2004年南京大学考博英语真题及详解
SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION(20%)
（略）
SECTIONⅡSTRUCTUREAND VOCABULARY(35%)
Part A
Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
31.Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent______.
A.it is the American antelope
C.being the American antelope
B.is the American antelope
D.the American antelope is
【答案】B
【解析】句意：这个大陆草地典型居住者是美洲羚羊。本句是倒装句结构。
32.In order to remain in existence______must,in the long run,produce something
consumers consider useful or desirable.
A.a profit-making organization
C.therefore a profit-making organization
B.a profit-making organization which
D.whichever a profit-making organization
【答案】A
【解析】句意：从长远来看，为了生存，一个赢利组织必须生产出消费者认为有用或者称心的东西。空白部分所填内容应在句中充当主语。
33.The regulation requires that everyone______the federal government in January
each year.
A.who held a non-immigrant visa reported his address to
B.who holds a non-immigrant visa reports his address to
C who holds a non-immigrant visa report his address to
D.who holding a non-immigrant visa report his address to
【答案】C
【解析】句意：规章要求持非移民签证的人每年1月向联邦政府报告他的地址。require that句型中需用虚拟语气，结构为(should)+do。
34.The greater the population there is in a locality,______for water,transportation,
and disposal of refuse.
A.the greater the need there is
C.is there great need
B.greater need
D.the more greater need
【答案】A
【解析】固定结构，the more…,the+比较级。
35.Economic goods may take the form______of material things or of services.
A.because
B.as
C.either
D.both
【答案】C
【解析】句意：经济产品以实物形式或以服务形式出现。either…or两者中的任何一个，表选择。
36.When____in arctic regions,they construct huts as temporary winter shelters.
A.travel
B.traveled
C.traveling
D.they traveled
【答案】A
【解析】省略句型，原句应为when they travel in arctic regions。
37.The extent of the harmful effect of locoweeds on animals depends on the soil
the plants grow.
A.which
B.on which
C.in which
D.that which
【答案】C
【解析】in which引导定语从句修饰the soil，原句正常语序为the plants grow in the soil。
38.The operetta first____as a popular form of musical theater in the nineteenth
century.
A.to emerge
B.emerging
C.had emerged
D.emerged
【答案】D
【解析】句意：19世纪小歌剧最初以流行音乐剧院形式出现。本句陈述过去发生事实，用一般过去式。
39.by transferring the blames to others is often called scapegoating.
A.Eliminate problems
C.Eliminating problems
B.The eliminated problems
D.Problems being eliminated
【答案】C
【解析】句意：通过把过失转移到别人身上解决问题的行为通常被称为“找替罪羊”。现在分词短语在句中做主语。
40.These compounds could not have formed if the chemical reaction____stopped.
A.has been
B.was
C.would have been
D.had been
【答案】D
【解析】句意：如果这些化学反应被终止的话，就不可能形成这些化合物。虚拟语气结构if had done,…could/would have done，表示对过去情况的虚拟。
Part B
Direction:In questions41-50,each sentence had four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked A,B,C,and D.Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must he changed in order for the sentence to be correct.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet.
41.Her musical career,unlike most people who played a musical instrument,did not end when
A B C D
she left college.
【答案】D
【解析】改为had not ended。发生在过去动作left之前，应用过去完成时。
42.Their mother allows them to ride their bicycles in the neighborhood;she does not,however,
A B C
let them to go out onto the busy street.
D
【答案】D
【解析】改为go out。let sb.do sth.。
43.Facing with a choice between seeking a position that offers special training or studying broad,
A B C
Joseph decided to further his study.
D
【答案】C
【解析】改为and。between…and…结构。
44.The mother was pleasantly surprised to see her son become stronger,healthier,
南京大学哲学系历年考博真题（2008—2013年） 考试科目名称及代码：中国哲学史（3305） 适用专业：中国哲学宗教学 2008年（中国哲学专业做A卷宗教学专业做B卷）A卷（每题25分，共100分） 1、孔子“仁”的思想内容及其评论 2、老子“道”的思想内容及其评论 3、王阳明“知行合一”说述评 4、试论程朱理学对先秦儒学的丰富和发展 B卷（每题25分，共100分） 1、荀子天人思想述评 2、孟子仁学思想述评 3、王充元气自然论述评 4、郭象“独化”论述评 2009年 1、试述墨子对孔子学说的批评，并给予评论（25分） 2、老子、庄子思想异同（25分） 3、张载“气本论”思想述评（25分） 4、试述中国传统哲学中的“天人合一”思想，并给予检讨（25 分）
1．孔子“仁爱”、老子“道爱”、墨子“兼爱”之比较（25分）2．魏晋玄学讨论的主要问题并给予评论（25分） 3．试述程朱“理本论”与陆王“心本论”异同（25分） 4．试述儒学哲学化历程并给予评论：以先秦儒学、宋明儒学、现代新儒学为例。（25分） 2011年 1、试论儒学人文主义思想及其特质。（25分） 2、《大学》主要思想内容述评。（25分） 3、王夫之“理势合一”论述评。（25分） 4、试述老子的“道”与宋明理学的“理”之异同。（25分） 2013年 1、 2、老子辩证法及其评论（25分） 3、中国佛学在中国哲学中的地位（25分） 4、张载《西铭》的主要思想述评（25分） 考试科目名称及代码：中国佛学（2294） 适用专业：中国哲学
论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、慧远“法性论”思想述评（25分） 二、天台宗“三谛圆融”思想述评（25分） 三、试从佛学与儒学两个方面论述佛儒交融的内在根据（25分） 四、试评析《维摩诘经》对现当代人间佛教的影响（25分） 2009年 论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、如何理解《心经》中所说的：“色不异空，空不异色；色即是 空，空即是色”？（25分） 二、竺道生佛性思想述评。（25分） 三、禅宗的中国化主要表现在哪些方面？（25分） 四、从王阳明的“本体工夫”看禅学对阳明学的影响。（25分） 2010年 论述题（每题25分，共100分） 一、华严“四法界”思想述评（25分） 二、慧能对传统佛教进行了哪些根本性改革？（25分） 三、佛教对中国传统思维模式的影响表现在哪些方面？（25分） 四、什么是佛教的“不二法门”？（25分）
北京大学考博英语模拟题14 Part ⅠVocabulary 1. The attack of the World Trade Center will leave a ______ impression on those who have witnessed the explosion. A.long B.forever https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba1577635.html,sting D.lively 答案：C [解答] 本题空格处是说留下持久的印记。long的意思是“长期的”；forever的意思是“永远”；lasting的意思是“持久的”；lively的意思是“活泼的，逼真的”。四个选项中只有C项符合题意。 2. The magician picked out several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A.by accident B.on average C.on occasion D.at random 答案：D by accident偶然的。on average平均的。on occasion有时。at random随意的。 3. British hopes of a gold medal in the Olympic Games suffered ______ yesterday, when Hunter failed to qualify during the preliminary heats. A.a sharp set-back B.severe set-back C.a severe blown-up D.sharp blown-up
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/ba1577635.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
南京大学社会学2001-2003考博试题 2001年试题 社会学理论与方法 一、简述题（每题8分，共40分） 1、简述马克斯.韦伯的理想类型 2、简述达伦多夫社会冲突理论 3、简述社会交换理论在人类学、经济学和心理学中的理论来源 4、简述布尔迪厄德“文化资本”理论 5、有关政府预算的一项社会调查想知道某市市民对政府在教育经费投入、交通建设经费 投入方面的意见。由于调查经费有限，甲研究人员把问卷发往全市各小学，然后通过学生 转到家长手中；乙研究人员从全市18岁以上成人中随机抽出调查对象，再用邮寄方式发放 问卷。请比较两种不同的调查方法，指出各自的长短。 二、论述题（每题15分，共45分） 1、论述唯名论和唯实论两种社会观 2、论述宏观社会学理论和微观社会学理论的区别 3、社会学的中国化应该如何借鉴西方社会学发展的历史教训？ 三、计算题（每题15分，共15分） 在一次对研究生考生的社会调查中，某地区所有考生的资料显示，该地区考生5门课程的总 分成绩近似服从正态分布。每个考生的平均分为320分，标准差为25.38，试求： （1）、从该地区中随机抽取一名考生，其总分超过340分的概率；（2）、如果抽取一个容量为9的随机样本，求其平均总分超过340分的概率 （3）、比较（1）和（2）的结果，请做出统计意义的解释；另外，如果总体不是正态，那 么（2）的答案将是什么？ （附：查表可知，Ф（Z<=0.79）=0.7851 Ф（Z<=0.78）=0.7823 Ф（Z<=2.36）=0.981）
2002年试题 社会学理论与方法 一、简述题（每题8分，共40分） 1、简述迪尔凯姆的社会事实及其特征 2、简述符号互动论中衣阿华学派和芝加哥学派的差异 3、简述米尔斯对美国中产阶级的论述 4、简述吉登斯的现代性制度“组织丛” 5、什么是操作化?它在社会研究中的作用是什么？ 二、论述题（每题15分，共45分） 1、论述库恩的范式思想及其对西方社会学理论的影响 2、科尔曼针对社会科学中普遍存在的缺陷——宏观理论和微观理论的联系脆弱，提出了 怎样的解决方法？是举例说明。 3、试比较调查研究和实地研究两种社会研究方式的特点。 三、计算提（每题15分，共15分） 对北京和南京两城市各随机抽取400名居民进行调查，结果发现，北京居民人均月收入为1 200元，标准差为180元；南京居民人均月收入为500元，标准差为80元。问： （1）、北京居民互相之间在收入上的差异，与南京居民相互之间在收入上的差异，哪一个 更大？ （2）、在95%的置信度下（Z=1.96），南京市居民平均月收入的置信区间是多少？ 2003 理论与方法 简答题 1、帕累托的剩余物与衍生物 2、齐美尔的社会类型 3、柯林斯的互动仪式 4、哈贝马斯的合法化危机 5、米德的精神、自我与社会的关系 6、分层抽样与整群抽样分别应用于什么情况下
北京大学考博英语真题常见句子翻译方法近期很多考生问关于条件状语从句的分析和翻译问题，在此，育明考博老师结合同学提出的两个典型问题为大家分析条件状语从句，并给出相应的参考译文。 一、问题：请分析并翻译：If you are part of the group which you are addressing,you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties. 解析：很多考生看到这样一句从横三、四行的长句会心生畏惧，对自己没有信心，自然也就无法理清这句中的各种枝节。拿到这样的一个句子，最主要的仍然是先把主干找到，然后再看其他部分和主干的关系。需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。 句子主干：you will be in a position to know the experiences and problems and it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties 主干是由两个并列的分句组成的，第一个分句是you will be in a position to know the experiences主系表结构，第二个分句是it’ll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairman’s notorious bad taste in ties形式主语+系表结构+不定式作真正的主语。
2003年南京大学考博英语真题及详解 SECTION I LISTENING COMPREHENSION（20%） （略） SECTION II STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY（35%） Part A Directions:Questions31-40are incomplete sentences.Beneath each sentence you will see four-words or phrases,marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Then blacken your answer in the corresponding space on your answer sheet. 31.This platform would collapse if all of us______on it. A.stand B.stood C.would stand D.had stood 【答案】B 【解析】一般现在时的虚拟语气结构，主句用would+动词，从句用一般过去式。 32.The young man who saw the car______into the river telephoned the police. A.plunged B.plunge
C.was plunging D.to plunge 【答案】B 【解析】see sth.do表示看到事物动作的整个过程，这里表示看见车陷入河里。 33.You can come with me to the museum this afternoon______you don’t mind walking for half an hour. A.unless B.so far as C.except D.if 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“如果你不介意走半个小时路的话，你今天下午就跟我一块去博物馆吧。” 可知为D，其余三项均不通。 34.We can rely on William to carry out this mission,for his judgment is always ______. A.inexplicable B.healthy C.sound D.straight 【答案】C
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need