Period IV Grammar(必修4，unit4)
Teaching aim: Grasp the usages of -ing form used as the attributive and the adverbial
I. Preparation for the grammar by oneself before class.
[自学探究] （SB P29 Discovering useful structures）
II. Students work together to make a thorough inquiry during class.
[合作学习］
STEP1.现在分词作定语
现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作。
1．现在分词作定语时的位置
（1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；分词短语用于它所修饰词的后面。例如：
He is an attacking player.他是一个攻击型的运动员。
They lived a room facing the north thirty years ago.
三十年前，他住在一个朝北的房间里。
（2）如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面。例如：
Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚。
重点把握：动词-ing形式中的动名词也可用作定语，它表示用作…的，而现在分词作定语通常相当于一个定语从句。如：
a writing table = a table used for writing ；a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleeping
2、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系
现在分词表进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如：
There were no soldiers drilling.
= There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在操练。
The man running over there is our chairman.
= The man who is running over there is our chairman.
正在朝那边跑的那个人是我们主席。
重点把握：having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语。
3、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如：
The meeting being held is very important.正召开的会议很重要。
The skyscraper being built is still higher than that built the year before last.
正在建的那幢摩天大楼比前年建的那幢还高。
STEP2. 现在分词作状语
现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等。例如：
Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.
爬上山顶后我看到了一幅美丽的景象。
Being sick I stayed at home.我因病呆在家里。
重点把握：如指将来的动作就可用不定式的被动语态，如：
a meeting to be held 将要召开的会议
如表过去可用过去分词
a meeting held 开过的会议
1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系
（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式。例如：
Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address.
因为没听出这个人的声音，他没把自己的地址给他。
It rained heavily, causing great damage.大雨滂沱，造成了很大损害。
He ran up to her breathing heavily.他气喘吁吁的跑到她面前。
【重点把握】
分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。但是，有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制。如：
generally speaking, considering, judging from, talking from ，supposing（为连词意思为假如）,
（2）现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。否则现在分词需用完成形式。例如：
Having already seen the film twice, she didn’t want to go to the cinema.
这电影他已看过两遍，他不想去看了。
Not having received his father’s letter, he decided to make a call to him.因为没收到他父亲的信，他决定打个电话给他父亲。
思维拓展
过去分词状语时，其表示的动作时句子主语承受的动作。他们之间的关系是被动关系。Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树更关心一些，他们本来会长的更好。
2、现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作。因此，句子主语与现在分词之间是主动关系。例如：
I run out of the house shouting.我喊叫着跑出屋来。
I got home, feeling very tired.我疲惫的回到家里
3、有些现在分词作状语时，其前可用after, before, since, when, while, whenever, once, until, on, as等词。例如：
After talking to you, I always fell better.和你谈过话后我总感觉好一些。
When telephoning London numbers from abroad, dial 1, not 01.
从国外往伦敦打电话，请拨1，不是01。
III. T eacher work together with students
STEP3.［典例解析］
1. The secretary worked late into the night, ____ a long speech for the president.
A to prepare
B preparing
C prepared
D was preparing
[解析] 本题考察现在分词作伴随状语用法。分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选B。
2.____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A Not receiving
B Receiving not
C Not having received
D Having not received
[解析]分词短语表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生，故用现在分词的完成时态。Not 要放在
非谓语动词之前。
3. “Can't you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.
A angrily pointing
B and point angrily
C angrily pointed
D and angrily pointing
[解析] 现在分词作伴随状语，分词与逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故选现在分词。故答案为A。
4. The meeting ____ now is very important.
A held
B to be held
C being held
D holding
[解析]会议是被召开的，故排除掉D。根据时间状语now我们知道会议是正在召开的，而不定式作定语表将来。故答案为C
5. If you want a letter ____ , you must keep in mind several rules while ____.
A written; written
B well written; writing
C well writing; writing
D well written; write
[解析]第一个空为过去分词作定语，分词与他修饰的名次之间有被动关系，所以用过去分词。第二个空是while加现在分词作时间状语。现在分词与其逻辑主语之间为主动关系。故答案为B。
6. He never spends a _____ day.
A more worry
B most worrying
C more worrying
D more worried
[解析]因句子具有“a day worried him”即a day is worrying的意义，所以需用worrying。故答案为C。
7. ——— speaking, women live longer than men.
A. Judging from
B. generally
C. Supposing
D. T aking everything into consideration
[解析] 此句子考察的是表示说话人态度的一些惯用法。依据句子意思应是一般说来的，通常说来，故选B
IV. 当堂达标
1._____to understand what he doesn’t, he makes a fool of himself.
A. Always pretended
B. Having always pretended
C. Always being pretended
D. Always pretended
2.T o get there in time, they came _____all the way.
A. running
B. run
C. ran
D. to run
3. We’ll go to have a picnic tomorrow or the day after _____ on the weather.
A. depended
B. depending
C. depends
D. is depending
4. It has rained nonstop for ten days, completely _____ our holiday.
A. ruining
B. to ruin
C. ruined
D. has ruined
5. They set out _____for the _____.
A .searching losing B. searching lost C. to search lost D. searched losing
6.It’s a pleasure to watch the face of a _____baby.
A. asleep
B. sleep
C. sleeping
D. slept
7.The boy sat there _____what to do.
A. doesn’t knowing
B. didn’t knowing
C. not know
D. not knowing
8.The secretary worked late into the night, _____a long speech for the international conference.
A. to prepare
B. prepared
C. preparing
D. was preparing
9.European football is played in 80 countries _____it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making
B. makes
C. made
D. to make
10.The _____Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _____that he had enjoyed his stay here
A. visiting ,add
B. visited, adding
C. visiting, adding
D. visited, added
11.Due to the heavy rain and flooding, ten million people have been forced _____ their homes.
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. to be left
D. being left
语法同步练习
1----5 DABAB 6---10CDCAC B
STEP4. Summary and homework.
Do the exercises together with the text.
Unit4 Body language语法篇 __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 要求学生掌握本单元的重点语法----动词的-ing形式作定语和状语并能熟练运用相关语法知识解决相应类型的题。 一、动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+ing形式”构成，它既是现在分词形式，也是动名词形式。v-ing 能在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语，但不能单独作谓语。其时态和语态的变化为 二、动词-ing形式的作用 1.动词-ing形式作定语 E.g. The sleeping baby looks very beautiful. (前置定语)这位正在睡觉的婴儿看起来太漂亮了。 E.g. The man sitting in the car is waiting for his daughter. (后置定语)坐在车里的男子正在等他的女儿。 E.g. The law being carried out is to ban drunken driving.(后置定语，强调正在被执行的法律) 正在执行中的这则法律旨在禁止酒后驾驶。 名师点拨 (1)现在分词短语作定语时通常后置，而单个的分词作定语时可置于被修饰词的前面，也可置于被修饰词的后面。 (2)现在分词的完成时的主动及被动形式均不作后置定语。 2．动词-ing形式作状语。 (1)作时间状语。 E.g. Working in the office，the clerk heard an explosion from the street. 在办公室工作时，这位职员听到街上发出了爆炸声。 E.g. Having finished her homework，the girl was busy with the thing she likes. 完成了家庭作业，女孩就忙于做她喜欢做的事情。 名师点拨 动词-ing形式一般式常表示该动作与句子谓语动作同时发生，而动词－ing形式的完成式则表示该
Bodylanguage阅读课教学设计 一教学目标： 知识与技能： 理解、内化、运用以下生词及词组—fold、anger、vary、thub、crazy、od、part、hug、bo、pal、shrug、incredible、pat、getthrough、teardon、chart 获取关于bodylanguage的相关信息,且进行siing,scanning,carefulreading,generalization,guessi ngeaning等阅读技能训练。 充分利用多媒体，强化学生自主学习的意识，培养学生组织语言、运用语言的能力。 过程与方法： 培养学生通过自主学习和合作学习，获取信息和处理信息的能力。 培养学生质疑意识，分析问题、解决问题、综合问题的能力和创造性思维能力。 情感态度价值观： 在有趣的话题激励下，诱导学生积极参与，充分调动他们学习的兴趣。 使学生了解身势语在各国人民交往中的重要性。了解在各国相同身势语所表示的不同交际含义。增强对中外“身势
语”差异的敏感性，培养世界意识；通过文化地域对比，加深对祖国相关知识的理解，增强对祖国的热爱之情。 二教学重点： 训练学生的略读与扫读技巧是本课的重点。根据英语课程标准关于语言技能的教学建议，略读与扫读是阅读教学的基本技能之一，是学生必须掌握的。 三教学难点: 怎样使学生理解不同国家的身势语，正确的使用身势语及比较各国身势语的不同是本课的难点。根据英语课程标准，文化意识是内容标准之一，要求学生掌握一些行为规范、风土人情等方面的知识，这有利于培养学生的世界意识，有利于形成跨文化交际能力。 四学习方式设计： 个体探究。 在完成较简单直观的任务时以个体探究为主，鼓励学生有独立自主的思维意识。 合作学习。 当面对难度较大的学习任务时鼓励学生采取小组合作的方式，这是因为“合作学习”更方便英语的交流和体验，有利于培养学生与他人合作的能力，同时信息差异也更能激燃起学生的“创新火花”。 五教学策略及教法设计：
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高中英语学习材料 ***鼎尚图文理制作*** Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars 课文知识点解析Warming Up Discuss in pairs which science subjects are part of medicine,biochemistry, geophysics or astronomy. 分组讨论哪些科学科目是医学，生物化学，地理学或天文学的一部分。 in pairs=two at a time=in twos 一次两个，两个一组 e.g.Shoes and slippers are sold in pairs. 鞋子都是论双卖的。 注意：in+数词/名词（数词/名词以复数形式） e.g.in threes and fours 三三两两的 in groups 成群的思维拓展 in在这里表示：以……数量/形式、形状等。 e.g.Tourists queue in thousands to see the tomb. 游客数以千计排着队看陵墓。 Reading 1.The problem was that the earth became violent because it was not clear whether the solid shape was to last or not. 这一问题变得越来越不确定，因为这一球体形状是否能够维持尚未明朗。 (1)violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 a violent language 激烈的语言 a violent storm 猛烈的风暴 a violent 猛攻思维拓展 violence n.［U］ 1.暴力，强暴 2.猛烈，剧烈，强烈 (2)whether...or not... “是……还是……”在这里是主语从句,它还可以引导宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句。 e.g.I don’t know whether he will agree with me.（宾语） 我不知道他是否同意我的观点。 The question is whether he will agree to my proposal.（表语） 问题是他是否同意我的建议。 I have no idea whether he can do it or not.（同位语） 我不知道他是否能做这件事。 2.It exploded loudly with fire and rock,which were in time to produce the water vapour,carbon dioxide,oxygen,nitrogen and other gases,... 球体发生剧烈爆炸，伴有火焰和岩浆，这些最终生成水蒸气、二氧化碳、氧气、氮气及其他气体，……全析提示 whether or not 其后还可跟不定式，构成whether to do or not。 e.g.Whether to go there or not is still a question. 是否去还是个疑问。 在此结构中，whether 不能用if 替换。
Chapter1.Body language Listening, Speaking, Using English, Writing 一、章节分析（Section Analysis ） (一)综述 本章节是语言运用部分。通过听，说，写方面的训练，提高学生语言词汇方面的能力，加强他们运用语言知识来表达思想感情的能力。针对高一新生情况using language 的任务是培养学生如何正确有效的使用字典，为以后的学习打下基础。 （二）目标 Listening 1帮助学生通过抓关键词培养其听力理解能力。 2听说结合，提高听力教学效果。 Speaking 1帮助学生运用本课关于肢体语言信息，培养他们良好的礼议。 2鼓励学生在此过程中动脑动口，学会推荐自己及如何评价他人。 Using English 1帮助学生如何有效的使用字典。 2培养学生自习自研能力。 Writing 1了解书信式“提醒单（reminder ）”和邀请信的写作思路。 2掌握写作方法。 3根据简要提示写出符合要求的reminder as well as 邀请信。 （三）重点和难点 Listening 培养学生抓关键词汇：adj /adv attentively; politely; serious ,nervous n art; steps; movements; sages; points messages v dance Speaking 通过表演掌握如何推荐自己以及如何评价他人，同时能运用Do’s 和Don’s 句型。Using English 了解字典中不同符号的含义以及如何能有效地运用字典，培养自学能力。 Writing 根据提示写出符合要求的short messages 并能采用生生互评。
高一英语必修三知识点归纳Unit1 Festivals around the world 1.sth take palce某事（按意图、）发生，举行 (不及物动词，不能用于被动语态) 2.v.(去e)＋al→n. arrive (v.) 到达→arrival (n.)到达者 survive (v.) 幸存；幸免于；→survival (n.)幸存者 3.starve to death ＝be starved to death饿死starve for sth.渴望某物starvation n.饥饿，饿死 4.in memory of sb 纪念某人 5.have belief in对……有信心believe in相信……的存在，believe vt.相信；认为 6.dress up穿上盛装；打扮；dress sb. up=dress up sb. 打扮某人 sb be dressed in某人穿着… 7.play a trick on sb. ＝play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人 8.admire sb. for sth.因某事而羡慕某人 with/in admiration钦佩地 9.look forward to doing sth 期待做某事 look up to 仰视；尊重 look down on/upon 瞧不起 look into调查 10.have fun with sth/sb玩得开心 for fun为了好玩； it’s fun to do sth.做某事很有趣funny adj.有趣的；滑稽可笑的 11.offer sth to sb=offer sb sth 提供某人某物12.decorate sth with sth 用…来装饰… 13.day and night 日夜 14.turn up 出现，到场，调高（音量）turn down 调低 turn to 转向，求助于 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 15.permit sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事 permit doing sth.允许做某事 time/weather permitting=if time/weather permits 如果时间/天气允许的话 permission n.许可，允许 16.keep one’s word 守信用；履行诺言bre ak one’s word失信；食言； in a word 总之 17.hold one’s breath 屏息；屏气 out of breath 上气不接下气 18.drown oneself in…(＝be drowned in...)浸在…… 19.set off 出发；动身 20.remind sb.of sth.提醒某人某事；remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做某事21.forgive sb. for doing sth.原谅某人做了某事 22.It was obvious t hat…显而易见的是… It is a pity that...很遗憾…… It is well known that... 众所周知…23.try to do sth=seek to do sth企图做某事 try doing sth 尝试做某事 24.mean to do sth打算做某事 mean doing sth意味着做某事 25.hear about/of sth听说某事 26.apologize to sb. for sth./doing sth.因某事/做了某事而向某人道歉make/offer an apology to sb. for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉27.情态动词will,may,might,can,could,must,should等后面接动词原形
第一章动词的时与体(Tense & Aspect) 时（tense）是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式。英语动词只有“现在时”和“过去时”，而没有“将来时”（在英语中，表示“将来”手段多种多样，但没有一种独特的、能与“现在时”和“过去时”平起平坐的专一表示“将来”的动词形式----“将来时”）。 体（aspect）也是一个语法范畴，它表示动作或过程在一定时间内处于何种状态的动词形式。英语有进行体(progressive aspect)和完成体(perfective aspect)。进行体是由助动词be的一定形式加主动词的-ing 分词构成；完成体由助动词have的一定形式加主动词的-ed分词构成。 现在时和过去时既可以单独使用，也可以和进行体或完成体结合使用，也可以同时与完成体和进行体结合使用。这样，英语的限定动词词组便有8种时、体形式。它们分别是：一般现在时(simple present)、一般过去时(simple past)、现在进行体(present progressive)、过去进行体(past progressive)、现在完成体(present perfective)、过去完成体(past perfective)、现在完成进行体(present perfective progressive)、过去完成进行体(past perfective progressive)。在这一章中，我们单独挑出完成体来加以详述。 1．1 必须使用完成体的结构 1）It (This, This evening, yesterday...) is (was, will be) first (second, third...) time (day, month…)…结构中的分句，要求用完成体。 Is this the first time you've been to Beijing? This was the first time he had been to Beijing. This is the eighth month that I have been out of work.. This was the eighth month that I had been out of work. This is the second time that the goods produced by our factory have been shown in the International Exhibition. This was the second time that the goods produced by our factory had been shown in the International Exhibition. 2）在no sooner…than, hardly/barely/scarcely…when,等的句型中，主句要用过去完成体。 He had no sooner seen me than he left the room. No sooner had he seen me than he left the room. The helicopter had hardly landed when the waiting crowd ran toward it. Scarcely had I seen the lightning when I heard a clap of thunder. 3）将来完成体用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before+将来时间或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的分句连用。 I will have finished all the work by the time you are back this evening. I am sure he will have left Paris by this time tomorrow. I hope we will have got all the information before you come tomorrow. By the time you get to New York, I _______for London. （2002年1月） A) would be leaving B) am leaving C) have already left D) shall have left 本题时间状语为by+将来时间，考察将来完成体用法，应选择D)。 By the time he arrives in Beijing, we ________here for two days.（2001年6月） A) have been staying B) have stayed C) shall stay D) will have stayed 将来完成体用来可以表示在将来某一时间以前一直持续的动作，本句话的意思是：我们将在这里呆两天，因此谓语动词用将来完成体，答案为D)。 1．2 现在完成体与现在完成进行体 现在完成进行体兼有现在完成体和现在进行体二者基本特点。由于它有现在完成体的特点，所以它
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Who said: "If I didn't have bad luck, I wouldn't have any luck at all！" However，not all "bad luck" should be considered as a (n) 1 thing. When life gives you a kick, let it kick you 2 ! In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway 3 something about "bad luck" and got just such a kick. He was 4 to succeed as a writer when 5 struck. He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts (手稿) that he had been planning to publish. Hemingway couldn't imagine doing his work all over again. All those months of writing were simply 6 . He told a friend about his bad luck, who told him it was actually very good 7 ! He assured (向...保证) Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories, he would forget the 8 parts; only the best material would reappear. He encouraged Hemingway to start again, but with optimism and 9 this time. Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a world-famous writer. Don't pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability. Don't ask for smaller challenges; ask for greater 10 . When life gives you a kick, let it kick you forwards! 1. A. essential B. confusing C. acceptable D. bad 2. A. backwards B. off C. on D. forwards 3. A. learned B. said C. heard D. solved 4. A. waiting B. struggling C. dreaming D. wishing 5. A. challenges B. changes C. disaster D. failure 6. A. buried B. failed C. wasted D. undone 7. A. fortune B. result C. journey D. idea 8. A. weak B. important C. good D. last
大学英语四级常考语法总结 一、虚拟语气。应着重复习能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词(如lest, in case, otherwise等);一部分表示建议、主张、命令等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句往往采用“should+动词原形”;虚拟倒装句;在would rather, wish, as if, it’s time that等句型中使用适当形式表达主观愿望;混合虚拟句。 二、独立主格题。一般说来，在句子中没有连接词的情况下，逗号是无力连接两个句子的，其中一个分句要么是非谓语形式，要么是独立主格结构。两种结构都做状语，不同的是独立主格结构有自己的逻辑主语。 三、时态。英语中共有16个时态。四级考试中出现最多的是将来完成时、现在完成时、过去完成时和完成进行时。 四、名词性从句。形容词性的定语从句是考核的重点，用什么引导词，引导词前面的介词形式，引导词在从句中做什么成分，从句的语序等均有可能成为考点。此外，主语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句也应适当复习。 五、主谓一致。这类考题灵活性大，需要根据实际情况判断谓语动词的单复数形式。一部分具有生命意义的集合名词做主语时谓语动词多采用复数形式，如people, poultry, militia等;用and连接的成分表单一概念时谓语动词用单数;就近原则：主语中含有某些连词(如as well as, besides, in addition to等)时，谓语动词的数同第一个主语保持一致。
六、倒装结构。分为全部倒装和部分倒装。那些否定词(组)、介词短语能引起倒装句，部分倒装和全部倒装有和区别，as在倒装结构中的用法及意义等等，都是考生应当重视的地方。 七、非谓语动词。①根据非谓语动词同其所修饰的名词或逻辑主语的一致关系，确定使用主动语态或被动语态，然后考虑采用现在分词、现在分词被动式或过去分词;②非谓语动词同主句谓语动词动作发生的先后关系。动作正在进行的用现在分词进行式，同时发生或不分先后发生的用现在现在分词一般式或过去分词;在主句谓语动词之前发生的用现在分词完成式、不定式完成式;发生在主句谓语动词之后的多用不定式一般式;③表状态多用分词，表目的多用不定式。
Unit 4Astronomy: the science of the stars
[背原句] [记句式] [会仿用] 1.This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命 就有可能开始发展了。 句中的it是形式宾语，真正 的宾语是不定式短语to develop。 这个女孩懂三门外语，这使她更容易找 到一份好工作。 The girl knows three foreign languages, which makes_it_easier_for_her_to_find a good job. 2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而当我试着向前迈步时，我发觉我被 送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球 上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 “...倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原 级＋as ...”是倍数表达法之 一，意为“……是……的多 少倍”。 杰西卡付出的是以前三倍的时间和精 力，所以我相信她这次能成功。Jessica devoted three_times_as_much_time_and_energy_as she did before, so I believe she will succeed this time. 3.“Oh, dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变 了，看来走路也的确需要练一练 了。” now that “既然；由于”，引 导原因状语从句，有时that 可以省略。 既然它对我们的好处如此多，为什么不 试一试呢？Now_that_it_benefits_us so much, why not have a try？ 第一板块核心单词归纳集释 1．harmful adj.有害的 [经典例句]Experts point out that fruit juices can be harmful to children’s teeth. 专家指出果汁可能损害儿童的牙齿。 ①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer, which is very (harm) to their health.有些男生对玩电脑游戏简直到了痴迷的程度，这对他们的健康非常有害。 2．exist vi.存在；生存 [教材原句]They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. (1)There exists ... 某地有……；存在…… (2)existence n. 存在；生存 come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在 ①There_exists a generation gap between the young and the old. 青年人和老年人之间存在着代沟。
一、对比练习: Book4 Unit4 Body language v –ing 形式做定语和状语训练题 1. He stood there ___ _for his mother . 2. __ for two hours , he went away.(wait) 3. __ to the left , you'll find the post office . 4. If you ________ to the left , you'll find the post office . 5. __ to the left , and you'll find the post office .(turn) 6. __ from space , the earth looks blue . 7. _ _from space , we can see the earth is blue .(see) 8. The dirty clothes ____ , the girl hung them up outside . 9. __ the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside .(wash) 10 The building ____ now will be a restaurant . 11. The building ___ next year will be a restaurant . 12. The building ___ last year is a restaurant.(built) 13. In the ____ week we'll have another exam. 14. In the week __ _______ ,we'll have another exam.(come) 15. Most of us went to see her, __ _____ some girls. 16. Most of us went to see her, some girls __ ______ _.(include) 17. If time ____ , I'll go to see my friends tomorrow. 18. Time ___ _____ , I'll go to see my friends tomorrow.(permit) 19 ___ his wallet, he became very worried. 20. __ ______ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.（lose ） 21. The girl __ ______ in a colorful skirt looks beautiful. 22. The mother __ her son must be late for the work.(dress) 二、用所给词的正确形式填空。 1 ________ i t with me and I'll see what I can do.(leave) 2. _ by the Comrade Lei Feng, we try our best to do good deeds.（inspire ） 3. I listened to the wind, __ ___ (think) that he would not come tonight. 4 _________ ( eat) nothing since the night before, I felt very hungry. 5. The girl glanced over her shoulder and found herself __ ___ (follow) by a young man in black ． 6. More than one hundred workers remained____(trap) in the coal mine, though fifty had been saved. 7. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do (work)with students. 8. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ ____ (tidy) up the rooms. 9. Keep quiet! I hear someone ____ “ my heart will go on ”. (sing) 10. Please fill in the form, ___ (give) your name, address and telephone number. 11. T he policeman came up to the lonely house with the door (open), __ (stand) there for a while and then entered it. 12. Something as simple as ___ _(eat) vegetables in childhood may help to protect you against serious illness in later life. 13 ______ (influence) by the growing interest in nature, more and more people enjoy outdoor sports . 14. In almost every country, English is a key to ____ (get) ahead.
洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌 ④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 如：Let’s discuss only such questions as concern us. 让我们只讨论与我们有关的问题。 I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从来没听说过他讲的这种故事。 I shall be surprised if he does this in the same way as I do. 如果他做这件事的方法和我一样，那就奇怪了。 She works in the same office as I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 She wears the same kind of clothes as her sister does. 她姐妹俩穿同样的衣服。 He’s wearing the same dress as he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 This is the same watch as I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 I’ve never seen such kind of people as they are. 我从来没见过像他们这样的人。 I’ve never seen such kind people as they are. 我从来没见过象他们这样厚道的人。 I want the same shirt as my friend’s. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。 Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in china. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 但是，如果从句和主句的动作在将来不同的时间发生，则两部分都要用来将来时， 注：④在same和such之后，定语从句用as引导， 偶尔，the same 后面也用that， 如：He’s wearing the same suit that he wore at Mary’s wedding. 他穿着与他在Mary的婚礼上穿的一样的衣服。 She works in the same office that I do. 她和我在同一个办公室工作。 This is the same watch that I have lost. 这块表和我丢的那块一样。 as 引导非限定性定语从句即可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接下列句型。如：as is known, as is said, as is reported as is announced 等。 例如：As we all know, Mr. Wang is a good teacher.
人教版高中英语必修三u n i t4知识点练习
Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Who said: "If I didn't have bad luck, I wouldn't have any luck at all！" However，not all "bad luck" should be considered as a (n) 1 thing. When life gives you a kick, let it kick you 2 ! In the 1920s, Ernest Hemingway 3 something about "bad luck" and got just such a kick. He was 4 to succeed as a writer when 5 struck. He lost a suitcase containing all the manuscripts (手稿) that he had been planning to publish. Hemingway couldn't imagine doing his work all over again. All those months of writing were simply 6 . He told a friend about his bad luck, who told him it was actually very good 7 ! He assured (向...保证) Hemingway that when he rewrote the stories, he would forget the 8 parts; only the best material would reappear. He encouraged Hemingway to start again, but with optimism and 9 this time. Hemingway did rewrite the stories and eventually became a world-famous writer. Don't pray for fewer problems; pray for more ability. Don't ask for smaller challenges; ask for greater 10 . When life gives you a kick, let it kick you forwards! 1. A. essential B. confusing C. acceptable D. bad 2. A. backwards B. off C. on D. forwards 3. A. learned B. said C. heard D. solved 4. A. waiting B. struggling C. dreaming D. wishing 5. A. challenges B. changes C. disaster D. failure 6. A. buried B. failed C. wasted D. undone 7. A. fortune B. result C. journey D. idea 8. A. weak B. important C. good D. last 9. A. knowledge B. confidence C. imagination D. luck