化工专业英语词汇reaction kinetics 反应动力学
reactant 反应物
purify 精制提纯
recycle 循环回收
unconverted reactant未转化的反应物
chemical reactor
transfer of heat,
evaporation,
crystallization结晶
drying干燥
screening筛选，浮选
chemical reaction化学反应
cracking of petroleum石油裂解
catalyst催化剂，
reaction zone反应区
conservation of mass and energy能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步
efficiency improvement 效率提高
reaction 反应
separation 分离
heat exchange 热交换
reactive distillation 反应精馏
capital expenditure 基建投资
setup 装置
capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资
yield 产率，收率
reaction byproduct 反应副产物
equilibrium constant 平衡常数
waste 废物
feedstock 进料，原料
product 产物，产品
percent conversion百分比转化率
ether 乙醚
gasoline汽油
oxygenate content 氧含量
catalyst 催化剂
reactant 反应物
inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质
reactive distillation 反应精馏
energy saving 节约能量
energy efficiency 能量效率
heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 制药
foodstuff 食品
gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数
gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附
specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品
batch间歇的；continuous：连续的
micro-reactor 微型反应器
hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethylene epoxidation 乙烯环氧化反应
phosgene synthesis 光气合成.
commercial proportions 商业规模
replication 复制
sensor 传感器，探头
separation of solids 固体分离
suspension 悬浮液
porous medium 多孔介质
filtration 过滤
medium 介质
filter 过滤器
trap 收集，捕集
Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗
Vacuum 真空
conical funnel 锥形漏斗
filter paper 滤纸
area 面积
filter cake 滤饼
factor 因数，因子，系数，比例
viscosity 黏度
density 密度
corrosive property 腐蚀性
particle size 颗粒尺寸
shape 形状
size distribution 粒度分布
packing characteristics填充性质
concentration 浓度
filtrate 滤液
feed liquor 进料液
pretreatment 预处理
latent heat 潜热
resistance 阻力
surface layer 表面层
filtering medium 过滤介质
drop in pressure 压降
filtering surface 过滤表面
filter cake 滤饼
cake filtration 饼层过滤
deep bed filtration 深层过滤
depth 深度
law 定律
net flow 净流量
conduction 传导
convection 对流
radiation 辐射
temperature gradient 温度梯度
metallic solid 金属固体
thermal conduction 热传导
motion of unbound electrons 自由电子的运动electrical conductivity 导电性
thermal conductivity 导热性
poor conductor of electricity 不良导电体transport of momentum 动量传递
the random motion of molecules 分子无规则运动brick wall 墙壁
furnace 火炉，燃烧器
metal wall of a tube 金属管壁
macroscopic particle 宏观的粒子
control volume 控制体
enthalpy 焓
macroscopic phenomenon 宏观现象
forces of friction 摩擦力
fluid mechanics 流体力学
flux（通量，流通量）of enthalpy 焓通量
eddy 尾流，涡流
turbulent flow 湍流
natural and forced convection 自然对流和强制对流buoyancy force 浮力
temperature gradient 温度梯度
electromagnetic wave 电磁波
fused quartz 熔化的石英
reflect 反射，inflection:折射
matte无光泽的，无光的
temperature level 温度高低
inter-phase mass transfer界相际间质量传递
rate of diffusion扩散速率
acetone 丙酮
dissolve 溶解
ammonia 氨
ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物
physical process 物理过程
oxides of nitrogen 氮氧化物
nitric acid 硝酸
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
sodium hydroxide 氢氧化钠
actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率
two-film theory 双膜理论
concentration difference 浓度差
in the vicinity of 在…附近，靠近..,大约…，在…左右molecular diffusion 分子扩散
laminar sub-layer 层流底层
resistance 阻力，阻止
boundary layer 边界层
Fick’s Law费克定律
is proportional to 与…成比例
concentration gradient 浓度梯度
plate tower 板式塔
installation 装置
feed 进料
bottom 底部，塔底
solvent 溶剂
top 顶部，塔顶
partial vaporization 部分汽化
boiling point 沸点
equimolecular counter-diffusion 等分子反向扩散
ideal system 理想系统
ratio of A to B A与B的比值
with the result that：由于的缘故，鉴于的结果
tray 塔板
packed tower 填料塔
bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔
spray chamber 喷淋室
maintenance expense 维修费
foundation 基础
tower shell 塔体
packing material 填料
pump 泵
blower 风机
accessory heater 附属加热器
cooler 冷却器
heat exchanger 换热器
solvent-recovery system 溶剂回收系统operating cost 操作费用
power 动力
circulating gas 循环气
labor 劳动力
steam蒸汽
regenerate再生
cooling water 冷却水
solvent make-up 补充溶剂
optimum 最优的
unabsorbed component未吸收组分
purity纯度
volatility挥发性
vapor pressure蒸汽压
liquid mixture 液体混合物
condense凝缩，冷凝
binary distillation双组分精馏
multi-component distillation多组分精馏stage-type distillation column级板式精馏塔mount 安装，固定
conduit导流管）,
downcomer 降液管
gravity重力
weir溢流堰
vapor-liquid contacting device汽液接触装置valve tray浮阀塔板
reboiler再沸器
vaporization汽化
condensate冷凝液，凝缩液
overhead vapor塔顶汽体
condenser冷凝器i
feed tray进料板
base塔底，基础
bottoms product塔底产品condensation冷凝
stripping section汽提段,提馏段
distillate section精馏段
total condense全凝器
distillate product塔顶馏出产品
reflux回流
thermodynamic equilibrium 热力学平衡solution溶液
fractional crystallization分步结晶
solubility，溶解度，溶解性
soluble可溶解的
solvent溶剂
employ采纳，利用
miscible可混合的，可溶的，可搅拌的mechanical separation 机械分离）
liquid-liquid extraction 液液萃取
aromatic 芳香烃的
paraffin石蜡，链烷烃
lubricating oil润滑油
decompose分解，离解，还原，腐烂
penicillin青霉素
streptomycin（链霉素）
precipitation沉淀，沉析
ethyl alcohol乙醇)
extract萃取液
heat requirement热负荷
solute溶质
extract phase萃取相
baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板
settling tank沉降槽
centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离
emulsifying agent乳化剂
density difference密度差
raffinate萃余液
extract 萃取液
drying of Solids 固体干燥
process material过程物料(相对最终产品而言的） organic有机的，有机物的
benzene苯
humidity湿度
moisture content湿含量
drying rate干燥速率
critical moisture content临界湿湿含量
falling-rate降速
concave （凸的，凸面）or convex（凹的，凹面）approximate to：接近，趋近
straight line：直线
constant-rate drying period恒速干燥阶段
convection drying对流干燥
drying gas干燥气体
falling-rate period降速干燥阶段
mean value平均值
vacuum drying真空干燥
discolor变色，脱色
sublime升华
freeze drying冷冻干燥
adiabatic绝热的，不传热的
pressure gradient
perpendicular to：与----垂直
counter-current逆流
per unit area单位面积
water-cooling tower水冷塔
sensible heat（sensible heat：显热）
water droplet水珠，水滴
quantitative relation定量关系
thermal diffusion热扩散
at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直
by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于
molecular transfer分子传递
balance 抵消，平衡
drag forces曳力
a function of …的函数
of the same order具有同一数量级
eddy diffusion涡流扩散
is almost inversely proportional to 几乎与…成反比Reynolds number雷诺准数
fully developed turbulent flow充分发展湍流
coefficient系数
In principle从原理而言
exothermic（放热的，endothermic吸热的,adiabatic绝热的）triple bond三健，三价
nitrogen oxides氮氧化物
compound化合物
conversion转化，转化率
protein蛋白质
compress压缩
reaction yield反应产率
reaction speed反应速度
one-pass（单程） reactor
energy input能量输入
maximum最大的
near toequilibrium接近平衡
output产出，输出，产量
fertilizer化肥
urea尿素
ammonium nitrate硝酸铵
ammonium phosphate磷酸铵
ammonium sulfate硫酸铵
diammonium hydrogen phosphate磷酸二氢铵 ash纯碱
pyridine砒啶
polymers聚合物
nylon尼龙
acrylics丙烯酸树脂
via经，由，通过，借助于
hydrogen cyanide氰化氢
nitric acid硝酸
bulk explosive集装炸药
crude oil原油
natural gas天然气
bitumen沥青
fossil fuel化石燃料
seepage渗出物
asphalt沥青
oil drilling采油
gasoline汽油
paint涂料
plastic塑料
synthetic rubber合成橡胶
fiber纤维
soap肥皂
cleansing agent清洗剂
wax石蜡
explosive炸药
oil shale油页岩
deposit沉积物
aquatic plant 水生植物
sedimentary rock沉积岩
sandstone砂岩
siltstone泥岩
tar sand沥青石
chain-shaped链状的
methane甲烷
paraffin石蜡，烷烃
ring-shaped（环状的）hydrocarbon naphthene环烷烃
naphtha石脑油
tarry柏油的，焦油的，焦油状的asphaltene沥青油
impurity杂质
pollutant 污染物
combustion燃烧
capillarity毛细现象，毛细管力
viscous resistance粘性阻力
barrel桶(国际原油计量单位)
tanker油轮
kerosene煤油
heavy gas oil重瓦斯油
reforming重整
cracking裂化
octane number of gasoline汽油辛烷值
branched-chain（带支链的）
materials science材料科学
mechanical, thermal, chemical, electric, magnetic, and optical behavior. （机械性能、热学性能、化学性能、电学性能、磁性能、光学性能）
Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉
solid state physics固体物理学
metallurgy 冶金学，冶金术
magnet 磁铁，有吸引力的人或物
insulation 绝缘
catalytic cracking 催化裂化
structural steels 结构钢
computer microchip 计算机芯片
Aerospace 航空
Telecommunication 电信
information processing 信息处理
nuclear power 核能
energy conversion 能量转化
internal structure 内部结构
defect structure 结构缺陷
crystal flaw 晶体瑕疵
vacant atomic site 原子空位
dislocation 错位
precipitate 沉淀物
semiconductor 半导体
mechanical disturbance 机械扰动
ductility 延展性
brittleness 脆性
spinning electrons 旋转电子
amorphous 非定型的，非晶型的，非结晶的，玻璃状的；无一定目的的，乱七八糟
chemical process safety 化工过程安全
exotic chemistry 奇异化学
hydrodynamic model水力学模型
two-phase flow两相流
dispersion model分散模型
toxic有毒的
release释放，排放
probability of failure失效概率
accident prevention事故预防
hard hat 安全帽
safety shoe防护鞋
rules and regulations 规章制度
loss prevention损失预防
hazard identification 危害辩识，
technical evaluation技术评估
safety management support安全管理基础知识safety experience安全经验
technical competence技术能力
safety knowledge安全知识
design engineer设计师
cost engineer造价师
process engineering过程工程
plant layout工厂布局
general service facilities公用工程
plant location工厂选址
close teamwork紧密的团队协作
specialized group专业组
storage仓库
waste disposal废物处理
terminology术语，词汇
accountant会计师，会计，出纳
final-proposal决议
tangible return有形回报
Empirical model 经验模型
process control（过程控制）
first-principles基本原理，基本规则
regression model回归模型.
operating condition操作条件
nonlinear-equation-solving technique非线性方程求解技术process-simulation software packages过程模拟软件包least-squares-regression最小二乘法
statistical technique 统计技术
intensity强度，程度
phenomenological model 现象模型
model identification模式识别
neural network神经网络
a priori：先验的，既定的，不根据经验的，由原因推出结果的，演绎的，直觉的process data historian：过程数据历史编撰师
qualitative定性的
quantitative precision定量的精确
high-fidelity高保真的
computationally intensive计算量大的
mathematical expression
steady-state model稳态模型
bioengineering生物工程
artificial人工的
hearing aid助听器
artificial limb假肢
supportive or substitute organ辅助或替代器官
biosynthesis生物合成
life scientist生命科学家
agricultural engineer农艺师
fermentation发酵
civil engineer土木工程师
sanitation卫生
physiologists生理学
criteria 指标
human medicine人体医学
medical electronics医疗电子
medical instrumentation医疗器械
blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学
prosthetics假肢器官学
biomechanics生物力学
surgeon外科医生
replacement organ器官移植
physiologist生理学家
counterpart对应物，配对物
psychology心理学
self-taught自学
barrier障碍物
medical engineering医学工程，医疗工程
health care保健
diagnostic application of computers计算机诊断
agricultural engineering农业工程
biological production生物制品生产
bionics（仿生学）
human-factors engineering人类与环境工程
environmental health engineering环境健康工程environmentally benign processing环境友好加工
commodity or specialty通用商品或特殊化学品
styrene苯乙烯
ibuprofen异丁苯丙酸
the Chemical Manufacturers Association化工生产协会
as a whole整体而言
emission释放物，排放物
voluntary自愿的，无偿的，义务的；有意的，随意的；民办的in the absence of无---存在
deactivate失活
bulk chemical 大宗化工产品
Fine chemical 精细化工
Pharmaceutical制药
segment段，片，区间，部门，部分；弓形，圆缺；分割，切断tonnage吨位，吨数，吨产量
inorganic salt无机盐
hydroquinone 对苯二酚
demonstrate论证，证明，证实；说明，表明，显示
forefront最前线，最前沿
Lewis acid不可再生的路易斯酸
anhydrous无水的
phaseout消除
HF alkylation氰氟酸烷基化
catalytic oxidation催化氧化
governmental regulation政府规定
pharmaceutical intermediate药物中间体
stereoselective立体选择性的
ketone酮
functional group官能团
detrimental有害的
chlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂
carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳
straightforward简单明了的
coordinating ligand配合体，向心配合体
kilogram千克
thermal stability热稳定性
devastate破坏，蹂躏
outline描绘，勾勒
membrane technology膜技术
production line生产线
dairy牛奶
water purification水净化
lifetime寿命
membrane module膜组件
durability 耐久性，寿命，使用期限，强度
chemical additive添加剂
end-of-pipe solution 最终方案
closed system封闭系统
substitute取代，替代
technical challenge技术挑战，技术困难
wastewater treatment污水处理
fouling污垢，发泡
surface treatment表面处理
applied Chemistry应用化学
nomenclature of chemical compound化学化合物的命名法descriptive 描述性的
prefix前缀
alkane烷烃
family族
carbon skeleton碳骨架
chain链
Latin or Greek stem 拉丁或者希腊词根
suffix后缀
constitute取代物，取代基
homologous series同系物
branched chain支链烷烃
parent母链，主链
derivative衍生物
substituent取代基
locant位次，位标
replicating prefix重复前缀词
Gas and Liquid Chromatography气相色谱与液相色谱
analytical chemistry分析化学
moving gas stream移动的气流
heats of solution and vaporization溶解热和汽化热activity coefficient活度系数
counteract抵消
milliliter毫升
essential oil香精油
test mixture测试混合物
sample样品
helium氦
argon氩
carrier载体
injection注射
stationary nonvolatile phase静止的不挥发相
detector检测器
fraction collector馏分收集器
columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪retention volume保留体积
retention times保留时间
high-performance高性能
mobile phase移动相
high-efficiency高效的
analyte分析物
plane chromatography薄层色谱
capillary action毛细管作用
assay分析化验
fluorescence 荧光色，荧光
retardation factor保留因子，延迟因子
化工专业英语词汇 reacti on kin etics 反应动力学 reacta nt 反应物 purify精制提纯 recycle循环回收 uncon verted reacta nt 未转化的反应物 chemical reactor tran sfer of heat, evaporati on, crystallizatio n 结晶 drying 干燥 screening 筛选，浮选 chemical reacti on 化学反应 crack ing of petroleum 石油裂解 catalyst催化剂， reacti on zone 反应区 con servati on of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律tech ni cal adva nee 技术进步
efficie ncy improveme nt 效率提高 reacti on 反应 separatio n 分离 heat excha nge 热交换 reactive distillatio n 反应精馏 capital expe nditure 基建投资 setup 装置 capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reacti on byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium con sta nt 平衡常数 waste 废物 feedstock 进料，原料 product 产物，产品 perce nt conv ersi on 百分比转化率 ether乙醚 gasoline 汽油 oxyge nate content 氧含量 catalyst催化剂 reacta nt 反应物
全国2011年7月高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket. (30 %) 1. Grammarians insist that a word be a __________ form that can function in a sentence. ( ) A. small B. large C. fixed D. free 2. In the earliest stage of English, the written form of a word should ________ that of the oral form. ( ) A. agree with B. disagree with C. be the same as D. be different from 3. ____________consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicine, mathematics, etc. ( ) A. Terminology B. Jargon C. Slang D. Argot 4. Social, economic and political changes bring about such new words as the followings EXCEPT_________. ( ) A. fast food B. TV dinner C. Mao jackets D. Watergate 5. Reviving archaic words also contributes to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, “loan”, which was prevalent in the thirteenth century, was replaced by “ __________ ” in American English. ( ) A. own B. let C. rent D. lend 6. If we say that Old English was a language of __________ endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings. ( ) A. full B. short C. long D. paralleled 00832# 英语词汇学试卷第1页共6页
a function of …的函数absorption：吸附acetone 丙酮 acrylics丙烯酸树脂Aerospace 航空agricultural engineering农业工程 agricultural engineer农艺师Amalgam 汞齐，水银；混合物，交叉 ammonia 氨ammonium nitrate硝酸铵ammonium sulfate 硫酸铵analyte分析物analytical chemistry分析化学 amorphous 非定型的,非晶型的,非结晶的,玻璃状的;无一定目的的,乱七八糟approximate to：接近，趋近area 面积argon氩aromatic 芳香烃的 as a whole整体而言ash纯碱asphalt沥青 a priori：先验的,既定的,不根据经验的,由原因推出结果的,演绎的,直觉的 accessory heater 附属加热器accident prevention事故预防 accountant会计师，会计，出纳activity coefficient活度系数 actualrate of absorption 实际吸收速率adiabatic绝热的，不传热的 alkane烷烃ammonia-air mixture 氨气-水混合物 ammonium phosphate磷酸铵anhydrous无水的applied Chemistry应用化学 aquatic plant 水生植物artificial人工的asphaltene沥青油 assay分析化验at right angles to 与…成直角，与…垂直 bottoms product塔底产品baffle-plate折流挡板，缓冲挡板 balance 抵消，平衡barrier障碍物batch间歇的；benzene苯 binary distillation双组分精馏bioengineering生物工程bionics（仿生学） biosynthesis生物合成blower 风机boundary layer 边界层 brick wall 墙壁brittleness 脆性bubble-cap tower 泡罩塔 Buchner funnel 布氏漏斗bulk explosive集装炸药buoyancy force 浮力 by virtue of 由于，根据，凭借于barrel桶(国际原油计量单位) base塔底，基础biological production生物制品生产 biomechanics生物力学bitumen沥青blood-flow dynamics血液流动动力学 boiling point 沸点bottom 底部，塔底branched chain支链烷烃 branched-chain（带支链的）bulk chemical 大宗化工产品 capillary action毛细管作用carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 capital expenditure 基建投资 carbon skeleton碳骨架 capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资carrier载体 carbon tetrachloride四氯化碳straightforward简单明了的catalyst 催化剂 catalyst催化剂，catalytic cracking 催化裂化 catalytic oxidation催化氧化chemical additive添加剂 centrifuge离心.离心机，离心分离chemical process safety 化工过程安全 chain-shaped链状的chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization结晶chain链c hlorofluorocarbon二氯二氟化碳，氟里昂 chemical reaction化学反应c irculating gas 循环气 civil engineer土木工程师closed system封闭系统 cleansing agent清洗剂compound化合物 close teamwork紧密的团队协作computer microchip 计算机芯片 coefficient系数concentration difference 浓度差 columnar liquid chromatography柱状液相色谱仪concentration gradient 浓度梯度combustion燃烧condensate冷凝液，凝缩液 commercial proportions 商业规模condensation冷凝
精细化工专业常用英语专业词 汇 (400) 1998年8月 A abscissa n. 横座标abundance n. 丰富, 充裕acceptor n. 接受体accumulator n. 储料器 acetic acid n. 醋酸, 乙酸acknowledge v. &n. 致谢activation n. 活化acylation n. 酰化 addition n. 加成反应adhesive n. 粘合剂advancement n. 进展，增长advantageous adj. 有利的 aerosol n. 烟雾 affinity n. 亲合力 agent n. 试剂aldehyde n. 醛 aldol n. 醛醇aliphatic acid n. 脂肪酸 alkaline adj. 碱的 alkaloid n. 生物碱 alkane n. 烷烃 alkene n. 烯烃alkylation n. 烃化, 烷基化alkyl halide n. 烷基卤, 卤烷alkyne n. 炔alphabetic adj. 依字母顺序ambiguity n. 模糊, 意义不明确amide n. 酰胺amine n. 胺amino acid n. 氨基酸amorphous adj. 无定形analogue n. 类似物anhydride n. 酸酐aniline n. 苯胺anion n. 阴离子anomaly n. 异常，反常antibiotics n. 抗菌素antifreezing agent n. 抗冻剂antioxidant n. 抗氧剂appreciable adj. 可估计的architect n. 建筑师, 设计师arene n. 芳烃aromatic adj. 芳香的aromatization n. 芳构化asymmetric adj. 不对称的autooxidation n. 自氧化awarenness n, 意识azeotrope n.共沸混合物azo dye n. 偶氮染料 B backup n. /adj 备用设备base n. 碱, 基, 底beaker n. 烧杯benzene n. 苯biological degradation n. 生物降解biosynthesis vt. 生物合成bleach vt. 漂白bond n. 键branched chain n. 支链budget n. & v. 预算bubble-cap tower n. 泡罩塔buffer n. 缓冲,缓冲剂 C carbanion n. 负碳离子, 阴碳离子carbene n. 碳烯, 卡宾carbide n. 碳化物, 碳化钙carbocation n. 正碳离子, 阳碳离子carbonyl group n. 羰基carboxy group n. 羧基carboxylic acid n. 羧酸carcinogenic adj. 致癌的β-carotene n. β胡萝卜素carrier n. 载体cartridge n. 软片暗盒catalysis n. 催化(作用) cation n. 阳离子cellulose n. 纤维素ceramic adj/n. 陶瓷(的) chemical shift n. 化学位移chirality n. 手性chlorination n. 氯化作用chlorohydrocarbon n. 氯代烃chromophore n. 发色团cis-trans isomer n. 顺反异构体classic adj. 经典的, 传统的cluster n. 蔟，一串，一束coherent adj. 黏附的，相干的(光学) coil n. 蛇管colorant n. 颜料，着色剂commodity n. 用品compensation n. 补偿competitive n. 竞争的complementary n. 补充的complex n. 络合物complication n. 复杂concerted reaction n. 协同反应condensation n. 缩合反应condiment n. 调味品conformation n. 构象conjugation n. 共轭construction n. 建设, 建筑consultant n. 顾问
Explain the following terms 一1) free morpheme/ A free morpheme is one that can be uttered发出，表达alone with meaning. It can exist on its own without a bound morpheme. In the traditional sense, a free morpheme is a word. 例如hand ,eat, get 2) bound form/never used as sentences. – ess in countess, lioness and duchess –ish in boyish, childish and greenish –s in hats, books and cups 3) function words/ function words are often short words, they do not have much lexical meaning and some of them have no lexical meaning of their own; They are often short words such as determiners限定词, conjunctions连词, prepositions介词, auxiliaries辅助物, and so forth. 如to, the , of , by 4) content words实词/ They are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. They are the nouns, main verbs, adjectives形容词and adverbs副词of a language. 二1) syntheti c综合的language / inflectional grammatical markers, French, German and Russian. 2) analytic language/word order, prepositions or auxiliary verbs , English and Chinese 3) Indo-European family of languages/ Europe and parts of Southern Asia Eight groups 三1) morphemes /The morpheme is the smallest meaningful linguistic unit of language, not divisible可分的or analyzable into smaller forms. 2) allomorphs/variants变体of the same morphem如im-, ir-, il- : allomorphs of the morpheme in- 3) root / is the basic unchangeable part of a word, and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. work able, work er, work ed, and work ing 4) stem /A stem is of concern only when dealing with inflectional morphology. Inflectional (but not derivational) affixes are added to it. It is the part of word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. 如undesirables, undesirable; desired, desire 5) base / A base is any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Desirable, desire - base and root, not stem; undesirable, desirable-base, not root and stem 6) inflectional affixes/A inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality复数, tense, and the comparative比较的or superlative 最高的degree. 如-s, -ed, -er, -est 7) derivational affixes / When they are added to another morpheme, they derive a new word. re+write, mini+car, super+market, modern+ize, work+er 8) compounding 复合法/Compounding is a word-formation process consisting of combining two or more bases to form a compound word 9) derivation 派生法/Derivation or affixation is generally defined as a word-formation process by which new words are created by adding a prefix or a suffix or both to the base 10) conversion 转化法/Conversion is a word-formation process in which a word of a certain word-class is shifted into a word of another word-class without the addition of an affix. 11) initialism/It is a type of shortening, using the first letters of words to form a proper name, a technical term, or a phrase. 12) acronym首字母缩略词/Acronyms are words formed from the initial letters of the name of an organization or a scientific term, etc. Acronyms differ from initialisms in that they are pronounced as words rather than as sequences of letters. 13) blending拼缀/Blending is a process of word-formation in which a new word is formed by
化工专业英语词汇化学专业课程中英文对照 一、化工装置常用词汇 一概论introduction 方案(建议书) proposal 可行性研究feasibility study 方案设计concept design 工艺设计process design 基础设计basic design 详细设计detail design 开工会议kick-off meeting 审核会议review meeting 外商投资foreign investment 中外合资joint venture 中外合营joint venture 补偿贸易compensation trade 合同合同附件contract 卖方vendor 买方buyer 顾客client 承包商contractor 工程公司company 供应范围scope of supply 生产范围production scope 生产能力production capacity 项目project 界区battery limit 装置plant
公用工程utilities 工艺流程图process flow diagram 工艺流程方块图process block diagram 管道及仪表流程图piping and instrument drawing 物料及热量平衡图mass & heat balance diagram 蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图equipment layout 设备表equipment list 成品(产品) product(final product) 副产品by-product 原料raw-material 设计基础数据basic data for design 技术数据technical data 数据表data sheet 设计文件design document 设计规定design regulation 现场服务site service 项目变更project change 用户变更client change 消耗定额consumption quota 技术转让technical transfer 技术知识technical know-how technical knowledge 技术保证technical guarantee 咨询服务consultative services 技术服务technical services 工作地点location 施工现场construction field 报价quotation 标书bidding book
reaction kinetics 反应动力学 reactant 反应物 purify 精制提纯 recycle 循环回收 unconverted reactant 未转化的反应物 chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶drying 干燥 screening 筛选，浮选chemical reaction 化学反应cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst 催 化剂， reaction zone 反应区 conservation of mass and energy 能量与质量守衡定律 technical advance 技术进步 efficiency improvement 效率提高 reaction 反应separation 分离 heat exchange 热交换 reactive distillation 反应精馏 capital expenditure 基建投资 setup 装置 capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资 yield 产率，收率 reaction byproduct 反应副产物 equilibrium constant 平衡常数 waste 废物 feedstock 进料，原料 product 产物，产品 percent conversion 百分比转化率 ether 乙醚 gasoline 汽油 oxygenate content 氧含量 catalyst 催化剂 reactant 反应物 inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质 reactive distillation 反应精馏 energy saving 节约能量 energy efficiency 能量效率 heat-sensitive material 热敏性物质 pharmaceutical 制药 foodstuff 食品 gas diffusivity 气体扩散性，气体扩散系数 gas adsorption 吸收； absorption：吸附 specialty chemical 特殊化学品，特种化学品 batch 间歇的； continuous：连续的 micro-reactor 微型反应器 hydrogen and methane oxidation 氢气和甲烷氧化反应
英语词汇学怎么考英语词汇学必背知识 点 英语词汇学考试难吗？那么该课程怎么考？要知道英语考试并不是一蹴而就的，所以考前应该日记月累的学习，在最后考试的时候才能更好的通过考试，我们来看看英语词汇学必背知识点吧。 英语词汇学怎么考 英语词汇学是一门理论知识课，每个知识点应该说都重要，所以重点和一般本来就难以界定。从掌握知识来说，不要去分重点和一般，对每章每节都要以搞懂弄通为原则。 1、考前重点词汇复习方法 要知道语法填空重点考查的词：动词、形容词、副词和派生词。其中重点是动词，要把考点的设置与拼写的可能形式结合起来(如从谓语动词的角度来看，就要 考虑动词的时态、语态和主谓一致所带来的动词变化。其中过去式是考查重点，所以对动词的过去式，尤其是不规则动词的过去式和过去分词的拼写，自然就成为后期复习的重点。至于另外三大词类也完全可以如此类推。
2、词汇积累学习
加强短文背诵，增强“词不离句”意识。背诵是非常原始的英语学习方法，但也是非常积极、有效的学习方法。优选一些名家名篇，做为背诵的素材;或从课文中精选一些精悍之作，作为研习的精典，不但能够迅速提高语感，而且容易激发兴趣，形成活生生的词库，为单词的准确使用打下良好的基础。 3、英语主观题拿分技巧 首先是单词拼写，这是所有题目中考生得分最低的一个部分，通常平均分不超过3分，所以大家不要太在意，20个单词，对4个，能有2分就很不错了，如果想要提高这部分，大家还要有准备的背单词，因为这里面的单词，并不全是课本课后单词表的单词，其中很多都是以前在中学学过的，所以要准备这一部分，需要的是买一本自考英语的词汇大纲，按里面的词汇背记才有意义。 如果大家对英语词汇学课程学习有难度，那么可以通过在线视频学习的，以上三点就是学赛小编对英语词汇学必背知识点学习方法，希望大家能更好的学习。 点击进入>>>
化工专业英语 词汇 reaction kinetics 反应动力学reactant 反应物purify 精制提纯recycle 循环回收 uncon verted reacta n未转化的反应物chemical reactor transfer of heat, evaporation, crystallization 结晶 drying 干燥 scree ning筛选，浮选chemical reacti on 化学反应cracking of petroleum 石油裂解catalyst催化剂，reacti on zone 反应区 con servati on of mass and en erg能量与质量守衡定律technical advance 技术进步efficiency improvement 效率提高reaction 反应separation 分离heat exchange 热交换reactive distillation 反应精馏capital expenditure 基建投资setup 装置capital outlay 费用，成本，基建投资yield 产率，收率reaction byproduct 反应副产物equilibrium constant 平衡常数waste 废物feedstock 进料，原料product 产物，产品perce nt conv ersi on百分比转化率ether 乙醚gasoli ne 汽油oxygenate content 氧含量catalyst 催化剂reactant 反应物 inert 惰性物，不参加反应的物质reactive distillation 反应精馏 energy saving 节约能量en ergy efficie ncy 能量效率heat-se nsitive material 热敏性物质pharmaceutical 希9药foodstuff 食品gas diffusivity气体扩散性，气体扩散系数gas adsorption 吸收；absorption：吸附specialty chemical特殊化学品，特种化学品batch间歇的；continuous：连续的micro-reactor微型反应器hydroge n and metha ne oxidati on氢气和甲烷氧化反应ethyle ne epoxidati on乙烯环氧化反应phosgene synthesis光气合成. commercial proportions 商业规模replication 复制sen sor传感器，探头separati on of solids 固体分离 suspension 悬浮液porous medium多孔介质filtratio n 过滤 medium介质filter 过滤器trap收集，捕集Buch ner
英语词汇学英语词汇学习题3及答案
试题三 第一部分选择题 I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.(30%) 1.According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into ( ) A. perfect homonyms B. homonyms C. homophones D. all the above 2.Transfer as a mode of semantic change can be illustrated by the example ( ) A. ad for “advertisement” B. dish for “food" C. fond for “affectionate” D. an editorial for “an editorial article" 3.It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over ( ) A. the reader’s interpretation B. the neighbouring words C. the writer's intention D. the etymology of the word 4.Which of the following is a prefix of time and order? A. extra- B. pro- C. re- D. semi- 5.Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary? A. The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology B. Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary C. Longmont Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs D. Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms 6.Which of the following statements is Not true? A. Reference is the relationship between language and the world. B. The relationship between a word and its referent is arbitrary. C. Concept is universal to all men alike. D. Sense denotes the relationships outside the language. 7.The words which occur before or after a word and may affect its meaning form ( ) A. physical context B. grammatical context C. lexical context D. linguistic context 8."Smith is an architect. He designed World Trade Center. "The clue provided in the context is ( ) A. definition B. explanation C. example D. hyponym 9.The term "vocabulary" is used in different ways because of all the following reasons EXCEPT that ( ) A. it can refer to the common core of a language B. it can refer to the total number of the words in a language C. it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period D. it can stand for words in given dialect or field
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
Abatement消除Abbreviated:缩写Accumulating累加，积累Accurate procedure 精确的程序 Acetic acid:醋酸 Acid anhydride:酸酐Acidic catalyst：酸性催化剂 Acidic:酸的 Acquainted熟识的；知晓的； Adapter:接头Additively:附加地Adiponitrile：己二腈Adjacent:临近的Adjustment:调整Aldehyde: 醛Aldehyde：醛，醛类 Aldo sugar：醛糖Aldohexose:己醛醣Aldopentose:戊醛糖Aldotetrose:丁醛糖Alertness:警戒，机敏Alkaline碱性的Alkaloids:生物碱 Alkyl group:烷基Alkylation:烷化Allotropes:同素异形体Allylic bromide:丙烯基溴 Alphabetically照字母顺序排列地 Aluminium fluoride氟化铝 Aluminium hydrofluoride 氢氟化铝 Amazed:使吃惊Ambiphilic：两亲的Amine：胺 Ammonia：氨水Ammonia：氨
Anhydrous：无水的 Anti-tumor: 抗癌Apparatus装置，设备；仪器Appointment约定Aqueous layer水层Arsenic砷 Atmospheric大气压Audience观众；听众；读者；接见 Auxiliary辅助的；副的；附加的 Axial-flow-packed-bed reactor轴向流固定床反应器Axially:轴向方向 Azide: 叠氮化物 Backer支持者；赞助人；援助者 Backyard后院 Basis：基 Batch：批，批量 Batch-flow间歇流 Beaker烧杯 Beaker烧杯 Bellcore贝尔通信实验室Beneath在…下方Beverage饮料 Beverage饮料Bioinorganic compound 生物无机化合物Bioreactor:生物反应器Biotechnology：生物技术Bizarre:奇怪的 Blur:模糊 Boiler firing configuration 锅炉燃烧配置 Boiler furnace 锅炉燃烧室 Boiling stone：沸石Bonded 结合的 Bound约束 Branched alkane:支链烷烃 Brand new:全新的；崭新的
全国高等教育自学考试 英语词汇学试题 课程代码：00832 Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（） A．meaning B．Sound C．combination of sounds D．Group 2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（） A．more slowly than B．As quickly as C．more rapidly than D．Not so quickly as 3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notion C．origin D．sound 4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（） A．green revolution B．fast food C．moon walk D．space shuttle 5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need. （）A．form B．meaning C．look D．pronunciation 6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall” means ______ in British English.（） A．four B．fell C．for D．autumn 7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______. （）A．/t/ B．/g/ C．/p/ D．/k/ 英语词汇学试卷第 1 页共9 页