大/ 多的: a great/enormous/tremendous (effort), an incredible/ tremendous amount of
interest(devotion)
持久的：continuous/persistent/sustained effort 重要的：be essential/
important/indispensable/basic/vital to 追求：aspire after(to), hunt for, desire for, seek, pursue, in pursuit of, push for, ward for, go after, run after, aim for, contrive to
大多数： a (vast/overwhelming ) majority of, a sizable percentage of, a considerable proportion of 许多：a multitude/host of difficulties/problems, the bulk of time/work, the vast body of knowledge 学生：students, school leavers, graduates, boys and girls, college population, classmates 教师：faculty, instructors, teachers, professors 大学：Universities, colleges, campus, institutions
孩子：children, offspring, sons and daughters, babies, infants, teenagers
人类：man, humans, human beings, mankind, humanity
工作：jobs, work, careers, employment, occupations, professions 公司企业：business, company, venture, enterprise, cooperation, organization 成就：achievement, accomplishment, success, be successful 方法：strategies, techniques, ways, means, approaches, methods 优点: merits, advantages, strengths 缺点：faults, defects, shortcomings, weaknesses, disadvantages 社会：society, realities, the outside world 打工take a part-time job, work part-time 获得成功：
achieve/accomplish success, get somewhere 使：make, leave sb. employed/paralyzed, render sth. impossible/ unable to, allow sb. to do sth. 缺少：Lack/absence/shortage of 足够：sufficient, adequate, enough 努力：do one's best, do everything possible, go to great lengths, spare no effort, make an effort, take pains 重视强调：pay attention to, pay much heed to, attach/assign much importance to, place great emphasis/stress/value on, put a premium on 过分强调：over-emphasize, overstress 忽视: overlook, ignore, disregard, neglect 迷惑，困惑：confuse, bewilder, perplex, baffle, puzzle 实现梦想：fulfill/realize, dreams, dreams come true, turn dream into reality 超越：go beyond, transcend 表明、显示：show, demonstrate, display, indicate, suggest, reveal, exhibit 能力：capacity, ability, competence, talent, potential, capable of, be able to 越来越：be increasingly, be on the rise, the growing number of, the number is increasing 处理：deal with, cope with, handle, tackle, treat, address,
奋斗：struggle/fight/strive for
难以区分：difficult to discriminate/differentiate between, draw distinction between, set/tell them apart 人们普遍认为：it is generally/widely believed/held/agreed that/accepted that 持传统的看法：hold conventional wisdom, take traditional/opposite/ view 发表看法：voice/express one's opinion
引起人们的注意：claim/call/attract general/public attention to sth. 意识到：there is a growing awareness /realization of that/ Awaken sb. to the fact/danger, come to realize
把什么看做：see … as, th ink of …as …,view …as …,regard …as …，conceive of …as..., consider …as…,perceive…as… 适应新的形势变化：adapt/adjust/accommodate oneself to new environment/change 导致造成：lead to/contribute to, cause, give rise to, be responsible for
说至U： when it comes to, as to, as for, when asked for, when asked about, as/so far as…is concerned 接触：be exposed to new ideas/ experiences/problems, come into frequent/close contact with the world/society, keep in touch with 提出观点，建议：advance/put forward/come up with arguments/ideas/suggestions 灌输思想：indoctrinate ,imbue sb. with idea, inculcate sth. Our football coach has worked hard to inculcate a team spirit in/into the players.
影响学习工作：interfere with studies/work, disturb rest
对事件人生等造成影响：have/exert a profound influence on life/personality, have a dramatic/undesirable effect on, influence, affect 影响思想，态度，事件的形成：shape
one'sthinking/attitude
剥夺机会，权利：deprive/rob/strip oneself of the change/right/opportunity, be denied the chance 取代旧的方式:substitute for, take the place of, replace with, a substitute 采取措施;take effective measures/ steps, take action 控制我们的环境：take/gain control over, bring sth. under control 躲避危险、挑战：shy/run away from the dangers/challenges 满足要求：meet/satisfy/accommodate the demand of 补偿损失：compensate for/make up for the loss/damage 解释某现象：account for, explain, give an explanation to 对什么很好的了解：have a better understanding, have a full appreciation of , have a new perspective on, have a good knowledge of, provide/gain an insight into
把某因素考虑进去: take sth. into account(consideration), give much thought to 品味人生，自由青春; savor the life/freedom/ youth 培养对什么的信心: develop、foster one's interest/confidence in 经历变化，苦难，艰险：Undergo/experience great changes.hardships/experience 表现出自信心:show/ project one 's confidence/feeling 学习知识，技术：pursue/acquire knowledge, learn, study 被看做学习的榜眼，be held up as an good example 交流经验，知识share
experience/ideas/problems/knowledge 发挥起至重要作用play a(an ) important/active/great role/part 逃学，逃课skip school/a class/ a meeting/ a lecture 知识经验丰富：rich in knowledge/experience 确立追求目标：set/pursue a goal/ higher standard 达至目标：achieve/accomplish/attain the
goal/aim/objective 克服困难：overcome obstacles/difficulties 增加：enjoy/experience the increase in, there is a big increase in, increase 面临危险苦难：be confronted/faced with/ in the face of danger/ difficulty
阻碍了成功：stand in the way of success, be an obstacle/ barrier to success/growth,
hamper/impede/stunt the development of 求得帮助：enlist one's support/help 缩小差别：
bridge/narrow/fill the gap/gulf between city and country 把成功(错误归于) ：attribute/ owe/ascribe the success(failure)to 对什么重要：be indispensable/important/vital to, what really counts/matters
施加压力：put/exert an academic pressure on 把注意力集中在：focus/concentrate one's
attention/efforts/ thoughts upon/on
提供、给予：Provide/offer/furnish an opportunity/information for sb. give, grant, offer 抓住机会：grab/seize/take the opportunity 得到机会:enjoy/gain access to an opoortunity/information 有可
能;there is (little/much) possibility/likelihood that/ chances/ the odds are that, stand a good chance of 展开竞争：Compete against/with sb. for the prize/position/control/the mastery of 开展运动：conduct/carry on/undertake/initiate/launch/wage a (vigorous/nation wide/publicity/advertising) campaign (for/against) 对我很有、没有什么意义：make much/little sense to me 带来无穷的幸福，满足：be a source of happiness/satisfaction/contentment/pride/complaint 献身于：
devote/dedicate/commit oneself to a course/career 很重要、不大重要：make much/a bit/little/no difference 改变生活旅程：change/ alter the course of life 建立在大量的学习实践上built on tremendous amount of study/practice 进行调查，任务conduct/carry out a study /task/experiment 辞去工作：leave/quit/give up one 's job/work, resign
参加考试竞赛：enter (for) the examination/contest, race 参加讨论活动：take part/participate/ be engaged in sports/activities/discussion 进入大学，社会，家庭，劳力市场，职业enter a school/ a college/society/ the work force/ professionals 实现自己的理想、愿望：realize/fulfill/achieve one 's dream/hopes/wish/desire 减轻压力，紧张；reduce/alleviate/relieve the stress/pressure/tension 提高社会地位，生活水平: raise/upgrade living standard, enhance/improve/upgrade social status, rise to the position of leadership 提高技术能力; Sharpen/increase/improve/enhance/boost one's skill/ability 社会地位：social status/ social position/standing
提高效率：increase/ boost efficiency
加快发展：Accelerate/facilitate/advance/enhance/ fuel /boost/ promote the development/growth of 随着生活节奏加快：with the quickening pace/rhythm/ tempo of modern life/society 开阔眼界，兴趣：broaden one's interest/outlook/mind, expand/broaden/enlarge one's mental horizons 有助于了解，解决：Contribute much/little/greatly/to a better understanding of, go a long way to solving the problem 迷恋，十分关心名利分数：be obsessed with/preoccupied with grades /fame/ fortune, score-obsessed, score-conscious
把时间花，浪费在: spend /waste time doing sth., put in hours 'doing sth.
占时间：take up much free time, occupy time 利用机会，技术：make(full-better) use of opportunities, take advantage of/ cash in on opportunity/feeling/time, tap/harness technology/potential skills, draw on experience/.memories, capitalize on mistakes/ the situation
把知识经验运用至U : apply/ put the theory/knowledge/ experienee …to practice/daily life/ good use 浪费时间，钱: waste/ squander/lavish time/money/energy 取得进步:make much progress/strides/ gains in 充分发挥潜力，能力：develop one's ability/ potential to the full, give full play to one 's ability,
cultivate/nurture one 's ability 充满激情，渴望: have a burning desire/ a great passion for/long for 考虑深思：Consider, reflect, ponder, muse, contemplate
不同：different, various, diverse, not the same, not similar, not identical, not equivalent 难：difficult, not easy
蠢：foolish, silly, stupid, not wise, unwise
新的：new, different, changed, altered, not old, fresh 烦恼的：annoying, irritating, troublesome 结束：end, bring …to end, put …to an end 需要：require, demand, call for, take, involve, entail Repairing the roof will entail spending a lot of money 超过：excel, outdo, outperform, be adept at, do better than 使什么成为不需要：make …unn ecessary, do way with, elim in ate the n eed of
十类话题26 道母题
一教育类：
1 Many people believe that the main aim for university education is to help graduates to find better jobs, while some people believe that university education has wider benefits for individuals and society . Discuss both views and give your opinion. 大学教工作技能还是理论知识，道德？
2 Higher education can be funded by several ways such as the following:1. All costs paid by the government; 2. All costs paid by the students;3. All costs paid by the government loan which students have to pay back after graduation.Please discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of all these three theories above and decide which the best is. 大学学费谁来付
3 Schools are no longer necessary, because children can get so much information available through Internet, and they can study just as well at home. What extent do you agree or disagree? 教育方式：因特网学习还是老师教学
4 Some people think teachers have a greater influence than parents in the development of a child ' s intelligence and social skills. Do you agree or disagree? 谁对孩子发展影响大
二科技类： 1 It is now possible to perform everyday tasks, such as bank transaction, shopping or even office works, without meeting people face to face. What are the effects it may have on individuals and the society as a whole? 科技对于人际关系的影响
2 Many people believe that the increasing use of modern technology at work and in leisure is reducing people's creativity. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 科技对人类创造力影响
3 Food can be produced cheaper if we use improved fertilizers and better machinery. However some of methods may be dangerous for human health, and have negative effects for local communities. What is your opinion? 科技对于食物的影响
三政府类：1Some people believe that national sports team should be financially supported by the government. Some other people think they should be funded by private resources such as corporations and individuals. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 政府还是私人投资2 Some people think the government should help citizens adopt healthy lifestyles while others think citizens should live in ways they live. Discuss both views and give your opinion. 政府决定还是个人决定
3 Many countries have spent vast sum of money on self-defence. Some people think they should spend money helping the poverty and solving other problems rather than on weapons. To what exte nd do you agree or disagree ?政府预算先考虑哪一块
四环境：
1 Some people believe that individuals can not improve environment, but only governments and big companies can make a difference. To what extend do you agree or disagree? 环境问题谁解决
2 Some people believe that air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and uses up the world's fuel resources. To what extent do you agree or disagree? 空旅对环境的影响
3 Some people think it is acceptable to use the animals in any way for benfits of human beings, while others think it is not justifiable. Discuss both sides and give your opinion. 人类利用动物
五弱势群体： 1 In many countries ，the proportion of older people is steadily increasing. Does this trend make positive or negative effects to society ?社会老龄化
2 Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject. Do you agree or disagree? 男女平等问题
3 Some people believe that time spent on television, video and computer games can be beneficial to children. Others believe this has negative effects on a child. Discuss both views and give your own ideas. 电视游戏对孩子的影响
六媒体： 1 Today, there are more images of disasters and violence in the media. What are the causes, influence and what solutions can you offer? 灾难暴力镜头
2 Some people think the high sales of products reflect the power of advertising instead of the consumers' demand. To what extend do you agree? 广告的影响力
七全球化： 1 There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country's identity. What is your opinion? 国家交往增加对国家特征影响
2 Some people think that charity organizations should help people in greatest need of help, wherever they live. However, others think that they should help people in their own country. Discuss the two arguments and give your opinion ?帮本国还是帮世界
八犯罪： 1 What are the causes of juvenile delinquency and what are your solutions? 犯罪原因
2 Sending criminals to the prison is not the best method of dealing with them. Education and job training are better ways to help them. Discuss the both views. 如何处置犯罪分子
九文化： 1 Multi-cultured societies are mixtures of many ethnic groups. Some people think the advantages of multi-cultured societies outweigh the disadvantages. Do you agree or disagree? 多元文化利弊 2 Some people think museums should be enjoyable places to attract and entertain people. But others think the purpose of museums is to educate, not to entertain. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 博物馆的作用
十社会观念： 1 Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?繁忙工作对于个人的影响
2 Happiness is very important to individuals, but it is very hard to define. Why is happiness hard to define? What is your definition of happiness? 决定快乐的因素