英国饮食文化英文版
英国本身是个历史、文化悠久的国家,所以他们在料理上多少还是保留了原有的传统饮食文化，来让我们看看中英版本的英国饮食文化文章吧。
24en editors note:today people in the uk eat a more varied diet than ever before.
as well as the regional diets of england, scotland, wales, and northern ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous britons: chinese, greek, indian, italian, thai, american fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.
今天，人们在英国吃了更多样化的饮食比以往任何时候。
以及区域饮食的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，许多移民社区介绍了他们的菜以前unadventurous英国人:中国，希腊，印度，意大利，泰国，美国快餐食品，如比萨饼，汉堡包和炸鸡已在一定程度上取代传统的快餐店的炸鱼和薯条。
because of the climate and the germanic origins of many of its early people, the uk has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country.
nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of england have proved successful.
in the west of england the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer.
over britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.
由于气候和日耳曼起源及其早期的许多人，英国一直是传统上喝啤酒，而不是葡萄酒的饮用国。
然而，近年来，葡萄园在英格兰南部的已证明是成功的。
英格兰西部的传统饮料是苹果酒，而不是啤酒。
英国作为一个整体，但是，传统的饮料是茶。
今天我们来详细介绍一下英国的早餐。
the most famous meal in britain could be the traditional breakfast. what makes it so popular with british people and visitors alike?
在英国最有名的一餐可能就要数早餐了。
为什么它会这么受英国人和游客的喜爱呢?
英式早餐全餐(british breakfast)，比其他国家的正餐还要丰富，绝非只有牛角包配果酱咖啡的欧式早餐(continental breakfast)可比。
这份早餐俗称the fry-up，因为里面多是煎炸的食物:香肠(sausage)，腌肉(bacon)，蘑菇(mushroom)，番茄(tomato)。
除此之外，还有土司(toast)，英式烤饼(scone)，茄汁焗豆(baked beans)等食物。
吃英式早餐，鸡蛋是不能少的。
鸡蛋通常有四种烹调方法。
fried 煎
英国人煎蛋，通常只煎一面，蛋黄生生的，俗称“太阳蛋”，也就是美国人口中的sunny side up
scrambled 炒
boiled 煮
是把鸡蛋连壳直接放进水里煮，熟透的叫做hard-boiled，半熟的叫做soft-boiled
poached 炖
是把蛋去壳后用温水煮，煮出来的蛋内生外熟，形状不一。英式早餐茶
accounts of its origins vary.
drinking a blend of black teas for breakfast is indeed a longstanding british custom.
the practice of referring to such a blend as english breakfast tea appears to have originated not in england but america, as far back as colonial times.
英国人喝早餐茶的习惯事实上是英国长久以来的传统。
只是“英国早餐茶”这一说法却不是从英国而来的，而是从殖民地时期从美国而来。
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english breakfast tea is a black tea blend usually described as full-bodied, robust, and/or rich, and blended to go well with milk and sugar, in a style traditionally associated with a hearty english breakfast.
it is the most common style of tea in britain.
英国早餐茶是由集中红茶以一定比例拼配而成，是一种口味醇厚，香味浓郁的饮品。
适合搭配牛奶和糖。
与多姿多彩的英式早餐相得益彰。
是英国最常见的一种茶。
英国饮食文化概况：
eating in britain an introduction to the eating habits and the food varieties in the uk.
points 1.
typical daily diet of a british person.
2.
complicated formal british dinner.
3.
several famous british dishes.
typical daily diet of a british person lets see what he eats every
day! bread! ? bread takes the largest proportion of what a common british person eats.
? many kinds of them: toast, croissants, danish rolls ? often served with butter or jam.
cereal! ? cereal serves as a alternative source of carbohydrate, but usually eaten with other staple foods.
? mixed with milk, yoghurt, or juice.
can also be made into porridge.
? often served during breakfast and lunch.
meats! ? british people eat beef, lamb, fish, pork and chicken. they only eat “edible” parts of an animal, so no chickens heart is regarded as food.
? recipe varied.
some baked, fried, boiled or barbecued.
some cooked in wine or with pepper.
vegetables! ? vegetable sometimes comes with fruit.
the cooking methods of vegetable plates are not varied much, in contract with chinese recipe.
? mostly eaten fresh and raw, in the form of salads.
but sometimes also cooked.
dairy products! ? british people seldom drink or use milk from lambs.
? milk is made into all kinds of products: yoghurt, cheese, butter and ice cream.
? milk is also an important ingredient in british dishes.
cheese is also a national product of britain.
tea coffee! ? tea can be served throughout the day, not just in the afternoon.
over 300 years of tea-drinking history.
? coffee drinking are less formal than tea drinking.
? teatime often comes with fine desserts.
the placing of tableware the order of seats 8 most-talked-about table manners place your knife correctly.
give up smoking for the time being.
put your elbows off the table.
never butter a whole piece of bread at a time.
enjoy your meal: dont wolf it.
eat with your mouth shut.
dont pick your teeth at the table.
mind the napkin.
the order of dishes
fish and chips 炸鱼土豆roast beef and yorkshire pudding 烤牛肉和约克郡布丁shepherds pie 肉馅土豆馅饼lancashire hotpot
兰开夏火锅bacon and eggs 培根煎蛋cornish pasty 康尔瓦郡菜肉烘饼thank you!! hope youve not got hungry ? powerpoint by oasin.
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british food culture
英国的饮食文化
today people in the uk eat a more varied diet than ever before.
as well as the regional diets of england, scotland, wales, and northern ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous 点击发音britons: chinese, greek, indian, italian, thai, american fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips.
今天，英国人的饮食比以往更加多样化。
除了英国地方性饮食习惯诸如英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，许多移民社区也将他们的饮食带到了英国：中国，希腊，印度，意大利，泰国，美国快餐食品，如比萨饼，汉堡包和炸鸡已在一定程度上取代传统的快餐店的炸鱼和薯条。
because of the climate and the germanic origins of many of its early people, the uk has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country.
nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of england have proved successful.
in the west of england the traditional drink is cider 点击发音, rather than beer.
over britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea.
由于气候和日耳曼起源，英国人在传统上一直是喝啤酒，而不是葡萄酒的饮用国。
然而，近年来，葡萄园在英格兰南部的栽培已证明是成功的。英格兰西部的传统饮料是苹果酒，而不是啤酒。
然而从总体而言，英国的传统饮品却是茶。
今天我们着重要为大家介绍的是afternoon tea: a very british tradition。
正统英式维多利亚下午茶的生活文化内涵：
英国在维多利亚女皇时代(公元1837～1901)是大英帝国最强盛的时代，文化艺术蓬勃发展;人们醉心于追求艺术文化的内涵及精致生活品味。
维多莉亚下午茶是一门综合的艺术,简朴却不寒酸,华丽却不庸俗。
著名作家henry james曾经说过：“there are few hours in life more agreeable than the hour dedicated to the ceremony known as afternoon tea.”
you might be surprised to learn that british people love tea.
in fact, afternoon tea is more than just a drink sometimes its a complete meal.
英国人喜爱喝茶，对于这点你或许会感到些许惊讶。
事实上，下午茶对于英国人来说，远远不止是一种饮品，有时候那便是一顿完整的餐饭。
Chinese Food Culture 1.Characteristics of cuisines in southern part of China Chinese cuisine has a number of different genres, but the most influential and typical known by the public are the 'Eight Cuisines'. These are as follows: Shandong Cuisine, Guangdong Cuisine, Sichuan Cuisine, Hunan Cuisine, Jiangsu Cuisine, Zhejiang Cuisine, Fujian Cuisine and Anhui Cuisine. We have roughly separated Chinese cuisine into two genres. They are Cuisines of the north part and the southern part. Cuisines of the southern part of China are really featured. They have various differences with northern cuisine. Firstly, abundant rain drops and sunlight in South China provide favorable conditions for the growth of millet and rice. Compared with people in North China who have to spend much time in cold weather, people in South China are less preferable to meat diet, which contains lots of fat and protein. Southern Chinese prefer plant diet quite a lot. Many people are accustomed to drink soup both before and after the meal. Guangdong Soup(老火靓汤) Secondly, South China is one of the most developed areas in China. It welcomes people from the entire world. As a result, Southern Cuisine, especially Guangdong Cuisine, emphasizes a flavor which is clear but not light, refreshing but not common, tender but not crude. Thirdly,People in South China tend to be more careful and sensitive than northern people. As a result, their dishes as well as appearance are really cute and attractive. Just like dim sum(点心), which means “touch the heart”, is one of the most famous Cantonese meal. It consists of a variety of delicacies and is usually served for breakfast or dinner. Spicy-hot Fish麻辣鱼Mapo Tofu (Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)麻婆豆腐Pork Rips排骨)Penaeus orientalis对虾 2.Characteristics of cuisines in northern part of China Cuisines of the north part of China have several characteristics. people in the north tend to eat cooked wheaten food. Or in other words, people eat more food made of flour. This is because the climate here is temperate continental climate, which means there are less rain drops and sunlight. And this climate provides favorable conditions for the growth of wheat. First,When it comes to cooked wheaten food, there is a place many people are familiar with. That is Shanxi(山西). As the saying goes, “east or west, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is best”. Shanxi is famous for its diverse and delicious cooked wheaten food. With a history of 2000years, Shanxi cooked wheaten food is gaining more and more popularity at home and even abroad. Cooked wheaten food in Shanxi,there are round 280 kinds of cooked wheaten food, among which the sliced noodles is the most renowned one. Apart from the sliced noodles刀削面, boiled food also includes hand-pulled noodles拉面, He lao饸饹）Tijian,剔尖Maoerduo猫耳朵, Jiupian(揪片) ，which are all delicious and tasty. As for the cooked food, it includes fried cake(炸糕)、Yi wo su(一窝酥)、fried dough twist （麻花）,Shuai bing(甩饼) and so on. Other steamed wheaten food includes steamed bun、You mian kao lao（莜面栲栳）、Gao liang mian yu（高粱面鱼）. Second, food in the north is often more salty and greasy than that in the south.
中国饮食文化英文介绍 各位读友大家好，此文档由网络收集而来，欢迎您下载，谢谢 篇一：中国饮食文化——英文版 China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China’s local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，
还有其他很多著名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重
介绍英国文化的英语作文2篇 英国文化英语作文一：介绍英国The Englishman love to behave gentlemanly and the Englishwoman love to behave ladily. They also show their respect to ladies. They always say Lady first. In their daily life. the English pay attention to their appearance. They dress neatly. They shake hands when they meet other. When they are with others, they usually say pleasethank yousorry and so on. The breakfast in Britain is very rich. Usually there are all kinds of egg products, oatmeal, bacon, ham, sausages, butter, jam, bread, milk, juice, coffee and so on. They are popular with the western countries. Whats more, the English like drinking tea. They have the habit of drink afternoon tea at about 3 in the afternoon. They enjoy drinking tea and treat it as a kind of seeing friends. 【参考译文】 英国人崇尚绅士风度和淑女风范，讲究女士优先。在日常生活中，英国人注意仪表，讲究穿著，英国人的见面礼是握手礼。与人交往时，注重用敬语请、谢谢对不起等。英式菜的早餐很丰盛，一般有各种蛋品、麦片粥、咸肉、火腿、香肠、黄油、果酱、面包、牛奶、果汁、咖啡等，受到
浅谈法国的饮食文化 在谈及法国饮食文化，我们先看一下法国的历史地理概况吧：法国先后经历过墨洛温王朝、加洛林王朝、卡佩王朝、瓦卢瓦王朝、波旁王朝以及第一、第二、第三、第四共和国，现在是法兰西第五共和国，在历届共和国期间法国爆发过很多次的革命，也涌现出了很多的历史名人像拿破仑等等。法国位于欧洲西部，与比利时、卢森堡、德国、瑞士、意大利、摩纳哥、安道尔和西班牙接壤，隔英吉利海峡与英国隔海相望。 法国是一个气候温和，土地肥沃，物产丰富，加之经济发达，给烹饪的发展提供了十分有利的物质基础。“法国人是为吃而生存”，这句话将法国人讲究吃的艺术形容得入木三分。那么法国的饮食到底具有什么样的特点呢？ 第一讲究调料：法国菜十分讲究调料，常用的香料有：百里香、迷迭香、月桂（香叶）、欧芹、龙蒿、肉豆蔻、藏红花、丁香花蕾等十多种。法国菜中胡椒最为常见，几乎每菜必用，但不用味精，极少用芫荽。调味汁多达百种以上，既讲究味道的细微差别，还考虑色泽的不同，百汁百味百色，使食用者回味无穷，并给人以美的享受。法国菜具有选料广泛、用料新鲜、装盘美观、品种繁多的特点。菜肴一般较生，还有吃生菜的习惯。在调味上，用酒较重，并讲究什么原料用什么酒。他们的口味肥浓、鲜嫩而忌辣。猪肉、牛肉、羊肉(肥嫩的)、鸡、鱼、虾、鸡蛋和各种烧卤肠子、素菜、水果是他们喜爱的食品，尤其爱吃菠萝。进餐时，冷盘为整块肉，边切边吃。法国餐在对菜的配料、火候的讲究、菜肴的搭配、选料的新鲜、不同地区的多元化菜肴以及菜肴烹调的细腻、合理性和艺术性都在其它西餐之上。法国美食在整体上包括：面包、糕点、冷食、熟食、肉制品、奶
酪和酒。 第二最求情调：法国人还特别追求进餐时的情调，比如精美的餐具、幽幽的烛光、典雅的环境等等。大一点的餐厅大都布置得富丽堂皇。有的店里还存有16世纪的路易十四时期的豪华家具，精致的银餐具、水晶杯子等昂贵、华丽的餐具。还有的餐馆把艺术收藏品作为店里的主打。墙上的名画是真正的珍品。绝不是牵强的装点门面的一般艺术挂画。也有的餐馆还将自己的收藏爱好放到店里与客人共享收藏乐趣，如果饭店的历史很短，他们也能想办法摆满各式鲜花。与品尝美味是绝好的情景交融。法国人将饮食还赋予哲学的意义，认为个人饮食应符合各自的教养与社会地位并将同桌共餐视为一种联络感情、广交朋友的高雅乐趣和享受。有一位被称为“世界级膳食家”的人曾说：“感受餐桌上的就餐气氛，就可以判断这个国家国民的整体个性”。看看法国人的美味佳肴以及用餐方式，不由得会让人想起克莱德曼手指下流淌出来的串串音符，浪漫而隽永，让你充分领略法式大菜散发馨香的艺术情调。 第三菜单简单：法国餐的菜单很简单，主莱不过10来种，但都制作精美，点菜的顺序是：头道菜一般是凉莱或汤，尽管菜单上有多个品种的“头道菜”供你选择，但只能选择一种，在上菜之前会有一道面包上来，吃完了以后服务员帮你撤掉盘子再上第2道菜。第2道是汤，美味的法式汤类，有浓浓的肉汤、清淡的蔬菜汤和鲜美的海鲜汤。第3道菜是一顿饭中的正菜，这是法式菜中最为发挥的一道菜。往往做得细腻、考究，令食客难忘。正餐里最多的是各种“排”一鸡排、鱼排、牛排、猪排。这所谓的排是剔除骨头和刺的净肉，再浇上配制独特的汁，味道鲜美，吃起来也方便。法菜中颇为有名的洋葱汤就是用低廉的洋葱加奶酪和面包片熬制的浓汤。法国的奶酪在世界上享有盛誉，它是由牛奶、羊奶混合加工而成，并有半凝固态、凝固态以及干块状的，又由于其颜色、味道的不同，可有上百种不同的奶酪。在就
美国饮食文化英语作文 You are what you eat.;Nutrition experts often use this saying to promote better eating habits.What we put in our mouths does become a part of us.But we can look at this statement another way.What we eat reflects who we are--as people and as a culture.Do you want to understand another culture?Then you ought to find out about its food.Learning about American food can give us a real taste of American culture. What is American food?At first you might think the answer is easy as pie.To many people,American food means hamburgers,hot dogs,fried chicken and pizza.If you have a sweet tooth,you might even think of apple pie or chocolate chip cookies.It's true that Americans do eat those things.But are those the only kind of vittles you can find in America? 带翻译： 你是你吃什么。,营养专家经常使用这句话来促动更好的饮食习惯。我们把我们的嘴的东西确实成为我们的一部分。但我们能够看看这个语句的另一种方法。我们是谁吃的反映出我们自己——不论什么人,如文化。你想了解另一种文化吗?然后你应该找出它的食物。学习美国食品能够给我们一个真正的美国文化的味道。 美国食物是什么?乍听之下你可能认为答案容易得很。对很多人来说,美式食物就是汉堡、热狗、炸鸡和披萨。如果你喜欢吃甜食,你可能会想到苹果派或巧克力片饼干。美国人确实吃这些东西。但这些就是你在美国找得到的食物吗?
淮阴工学院课程论文（2010-2011学年第二学期） 论文题目: 跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异——以中美饮食文化为例 课程名称：跨文化交际英语任课老师：余洪虹 姓名: 植云 班级: 艺术1093 学号: 1092202325
跨文化交际中的饮食文化差异 ——以中美饮食文化为例 摘要：饮食是一种文化，而不同的文化背景孕育着不同的饮食文化，中国饮食以食表意，其博大精深不可言喻，而美国的饮食则是吃什么就是什么。在中西方文化互相交融的今天，美国文化有值得我们学习和借鉴的地方，同时中华饮食文化的优点也要继承，本文着重从中美饮食文化进行比较，从而用客观的视角去审视中西方饮食文化。 关键词：饮食文化，中国饮食，美国饮食，文化差异 1中国饮食文化的特点 中国的历史悠久，文明源远流长，具有上下五千年的文化，因此饮食文化也比较丰富，它也是祖国丰富文化宝库中的一朵奇葩。中国从原始社会开始都是以大杂居为主，远古时期以部落为单位，后来一直演变，直到现代社会都是以家庭为单位，团团圆圆一直是中国人的愿望，中国人的集体意识形成了中国饮食文化的一大特点就是—一家人都是吃一桌菜，并且大多数家庭是以圆桌为主，一家人围在一起，表示家人和和睦睦、团团圆圆。中国人的饮食很讲究色、香、味原则，三者缺一不可，为使食物色美，通常是在青、绿、红、黄、白、黑、酱等色中取三至五色调配，也就是选用适当的荤素菜料，包括一种主料和二、三种不同颜色的配料，使用适当的烹法与调味，就能使得菜色美观。食物香喷，可以激发食欲，其方法即为加入适当的香料，如葱、姜、蒜、辣、酒、八角、桂皮、胡椒、麻油、香菇等，使烹煮的食物气味芬芳。烹调各种食物时，必须注重鲜味与原味的保留，尽量去除腥膻味；譬如烹调海鲜时，中国人则爱用葱姜。因此适量的使用如酱油、糖、醋、香料等各种调味品，可以使得嗜浓味者不觉其淡，嗜淡味者不嫌其浓，个人根据自己的口味选择。 因为中国自古以来地大物博、人口稠密，所以中国人的饮食从先秦开始，就是以谷物为主，肉少粮多，辅以菜蔬，这就是典型的饭菜结构。其中饭是主食，而菜则是为了下饭，即助饭下咽。因为主食并不可口，必须有一种物质来辅助它使人们能够吃下去。当然菜的功能和盐的功能有共同点，但是不等同于盐。因为主食的单一性，所以，只有在菜上面花功夫，因此，中国的菜大都比较注重口味，
法国大餐- 名称 法式菜肴的名菜有：马赛鱼羹、鹅肝排、巴黎龙虾、红酒山鸡、沙福罗鸡、鸡肝牛排等。 法国菜肴：法式茶烙饼 ·红汁黄瓜 ·冰冻茄丁 ·巴黎卷心菜 ·酸辣肚丝 ·核桃鸡汤 ·中法双松 ·鸡肉丸于汤 ·法国荞麦煎饼 ·猪肉冻子 ·中法双松 ·酸甜莴笋 ·面壳肠子 ·菠萝莴 笋 ·桔香法式吐司 ·法式蘑菇蛋卷 ·菠菜乳酪焗生蚝 ·芦笋浓汤 ·鹅肝温沙拉 ·瓤馅鸡肉 饼 ·法式蜗牛 ·法式拌菜花 ·法式火焰薄饼 ·法国白酒田螺 ·法国荞麦煎饼 ·法式洋葱 汤 ·法国鹅肝酱煎鲜贝 ·法式鱼卷 ·面壳肠子 ·鸡肉丸子汤 ·中法双松 ·槟榔排骨锅 ·海带芥末沙司 ·马乃司拌莴笋 ·白菜薄荷 ·束法鸡 ·芥末拌黄瓜 ·猪肉冻子 ·红汁黄瓜 ·洞房喜汤 ·白酒法国田螺 ·草莓黄瓜 ·韩氏鳀鱼炒香菇 ·炖小牛肉 ·咸蛋挞 ·菊莴苣色拉 ·奶油牛肉丁番茄汤 ·冷烤鸡 ·菠菜沙拉 ·黄瓜粉皮 ·巴黎卷心菜 ·卷心菜包肉 ·牛肉丸子汤 ·翡翠肉汤 ·冰冻茄丁 ·奶汁海带 ·法式洋葱汤 ·素菜泥汤 ·烤羊肉 ·茄子沙拉 ·西红柿花双 拼 ·多味鱼汤 ·鸡肉沙拉 ·鳄梨生鲑鱼 ·马背上的魔鬼 ·洋葱汤 ·蒸鸡蛋肉卷 ·法式烩土 豆 ·茭白虾冻 ·鸡蛋番茄沙拉 ·酸辣肚丝 ·海鳗汤 ·鹅肝酱煎鲜贝 ·法式鱼卷 ·芦笋浓 汤 ·蟹黄活虾 ·红烩肉杂拌 ·咖喱油烟虾段 ·法式火焰薄饼 ·酸甜莴笋 ·煎龙虾肉 ·香脂醋风味烤鸡 ·西红柿百里香鳕鱼 ·烘焙芦笋 ·鲑鱼奶油冻 ·生耗鱼汤 法国各地的特色美食： 马赛--"普罗旺斯鱼汤" 阿尔萨斯--"四喜炖肉" 布列塔尼--"油煎鸡蛋薄饼" 图卢兹--"什锦砂锅" 勃艮第--"牛肉" 阿登--火腿 里昂--香肠 萨瓦--干酪 诺曼底--卡芒贝尔干酪
China covers a large territory and has many nationalities, hence a variety of Chinese food with different but fantastic and mouthwatering flavor. Since China's local dishes have their own typical characteristics, generally, Chinese food can be roughly divided into eight regional cuisines, which has been widely accepted around. Certainly, there are many other local cuisines that are famous, such as Beijing Cuisine and Shanghai Cuisine. 中国地域辽阔，民族众多，因此各种中国饮食口味不同，却都味美，令人垂涎。因为中国地方菜肴各具特色，总体来讲，中国饮食可以大致分为八大地方菜系，这种分类已被广为接受。当然，还有其他很多着名的地方菜系，例如北京菜和上海菜。 Shandong Cuisine 山东菜系 Consisting of Jinan cuisine and Jiaodong cuisine, Shandong cuisine, clear, pure and not greasy, is characterized by its emphasis on aroma, freshness, crispness and tenderness. Shallot and garlic are usually used as seasonings so Shangdong dishes tastes pungent usually. Soups are given much emphasis in Shangdong dishes. Thin soup features clear and fresh while creamy soup looks thick and tastes strong. Jinan cuisine is adept at deep-frying, grilling, frying and stir-frying while Jiaodong division is famous for cooking seafood with fresh and light taste. 山东菜系，由济南菜系和胶东菜系组成，清淡，不油腻，以其香，鲜，酥，软而闻名。因为使用青葱和大蒜做为调料，山东菜系通常很辣。山东菜系注重汤品。清汤清澈新鲜，而油汤外观厚重，味道浓重。济南菜系擅长炸，烤，煎，炒，而胶东菜系则以其烹饪海鲜的鲜淡而闻名。Shandong is the birthplace of many famous ancient scholars such as Confucious and Mencius. And much of Shandong cuisine's history is as old as Confucious himself, making it the oldest existing major cuisine in China. But don't expect to gain more wisdom from a fortune cookie at a Shandong restaurant in the West since fortune cookies aren't even indigenous to China. 山东是许多着名学者的故乡，例如孔夫子和孟子。许多山东菜的历史和孔夫子一样悠久，使得山东菜系成为中国现存的最古老的主要菜系之一。但是不要期望在西方国家的山东菜馆里从签饼(中国餐馆的折叠形小饼,内藏有预测运气话语的纸条)获得更多的好运气，因为签饼在中国也不是本土的。 Shandong is a large peninsula surrounded by the sea to the East and the Yellow River meandering through the center. As a result, seafood is a major component of Shandong cuisine. Shandong's most famous dish is the Sweat and Sour Carp. A truly authentic Sweet and Sour Carp must come from the Yellow River. But with the current amount of pollution in the Yellow River, you would be better off if the carp was from elsewhere. Shandong dishes are mainly quick-fried, roasted, stir-fried or deep-fried. The dishes are mainly clear, fresh and fatty, perfect with Shandong's own famous beer, Qingdao Beer 山东是个巨大的被向东流去的大海环绕的半岛，黄河曲折的流经其中部。因此海鲜是山东菜系的主要构成。山东最着名的菜肴是糖醋鲤鱼。正宗的糖醋鲤鱼必须打捞自黄河。但是因为现在黄河的众多污染，其他地方的鲤鱼更好一些。山东菜主要是速炸，烧烤，炒或深炸。菜肴清新肥美，搭配山东本地的着名啤酒——青岛啤酒就完美了。 Sichuan Cuisine 四川菜系 Sichuan Cuisine, known often in the West as Szechuan Cuisine, is one of the most famous Chinese cuisines in the world. Characterized by its spicy and pungent flavor, Sichuan cuisine, prolific of tastes, emphasizes on the use of chili. Pepper and prickly ash also never fail to accompany, producing typical exciting tastes. Besides, garlic, ginger and fermented soybean are also used in the cooking process. Wild vegetables and animals are usually chosen as ingredients, while frying, frying without oil,
美联英语提供：英国饮食文化之早餐篇 分享一个免费试听课，名额有限，碰碰运气吧 https://www.doczj.com/doc/c02432807.html,/test/xingzuo.html?tid=16-73675-0 Today people in the UK eat a more varied diet than ever before. As well as the regional diets of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland the many immigrant communities have introduced their cuisines to the previously unadventurous Britons: Chinese, Greek, Indian, Italian, Thai, American fast foods such as pizza, hamburgers and fried chicken have to some extent displaced the traditional fast food of fish and chips. 今天，人们在英国吃了更多样化的饮食比以往任何时候。以及区域饮食的英格兰，苏格兰，威尔士和北爱尔兰，许多移民社区介绍了他们的菜以前unadventurous英国人：中国，希腊，印度，意大利，泰国，美国快餐食品，如比萨饼，汉堡包和炸鸡已在一定程度上取代传统的快餐店的炸鱼和薯条。 Because of the climate and the Germanic origins of many of its early people, the UK has been a traditionally beer drinking rather than a wine drinking country. Nevertheless, in recent years, vineyards in the south of England have proved successful. In the west of England the traditional drink is cider, rather than beer. Over Britain as a whole, however, the traditional drink is tea. 由于气候和日耳曼起源及其早期的许多人，英国一直是传统上喝啤酒，而不是葡萄酒
French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supported by the French passion for good food in all its forms, France's extraordinary range of different geographies and climates which support the local production of all types of ingredients, and France's long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food is an understanding of France itself. Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette plus cheese plus inexpensive wine, to very elaborate affairs that can involve a dozen courses and different wines consumed over several hours. Obviously, the latter type of dining is exceptional for most people. However, it is this more sophisticated dining which is typically found in "French restaurants" outside France, giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated. In fact, much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on high quality fresh ingredients and loving preparation rather than complex recipes. It is common in much of France to take a two hour break for lunch, with many working parents (particularly in villages and smaller towns) returning home for lunch. In some areas, mainly in the south of France, even longer lunch breaks are taken. Due to the long lunch break, businesses which close for this period typically reopen around 2PM or so and then stay open until about 7PM. Regional influences on French food Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialities, some of which have become popular throughout France (such as Coq au Vin and Foie Gras) while others are mainly enjoyed in the regions in which they originate. Although regional specialities are often offered throughout France, the quality of ingredients and preparation is often superior in their region of origin. Each region, in addition to boasting local specialities, also has a general style of cooking and choice of ingredients. For example, in Provence the food typically features olive oil, herbs and tomatoes. The evolution of regional cooking styles has been influenced by: Local availability The French, a nation of gourmets, know that the best food is made from local ingredients, which are fresher and of better quality than items which have been transported long distances. Consequently, coastal regions (such as Brittany and Normandy, on the northwest coast of France) will favour sea fish and will use it more often and in more varied ways than inland areas. Likewise, areas where fruit or herbs grow easily, will incorporate these into their local cuisine. Neighbouring countries and immigration Areas of France which border on other countries have incorporated some of the cuisine of their neighbours. It is not surprising to find Italian dishes near the Italian border. More notably, the French region of Alsace is similar to Germany in its food (sauerkraut is
法国饮食文化 李子杰 电子科学与工程学院电子科学与技术 B14020317 摘要：法国的饮食文化是欧洲饮食文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分，法国 饮食文化体现法国人对精致生活的态度。在这个浪漫的国度里，讲究的美食背后体现了法国社会的人文气息、历史文化传统，同时法国民族独特的生存环境、历史发展轨迹等诸多因素都深刻影响着法国饮食文化的形成。 关键词：法国，饮食文化，饮食特色 时装、香水、美食，是法国形象的三大象征。在这个浪漫而艺术的国度，饮食早已不仅仅是生存的必需，它更是一种生活的哲学、生活的艺术，是创造的源泉。如果说这个世界上还有哪个国家的人会像中国那样对美食倾注全部身心并乐此不疲，那就是法国人。有人形象地说：如果中国大餐像是一首混声大合唱，那法国大餐就像是一支浪漫的小夜曲。 温和的气候、肥沃的土地、丰富的物产，以及发达的经济，都给法国的饮食文化提供了非常有利的发展基础。欧洲人认为法国菜是世界上最高级的菜，其选材广泛、用料新鲜、装盘美观、品类繁多，渗透着很深的文化内涵。在中国有“民以食为天”的饮食观点，类似的“法国人是为了吃而生存”，这句话入木三分地画出法国人对饮食的讲究已经上升到了艺术的层面。法国人除了对食物讲究色香味及营养外，还特别追求进餐时的情调，法国人甚至将饮食赋予哲学的意义，将同桌共餐视为一种联络感情、广交朋友的高雅乐趣和享受。 一、菜肴文化 法国菜在欧洲负有盛名，在欧洲的一流饭店或者餐馆所雇佣的大厨大多是法国人，由此奠定了法国菜在世界上的烹饪地位。法国人对精致生活的追求态度在饮食方面体现得淋漓尽致。早在十七世纪，法兰西王公贵族因引领着当时的烹饪技术的潮流。精致的法餐主要包括三大因素：食材上等、厨艺精湛的主厨、高雅的用餐环境。在烹调时，火候占了非常重要的一环，比如牛肉通常是烹制成六至七成熟，而海鲜不可过熟。法餐对火候的讲究，“艺术”般的菜肴搭配，选料的多样，加之不同地区的多元化菜肴和细腻的烹饪，这无不使得法餐在合理性、艺术性方面都优胜于其他西餐。另外，法国菜十分注重调料，可以说调料的使用是法国菜的精髓。常用是香料有：胡椒、香叶、龙蒿、欧芹、肉豆蔻、藏红花、丁香花等等。调味汁更是多达几百种以上，不仅讲究味道的细微之别，而且要考虑到色泽的不同，可谓是“色香味俱全”，刺激着人的每个感官，完全调动了舌头的每个味蕾细胞，令人回味无穷。在调味方面，法国人比较善于用酒，对酒与菜的搭配很是讲究。通常在餐前，他们会饮用较淡的开胃酒；在食用沙拉、汤、海鲜时，他们会搭配着白葡萄酒或者玫瑰酒；当法餐选材特别，在这里不食用肉类时，他们则会饮用红酒。 二、特色美食
浅析美国饮食文化 摘要： 美国式饮食不讲究精细，追求快捷方便，也不奢华，比较大众化。一日三餐都比较随便。关键词：饮食美国菜文化大众化 一、美国的特殊文化背景对烹饪菜肴的影响 要想了解美国的饮食文化必须先浅谈一些美国的历史、地理及风土人情。一个国家民族饮食文化的形成与发展有两大主要因素，一个是乡土性的地缘因素（Regionalism）,一个是多元性的人为因素（Diversity）。对美国而言，多元性的人为因素比乡土性的地缘因素更具有关键性的影响。美国的情况则比较特殊，土地广阔、历史短而且有一百多个国家不同种族的人移民到美国，现在的总人口约二亿八千万，其中西班牙语系的居民约有四千三百万，黑人约三千六百万，亚洲来的移民也已经超过一千万，这么庞大的外来族移民在美国，成家立业，落地生根，让美国成为世界人种的大熔炉。所以，美国食品菜肴的形成也就来自这个“大熔炉”。美国人日常生活接触到最多的食品如汉堡包、炸鸡、比萨、酱汁面条、塔可卷饼、三明治、热狗、炸薯条，天天全都是早期从西欧各国传入的舶来品，牛排、羊排、猪扒、鱼排也不是美国最早发明的食品，因此有许多人用严厉的眼光、严格的尺度来衡量，认为这些都不能算是美国菜。在美国居住的人群不是同文同种，不是同宗同源，世界各国传到美国的风味菜肴日久天长就发生了“因地制宜，因人而异”的变化了。 二、早期美国厨艺水平落后的原因 早期美国烹饪业不发达，厨艺水平落后的原因有三项。第一、历史与文化的长度及深度不够。美国自1776年成为独立自主的国家至今只有230年的历史，第二次世界大战胜利之后逐渐发展成为富裕强国至今也只有五六十年的历史，美国原始的印第安人在拼命的找寻赖以生存的食物，希望能让自己及家人生活下去的时候，他们根本不可能创造发明什么美食，更不可能开创全国性的统一菜肴了。第二，美国的立国精神及民族偏向保守朴实。17世纪初期英国的清教徒为了宗教自由及宣扬基督教义，带着冒险奋斗不怕吃苦的精神大船横越大西洋来到美国。这些虔诚的清教徒重视精神生活而不注重物质生活，重视宗教礼仪，提倡勤劳朴实的生活方式。这些人是美国的老祖宗，他们在美国生活的子孙后代也袭承了优良传统，养成俭朴有礼循规蹈矩的道德规范。他们这种俭朴不浪费、不虚荣、实事求是的主流价值观限制了、阻碍了美食的进步与发展。第三，美国没有宫廷皇室的推动与鼓励。中国、法国、意大利、西班牙甚至波斯、印度、泰国都曾经有过非常重视美食的皇家贵族。很可惜，美国