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英语教学中的翻译技巧

英语教学中的翻译技巧
英语教学中的翻译技巧

英语教学中的翻译技巧

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[摘要]英语教学中,教师要注意在传授知识的同时,培养学生的一些技巧。本文主要强调在翻译过程中,译者应首先遵循“忠实,通顺”在此基础上根据具体译文的文体,内容,人物等特点,为增加译文的文采,就需要合适的措辞。

[关键词]翻译忠实通顺措辞

德国教育家巴斯多惠说:“教学的艺术不在于传授本领,而在于教会学生唤醒自己的学习能力,体会学习的魅力”在英语教学中,尤其是翻译学中,更能体现学习的魅力。这体现在:一方面,译文必须能够传达出作者的交际意图;另一方面,译文必须使读者领会到原文本的意境。要达到上述两点并不是很容易的事。美国著名翻译家尢金。奈达的论述可以说最著名。他指出,“翻译的主要矛盾,是形式对应与功能对应等的矛盾。”翻译中的“准确”不等于“严格形式上的准确。”要正确判断“准确”两字的含义,必须以译文读者和原文读者对所接受的信息能否做出基本一致的反映为依据。在翻译当中,若使译文“忠实,通顺”。并在此基础上增加文章的文采。所谓“忠实”就是翻译不是读者独立创作,翻译的任务就是把原作用另外一中语言表达出来。如果译文在内容上与原文不符,就不叫翻译。而且语言必须忠实与原文。“忠实”的目标对于翻译本来是不待证明的、天

然的要求,是千百年来翻译理论和实践一直围绕旋转的中心。然而近来似乎颇有人对此持怀疑甚至否定态度。《外国语》1998年第3期所载《从梦想到现实:对翻译学科的东张西望》一文可以作为一个典型的例子。文中引勒菲弗尔语曰:“忠实只不过是多种翻译策略里头的一种,是某种意识形态和某种文学观结合之下才导致的产物。把它捧为唯一一种可能的、甚至唯一一种可容许的策略,是不切实际的、徒劳无益的。”文章作者据此及其他一些类似论点得出结论:“忠于原文不是理所当然的、唯一的标准,世界上没有永恒不变的、绝对正确的标准。”作者在同文另一处对“忠实”的标准发出了—连串有趣的疑问:在我国占支配地位的标准,都把“忠实”放在第一位,却很少有人问过一句“为什么”?翻译为什么一定要追求(最大限度的)忠实?……译者另有目的、另有所好又怎样?社会现实不容许、不利于追求最大限度的忠实又怎样?不完全忠实的译文一定有害吗?要是不忠实的译文达到了目的,甚至达到了“好”的目的又怎样?可是,又为什么要强迫人家在两个极端之中选择一个——一端是百分之一百的忠实,另一端是零的忠实呢?译者为什么不能选择百分之七十、五十、三十的忠实呢?

这无疑是对翻译理论提出了一个至关重要的问题。对此本文无意正面做出回答,但却希望稍作探讨,从而达到认识翻译内部所蕴含深刻矛盾的第一步。

语言上忠实于原文是指在体裁,文风,作品的准确性,生动性,通顺程序等语言特点上忠实原作,并在此基础上增加文章的文采,这时

候措辞就显得非常重要了。本文试从“措辞”(chioce and use of words)七个方面浅谈翻译。

一、用词要多样化

虽然形容词和副词在句中起重要作用,但一般说来名词和动词在句中是最重要的。在翻译中,不要堆砌过多的形容词和副词。对于所谓的好词(fine words)不要轻易的使用更不要在一篇文章中出现好几次。用词该华丽时要华丽,该朴实时要朴实。译文时不要总是用同一个词汇或短语,如果用得太多,会使读者感到厌烦,因此用词要多样化。请看下面的翻译

“你喝了不到两盅酒,就叨叨叨,叨叨叨,你有个够没有?” “够?哼,我一肚的冤屈,一肚的火,我没个够!当初当爸爸的也不是没叫人伺候过。吃喝玩乐,我哪一样没讲究过!自从娶了你的妈,我是家败人亡,一天不如一天。一天不如一天,——”

“You get two or three drinks inside you and you are off.You have been gabbing on and on for half an hour now.Can’t you give it a rest?”

“Give it a rest?Not on your life!I have just about had a bellyful of her,and I amgoing to have my say.Oh, no.I have not finshed yet!It is not as if your ol d dad always been a servant:Lived like a lord and had a good time___only the best was good enough.But from the day I married your mother ,I started going to rack and ruin.Things have been going from bad

to worse. Yes,from bad to worse____”

不要逐字翻译。要把原文翻译的很生动,就不能一切逐字翻译,应在通读原作的基础上,包括一些细节在内,然后用丰富的想象力去进行翻译。在中文里,一词多义的现象也是很多的,我们要根据原作的精神和意图,体会其弦外之意,深入其境的深入到人物中去,有时可以直译,有时可以意译,有时可以直译和意译结合有时可以略去不译有时可以增添一些东西。

比如《红楼梦》中的冷笑,不同的冷笑,不同的场合,人物有不同的心情,译法也不应千篇一律。

二、用具体带性的词

要使译文生动吸引读者,就多用具体的,明确的,带有特殊性的词。如:正在下雾,不适合打猎。

The weather was misty and not fit for hunting。(如果译为:The weather was unfavorable,就不太合适了) "

三、夸张的用法

汉语的夸张应在不违背英语惯用的前提下尽可能译出来

他吃的很多,简直像头饿狮

He eats as much as a hungry lion

他的皮鞋有一吨重

His pair of leather shoes must weight a ton。

四、加字

译文中的人物对话称呼要符合人物的身份和当时的心情,口吻,所以措辞要准确,有时需要加字,不拘泥于原文字面。

Nobody could count on his restraint or rationality

译:谁也不能指望他会采取克制或讲道理的态度

他赞成为一切爱好和平和的国家改善关系而进行的努力。

He favored the efforts to improve relations with all peace-loving countries。

五、用重复的方法

在叙述一个故事时,我们有时可以用重复英文的方法来表达某一动作的时间之长,单调,从而表达人物着急或厌烦,激动等心情如:我们等啊,等啊,好像演员们永远不来了似的

We waited and waited ,but the actors ,it seemed ,never turned up。

我们走啊,喊呀,把嗓子都喊哑了

They shouted and shouted until they were hoarse。

六、减字

为了使生动的部分突出,为了突出书中的人物,可尽量压缩作者的叙述部分。

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黄山学院初等教育学院2008-2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。(请将答案写在序号前面)20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲,成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里,成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命,23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡,23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海,23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班,他不仅是头领,而且,也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑,是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用,而且,还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明,而且,工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说,澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道,澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道,某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布,出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布,过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布,出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明,过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍,使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车,你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车,你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车,你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车,你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务,这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位,需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.

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