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高中英语动词时态详解

高中英语动词时态详解
高中英语动词时态详解

英语动词时态

一、动词时态概说

时态是极具英语特色的一种动词形态,在我们的汉语中是没有时态一说。在汉语中,一个动作无论发生在什么时候,动词本身是不需要发生变化的。但在英语中就不同了——在英美人看来,过去发生的动作要用过去时态,将来发生的动词要用将来时态,正在进行的动作要用进行时态,等等。

汉语:我每天8点去办公室。(动词为“去”)

英语:_______________________________________________________.

汉语:我昨天8点去办公室。(动词为“去”)

英语:_______________________________________________________.

汉语:我明天8点去办公室。(动词为“去”)

~

英语:_______________________________________________________.

在英美人眼里,时间可以分为四种类型,即现在、过去、将来、过去将来(即以过去时间为起来的将来),另外,他们还把动作发生的情况分为四种形态,即一般、进行、完成、完成进行。如果把时间的四种类型和动作的四种形态结合起来,我们可以得到下面这样一个表格,这就是英语时态的“全貌”。

从表中我们可以看出,英语一共有16种时态形式,你先不要怕!英语虽然有这么复杂的时态系统,但并非所有时态都很重要,事实上有些时态在生活很少使用,有的时态可能一个人一辈子也用不了几次。但是,其中的一本些基本时态却是很常用的,大家应该好好学习,这些很重要的常用时态包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、过去将来时等

二、动词时态详解:一般现在时

1. 如何理解一般现在时

:

一般现在时是英语所有时态中用得最普通的一种时态,它主要表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。如:

We get up at six every day. 我们每天6点起床。

I often do exercise and I am very healthy. 我经常搞锻炼,身体很好。

2. 一般现在时的构成与用法

当主语为第一、二人称或第三人称复数时,一般现在时的谓语动词用原形,若主语为第三人称单数,谓语动词也用第三人称单数。

His parents _______________ a lot. 他的父母抽烟抽得很厉害。(smoke)

由于主语为his parents,是第_________人称_______数,所以谓语动词用原形。这个句子用了一般现在时,表明他的父母抽烟是个习惯性的动作,现在经常如此。

翻译:我们班的每个人学习都很努力。

_________________________________________________________________________________

(Everyone in our class studies very hard.)

3. 一般现在时态的用法补充

(1)表示目前的状态:即表示现阶段句子主语所处于的状态。如:

这个男孩病了。 _______________________________________________________. (The boy is i ll)

图书馆已经关门了。_______________________________________________________.(The library is closed.)

这两个句子分别表示男孩现在处于生病的状态和图书馆现在处于关闭的状态。

(2)表示客观真理:客观真理是一种永恒的“习惯”,它比一般的“经常性”更经常, 可以看成是一

般现在时基本用法的延伸,如:

&

The earth _____________________ the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。(moves/goes/travels around) Summer ________________ spring. 春去夏来。(follows/comes after)

另外,一些格言或谚语由于其客观性很强,所以通常是用一般现在时。如;

知识就是力量。____________________________________________ (Knowledge is power)

Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜过言辞。

(3)表示计划或安排:即表示在现阶段已经计划好或安排好要发生的情况,或表示时间表上所安排

的并且一定要做的事情。如:

The train leaves at six o’clock. 列车6点钟开出。

翻译:音乐会定于7:30开始,9:30分结束。

<

__________________________________________________________________________________.

(The concert begins at 7:30 and ends at 9:30.)

(5)表示将来意义:根据英语习惯,当主句表示将来意义时,它相应时间状语从句和条件状语从句

等,必须要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。如:

I’ll let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。

We’ll stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我们就呆在家里。

三、动词时态详解:一般将来时

1. 如何理解一般将来时

{

一般将来时就是表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。这里所说的“将来”是以现在时间为起点的“将来”,并且这个将来可以是很近的将来(如一分钟以后),也可以是很远的将来(如几个世纪以后)。如汉语中说的“音乐会马上就开始了”“再过一万年地球将会怎样”等,若用英语来表示,都要用一般将来时。

2. 一般将来时的构成与用法

一般将来时由“shall / will + 动词原形”构成,其中shall主要用于第一人称之后,will用于第

二、第三人称之后,表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如:

I shall always remember this. 我将永远记住这一点。

They will be here tomorrow. 他们明天来这里。

The concert will start in a minute. 音乐会马上就开始了。

在口语中或非正式文体中,shall和will通常可以缩略为’ll,will not还通常缩略为’ll not或won’t,shall not通常缩略为shan’t。如:

We’ll think it over. 我们将仔细考虑一下。

This job won’t take much time. 这项工作用不了很多时间。

We shan’t be away for long. 我们不会离开太久。

3. 一般将来时的补充说明

英语中表示将来的方法很多,除了上面讲到的“will / shall+动词原形”结构外,我们还可以用以下方法表示将来。

(1) be going to + 动词原形:该结构主要有两个用法,一是表示主观上打算要做某事,二是表示有客观迹象表明将要发生某事。如:

He is going to be a dentist when he grows up. 他长大以后打算当牙医。

Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云,我想天要下雨了。

(2) be to + 动词原形:该结构主要表示按计划或安排要做的事情。如:

The concert is to be held this evening. 音乐会将在今晚举行。

She is to be here at 9:00 . tomorrow. 她定于明天上午9点到达这里。

(3) be about to + 动词原形:该结构表示就要做或正好要做的事情,往往暗含一种时间上的巧合,因此通常不再表示具体时间的状语连用。如:

The plane is about to take off. 飞机马上就要起飞了。

Don’t go out now—we’re about to have lunch. 不要出去了,马上就要吃午饭了。

(4) be +现在分词:表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。如:

I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。

They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。

注意,并不是所有动词都具有这样的用法,通常可用于该句型中动词是come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy 等瞬间动词。

(5)一般现在时:主要表示一种按计划进行的动作。如

The plane takes off at 10:36. 飞机11:36起飞。

注:有关用一般现在时表示将来意义的用法,可参见“一般现在时”的有关用法。

四、动词时态详解:一般过去时

1. 如何理解一般过去时

·

一般过去时的基本用法是表示过去所发生的动作或存在的状态。如:

. 我们昨天去买东西了。________________________________________________________.

这电脑是他五年前买的。_______________________________________________________.

.她昨晚八点没在家。_______________________________________________________.

We went shopping yesterday. He bought the computer 5 years ago. She was not at home la st night.

2. 一般过去时的构成与用法

一般过去时的构成方法很简单,那就是谓语动词用过去式。什么叫过去式过去式是如何构成的要熟记不规则动词过去式。

He stood up and went out. 他站起来走了出去。

(

He had long hair when he was a teenager. 他十来岁时就留长发。

注意:表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作常与always,never等连用,这时也用一般过去时。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.

彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)一般过去时经常带有确定的过去时间状语,如:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last

(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, a t the age of 5, one day, long ago, once upo n a time(很久以前), the other day(前几天)etc. ,而有时句子中没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来得知是过去动作。

五、动词时态详解:现在进行时

1. 如何理解现在进行时

顾名思义,现在进行时就是指说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说的“我在看书”“他在吃饭”“火车在行驶”“秘书在打字”等,在英语中都要用现在进行进来表达,因为它们所涉及的动作在说话的时刻都正在进行。

2. 现在进行时的构成与用法

]

现在进行时由“am / is / are + 现在分词”构成。如:

She is still sleeping. 她还在睡觉。

We are waiting for the rain to stop. 我们在等雨停。

They are playing quietly now. 他们在安静地玩着。

注意:瞬间动词一般不用于现在进行时

3. 现在进行时的用法补充

(1)现在进行时可以表示目前一段时间内一直在发生的动作,但是说话时不一定在发生,常和thes

e days ,this week,at present等时间状语连用,这是现在进行时的“现阶段”特征。如

The professor is typing his own letters while his secretary is ill. 秘书生病时,教授自

己打他的信。

]

(2) 现在进行时态表示将来

表示最近的将来的动作,多适用于arrive, come, drive, fly, go, leave, start, trave l; 也可适用于如meet, stay, do, buy等。

Betty is leaving for Guangzhou by plane tomorrow. Betty明天坐飞机去广州。

The neighbors are coming to watch television. 邻居要来看电视。

He is arriving tomorrow morning on the 16:40 train. 他乘下午4:40的火车明天上午到。

(4)表示反复发生的动作。常与always, forever, constantly, all the time, continual ly, simply 等时间副词连用,用来表示不满、抱怨或赞赏等情感。如:

He is always losing his keys. 他老是丢钥匙。

He is always thinking of his work.他老是想到他的工作。

She’s constantly changing her mind. 她老是改变主意。

Some students in my class are forever talking. 我班上有些学生老是在说话。

时态专练

解题技巧:语境中的时态和语态具有灵活多变的特点,因此找出隐含于上下文中的时间信息,正确认定动作行为所发生的时间是解题的关键。做动词时态和语态填空题时,常常按以下几个步骤:(1)注意题干所提供的信息,如语境、情景以及说话人的情感;(2)根据句中的时间状语以及一些副词判断时态;(3)考虑语态;(4)考虑时态的一致性。另外,复习时,还要涉及到短暂性动词与延续性动词,这两个概念一定要搞清。短暂性动词用于进行时态和完成时态都要受到限制。

一、单选题

( ) 1. ________ a concert next Saturday

)

A. There will be

B. Will there be

C. There can be

D. There are

( ) ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished.

A. wrote

B. has written written writing

( ) the clouds! It ________ rain!

going to

( ) ’t take the magazine ________ me.

belonged to to belonged to belonging to

( ) 5. I ______ ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the New Year.

A. will play

B. have played

C. played

D. play

( )6. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He ______ in a radio factory at that time.

A. had worked

B. has worked

C. was working

D. has been working

{

( ) 7. The traffic in our city is already good and it ______ even better.

got getting

( ) 8. It ____ the Chinese people eight years to build the Three Gorges Dam(三峡大坝).

A. spends

B. costs

C. paid

D. took

(B A B B D C D D )

二、用括号中的动词的正确形式填空:

1. The bridge which _______________(build) last year looks really beautiful.

___________(lose)her keys two days ago.

____________(not have) breakfast yesterday morning.

sister____________(begin) to learn English when she was six and now she

____________(speak)it well.

everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment, the world ____________ (become)much more beautiful.

(was built , lost , didn’t have , began ,speaks will become)

三、句子翻译:先判断以下句子用什么时态,再翻译句子。

1.这张照片给我们展示了他们去年如何造了一艘轮船。

()

The photo shows us that how they made a ship yesterday.

2.我打算高中毕业后开一个书店。()

I am going to open a bookshop after graduation from high school.

3.中国和日本两国之间的战争于1937年爆发。

()

The war between China and Japan broke out in 1937.

4.上海是亚洲最大的城市之一。()Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in Asia.

5.明天他们将在课堂上讨论这个话题。()

They will discuss the topic in class tomorrow.

"

6..她现在在自学英语。()

She is learning /studying English by herself.

7..约翰问我是否收到他的信了。()John asked me if I had received his letter.

8.每年当地村民都砍掉大量的树木。()

}

The local villagers cut down a large number of trees every year.

9.他答应不再迟到。()

He promised not to be late again.

He promised that he would not be late again.

10.下一趟火车今天下午3点发车。()The next train leaves at 3 o’clock this afternoon.

|

|

六、动词时态详解:过去将来时

1. 如何理解过去将来时

根据字面意思来理解,“过去将来”就是指过去的将来,指的是以过去时间为基点将要发生的情况。比如:你说“我明天去”,这个“明天”属于将来;如果你说“我那天说过我第二天会去的”,这个“第二天”在现在看来,就是属于过去将来。请看:

I will go tomorrow. 我明天去。

I said that I would go the next day. 我说过第二天会去的。

上面第一句用的是一般将来时,第二句的宾语从句用的则是过去将来时。

2. 过去将来时的构成与用法

`

过去将来时由“would+动词原形”构成,主要表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作(尤其用于宾语从句中)。如:

She that she wouldn’t do that again. 她说她再不会这样做了。

他答应他会帮助我。________________________________________________________

He promised that he would help me.

对于一个谓语动词用一般将来时的句子,如果将它置于一个主句谓语为过去式的宾语从句中,那么原来的一般将来时就要变为过去将来时,因为此时对于宾语从句来说,时间的基点从现在移到了过去。比较:

He will agree. 他会同意的。

I knew he would agree. 我当时就知道他会同意的。

3. 过去将来时的补充说明

-

我们在学习一般将来时时讲到过,除用“will / shall+动词原形”表示将来外,我们还可以用其他一些方法来表示将来。同样地,对于过去将来时而言,我们除可用“would+动词原形”外,也还有一些其他的方法来表示过去将来。如:

(1) was / were going to + 动词原形:该结构有两个主要用法,一是表示过去的打算,二是表示在过去看来有迹象表明将要发生某事。如:

I thought it was going to rain. 我想要下雨了。

I was going to leave when he came in. 他进来时我正要离开。

(2) was / were to + 动词原形:主要表示过去按计划或安排要做的事情。如:

She said she was to get married next month. 她说她计划在下个月结婚。

(3) was / were about to + 动词原形:表示在过去看来即将要发生的动作,由于本身已含有“即将”的意味,所以不再表示具体的过去时间状语连用。如:

电话铃响时我正好要上床睡。____________________________________________________________ [

I was about to go to bed when the telephone rang.

(4) was / were +现在分词:表示在过去看来即将发生的动作。如:

Jack said he was leaving tomorrow. 杰克说他打算明天动身。

注意,并不是所有动词都具有这样的用法,通常可用于该句型中动词是 come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy 等瞬间动词。

七、动词时态详解:过去进行时

1. 如何理解过去进行时

前面讲到,现在进行时表示说话时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。由此可推知,过去进行时就是表示在过去某时正在进行的动作或发生的情况。如汉语说“我进来时他正在吃饭”,如果“进来”发生在过去,那么“正在吃饭”显然就是过去某时正在进行的动作——也就是说,“进来”用一般过去时,“正在吃饭”就要用过去进行时。

`

2. 过去进行时的构成与用法

前面讲到,现在进行时由“am / is /are+现在分词”构成。如果我们将现在进行时中的助动词am / is / are改为过去式was / were,那么现在进行时就变成了过去进行时,也就是说过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如:

He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。

We were expecting you yesterday. 我们昨天一直在等你。

第一句中的“看书”用了过去进行时,是因为当时看书的动作正在进行;第二句中的“等”也用了过去进行时,也是因为“等”这个动作昨天一直在持续。

3. 过去进行时的用法补充

(和现在进行时的补充用法类似。)

{

八、动词时态详解:现在完成时

1. 如何理解现在完成时

现在完成时是英语中一个很重要的时态,也是很容易弄错的一个时态。首先,我们来看看“现在完成时”该如何理解。你可能会根据字面意思将其理解为:现在完成时就是表示现在已经完成的动作。但是,这样的理解是很不全面的理解,因为这样的理解将来误导你混淆现在完成时与一般过去的区别。

现在完成时有两个主要用法:一是已完成用法,也叫影响性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作在过去已经完成,并且这个过去发生并完成的动作对现在有影响或结果,同时说话强调的或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果,如汉语说“他已离开这个城市了”,其中的“离开”肯定发生了,它对现在的影响或结果就是“他现在已不在这个城市了”;又如汉语说“有人把窗户打破了”,显然“打破窗户”这一动作发生在过去,并且在过去已经完成了,但说话人强调的重点是打破窗户对现在的影响——窗户现在仍是破的。

现在完成时的另一个用法叫未完成用法,也叫持续性用法。该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作或开始的状语在过去并未完成或结束,而是一直持续到现在,并且有可能继续下去(也可能到此结束),如汉语说“他在我们教书已有30年了”,显然“他在我们学校教书”是从30年前开始,并且一直教到现在,已经持续了30年;又如汉语说“自上个星期以来他一直很忙”,显然“忙”是从上个星期开始的,并且这一“忙”就一直忙到现在。

2. 现在完成时的构成与用法

现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。如:

He has seen the film several times. 这部电影他已看了好几次。

$

I have known her for a long time. 我认识她很长时间了。

句中的has seen和have known均为现在完成时,第一句属影响性用法,其影响是“他对电影内容非常熟悉了”;第二句属持续性用法,指“认识她”已持续了很长一段时间。

3. 现在完成时的实例分析

(1)影响性用法实例分析

I have lost my pen. 我把钢笔丢了。

根据句意可知,“丢钢笔”这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响——我现在无钢笔用,或我得去买支新的。

We have finished the work. 我们已把工作干完了。

显然“完成工作”这个动作发生在过去,同时也在过去已经完成,但这个过过去发生和完成的动作对现在有影响——我们可以休息了,或可以回家了,或可以做别的事了。

(2)持续性用法实例分析

I’ve waited a week for your answer. 等你的答复我已等了一个星期。

根据句意可知,“等”这个动作发生在过去,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了一个星期。

We have lived here quite a number of years. 我们在这里住了很多年了。

根据句意可知,“住在这儿”是从过去开始的,但它在过去并没有完成,而是一直等到现在,已持续了好几年。

4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

它们的不同之处在于,说话者是否强调这个影响——如果强调对现在的影响,就用现在完成时;如果不强调对现在的影响,而是强调动作发生的过去时间,就用一般过去时。体会下面的句子:I’ve washed the car. 我已经洗过车了。

'

I washed the car. 我洗了车子。

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是洗车对现在的影响——车现在是干净的;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调洗车对现在的影响,只表明车在过去洗过,至于它现在是否干净说话人并不关心。

The lift has broken down. 电梯坏了。

The lift broke down. 电梯坏了。

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是电梯坏对现在的影响——我们不得不走楼梯,或我们得请人来修电梯;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调电梯坏对现在的影响,只表明电梯在过去曾经坏过,至于它现在是否能用说话人并不关心。

Tom has had a bad car crash. 汤姆发生了严重的车祸。(他可能仍在住院。)

Tom had a bad crash. 汤姆发生过严重车祸。(他现在很可能已经出院了。)

第一句用的是现在完成时,它强调的是出车祸对现在的影响——汤姆可能现在仍在住院;第二句用的是一般过去时,它不强调出车祸对现在的影响,只表明汤姆在过去曾经出过车祸,至于他现在是否已经出院之类的相关说话人并不关心。

·

5. 现在完成时的用法补充

(1)表示重复性:即表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内不断重复发生的动作或情况,并且有这个不断重复的动作可能继续下去,也可能到现在就结束。如:

How often have you seen her 你隔多少见她一次

(2)表示将来:现在完成时有时可用于时间或条件状语从句中代替一般现在时,但表示的是将来意义。如:

Don’t get off until the bus has stopped. 等车停稳之后再下车。

You can go out if you have finished your homework. 如果你做完了作来,你就可以出去。

这两句中的现在完成时也可换成一般现在时,即分别改为stops和finish,但语气没有用现在完成时那样强调。但这样替换的场合通常只限于某些终止性动词,若从句谓语为延续性动词,则不可以这样替换。如下面这句中的现在完成时就不能换成一般现在时:

When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden. 等你休息好之后,我领你看我们的花园。

他从未来看过我。

6. 通常与现在完成时连用的典型词语

(1) since:since表示“自从……以来”时,无论是用作介词、连词还是副词,since都通常要与现在完成时连用。如

I’ve had nothing to eat since lunchtime. 从午饭时间到现在我什么都没吃。

We’ve lost a lot of custom since our prices went up. 自从提价以后,我们失去了许多顾客的生意。

I met him last autumn and haven’t seen him ever since. 我去年秋天碰见过他,打那以后就一直没有见过他。

(2) in the last/past five years:类似于in the last five years的时间状语,它若表示从现在算起的过去一段时间内,通常要与现在完成时连用。如:

The house has changed hands three times in the last two years. 在过去两年中,这栋房子已转手三次。I’ve seen little of her in the past few weeks. 近几周我很少见到她。

We’ve planted thousands of trees in the past five years. 过去五年我们种了成千上万棵树。

(3) over the years:over the years 的意思是“这些年来”“经过这么多年之后”“最近几年”,通常表示的是从现在算起的过去几年,因此通常与现在完成时连用。如:

She’s brought us so much happiness over the years. 这些年来,她给我们带来了不少的幸福。

We’ve had a few arguments over the years, but in general we get on very well. 最近几年来,我们争吵过几次,但总的说来,我们相处得很好。

(4) so far:当so far表示“到目前为止”时,它指的是从过去某时持续到现在的一段时间,因此通常与现在完成时连用。如:

So far 500 people have died in the earthquake. 到现在为止,已有500人在地震中丧生。

So far the work has been easy, but things may change. 到目前为止,这工作很容易,但情况可能有变化。

(5) up to/till now:up to now 的意思是“到现在为此”,指从过去持续到现在的一段时间,通常与现在完成时连用。如:

!

Up to now he’s been quiet. 他直到此刻仍保持沉默。

Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。

(6)It’s the first time that…:It’s the first [second, third…] time that… 的意思是“这是第一次(第二次、第三次……)做某事”,其中的that从句通常要用现在完成时。如:It’s the second time I’ve come here. 这是我第二次来这儿。

It’s the first time that he has seen an elephant. 这是他第一次见到大象。

九、动词时态详解:过去完成时

1. 如何理解过去完成时

过去完成时的理解和用法要容易得多。因为过去完成的本质用法只有五个字,那就是“过去的过去”——即过去完成时表示的是在“过去的过去”就已发生的情况或存在的状态。如何理解“过去的过去”呢首先我们得确定一个过去时间作为参照点,在这个过去时间参照点之前的时间就是过去的过去。我们可以画出下面这样的图示来帮助理解:

过去的过去过去(参照点) 现在

如果我们以“去年”为参照点,那么“去年的前一年”就成了过去的过去;又如我们说“他找到了他丢失的钱包”,其中“找到钱包”属于过去,以此为参照点,“丢失钱包”就属于过去的过去;再比如说“我昨天去朋友家玩,但当我到达时朋友外出了”,在这个句子中,“到达朋友家”为过去,以此为参照点,“朋友外出”就属于过去的过去。

2. 过去完成时的构成与用法

前面讲过,现在完成时的构成方法是“have / has +过去分词”,如果我们把其中的have / has改为过去式,变成“had + 过去分词”,这就是过去完成时的构成方法。如:

When the doctor arrived the patient had died. 医生到时病人已死了。

She told me she had been with IBM for five years. 她告诉我说,她在国际商用机器公司已工作5年了。我醒了,因为我做了个噩梦。______________________________________________________ __

I woke up because I had had a bad dream.

我们到那里时,篮球赛已经开始了。__________________________________________________

When we arrived there, the basketball match had begun.

3. 过去完成时的用法补充

(1)表示过去未曾实现的想法:过去完成除表示“过去的过去”外,还可表示过去未曾实现的想法和打算,通常连用的动词是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, expect, intend, suppose 等:

I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来,但有事就没有来。

I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. 我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的,但我忘了寄了。

(2)用于特殊句式:在hardly [scarcely, barely]…when [before]…和no sooner…than…等句式中,主句通常要用过去完成时,而从句则通常要用一般过去时。这类句式均表示“一……就……”。如:

I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang. 我刚合上眼,电话铃就响了。

I had no sooner checked into the hotel than he arrived. 我一住进旅馆,他就到了。

4. 学习过去完成时的一点注意

当两个或多个过去发生的动作紧挨着并列出现时,尽管各动词之间有先后关系,我们仍然都用一般过去时。如

Bill saluted, turned, and went out. 比尔敬礼后转身就出去了。

He paused and shook his head. 他稍停了一下,然后摇了摇头。

另外,由after, before, as soon as 等连词引导时间状语从句,由于这些连词已经清楚地表明了主从句谓语动词的先后顺序,所以对于先发生的动作也可用一般过去时表示。如:

I told them the news after you (had) left. 你走后我把这消息告诉了他们。

As soon as I (had) put the phone down it rang again. 我刚把电话一放下,它又响了。

高中英语时态 专题讲解

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高考英语时态语态专项训练含答案

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般现在时 一直以来的习惯动作;目前状态;规律 一般现在时J单三人称:动词r或es [非单三人称:动词原形

动词第三人称单数的变化规则 1>直接在动词后+S like- likes play-plays 2、以s, x, sh, ch,接尾時动词:+es wash-washes 3、以辅音+o接尾的动词:+es go-goes 4、以辅音+y接尾的动词:变y为i+es

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1)伦love (Cove) sports. 2)Sfie sings (sin^) we(L 3)Tom andjofin _____ w atch (watc? TV every evening. 4)My son goes (g? to scfiooCby 6i忽. 5)teacherusualfy ______ walk帥瑚)to school 6)Tive plus two _____ m akes (ma同seven. 7)TJiey ad I ike 伍匍kirn. 8)加sun____ falls (faj in the west. 二、一般过去时

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高一英语时态练习

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