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牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总

牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总
牛津译林版七年级知识点汇总

牛津译林版七年级知识点汇

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初一年级

一、Be动词的用法:

重点语法

1. 动词be(am,is,are)的用法:

be动词包括―am‖, ―is‖, ―are‖三种形式。

②一人称单数(I)配合am来用。句型解析析:I am+…

②第二人称(You)配合are使用。句型解析:You are+…

③第三人称单数(He or She or It)配合is使用。句型解析:

She(He, It) is +……

④人称复数(we /you/they)配合are使用。句型解析:

We (You, They) are +……

例句We are in Class 5,Grade are my are good students

二、词类

名词英文名称The Noun(缩写为n.) 表示人或事物的名称例词boy,clock,book等

冠词英文名称The Article(缩写为art.) 用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人和或事物。

例词a(an),the

代词英文名称The Pronoun(缩写为pron) 用来代替名词、形容词或是数词

例词we,that,his,what

形容词英文名称The Adjective(缩写为adj.) 用以修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征

例词old,red,fine,good.

数词英文名称The Numeral(缩写为num.) 表示数量或是顺序。

例词one,thirteen first

动词英文名称The Verb(缩写为v.) 表示动作或状态。

例词sit,go,be(am,is,are)

副词英文名称The Adverb(缩写为adv.) 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

例词not too,here,very

介词英文单词The Preposition(缩写为prep.) 表示名词、代词等和句中其他词的关系。

例词in,on,of,to,under.

连词英文单词The Conjunction(缩写为conj.) 用来连接词与词、短语与短语或句与句。

例词and,or,but.

感叹词英文单词The Interjection(缩写为interj.) 表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。

例词oh,hello,hi,er.

二.名词以及名词的单复数变化规则(Nouns)

1.总的说来,名词分专有名词和普通名词两类。

专有名词: 表示具体的人,事物,地点或机构的专有名

称。Lucy China 中国Asia 亚洲Beijing 北京。专有名词的第一个字母要大写。

普通名词: 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例

如: teacher 老师tea 茶reform 改革

普通名词又可进一步分为四类

1) 个体名称: 表示单个的人和事物。

house 马car 汽车room 房间apple 苹果fun 风

扇picture 照片

2) 集体名称: 表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

people 人们family 家庭army 军队government 政

府group 集团

3) 物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物

质。fire 火steel 钢air 空气water 水milk 牛奶

4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour 劳动health 健康life 生活friendship友

情patience耐力

2.名词按其所表现的事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词(Countable Nouns)有复数形式,

如: an apple two apples a car some ca rs 不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)一般没有复数形式. 抽象名词, 物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词。sand 沙sugar 糖有少数名词即可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词,但含义不

同。glass 玻璃glass 玻璃杯paper 纸paper 报纸,文件名词的功能

3.可数名词有单数(the Singular Nunmber)和复数

(the Plural Number)两种形式。名词的复数形式

(The Plural Form Nouns)的部分规则如下:

1) 一般情况下,在词尾加-s. 例如: bags,maps,pens,desks,workers

2) 以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词加-es.例

如: buses watches boxes

3) 以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾的词加-s.例

如: licences blouses oranges

4) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es.例

如: babies families

5) 名词以-f 或-fe 结尾的,把-f 或-fe 变成-ves.

bookshelves,wives,knives

4.名词复数的不规则变化

1)、child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth

mouse---mice man---men woman---women

注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

2)、单复同形如:

deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese

li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin

但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

3)、集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。

如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说

a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。

如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

4)、以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。

b. news 是不可数名词。

c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

5)、表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes

5.名词的所有格(The Possessive Case of Nouns) 在英语中,名词的格有三个,主格,宾格和所有格。

它们的形式及其变化表示与其他词的关系。

实际上, 主格和宾格通过它在句中的作用和位置来确定。

The bird is in the tree. 鸟在树上。bird 作主语, 是主格。

I saw a film yesterday. 昨天我看了一场电影。film 作宾语,是宾格。名词的所有格: 名词中表示所有关系的形式叫做名词所有

格。Lu Xun's book is worth reading. 鲁迅的书值得一

读。This is my father's room. 这是我父亲的房间。名词所有格的构成

单数名词加's 例词:Mike's father

以s结尾的复数名词加' 例词:the teachers' room 不以s结尾的复数名词加's 例词:men's women's

三、主格、宾格、所有格及反身代词

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