.
A. vernacular
B. interior monologue
C. point of view
D. photographic description
( ) 12. The novelistic technique of projecting the narrative through feelings and thoughts of the characters, reached a perfected form in the works of ____.
A. Henry James
B. William Dean Howells
C. Washington Irving
D. Emily Dickenson
( )13. The author of The Portrait of a Lady is best at ______.
A.probing into the unsearched secret part of human life.
B. A truthful delineation of the motives, the impulses, the principles that shape
the lives of actual men and women.
C. A dramatizing the collisions between two very different cultural systems on an
international scene.
D.Disclosing the social injustices and evils of a civilized society after the Civil
War.
( ) 14. Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality are_____.
A. transcendentalism
B. idealists
C. pessimists
D. impressionist
( ) 15. Of all the following issues, _____ is definitely NOT the focus of the Romantic writers in the American literary history.
A. Puritan morality
B. human bestiality
C. noble savages
D. divinity of man
( )16. “Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind” is a famous quote from ____’ writings.
A.Walt Whitman
B.Henry David Thoreau
C. Herman Melville
D. Ralph Emersion ( ) 17. Moby Dick, the big white whale, is possibly read as symbolic of all the following EXCEPT_____.
A. malignancy
B. beauty
C. adultery
D. God
( ) 18. According to Nathaniel Hawthorne, romance should be ____.
A.both imaginative and creative
B.full of adventures
C. a true record of human life
D.a mixture of facts and fancy
( ) 19. Whitman is noted for his use of ____ language.
A. oral
B. poetic
C. formal
D. archaic
( ) 20. According to Whitman, the genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural effort was to behave as a supreme_____.
A. democrat
B. individualist
C. romanticist
D. leader
III. Define the following literary terms: (15%)
1. Jazz Age
2. Local colorism
3. The “Hemingway Code” of hero
4. picaresque
5. imagism
IV. Reading comprehension:(12%)
Directions: Read the following selected readings and answer the questions.
1I make a pact with you, Walt Whitman—
I have detested you long enough,
I come to you as a grown child
Who has had a pig-headed father;
I am old enough now to make friends.
Questions:
1). What is the title of the poem?
2) Who writes the poem?
3) What does the poem describes?
2.“ Standing on the bare ground, ---- my head bathed by the blither air and uplifted
into infinite space,---all mean egotism vanishes. I become a transparent eyeball; I am nothing; I see all; the currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am part or particle of God.
Questions:
(1). What is the title of the essay?
(2) Who writes it?
(3) How do you understand the philosophical ideas in these world?
3.Tell me not, in mournful numbers,
Life is but an empty dream!
For the soul is dead that slumbers,
And things are not what they seem.
Questions:
1). What is the title of the whole poem from which the stanza is taken?
2) Who writes the poem?
3) Summarize the poet’s advice on living.
4.The apparition of these faces in the crowd;
Petals on a wet, black bough.
Questions:
1). What is the title of the poem?
2) Who writes the poem?
3). How do you appreciate this poem?
V. Questions:(18%)
Directions: For each of the following questions you are asked to concentrate on the essential points.
1.What is writing features of Henry James?
2.Give a brief analysis of the character of Huckleberry Finn.
VII. Essay questions (20%)
1.Give a brief analysis of Gatsby’s tragedy in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby.
2. Analyze Henry’s illusions in the forest in Stephen Crane’s The Red Badge of Courage.
First, Henry convinced himself that nature is benevolent, that she does not blame him for running. Next, he finds himself in a part of the woods which he interprets as a kind of religious place. The insects are praying, and the forest has the appearance of a chapel. Henry becomes satisfied with himself until he discovered a dead soldier in the “chapel”. Henry sees an ant carrying a bundle across the face of the dead man. Shifting to a belief in nature as malevolent indifferent, Henry moves back toward the front.
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衡水学院外语系英语专业2004普本
2006—2007学年第一学期期末考试
英国文学史及选读课程试卷（A）
Terminal Exam Paper on English Literature
Answer Sheet
I Work-author pairing-up: (15%) (each 1 point)
1-5: 6-10: 11-15:
II. Choose one suitable anwer for each statement. (10%) (each 1 point) 1-5: 6-10:
III. True-false statement (10%)(each 1 point)
1-5: 6-10: 11-15:
IV Define the following literary terms: (15%)(each 3points)
V Reading comprehension:(24%) (each 6points)
VI Questions:(10%) (each 5 points)
VII. Essay Questions(16%) (each 8points)
1.Why did Franklin write his Autobiography? Franklin says that because his son may wish to know about his life, he is taking his one week vacation in the English countryside to record his past. He also says that he has enjoyed his life and would like to repeat it 2.What made Franklin decide to leave the brother to whom he had been apprenticed? His brother was passionate, and had often beaten him. The aversion to arbitrary power that has stuck to him through his whole life .After a brush with the law, Franklin left his brother. 3.How did he arrive in Philadephia? First he set out in a boat for Amboy, the boat dropped him off about 50 miles from Burlington, the next day he reached Burlington on foot, in Burlington he found a boat which was going towards Philadelphia, he arrived there about eight or nine o’clock, on the Sunday morning and landed at the Market Street wharf. 4.What features do you find in the style of the above selection? It is the pattern of Puritan simplicity, directness, and concision(言简意赅). The narrative is lucid(易懂的), the structure is simple, the imagery is homely(朴素的). 二、Questions 1.How many characters does Poe include in The Cask of Amontillado? What are these names? Montresor, Fortunato and Luchesi 2. What drink are the French most famous for? Wine 3.Does Montresor have something of great value to him which we might consider to be his treasure? His pride and the pride of his French family heritage. Perhaps his devious plot of revenge. 4.Does Montresor seem to have much respect for Italians? Montresor does not have much respect for Italians. He feels the French are superior, especially with respect to wine. 5.What was Fortunato's insult? Poe does not tell us directly, but only implies it in the third paragraph 6.Which wine does Montresor use to lure Fortunato into the catacombs? "Amontillado" (the Spanish wine; Montresor's ruse to lead Fortunato down into the catacombs. 7.Why does Montresor entertain Fortunato with wines from his collection? Montresor wants to get Fortunato drunk enough to be able to trap him in his plan of vengeance. 8.In what two ways does Montresor imprison Fortunato? He fetters (chains and locks) Fortunato to the wall of the catacombs. He builds a wall to close Fortunato off in a small corner of the catacombs, where Montresor will leave him to die. 9.In what ways is The Cask of Amontillado grotesque? First, which of Montresor's actions are abnormal? The whole obsessive plot of vengeance. The fettering and entombment of Fortunato. Montresor's sick sense of humor. 10.Is there anything grotesque about Fortunato? His obsession with alcohol. His drunkenness. His tendency to berate Luchesi (he may have been drunk and may have insulted Montresor in a similar
Chapter I The Renaissance Period Definitions of the Literary Terms: 文艺复兴时期的界定 1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medie val to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14 th & 17th centuries. 历史文化背景It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to emb race the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "reviva l," is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoverie s in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expa nsion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence is a historical period in whic h the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that e xpressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church. 2. 文艺复兴到英国比较晚的原因The Renaissance was slow in reaching Englan d not only becaus e o f England?s separation from the Continent but also be cause of its domestic unrest. It was not until the reign of Henry VIII that the Renaissance really began to show its effect in England. With Henry VII I?s encouragement the Oxford reformers, scholars and humanists introduc ed classical literature to England. 15th century, began the English Renaissa nce, which was perhaps England?s Golden Age, especially in literature. 人文主义H umanism: Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient author s and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its consci ous, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on s uch a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new l earning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, b ut the human values represented in the works. Renaissance humanists fou nd in the classics a justification to exalt human nature and came to see th at human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the world they inhabited was thei rs not to despise but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizin g the dignity of human beings and the importance of the present life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the bea uty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wond ers. Thomas More, Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare are the b est representatives of the English humanists. The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimi lation.
一、填空题 1、（古希腊文学）和（希伯来文学）是欧洲文学的两大源流，文学史上称为“二希”传统。 2、欧洲古代文学包括（古希腊文学）和（古罗马文学）。 3、（古希腊）、（古罗马）是欧洲文明的发祥地。 4、公元前12世纪至公元前8世纪是古希腊从氏族公社制向奴隶制社会过度的时期，史称（“英雄时代”）、又称（“荷马时代”）。 5、（宙斯）是雷电神，（赫拉）是天后。 6、（波赛东）是海洋神，（得墨忒耳）是农神。 7、（阿波罗）是太阳神，（阿瑞斯）是战神， 8、赫淮斯托斯是（火神），（赫耳墨斯）是神使。 9、（雅典娜）是女战神，（阿佛洛狄忒）是爱神。 10、阿耳忒弥斯是（月神），（赫斯提亚）是家神。 11、英雄传说中的英雄都是神和人所生的后代，是（半神半人式）的英雄。 12、以某一英雄为中心，形成一个个传说系列，如俄狄浦斯传说系列，（赫拉克勒斯传说）系列，（奥德修斯传说）系列等等。 13、希腊神话的艺术特征主要有三点：1、（想象力极强）2、（故事性极强）3、（哲理性极强） 14、（柏拉图）称（萨福）为“第十位文艺女神”。 15、（《埃涅阿斯纪》）是欧洲文学史上第一部（文人）史诗。 16、流传至今的唯一一部完整的古希腊三连剧是（《俄瑞斯忒亚》），这个三部曲的基 本主题是反映（父权制）对母权制的斗争和胜利。 17、（埃斯库罗斯）被誉为“悲剧之父”。阿里斯托芬被誉为（“喜剧之父”）。 18、（教会文学）在中世纪欧洲文学史上长期占据统治地位，其文学题材大多取材于（《圣经》）。 19、（盎格鲁·撒克逊）人的（《贝奥武甫》）是流传迄今的欧洲最完整的一部史诗，共3100余行。 20、骑士抒情诗种类很多，其中以（《破晓歌》）最为有名。
美国文学史及选读试卷 Ⅰ.Each of the following statements below is followed by four alternatives. Choose the one that would best complete the statement. (60points in all, 2 for each) 1. Which of following can be said of the common features which are shared by the English and American Romanticists ? A. An increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions. B. An increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. An increasing emphasis on the desire to return to nature. D. both A and B. 2. Which of the following statements about the Romantic period in the history of American literature is NOT true? （） A. In most of the American writings of this period there was a new emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature. B. The writers of this period placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and displayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. C. There was a strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man. D. Most heroes and heroines in the writings of this period exhibited extremes of reason and nationality. 3.______ is unanimously agreed to be the summit of the American Romanticism in the history of American literature. A. New England Transcendentalism B. England Transcendentalism C. the Harlem Renaissance D. New Transcendentalism 4.Hawthorn e’s unique gift was for the creation of ______ which touch the deepest roots of man’s moral nature. A. symbolic stories B. romantic stories
III Multiple choice (20%) 1. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. When her poems were published in England, she became known as the “______” who appeared in America. A Ninth Muse B Tenth Muse C Best Muse D First Muse 2. ______ is the sometimes exaggerated use of local language, characters and customs in regional literature. A purple prose B waste-land imagery C local color D symbolism 3. The Fitzgeralds lived so extravagantly that they frequently spent more money than F. Scoot Fitzgerald earned for parties, liquor, entertaining their friends and traveling. It was this living style that nicknamed the decade of the 1920s as _______. A The Jazz Age B The Gilded Age C The Glorious Age D The Beat Age 4. ___________ was a reaction to the ideas of the Age of Reason and the Enlightenment. A Romanticism B Realism C Naturalism D Modernism 5. Although only few of her poems were published in her lifetime and a complete collection of them didn’t appear until the 1950’s, _____ had a major impact on 20th century poetry. A Anne Bradstreet B Gertrude Stein C Emily Dickinson D Amy Lowell 6. Who of the following is NOT a 20th century American poet? A Henry Wordsworth Longsfellow B Amy Lowell C Ezra Pound D Robert Frost 7. Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his ______. A International theme B Waste-land imagery C Local color
美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！ 我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！ 1.题型分析： 一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分） b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分） 经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出 单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。 大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。 经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。 经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下： a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。 ================================================ 4月14日]投机取巧教你过英美文学[压题篇] 本文是投机取巧过英美文学的最后一篇，收录北京市2004年4月10日英美文学考试的试题(除选择题外)，是我在北京自考论坛处网友处所得，特此对提供帮助的朋友表示感谢。 二、1、Thomas Gray：Elegy in the Country Churchyard的第一段 2、Yeats的Down by the sallen garden，考的是他俩站在河边，那个女孩*在他肩头，他觉得自己年轻懵懂，而且泪流满面。 3、Emyly Bronte的Whuthering Heights里面Hethcliff在他lover临死之前的那段表现，还问了narrator 是谁 4、Emlily Dikinson的I Heard a Fly Buzz--When I died，问那个blue Buzz是什么意思
国家开放大学电大专科《外国文学》2031-2032期末试题及答案（试卷号：2402） 盗传必究 一、填空题（共30分） （一）写出下列作品的作者（每空1分，共10分） 1．《罪与罚》陀思妥耶夫斯基 2．<进入黑夜的漫长旅程》奥尼尔 3．《巴巴拉少校》萧伯纳 4．《父与子》屠格涅夫 5．《变形记》卡夫卡 6．《美狄亚>欧里庇得斯 7．《达尔杜弗》莫里哀 8．《十日谈》薄伽丘 9．《少年维特的烦恼》歌德 10．<欧也妮·葛朗台》巴尔扎克 （二）综合填空（每空2分，共20分） 11．古希腊的文艺理论家主要有柏拉图、亚理士多德。 12．托马斯·莫尔的对话体幻想小说《乌托邦》是近代空想社会主义小说的开端。 13．法国古典主义悲剧的代表作家是高乃依和拉辛，他们的代表作分别是《熙德》和《安德罗马克》。 14．巴尔扎克90余部小说的总标题是《人间喜剧》。 15．高尔基自传体三部曲包括《童年》、《在人间》、《我的大学》。 16．《百年孤独》的作者加西亚·马尔克斯所属的文学流派是拉美魔幻现实主义 17．布莱希特的“叙事式戏剧”理论对20世纪戏剧理论作出了重要贡献。他的主要作品有《伽里略传》等。 二、简答题（每题15分，共45分） 18．简述批判现实主义文学的特征。 答：(1)力求真实地描绘现实，按生活的本来面貌反映现实，主张冷静地观察现实，客观地描写现实，注重细节的真实性。(4分) (2)作品具有强烈的批判精神。作家力图揭露资本主义社会的罪恶和弊病，因而被称之为“批判现实主义”。（4分） (3)注重创造典型环境中的典型性格。典型化原则是现实主义的真谛。（4分） (4)以资产阶级人道主义作为其创作的思想基础。（3分）
I. Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items. (10 x 1’= 10’) 1. In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____ was the dominant. 2. The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work named ____. 3. Which of the following is not the characteristic of American Romanticism? 4. The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.
5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___. 6.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___ and Thoreau. 7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”? 8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.
Literary terms这部分的答案均来自星火《英美文学》一书，质量高 1.Transcendentalism: is literature，philosophical and literary movement that flourished in New England from about 1836 to1860. It originated among a small group of intellectuals who were reaching against the orthodoxy of Calvinism and the rationalism of the Unitarian Church, their own faith centering on the divinity of humanity and the natural world instead. Transcendentalism derived some of its basic idealistic concepts from romantic German philosophy, and from such English authors as Carlyle，Coleridge, and Wordsworth. The ideas of transcendentalism were most eloquently expressed by Ralph Waldo Emerson in such essays as Nature and Self-Reliance and by Henry David Thoreau in his book Walden. 2.American naturalism：this term was created by Emile Zola. Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory played an important role in naturalism. In the works off naturalism，characters were conceived as complex combinations of inherited attributes and habits conditioned by social and economic forces. At the end of the 19th century，this pessimistic form of realism appeared in America. Naturalism attempted to achieve extreme objectivity and frankness. Characters in the works of naturalism were dominated by their environment and heredity. Naturalism emphasized：the world was around；men had no free will；religious “truth” were illusory；the destiny of human beings was misery in life and oblivion in death. The dominant figures in naturalism were Stephen crane，Frank Norris, Jack London and Theodore Dreiser. 3.The lost generation: included the young English and American expatriates as well as men and women caught in the war and cut from the old value and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. These writers adopted unconventional style of writing and reacted against the tendencies of the older writers in the 1920s. The term came from Gertrude Stein who said in Hemingway's presence that “you are all a lost generation.” 4.Jazz age: the novelist F. Scott Fitzgerald coined the term "Jazz Age" retroactively to refer to the decade after World War I and before the stock market crash in 1929, during which Americans embarked upon what he called "the gaudiest spree in history". Jazz Age is inextricably associated with the wealthy white "flappers" and socialites immortalized in Fitzgerald's fiction. 5.Free verse: is a poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure, instead, it uses the cadences of natural speech. While it alternates stressed and unstressed syllables as stricter verse forms do, free verse does so in a looser way. Whitman's poetry is an example of free verse at its most impressive. It has since been used by Ezra Pound, T.S. Eliot and other major American can poets of the 20th century. 6. The iceberg analogy: The Iceberg Theory is a writing theory by American writer Ernest Hemingway, as follows：if a writer of a prose knows enough about what he is writing about he may omit things that he knows and the reader，if the writer is writing truly enough, will have a feeling of those things as strongly as though the writer had stated them. 这部分来自星火的为：3,7,8, 来自课本为：1,4,9 来自网络为：2,5,6大家自取之 1.Poe's Poetic Ideas A.His conviction that the function of poetry is not to summarize and interpret earthly experience, but to create a mood in which the soul soars toward supernal beauty. B.He insists that poetry must be disembarrassed of that moral sense. C.Poe believes that the elevation of excitement of the soul should be “the poetic principle” thus poetry must concern itself only with “supernal beauty”. D.Poe defines poetry as “the rhythmical creation of beauty” a definition gi ving unexampled emphasis upon the importance of the rhythmical or musical element in poetry.
如对您有帮助，请购买打赏，谢谢您！ 美文学这门科目庞大之极，堪称英本自考之最。自己一个人看那么厚的一本书，不用说能不能看下来，能记住多少实在不好说！ 我在复习的时候，总结了一些规律，与大家分享，望对你有用，帮你顺利通过！ 1.题型分析： 一般来讲，肯定是这种类型：a.单项选择题（40道，40分）b.引文简析（无非就是问问作者是谁，出自哪个作品，主题意象什么的，4道，16分）c.简答题（4道，24分）d.论述题（无非就是分析加读后感，20分） 经验：你应该可以看出来了，重点当然是单选了，分数大，又好得分，实在不行还可以蒙。建议尽可能把书看一遍，但不要看作者生平，那肯定不会考。有个印象就可以了，不用去背，如果你汉语文学功底好，可以省去不少时间。 2.比例分析 据本人统计，历年来英美文学的国考试卷中英国文学占52%，美国文学占48%。（2003年4月例外，其中英国部分58%）其中，可以看出 单选题：前22题肯定为英国部分，其余为美国部分。 大题部分：基本上是一人一半，各占50% 经验：书上共652页，英国411页，美国241页。英国作家共38位，美国15位。其中，美国部分中，诗歌作品也比较少，比较好确认。结论：死学美国，顺带英国。 3.内容分析 历年命题的趋势逐渐由课文内容向选读作品转移，选读的比重越来越大。 经验：课文内容作到大体了解，但要特别重视作家艺术特色。选读部分加大力度，多注意书上的注释及选文大意和某些细节，尽量作到能用英语复述。实在不行，也至少作到能用汉语复述。 4.真题解析及预测 自学考试的一大特点就是重复率高，所以历年试题是必惫的复习材料，不可缺少。有人说：“一套真题等于3套模拟题！”这话绝对没错。所以要花大力气在上面。记得我考那回就有一道10分大题和前一年的一模一样。 注：马克吐温的《哈克贝里费恩历险记》的分析在2000~2002年中，连续考了三次。 经验：注意历年真题，尤其是去年的。去年的10分大题大致如下： a.《傲慢与偏见》中的三种婚姻 b.《白鲸》选文作品复述几分析象征意义。 ================================================ 4月14日]投机取巧教你过英美文学[压题篇] 本文是投机取巧过英美文学的最后一篇，收录北京市2004年4月10日英美文学考试的试题(除选择题外)，是我在北京自考论坛处网友处所得，特此对提供帮助的朋友表示感谢。 二、1、Thomas Gray：Elegy in the Country Churchyard的第一段 2、Yeats的Down by the sallen garden，考的是他俩站在河边，那个女孩*在他肩头，他觉得自己年轻懵懂，而且泪流满面。 3、Emyly Bronte的Whuthering Heights里面Hethcliff在他lover临死之前的那段表现，还问了narrator 是谁 4、Emlily Dikinson的I Heard a Fly Buzz--When I died，问那个blue Buzz是什么意思
1、拜伦式英雄：在拜伦的《东方叙事诗》中，出现了一批侠骨柔肠的硬汉，他们有海盗、异教徒、被放逐者，这些大都是高傲、孤独、倔强的叛逆者，他们与罪恶社会势不两立，孤军奋战与命运抗争，追求自由，最后总是以失败告终。拜伦通过他们的斗争表现出对社会不妥协的反抗精神，同时反映出自己的忧郁、孤独和彷徨的苦闷。由于这些形象具有作者本人的思想性格特征，因此被称作拜伦式英雄 2、大学才子派：在莎士比亚之前，“大学才子”是对当时活跃于英国戏剧界的一批青年知识分子的统称，以马洛为首、包括格林、基德、李雷在内的人文主义诗剧派别。他们大多受过教育，具有人文主义思想。精通西欧各国的文艺复兴文学，对戏剧颇有创新，他们的戏剧创作和演出活动为莎士比亚的出现奠定了基础。其中马洛是莎士比亚前英国戏剧界最重要的人物，也是英国文艺复兴戏剧的真正创始人。一：莎士比亚戏剧擅长用内心独白手法直接揭示人物的内心世界，使之从而发掘生活的自然真实面目推动剧情发展，为塑造出众多栩栩如生、个性鲜明的典型人物形象起了关键作用，并且剧作中的人物不是单一平面的形象，而是具有多面性复杂性人格。如《哈姆莱特》里的主人公哈姆莱特既是个脱离群众的封建王子，又是个满怀抱负的人文主义者。莎剧还善于在人物的对比中突出主人公性格，如哈姆莱特与霍拉旭同样都是人文主义者，但是遭遇不同、地位不同，霍拉旭理智冷静，哈姆莱特热情深沉，更加反衬出哈姆莱特精神世界的深刻性。 第二：莎士比亚戏剧打破了古希腊古罗马悲喜剧的严格界限，不受古典戏剧“三一律”的束缚，使得戏剧情节具有生动性和丰富性特
点，遵循现实主义的创作原则，反映错综复杂的社会画面，增强浓郁的现实生活气息，往往在剧本里特意设计和安排了两个以上的故事情节或平行发展或曲折交错，彼此对照互相补充。如莎剧《哈姆雷特》矛盾复杂，仅以复仇而言，就有三条线索：丹麦王子哈姆莱特为父复仇而展开的同封建王权的代麦克劳狄斯之间的惊心动魄的斗争，小福丁布拉斯和雷欧提斯为泄私愤、报私仇分别所进行的复仇盲举。其中，以前者为主线，后者为副线，副线从属于主线，推动主要情节的发展。 第三：莎翁戏剧人物人物都是活动在一定社会历史条件下的典型环境之中，即为典型的人物形象塑造典型环境，使得戏剧显示出特殊的社会内容和鲜明的时代色彩（典型的人物形象是指血肉饱满的人物形象，典型环境是指人物所处的广阔的社会背景）也就是我们通常所说的人物借舞台背景而生存行动，舞台背景依赖人物而洋溢生气活力。 第四：莎翁是语言大师，他的戏剧语言词汇丰富多彩，具有个性化、形象化的语言特点。据统计他剧中用到的词汇量达29000个，远远超过他同时代的其他作家，使之闻其声若见其人，博大、深刻、富于诗意，做到哲理性和抒情性的交融，从而描绘更加广阔五光十色的社会生活图景。 第五：莎翁戏剧坚持探索勇于创新，如莎翁剧本所写大部分虽是陈旧题材，但经改造创作，加工变革推陈出新，就变成带有深刻莎土比亚印记的作品，展现浓郁的时代风貌。另外莎翁认为戏剧创作必须正视现实面向人生，与时代保持密切的联系，这正是他长期坚持现实