2011年华南师范大学外文学院回忆篇
基础英语：(时间足够)
Part 1: passage 1:10个选择题，每题一分。一个简答题5分。阅读不长。
共40分passage 2: 10个选择题，每题一分，一个简答题5分，简答题是：本文是什么题材？narration, discription,expositon? why?
passage 3:5个选择题每题一分，一个简答题5分，阅读不长。
part2：完形填空：section1:20个，每题一分，
35分section2:选词填空，变换词形等，20个选15个。
part3: 改错：18个错误，35分。每句话都很短，内容是关于瑜伽的。不难
part4 文化：第一部分选择题：10个，每题一分。第一题是：美国的民主党的代表物是啥？不是驴就是象。
谁第一个从纽约到哪个地方的发电报
stowe（全名不记得了）写的什么小说？
谁实施的NEW DEAL?
KOREA WAR 时期美国总统是谁？
水门事件的总统是谁？
美国五角大楼代表美国的：国防？议会？最高法院？
美国哪个部分有权宣布战争？总统？议会？副总统?最高法院？
美国冷战的标志：Truman Doctrine
还有1个想不起来了。
第二部分：填空10分。7题10个空。1:THE ___period is the golden period of the realistic noveal,represented by Jane Austin. 夏洛特三姐妹中一个名字填空
2. 什么English airways 。。。。又称大轮子啥的，2000年首次运行。。
3.英国有：保守党、liberal democrats,__三大党
4：一个关于发明的。不记得
5.关于音乐的。
6.达尔文进化论，啥理论的。。
7. Britain’s Public School (Eton and Winchester)
第三部分：简答题5个20分。回答越详细is preferred.
1.美国老师和英国同事争论一个论题，美国老师想转移话题，说了一句：let's table this issue for a while.(原话不记得了) 结果出乎其意料，其英国同事继续讨
论这个问题。问：is the english colleague really inconsiderate?
2.你完成了一个deal，高兴滴对自己做出了这样的手势：手掌面向自己，做出V——胜利的姿势，结果英国朋友很是诧异，你做错了什么了吗？
3.你周六闲逛到美国朋友家附近，就stop by.结果，朋友一脸诧异滴问：what are you doing here? 也没有邀请进屋的意思，你就纳闷了：不是经常说:在附近的话到我家stop by 一下吗？
4.你刚刚得知妈妈生病了，you go to work and your american friend asky you: how are you? what would you say?
5.what is "Scottish Play"? what is "Boxing Day"?
翻译与写作：（时间马马虎虎）
1.40分
Working Together
The 2009 theme for International Translation Day invites translators around the world to take a fresh look at why and how it pays to join forces. The days of the fiercely solitary translator working in splendid isolation are numbered, say
many industry observers. Not that massive collectivization is in sight: in this language ---or, more accurately, this profession,a large share of added value remains intensely personal.
But technology and changing markets have broken down barriers. Today translators from around the globe can plug into a truly worldwide conversation that casts new light on traditional ways of working--and creates new opportunities. Even as the arrival of more demanding clients, more complex projects and tighter deadlines underscores the advantages of exchanging ideas, information and best practices.
2，40分。寂寞需要时间,也需要心情.面对生活节奏越来越快的现代人,寂寞似乎少有藏身之地.但是,寂寞却是认识自我,凸显个性的必不可少的前提.不过,寂寞如酒,在长时间的封存和孤独中,不但没有消失他原有的火一般的烈性,反而更增添了几分幽幽的抑或是浓郁的芳香.它是人们心灵中的一粒种子,在被世俗的喧哗和骚动所忽视,所苛求下,艰难而又坚强地,痛苦而又愉悦地孕育着生命的辉煌。
（It takes much time and right mood to be solitary .Confrounted with the increasingly rapid pace of life,modern life seem to have less and less privacy.However,to be private is the indispensable prerequsite to recognize oneself deeply and bring out his
personality.solitude is like wine;In the long time shorage and being solitude it doesnot lose its firey character,instead it acquires some kind of aroma,subtle or pervasive.
It is vigorous seed in the depth of ones'soul,although neglected by the earthly noise and terburance.It still breeds glory of life,arduous but determate,painful but happy.网上找到的翻译）
3.写作：70分。make a comment on the following .
there is a viewpoint that words should be used with care and accuracy.
however,there is an alternative viewpoint that we cannot give an assigned meanning of the words owning to the concepts with vague boundaries and fuzzy ...大致意思
是的。。没说写多少字。
日语：（时间大量盈余）
1. 15分。15题。根据日语的汉字选假名。好像都是初级的。电车呀，上课呀，9点，
2，15分，15题。根据假名选汉字，头，痛，等，好像都是初级的，很基本的词汇貌似。
3. 4.5.就是语法题，选词题啥的，每题一分。其中那些动词的各种形式se ,la le,等考了好几题，一题敬语题。
6.句意情景题，5个10分。
7.翻译:5题，15分。汉翻日:1：我每天早晨在家吃早饭。
2. 我想明年和妹妹一起去东京旅游。
3.这里的冬天又下雪，又冷，很难度过。
4.从北京到东京乘飞机大约要三个小时，很方便。
5.车站里可以打电话，不能吸烟。8.阅读理解2篇5个选择题，共10分。
本来不想掺杂啥感情滴，最后还是特别感谢10届的d i a n d i a n学长，对于一些问题给与了详细的解答，属于热心中热心滴人。
虽然鄙人最后没有坚持到最后好好看书吧。。。面壁中。。汗一个
但还是要发扬华师外文传承滴精神！嘎嘎。。虽然今年是没机会上了吧。。。
我先补一点点楼吧。
基础英语：
Part 1:
passage 1:10个选择题，每题一分。一个简答题5分，问题：Does the author 。内容：About a book’s introduction (the author lists European philosophers’ views on the items of history, historical consciousness and historical knowledge in the 19th century and 20th century.
共40分passage 2: 10个选择题，每题一分，一个简答题5分，内容：UN’s report about some countries’ unbalanced development between big cities and rural areas.(cite US, China, and India as examples)
简答题是：本文是什么题材？narration, description, exposition? why?
passage 3: 5个选择题每题一分，一个简答题5分，阅读不长. 内容：Nowadays, American people’s sleeping time become less and the author urges people to keep enough sleep and put forward his suggestions.
问答题题目：Are the Internet, electric light, and cable TV favorable occurrences? How does the author relate them to the contents?(大意吧)
12月13日
Solitude
My former high school classmate told me the other day, " 只要耐得住寂寞，就能成功", and i have just done one exercise, in which Prof. Ju's rendering has just echoed hers. So here i choose this article to give myself some consolation.
It takes much time and the right mood to be solitary. Confronted withthe increasingly-rapid pace of life, people today seem to have less and less privacy. But to be private is the indispensable prerequisite for deepening the understanding of oneself and bringing out one's personlity. Like wine having been stored away in a cellar for a long time, solitariness will not lose her fiery character; on the contrary, she will acquire more subtleness of taste or pervasiveness of aroma. She is a viable seed buried deep in the depth of one's
soul. Although disregarded by the noisy and turbulent world, and although subjected to various rigours, the seed developand embark on a life of glory, arduous but determined, painful but happy.
寂寞需要时间，也需要心情。面对生活节奏越来越快的现代人，寂寞似乎少有藏身之地。但是，寂寞却是深刻认识自我，凸现个性必不可少的前提。不过，寂寞如酒，在长时间的封存和孤独中，不但没有消失它原有的火一般的烈性，反而更增添了几分幽幽的抑或是浓郁的芳香。它使人们心灵中的一粒生命力旺盛的种子，在被世俗的喧哗和骚动所忽视、所苛求之下，艰难而又坚强地、痛苦而又愉悦地孕育着生命的辉煌。
Both the E rending and the original C assage are graceful, especially the former one. i think the meaning 寂寞here should be well suited to her implication.
Notes
原文共四句话，读来却津津有味。两个比喻、几个漂亮的句子。翻时宜吃透全文、把握整体后才选字择词，组句造段。Difficult points have been colorred RED.
1寂寞be private or solitude
2现代人people today, not modern people 摩登人
3不过寂寞如酒用she(her)拟人化
Lexicon
solitary
adj.（形容词）
1 Existing, living, or going without others; alone:
a solitary traveler.
2 Happening, done, or made alone:
a solitary evening; solitary pursuits such as reading and sewing.
3 Remote from civilization; secluded:
隐居的：远离文明社会的；隐居的：
a solitary retreat.
隐居处
4 Having no companions; lonesome or lonely.
寂寞的：没有陪伴的；单独的或孤寂的
5 Zoology Living alone or in pairs only:
【动物学】独居的：单独生活的或成双生活的：
solitary wasps; solitary sparrows.
独居的蔓蜂；独居的麻雀
6 Single and set apart from others:
唯一的，与其他分开的：
a solitary instance of cowardice.
懦弱的唯一例子
pervasive
adj.（形容词）
Having the quality or tendency to pervade or permeate:
弥漫性的，渗透性的：具有弥漫或渗透的性质或倾向的：
the pervasive odor of garlic.
弥漫着蒜味
turbulent
adj.（形容词）
1 Violently agitated or disturbed; tumultuous:
骚动的，动荡的：剧烈扰乱或激化的；处于骚乱状态的，汹涌的：
turbulent rapids.
汹涌的急流
2 Having a chaotic or restless character or tendency:
动荡的，骚乱的：引起大动荡或混乱的；倾向于骚乱的：
a turbulent period in history.
历史上的动荡时期
3 Causing unrest or disturbance; unruly:
有扰乱、骚动作用的，引起骚动的；难控制的：
turbulent, revolutionary undercurrents.
骚动的、革命的暗流
viable
adj.（形容词）
1 Capable of living, developing, or germinating under favorable conditions. 能居的：在良好的状态下能够存活、发展或发芽的
2 Capable of living outside the uterus. Used of a fetus or newborn.
能生存的：在子宫外能存活的。用于胎儿或者新生儿
3 Capable of success or continuing effectiveness; practicable:
可行的：可望成功的或有持续效果的；切实可行的：
a viable plan; a viable national economy.
可行的计划；可望成功的国家经济
ar.du.ous
adj.（形容词）
1 Demanding great effort or labor; difficult:
艰巨的：需要很大努力或工作的；困难的：
“the a rduous work of preparing a Dictionary of the English Language”(Macaulay)
“制作一本英语语言词典的艰巨工作”(麦考利)
2 Testing severely the powers of endurance; strenuous:
艰难的：忍耐力的严格考验的；艰苦的：
a long, arduous, and exhausting war.
一次长期、艰难而疲惫不堪的战争
考研英语真题 2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as ―a bodily exercise precious to health.‖ But 1 some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does. 6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7. Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth – thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 1.[A] among [B] except [C] despite [D] like 2.[A] reflect [B] demand [C] indicate [D] produce 3.[A] stabilizing [B] boosting [C] impairing [D] determining 4.[A]transmit [B] sustain [C] evaluate [D] observe 5.[A] measurable[B] manageable [C] affordable [D] renewable 6.[A]In turn [B] In fact [C] In addition [D] In brief 7.[A] opposite [B] impossible [C] average [D] expected 8.[A] hardens [B] weakens [C] tightens [D] relaxes 9.[A] aggravate [B] generate [C] moderate [D] enhance 10.[A] physical [B] mental [C] subconscious [D] internal
2011年考研英语二小作文真题： suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admited to a university write him/her a letter to: (1)Congratulate him/her,and (2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life you should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter,Use "zhangwe 2011年考研英语二小作文范文： Dear friend, I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life. In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life. Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life. Sincerely yours, Zhang Wei
2011年考研英语写作特色词汇大全一、中华民族的喜庆节日(Chinese Festivial) 国庆节National Day 中秋节Mia-Autumn Festival 春节Spring Festival 元宵节Lantern Festival 儿童节Children ‘ Day 端午节Dragon Boat Festival 妇女节Women's Day 泼水节Water-Splashing Day 教师节Teachers' Day 五四青年节Youth Day 二、中国独特的传统饮食(Un ique Traditio nal Ch in ese Foods) 馄饨wonton 锅贴guotie (fried jiaozi) 花卷steamed twisted rolls 套餐set meal 盒饭box lunch; Chinese take-away 米豆腐rice tofu 魔芋豆腐konjak tofu 米粉rice noodles 冰糖葫芦 a stick of sugar-coated haws (or apples, etc.)
火锅chafing dish 丿八宝饭eight-treasure rice pudding 粉丝glass noodles 豆腐脑jellied bean curd 三、中国新兴事物(Newly Sprouted Things) 中国电信Chi na Telecom 中国移动China Mobile 十五计划the 10th Five-Year Plan 中国电脑联网Chinanet 三峡工程the Three Gorges Project 希望工程Project Hope 京九铁路Beiji ng -Kowloo n Railway 扶贫工程Anti-Poverty Project 菜篮子工程Vegetable Basket Project 温饱工程Decent-Life Project 安居工程Economy Housing Project 扫黄Porn-Purging Campaign 西部大开发Go-West Campaign 四、具有文化特色的现代表述 大陆中国Mainland China 红宝书little red book 红色中国socialist China 四化Four Modernizations
2011年考研英语(二)考试真题及参考答案完型填空试题： "The Internet affords anonymity to its users—a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has1across the Web. Can privacy be preserved2bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly3? Last month,Howard Schmidt,the nation’s cyberczar,offered the Obama government a 4to make the Web a safer place—a“voluntary identify”system that would be the high-tech 5of a physical key,fingerprint and a photo ID card,all rolled6one.The system might use a smart identity card,or a digital credential7to a specific computer,and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to8a federation of private online identify https://www.doczj.com/doc/bd3709240.html,ers could9which system to join,and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems.The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license10by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on”systems that make it possible for users to11just once but use many different services. 12,the approach would create a“walled garden”in safe“neighborhoods”and bright “streetlights”to establish a sense of community. Mr.Schmidt described it as a“voluntary ecosystem”in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with14,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs15.'" Still,the administration’s plan has16privacy rights activists.Some applaud the approach;others are concerned.It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would17be a license”mentality.
精心整理2011年考研英语(一)阅读真题全文翻译及答案（七绝俗手版） 2011-01-16 21-25CBDBA Text1 ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthet alkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Fort
hemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!Atlast!”wroteAnthonyTo mmasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic。 2009年纽约交响乐团突然宣布聘用艾伦·吉尔伯特为下一位乐曲指挥，从那时起一直到现在，这次任命都成为古典音乐界的话题。退一步说，从总体上看，反应还是不错的。如冷静的古典音乐评论家安东尼·托姆西尼就这样写：从长时间来看，这次委命是英明的。 ,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes。 就我的观点而言，我不知道吉尔伯特是不是一位伟大的指挥家，甚至连他是不是算好的指挥家也不敢确定。可以确信的是，虽然他演出了很多令人印象深刻的有趣的乐曲。然而，我不需要访问AveryFisherHall（可能是纽约交响乐团所在地，即吉尔伯特表演之所），或者其他地方才能听到有趣的管弦乐。（作者意思是，不需要听吉尔伯特，到处可以听到有趣的管弦乐。）我所做的，只需要到我的CD棚里去，随便打开我的电脑，从ITUNES上就可下载比那（当指吉尔伯特表演的）多得多的类似的音乐。
2011（一） 完形 - 笑与情绪 Part1 单词 1、impair v.损害；削弱 2、sacrifice n.牺牲 3、determine v.查明，主语（?人或调查） 决定，主语（某原因） 4、manageable a.可操纵的；可处理理的 5、renewable a.可再?生的；可延?长有效期的 6、decrease v.降低 increase v.增?长 7、varnish n.清漆 8、apparently ad.似乎（显然地） 9、tone n.[僻]肌?肉结实 10、asthma n.哮喘 11、subconscious a.潜意识的 12、internal a.体内的，内?心的 13、exhaust v.筋疲?力力尽（+?人） （+物，耗尽）
14、suppress v.抑制 15、jockey n.?马骑师 16、contract v.[僻]收缩（使动） Part2 短语 1、despite sth. to the contrary 尽管有...与此相反 claim / evidence / idea / advice statement 2、the way = as 引导?方式状语从句句 eg. the way walking does 就像散步?一样 3、in turn 轮流：强调顺序 相应地：强调因果关系 eg. Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose. 利利率下降，相应地，股票就上涨了了。 4、die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐平息 5、draw nearer the point of ... 近乎(做某事) 6、up to 胜任，取决于，多达 7、as for ?至于，关于 = as to 8、not + v. +because 否定转移 9、turn to 求助于；使?用新东?西 eg. Many people here are turning to solar power. 这的?人都开始使?用太阳能。 10、the other way around 相反地
2011考研英语真题及答案(免费下载) D
stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state. ______one classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted _______ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also _______ tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow _____ muscular responses.In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2011年阅读Text 3（上） 这是一篇经济类文章，主要内容是市场宣传的作用和效果以及各种不同宣传手段之间的相互作用和影响。文章内容比较贴近现实，易于理解，其中的词汇也是基础词汇比较多，接下来老师就为大家总结了其中的20个重点和高频词汇，希望对大家的词汇复习有所帮助。 1. 17television ['telivi??n] n. 电视，电视节目，电视机 【词根记忆】：tele (远)+ vis(看)+ ion(名词后缀)→能看到远处的东西→电视机 【真题例句】：Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution. 另外，欧共体的形成将迫使电视公司在制作和发行方面更密切地合作。(2005年翻译) 2. 10advertisement [,?dv?'ta?zm?nt] n. 1. 广告，公告，启事 2. 广告活动，宣传 【词根记忆】：advertise(做广告)+ment(名词后缀)→1. 广告，公告，启事 【短语搭配】：commercial advertisement 商业广告 【真题例句】：While traditional “paid”media—such as television commercials and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. 虽然像电视商业和纸质广告这些付费媒体依然起主要作用，但是如今的公司能够利用更多媒体选择。(2011年阅读Text 3) 3. 16purchase ['p?t??s] v. 买,购买n. 购买的物品 【词根记忆】：pur-(向前)+chase(追赶)→向前追赶潮流→purchase购物 【短语搭配】：purchase price买价，进货价格 purchase order订购单，采购订单 【真题例句】：The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing’s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. 如今消费者作出购买决定的过程表明，市场营销的影响力来自传统付费媒介之外广泛因素。(2011年阅读Text 3) 4. 7boycott ['b??kɑt] n./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与 【联想记忆】：boycott实际上是爱尔兰一个地主的名字，他对待佣人和佃户苛刻，最后遭到大家集体抵制他的农产品。 【真题例句】：If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. 如果那种事情一旦发生，激动的消费者会尽力劝服他人共同抵制产品，从而危及目标企业的声誉。(2011年阅读Text3) 5. 11promote[pr?'mot] vt.1.促进，增进，发扬 2.提升，提拔3.宣传，推销(商品等)
2011年考研英语(一)真题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered b lank and mark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points) Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as“a bodily exerci se precious to health.”But_____some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical filness Laughter does_____short-t erm changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels,____heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to__ __,a good laugh is unlikely to have_____benefits the way,say,walking or jogging does. ____,instead of straining muscles to build them,as exercise does,la ughter apparently accomplishes the____,studies dating back to the1930’s indicate that laughter.muscles, Such bodily reaction might conceivably help____the effects of psycholo gical stress.Anyway,the act of laughing probably does produce other types of______feedback,that improve an individual’s emotional state.______on e classical theory of emotion,our feelings are partially rooted_______phy sical reactions.It was argued at the end of the19th century that humans do not cry______they are sad but they become sad when te tears begin to flow. Although sadness also_______tears,evidence suggests that emotions can flow_____muscular responses.In an experiment published in1988,s ocial psychologist Fritz. 1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like 2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce 3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining 4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe 5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable 6．[A]In turn[B]In fact[C]In addition[D]In brief 7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected 8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes 9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance 10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal 11．[A]Except for[B]According to[C]Due to[D]As for 12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at 13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because
2011年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A，B，C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) The Internet affords anonymity to its users，a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ？ Last month，Howard Schmidt，the nation's cyber-czar，offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place-a "voluntary trusted identity" system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key，a fingerprint and a photo ID card，all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card，or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join，and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver's license 10 by the government. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these"single sign-on" systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 .the approach would create a "walled garden" n cyberspace，with safe "neighborhoods" and bright "streetlights" to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a "voluntary ecosystem" in which "individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ，trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs". Still，the administration's plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach；others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet "drive's license" mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some computer security experts，who worry that the "voluntary ecosystem" envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves，in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads. 1． A.swept B.skipped C.walked D.ridden 2． A.for B.within C.while D.though
2009年Part C There is a marked difference between the education which every one gets from living with others, and the deliberate educating of the young. In the former case the education is incidental; it is natural and important, but it is not the express reason of the association.46it may be said that the measure of the worth of any social institution is its effect in enlarging and improving experience; but this effect is not a part of its original motive（原动机）. Religious associations began, for example, in the desire to secure the favor of overruling powers and to ward off evil influences; family life in the desire to gratify appetites and secure family perpetuity; systematic labor, for the most part, because of enslavement to others, etc. 47Only gradually was the by-product of the institution noted, and only more gradually still was this effect considered as a directive factor in the conduct of the institution. Even today, in our industrial life, apart from certain values of industriousness and thrift, the intellectual and emotional reaction of the forms of human association under which the world's work is carried on receives little attention as compared with physical output. But in dealing with the young, the fact of association itself as an immediate human fact, gains in importance.48 while it is easy to ignore in our contact with them the effect of our acts upon their disposition（性格）, it is not as easy as in dealing with adults. The need of training is too evident; the pressure to accomplish a change in their attitude and habits is too urgent to leave these consequences wholly out of account. 49Since our chief business with them is to enable them to share in a common life we cannot help considering whether or no we are forming the powers which will secure this ability.If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every institution is its distinctively human effect we may well believe that this lesson has been learned largely through dealings with the young. 50 We are thus led to distinguish, within the broad educational process which we have been so far considering, a more formal kind of education -- that of direct tuition or schooling. In undeveloped social groups, we find very little formal teaching and training. These groups mainly rely for instilling needed dispositions into the young upon the same sort of association which keeps the adults loyal to their group. 46．尽管人们可以这样说，对任何一个社会制度价值的衡量就是其在增长和丰富经验方面所产生的影响，但是这种影响并不是其最初（原来）动机的一部分。 47. 这个制度的副产品仅仅是为人们所逐步注意到，而在实施这种制度时，认为这 种影响是一个制约因素则仍然更为缓慢。
考研英语（一）高频重点单词详解—2011 年新题型（上） 这是一篇社会教育类文章，本文是关于《思想市场：美国大学的改革与抵制》一书的书评。文章结构是问题解决型，按照“提出问题——分析问题——提出建议”的步骤展开论述。第一、二段引入人文学科在大学中陷入的奇怪困境，第三、四段分析论述原因在于大学人文学科知识和人才的专业化，第五、六段分析影响是人文学科人才处于困境。末段提出建议：改变人文学科人才的培养方式，培养起更广阔的学术视野。以下是本文中出现的10个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！ 1. 22discipline ['d?s?pl?n] n. 学科;纪律;训练;惩罚vt. 训练，训导;惩戒 【词根记忆】：dis-(前缀：否定前缀)+cip(词根：拿)+line(线)→站成一条线不许拿→纪律;学科→训练，训导;惩戒 【短语搭配】：financial discipline 财政纪律; 财务约束; 财务束缚; 财务纪律 【真题例句】：So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge. 所以，各个学科需要的不仅仅是对知识生产的垄断，还有对知识生产者的产出的垄断。(2011年新题型) 2. 2professionalism [pr?'fe?(?)n(?)l?z(?)m] n. 专业主义;专家的地位;特性或方法 【词根记忆】：pro(向前)+fess(说)+sion(名词)+al(形容词)+ism(……主义)→专业主义;专家的地位 【真题例句】No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. 没有哪个学科像人文学科那样狂热地看重职业化。(2011年新题型) 3.1professionalize [?d??st?f?'ke??n] vi. 专业化;职业化vt. 使…专业化;使…专业化 【词根记忆】：pro(向前)+fess(说)+sion(名词)+al(形容词)+ize(使……化)→使…专业化;使…专业化 【短语搭配】：to professionalize the teacher 使教师专业化 【真题例句】Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalized the professor. 美国知名大学通过这种学科的分离不仅使学科更专业化，而且使教授也更专业化了。(2011年新题型) 4. 5enthusiasm [?n'θuz??z?m] n. 热心，热忱，热情 【词根记忆】：en-(前缀：使动)+thus(音变自Zeus,古希腊神)iasm(名词后缀)→神让我们产生的积极崇拜的情绪→狂热 【真题例句】No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. 没有哪个学科像人文学科那样狂热地看重职业化。(2011年新题型) 5. 17humanities [hj?'m?n?t?z?k't?v?t?]