Lesson 1 How to get the poor off our conscience
1.Virtue is ... self-centered.
By right action,we mean it must help promote personal interest.
2....(poverty) was a product of their excessive fecundity...
The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.
3....the rich were not responsible for either its creation or its amelioration.
The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem.
4.It is merely the working out of a law of nature and a law of God.
It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature of to human society.
5.It declined in popularity, and references to its acquired a condemnatory tone.
People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy,love and friendship.Therefore,when it was mentioned,it was usually the target of criticism.
6....the search for a way of getting the poor off our conscience was not at an end; it was only suspended.
The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned,it had only been put off.
7....only rarely given to overpaying for monkey wrenches, flashlights, coffee makers, and toilet seats.
Government officials,on the whole ,are good,it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.
8.This is perhaps our most highly influential piece of fiction.
It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true.
9.Belief can be the servant of truth---but even more of convenience.
Belief can be useful in the search for truth,but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.
10.George Gilder... Who tells to much applause that the poor must have the cruel spur of their own suffering to ensure effort...
George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation,in other words,suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard.
lesson 3 At war with the planet
11.But this image, now repeatedly thrust before us in photographs, posters, and advertisements, is misleading.
The Earth we see in photos,posters,and ads,which appears so beautiful,is not the true reflection of the world we live in ,such image lulls us into complacency.
12.The technosphere has become sufficiently large and intense to alter the natural processes that govern the ecosphere.
Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity that they have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.
13....which could establish itself only because it fitted properly into the preexisting system.
the fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system.
14.Defined so narrowly, it is no surprise that cars have properties that are hostile to their environment.
when cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes,it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment.
22.Yields rose, but not in proportion to the rate of fertilizer application...
the farmer applied more and more fertilizer,and the production did rise but did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer.
23...their waste is flushed into the sewer system altered in composition but not in amount at treatment plant...
people eat plants and animals,and their waste is flushed into the sewer system.After being processed,the waste is still waste.the residue will go into rivers,oceans,and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.
24.Left to their own devices, ecosystems are conservative...
if the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion,they will remain the same with very little change
25.In contrast to the ecosphere, the technosphere is composed of objects and materials that reflect a rapid and relentless process of change and variation.
the characteristics of the objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety.
26.But this is done only at the cost of understanding.
if we take side in the war of the two words,we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of the war,thus,we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.
Lesson 5 The One Against the Many
1....the national rejection of dogmatic preconceptions about the nature of the social and economic order
1.there are such prejudices in an arrogant manner about the characteristic of the social order and economic order and they take it for granted.The country just rejected such prejudice.
2 Nor can one suggest that Americans have been consistently vulnerability to secular ideology ever after
2.No one can say that Americans have never been tempted by the approach of understanding ,preserving or transforming the world according to rigid dogmas.
3..and any intellect so shaped was ...ever after
A mind influenced by Calvinist theology would surely find it somewhat difficult to resist other ideological temptations to ideological thinking.
4.Pragmatism is no more wholly devoid...experience
Pragmatism is not completely free from abstract ideas just as ideology is not completely free from experience,that is to say,abstract ideas have a place in pragmatism just as experience has a role in ideology.
5.As an ideologist,however,Jefferson....historical curiosity
As a man following a fixed set of beliefs,Jefferson is only an interesting historical figure.His beliefs are out of date and are irrelevant to present-day reality.
6....whose central dogma is confided to the custody of an infallible priesthood
Their central beliefs are imprisoned by the whole body of priests who are always effective. 7....where free men may find partial truths,but where ...on Absolute Truth
In this universe a person whose mind is unconstrained may be able to discover relation truths but no man on earth can claim that he has already grasped the one and only truth.
8.But ideology is a drug; no matter how ...it still persists.
Ideology has the characteristic of a narcotic.In spite of the fact that it has been proved wrong many times by experience, people still long to commit themselves to ideology.
9....the only certainty in an .....abuse
The only thing that is sure of a despotic system is the unrestricted exercise of power.
10. The distinctive human triumph...lies in the capacity to understand the frailty of human striving ...nonetheless
The most outstanding achievement of humanity is they know that no matter how hard they try,they cannot achieve Absolute truth,yet they continue to make great efforts and refuse to give up Lesson 7 Inaugural address
1.For man holds in his mortal hands....and all forms of human life.
rendering it uninhabitable and lifeless.
2....unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of those human rights...
We do not want to see or to allow the slow destruction of those human rights.
3.To those peoples in the huts and villages of half.....of mass misery, we pledge our best efforts to help them help themselves...
To the people of the underdeveloped countries living in poverty in rural areas,we are committed to helping them to rid themselves of mass poverty by their own efforts.
4.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.
But we should not let any communist power take advantage of this alliance for progress to expand its influence.
5.And let every other power know that this....of its own house.
We want to make clear to the communist powers that Americas are the Americas of the Americans.do not attempt to penetrate into this area.
6....before the dark powers of destruction..... or accidental self-destruction.
before the world is destroyed by a nuclear war launched in a preemptive attack or caused by accident.
7....yet both raing to alter the uncertain...of mankind's final war.
Yet both sides attempt to get an edge in the nuclear arms race so as to break the mutual deterrence which has so far prevented the outbreak of a nuclear war.
8....civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof.
To be ready to negotiate and establish friendly relations does not mean that we are weak or afraid.declarations of sincere intention have to be tested by actions.
9.Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors.
Let the two sides use the fruits of science for the benefit of humanity rather than using high-tech weapons to kill and destroy.
10....each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty. There have been occasions for each generations of Americans to be called upon to fight and die for their country.
Unit1
1.An inblance between the rich and poor is the oldest and most fatal ailment of republics
贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾
2.Their poverty is a temporary misfortune,if they are poor and meek,they eventually will inherit the earth
他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人3.Couples in love should repair to R H Macy’s not their bedroom
热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房
4.The American beauty rose can be produced in the splendor and fragrance which bring cheer to its beholder only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it.and so is in economic life.It’s merely the working out of the a law of the nature and a law o f god
美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用
5.(it has become) an economically not unrewarding enterprise. （它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业
6.There is~~no form of oppression that is quiet so great,no constriction on thought and effort quiet so comprehensive,as that which come from having no money at all
没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底
7.Freedom we rightly cherish,cherishing it,we should not use it as a cover for denying freedom to those in need
我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由8.Whether they be in Erhiopa,the south bronx,or even in such an Elysium as LosAngeles,we resolve to keep them off our minds
不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心
9~~he is enjoy, as indicated, unparalleled popularity in high Washington circles.
如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望
https://www.doczj.com/doc/c46619427.html,passion , along with the association public effort is the least comfortable.the least convenient course of behavior and action in our time同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为何行动方针
Unit3
1.We have beening tampering with th is powerful force,unaware, like the Sorcerer’s Apprentice,of the potentially disastrous consequences of our actions
我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果
2.Even if the global warming catastrophe never materializes,and the ozone hole remains an esoteric,polar phenomenon,already human activity has profoundly altered global conditions in ways that may not register on the camera
即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的
3.The technosphere, in contrast,is dominated by linear processes
与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定
The energy sources that now power the technosphere are mostly fossil fuels,stores that,once depleted,will never be renewed
现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生
4.Nylon~~is not biodegradable—that is,there is no enzyme in any know living organism that can break it down
尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙
5.~~living things have created a limited but self-consistent array of substances and reactions that are essential to life
6.~~有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应
7.A free lunch is really a debt,in the technosphere, a debt is an acknowledged but june cost
免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款
8.~~when the debts represented by environmental pollution are created by the technosphere and transferred to the ecosphere,they are never canceled,damage is unviodale
当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。
Unit5
1.The American experience was unique in a number of ways
美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的
2.The country was blessed by notable advantages—above all,by the the fact that population was scare in relation to available resources
这个国家有着得天独厚的优势—只要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富
3.It rose originally from a philosophical rather than an economic commitment
它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求
4.We have found no better way than democracy to fulfill man’s talents and release his ene rgies
我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展，人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式
5.In the record of his conflict,ideology has attracted some of the strongest intelligences mankind has produced
在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物
6.In its finest hours,the US has,so to speak,risen above ideology
在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系
7.~~that government was best which governed least~
政府管得越少越好
8.Indeed,the whole ideological enterprise contradicted Jefferson’s temper,which was basically flexible and experimental
说实在的，杰弗逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的，他的性格特征基本上是灵活的，从经验出发的
9.Indeed,I would suggest that we might well banish some overloaded words from intellectual discourse~~(These words)are sources of heat,not of light
我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语~~这些词语只能使头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒
10.Free men know many truths,but they doubt whether any mortal man knows the Truth
自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理
Unit7
1.We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom—symbolizing an end as well as beginning—signifying renewal as well as change
我们今天庆祝的不是党派的胜利而是自由的选择—象征着一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开始—意味着延续与变化
2.United,there is little we can’t do in a host of cooperative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do—for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder
如果我们团结一致，我们在一系列共同从事的失业中就可以无往不胜，如果我们四分五裂，我们就会一事无成—因为在意见分歧，四分五裂的情况下，我们不敢迎接强有力的挑战
3.~~one form of colonial control shall not have passed away merely to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny
~一种殖民控制形式的消失，不应为另一种更为残酷的暴政所取代
4.~~and to remember that, in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger and ended up inside
~要记住，在过去，那些愚蠢地想靠与虎谋皮而得势的人最终都为虎所食
5.~~we renew our pledge of support—to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective—to strength its shield of the new and the weak—and to enlarge the area in which its writ may run
~我们重申我们的支持—不让其变成一个相互指责的论坛—加强其对新生国家和弱小国家的保护—扩大其起主导作用的领域
6.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed
只有当我们的军队强大无比时，我们才有把握永不使用武力
7.Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate
我们永远不会由于恐惧而去谈判，但我们永不畏惧谈判
8.And if a beached of cooperation may push back the jungles of suspicion
如果小小的一点合作能驱散深深的猜疑
9.In your hands,my fellow citizens,more than mine,will rest the final success or failure of our course
同胞们，我们事业最终的成败不是掌握找我手中，而是掌握在你们手中
10.Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country
不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要自问你能为你的国家做和贡献
英语句子翻译技巧 以下浅谈英译汉的几点技巧。 第一，翻译时注意英文的句型，英文的句型一般来说有相应的中文译法。如It的句型的翻译： （1）It is＋名词十从句： It is a fact that…事实是…… It is a question that………是个问题 It is good news that………是好消息 it is common knowledge………是常识 (2) It is＋过去分词十从句： It is said that…据说…… I t must be pointed out that…必须指出…… It is asserted that…有人主张…… It is supposed that…据推测…… It is believed that…据信…… It must be admitted that…必须承认…… It is reported that…据报道…… It will be seen from ii that…由此可见…… It has been proved that…已证明…… It is general1y considered that…人们普遍认为…… （3）It is＋形容词十从句： It is necessary that…有必要…… It is likely that…很可能…… It is clear that…很清楚…… It is important that…重要的是…… (4) It＋不及物动词十从句： It follows that…由此可见…… It happens that…碰巧…… It turne d out that…结果是…… 第二，注意英语被动句的翻译。英文的被动句经常用汉语主动句表达，如：You are requested to give a performance 英文的被动句译成汉语的主动句：请你给我们表演一个节目。英文中被动意义也可以用汉语中含有主动意义的句子来表达。常译成“被”、“由”、“受”、
《扁鹊传》译文 扁鹊是勃海郡郑人，姓秦，名叫越人。年轻时做人家客馆的主管人。馆客长桑君常来住宿，扁鹊特别觉得他不平凡，常常很恭敬地接待他。长桑君也知道扁鹊不是一般的人。来往十多年，长桑君才叫扁鹊来私下交谈，悄悄地告诉扁鹊说：“我有秘方，我年纪老了，想传给你，请你不要泄露。”扁鹊恭敬地答道：“好的。”长桑君就拿出他藏在怀中的药给扁鹊，说：“您用天上降下的露水来服用这种药物，三十天就会洞察异物了。”于是拿出他的秘方全部交给了扁鹊，突然不见了，他大概不是一般的人啊！扁鹊就按照他的话服药三十天，视力能看见墙另一边的人。凭这种能力来诊视疾病，完全能见到五藏病症的所在，只是用诊脉作为名义罢了。行医有时在齐国，有时在赵国。在赵国的时候名叫扁鹊。 在晋昭公的时候，众大夫的势力强大而国君宗族的势力弱小。赵简子职掌管领大夫，独揽国家政事。有一次简子病了，五天不省人事，大夫们都很害怕，于是叫来扁鹊。扁鹊进来，看了简子的病情，就出来了。家臣董安于就向扁鹊询问简子的病情，扁鹊说：“血脉正常，你惊怪什么？从前秦穆公曾经患过像这样的病，过了七天才醒。现在你主君的病跟他相同，不出三天一定病愈。”过了两天半，简子醒了。 从那以后，扁鹊来到虢国。听说虢太子死了，扁鹊就来到虢宫廷的门前，问爱好医学的中庶子说：“太子患什么病，使京城中举行祈祷活动超过了其他事情？”中庶子说：“太子患血气运行不正常的病，气血错乱不能够疏泄，突然在体表发作，就造成了体内的病变。由于体内正气不能制止住邪气，邪气蓄积就不能散发，因此正气虚而邪气实，所以突然昏倒而死。”扁鹊问道：“他死了多长时间？”中庶子说：“鸡鸣至现在。”扁鹊说：“收殓了吗？”回答说：“没有，他死了还没有半天。”扁鹊又说：“请您进去禀告，就说我是齐国勃海秦越人，家住郑县，不曾仰望过国君的尊颜，也不曾到他面前拜见侍奉过。听说太子不幸地死了，我能使他活过来。”中庶子说：“先生该不会哄骗我吧！根据什么说太子能活呢？我听说上古的时候，有名医俞跗，治病不用汤药、酒剂、镵针、石针、导引、按摩、药物热敷等方法，只要一诊察就知道疾病所在的部位，就顺着五脏的腧穴，割开肌皮，疏通脉络，连结损伤的筋腱，按治髓脑，触动膏肓，疏理膈膜，清洗肠胃，洗涤五脏，修练精气，改变容貌气色。先生的方术能像这样，太子就能活了；不能像这样，想要使他活过来，简直不可以用来告诉刚会发笑的婴儿！”过了好一会儿，扁鹊仰头向天叹息说：“您所说的医术，就像用竹管窥看天空，从缝隙里看花纹。我秦越人的治疗方法，不必等到切脉搏、望面色、听声音、审察病人的形态，就能说出病所在的部位。知道病人外表的证候，就能推知内部的病机；诊察到内部的病机，我就能推知外表的病证。如病的反应表现在身体的外表，那么，只要是千里之内的病人，我就能判断出他内部的病变来。我诊断疾病的方法很多，不必跟你具体细说。您认为我的话不可信，就进去试试诊视一下太子，就会知道他耳内有鸣响，鼻翼在扇动，顺着两股，一直摸到阴部，应当还是温着的！”中庶子听了扁鹊的话，惊讶得眼睛呆呆地瞪着眨也不能眨，舌头在嘴里悬翘着却放不下来，就进去把扁鹊的话报告给虢君。 虢君听到这番话，非常惊讶，就从宫内走出来，到宫庭的中门会见扁鹊，说：“我听说您崇高的德行的时间已经很久了，然而还不曾在您面前拜见过。先生来到小国，幸亏您来救助我的儿子，使偏远之国寡德的我幸运得很，有先生，我的儿子就能活，没有先生，就要弃置沟壑，永远地不能回生了。”话没说完，就抽噎地哭泣起来，伤心得气满郁结，精神恍惚，长时间地流泪不止，泪珠滚动，挂在睫毛上，悲痛得不能控制自己，面容神色都改变了。扁鹊说：“要说您太子的病，就是人们所说的假死证。太子并没有死呀。”扁鹊就让徒弟子阳在磨刀石上磨针，用来针刺百会穴。一会儿，太子苏醒了。又让徒弟子豹准备能使药气进入 1/2 体内五分的熨药，用八减方的药剂调和起来煎煮，用来交替地热敷两胁下。太子起身坐起来了。再进一步调适阴阳之气，使之归于平衡，仅服药二十天就恢复了健康。所以天下人都认
句子翻译题30分（每题3分） 1. He talked to the foreigner in hesitant English. 他结结巴巴地用英语同那个外国人交谈。 2. Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。 3. Before them lay miles of miles of beautiful plain with lots of wild animals among the grass. 美丽的草原，茵茵的绿草，野生动物成群结队，绵延数英里，展现在眼前。 4. They asked long lists of questions, numerically arranged, about the climate, products, laws, business chances, and statistics of the country in which the consul had the honor of the representing his government. 他们一、二、三、四地列了一个很长的问题表，向那位领事问了一连串的问题，诸如领事派驻国的气候、物产、法律、贸易机会以及种种的统计资料。 5. As the temperature increases, the volume of water become greater. 温度增高，水的体积就增大。 6. Translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. 所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次是在文体上。 7. He is a complicated man----- moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.
英语句子翻译 1.我已经为你做了一些安排，早上参加中文班，下午游览这座城市，晚 上去吃特色小吃。 2.我很高兴收到你的来信，并且很高兴听到你将要来中国学习中文。 3.任何事情都有两面性，上网也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利 的一面。 4.因此，在我看来，我们应该合理的使用网络。 5.我希望你能在空闲的时候尽快给我回信。 6.电视在我们的日常生活中起着重要的作用，他给我们带来了许多好 处，但同时也引发了一些严重的问题。 7.随着社会的发展，汽车已经成为人类生活重要的一部分。 8.我们应该多植树，尽量使用公共交通工具，才能使城市变得越来越美 丽。 9.总而言之，整个社会应该密切关注污染这个问题。 10.人们已经想出许多办法来解决这个问题。 11.这里有一些学习英语的方法。每天记住10个单词，多看英文小说、 电影，尽量多与外国人交流。 12.成都位于四川中部，这里因为美食，美景而闻名。 13.我很高兴能帮助你提高中文，这里有一些建议可以给你。 14.因为明天有一个重要的考试，我很抱歉不能来参加你的生日聚会。
15.我已经买好了一份生日礼物托朋友Candy带给你，我希望我们能另外 再约时间见面。 16.我计划和同学们一个去敬老院（nursing home）陪老人们过重阳节（the double Ninth Festival） 17.十分感谢外教Mike老师的指导，让我在写作方面取得了巨大的进步。 18.成都是最有活力的城市之一。我相信这将是一次难忘的旅行。 19.四川有许多的旅游胜地，如都江堰、九寨沟、乐山大佛和峨眉山。 20.有规律的锻炼能让你有一个健康的身体。
扁鹊传 使圣人预知微，能使良医得蚤从事(7)，则疾可已(8)，身可活也。假如圣人能够预先觉察疾病的征兆，能让良医及早地治疗，那么疾病就可以治愈，生命就可以存活。人之所病，病疾多；而医之所病，病道少。人们担忧的，是担忧疾病多；而医生担忧的，是担忧治法少。扁鹊至虢宫门下，问中庶子喜方者曰(2)：“太子何病。国中治穰过于众事(3)？” 扁鹊来到虢国宫门下，问喜好方术的中庶子说：“太子得了什么病，国都中举行祈祷活动超过了其它的事闻病之阳，论得其阴(25)；闻病之阴，论得其阳。病应见于大表(26)，不出千里，决者至众(27)，不可曲止也(28)。掌握了病的外表症状，就能推断出它的内在病机；掌握了病的内在病机，就能推断出它的外表症状。病证表现在人体的外表，不超过千里的范围，决断疾病的方法很多，不能详尽说出来。 华佗传游学徐土⑶，兼通数经⑷。沛相陈珪举孝廉⑸，太尉黄琬辟⑹，皆不就(7)。到徐州一带外出求学，同时精通数种经书沛国国相陈珪荐举他做孝廉，太尉黄琬征召他去做官，都没有就任。 即如佗言，立吐虵一枚( 26)，县车边( 27)，欲造佗( 28)。佗尚未还，小儿戏门前，逆见( 29)， 病家就照华佗说的去做，很快就吐出一条虫子，把它挂在车边，打算到华佗那里去。华佗还没有回家，他的小孩在门前玩耍，迎面看见，自相谓曰：“似逢我公，车边病是也（30）。” 自言自语地说：“好象是碰到我父亲了，车边挂的虫子就是这种证明。” 于是传付许狱（10），考
验首服（11）。于是递解交付给许昌的监狱，审问验证，招供服罪。 荀彧请曰（12）：“佗术实工，人命所县（13），宜含宥之（14）。” 荀彧请求说：“华佗的医术确实高明，这是关系到人命的人，应当宽恕他。” 广陵吴普、彭城樊阿皆从佗学。普依准佗治（1），多所全济。佗语普曰：“人体欲得劳动（2），但不当使极尔（3）。动摇则谷气得消，血脉流通，病不得生，譬犹户枢不朽是也广陵的吴普和彭城的樊阿都跟随华佗学医。吴普依照华佗的方法治病，治愈的病人很多。华佗告诉吴普说：“人身体要得到活动，只是不应当让它疲劳罢了。活动之后水谷之气得以消化，血脉流通，病就不会产生了，譬如门的转轴不会朽烂就是这个道理。 钱中阳传 其论医，诸老宿莫能持难（15）。俄以病免（16）。哲宗皇帝复召宿直禁中（17）。久之，复辞疾赐告（18），遂不复起。 他谈论医学，许多年老而有名望的医家，不能拿问题难倒他。不久，因病辞官。哲宗皇帝又召他到禁宫中夜里值班。过了一段时间，又以有病为由而推辞，皇帝准予告假，就不再做官。 退居里舍，杜门不冠屦（27），坐卧一榻上，时时阅史书杂说，客至，酌酒剧谈。意欲之适（28），则使二仆夫舆之（29），隐居家中，关门谢客，不戴帽，不穿鞋，坐卧在床上，常常读些史书杂文。客人来到，就饮酒畅谈。心中想到什么地方去，就让两个仆人抬着他，出没闾巷，人或邀致之，不肯往也。病者日造门，或扶携襁负，累累满前（30）。 出入于里巷街道，人们有的邀请他，不肯前往。病人每天到家门，有的是搀
一、翻译下列句子，注意选词： 1.人民现在为什么拥护我们？就是这十几年有发展。 2.由于全球气候变暖，海平面在一点点地上升。 3.改革开放也使民族精神获得了解放。 4.我们的企业应着重提高国际竞争力。 5.中国的现代化建设离不开与世界各国的经济合作与贸易往来。 6.湖区水位提高可能要危及竹子的生长。这意味着以竹子为食物的大熊猫也将 受到威胁。 参考译文： 1.Why do people support us? Because our economy has been developing. 2.The sea level is rising little by little in the consequence of global warming. 3.Reforms and the open policy have also emancipated the minds of the people. 4.We need to be enhancing international competitiveness. 5.China’s modernization is inseparable from her economic cooperation and trade ties with other nations. 6.Higher water levels in the lake area may endanger the growing of bamboos, which means giant pandas that feed on these plants will suffer, too. 二、物称与人称（翻译下列句子，注意运用物称表达法） 我想到希望，忽然害怕起来了。 他气得话也说不出来。 我一时想不起他的名字。 我疏忽了这个问题。 我兴奋得什么话都说不出来。 走过草地几步，我们就到了一个华丽的大酒店。 你只消仔细比较一下，就会发现不同。 一看到那棵大树，我便想起了童年的情景。 恕我孤陋寡闻，对此关系一无所知。 凭良心讲，你待我礼貌有加，我却受之有愧。 参考译文： The access of hope made me suddenly afraid. Anger choked his words. His name escaped me for the moment. This point slipped my attention. Excitement deprived me of all power of utterance. A few steps across the lawn brought me to a large, splendid hotel.
1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法： ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2：我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单
?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道，句式多样 ?例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9：胎又瘪了。 ?译法1：We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2：Our tire is flat again. ?例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 ?译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。
1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn. 1.美洲羚羊，或称叉角羚，是该大陆典型的草原动物。 2. Of the millions who saw Haley’s comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century. 2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中，有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢？ 3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions. 3.人类学家们已经发现，恐惧，快乐，悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色，这在全人类是共通的。 4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued. 4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用，它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。 5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable. 5.任何盈利组织若要生存，最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。 6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse. 6.一个地方的人口越多，其对水，交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。 7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one’s meaning. 7.简明，直接，有力的写作难于花哨，含混而意义模糊的表达。 8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.
阅读表达解题技巧 句子翻译 I. 命题特点 要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解，并译成通顺的句子。句子往往是结构较为复杂的或者包括一些特定习语的句子。 该题型主要特点如下： ①难点：该考题读起来相对简单，难点在于汉语表达的准确性。 ②重点：词义的选择及引申，对原文理解的深度和语言的准确表达。 ③突出简单翻译技巧，如词、词组的省略及补译，译出it, they, this, that等代词的真正代表的含义，词义选择、引申、词性转换，长句的拆分与逆序翻译法等。考生应针对这些特点认真做好适当的准备。 设题形式：问题设置常用: Translate the underlined sentence in the …paragraph into Chinese. II. 答题技巧 ①善于分析句子结构，变抽象英语为具体汉语 通过分析句子的结构，把主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等分析出来，把长句变短句、从句变分句，结构上的难题往往迎刃而解。然后针对各成分，采用不同的译法翻译出来。表达抽象则要求考生吃透原文的意思，用具体的中文进行表达，这对考生往往具有更大的挑战性。 例如：You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail with a brief reply. 译文：用简短的话回复冗长的电子邮件完全不失礼节。 /用简短的话回复马拉松式的电子邮件也是礼貌的。 total exhaustion 筋疲力尽farsightedness远见卓识careful consideration深思熟虑perfect harmony水乳交融feed on fancies画饼充饥with great eagerness如饥似渴 lack of perseverance三天打鱼，两天晒网wait with great anxiety望穿秋水 make a little contribution 添砖加瓦on the verge of destruction危在旦夕 从上面的例子不难看出，英语表达往往比较抽象，汉语表达则比较具体。 ②切忌逐字逐句一一对应的翻译，尽量进行意译，即是在忠于原文意思的基础上，符合中文的表达习惯，或者视情况直译和意译相结合。抓住重点的关键词句，要注意句首状语、副词、介词短语等，译文要通顺，合乎英语的习惯，书写要规范、认真。 大部分考生在开始做翻译时就养成了一种坏习惯：一边读句子，一边思考每一个单词分别是什么汉语意思。在没有完整理解英语句子的情况下，就直接做了“字字对等”的翻译，或者，在读完之后，并没有理
《扁鹊传》重点句子翻译 1.中庶子曰：“先生得無誕之乎？何以言太子可生也？ 2.中庶子说：“先生大概是在骗我吧?! 凭什么说太子可以 复活呢? 先生之方能若是，則太子可生也；不能若是，而欲生之，曾不可以告咳嬰之兒。” 3.先生的医术能象这样，那么太子就能复活；不能象这样， 却想使他复活，简直不能把方才的话告诉刚刚会笑的婴儿! 4.“竊聞高義之日久矣，然未嘗得拜謁於前也。先生過小 國，幸而舉之，偏國寡臣幸甚。有先生則活，無先生則棄捐填溝壑，長終而不得反。” 5.“私下听到先生高尚义行的日子已经很久了，但是从来 没能到先生面前拜访过先生。先生来到我们这个小国，使我幸运地得到了援救，我们这个偏僻小国的太子真是幸运得很!有先生他就会复活，没有先生他就会被扔掉去填山沟，永远死去而不能回生了。” 6.人之所病，病疾多；而醫之所病，病道少。 7.人们担忧的事情，是担忧疾病多；而医生担忧的事情， 是担忧治病的方法少。
《华佗传》重点句子翻译 1.若病结积在内，针药所不能及，当须刳割者，便饮其麻沸散， 须臾便如醉死，无所知，因破取。 2.如果病患集结郁积在体内，扎针吃药的疗效都不能奏效，应 须剖开割除的，就饮服他配制的“麻沸散”，一会儿病人就如醉死一样，毫无知觉，于是就开刀切除患处，取出结积物。 3.即如佗言，立吐蛇一枚，县车边，欲造佗。佗尚未还，小儿 戏门前，逆见，自相谓曰：“似逢我公，车边病是也。” 4.他们马上照华佗的话去做，病人吃下后立即吐出一条蛇一样 的虫，他们把虫悬挂在车边，到华佗家去拜谢。华佗还没有回家，他的两个孩子在门口玩耍，迎面看见他们，小孩相互告诉说：“象是遇到咱们的父亲了，车边挂着的‘病’就是证明。 5.佗语普曰：“人体欲得劳动，但不当使极尔。动摇则谷气得消， 血脉流通，病不得生，譬犹户枢不朽是也。 6.吴普遵照华佗的医术治病，许多人被治好救活了。华佗对吴 普说：“人的身体应该得到运动，只是不应当过度罢了。运动后水谷之气才能消化，血脉环流通畅，病就不会发生，比如转动着的门轴不会腐朽就是这样。 《丹溪翁传》重点句子翻译 1.“吾卧病久，非精于医者不能以起之。子聪明异常人，其肯游
2.We write to introduce ourselves as one of the leading exporters of a wide range of air conditioners. 我们写自我介绍,作为一个领先的出口国广泛的空调 3.In order to export our products to western Europe,we are writing to you to seek cooperation possibilities. 为了我们的产品出口到西方的欧洲,我们给您写信寻求合作的可能性。 4.We have a lot of colors and sizes to meet different needs. 我们有很多颜色和大小来满足不同的需求 5.With years of efforts we have enlarged our business scope and we deal in nearly 100 kinds of goods. 多年的努力,我们已扩大我们的业务范围,我们的交易在近100种商品。 6.Our main business covers the import and export of various light industrial products. 我们的主要业务范围涵盖进出口各种轻工产品。 敬启者： 我们从你驻美国大使馆商务参赞处得知你们的地址，特写信给你们，希望建立业务关系。 我们在此间同微软产品的主要经营商有良好的关系，并确信只要你方价格具有竞争性，我们将能销售大量的中国货物，请告知你方
精心整理经典句子翻译（一）NAME____ 1. 在这个迅速发展的世界里，对每个人来说，学好英语是非常重要的。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 记忆新单词最好的方法是每天操练这些单词。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 直到他考试失败他才意识到努力工作的重要性。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 大家应该尽可能的多读书。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 6. 我们应该充分利用好时间去做有用的、富有成效的事。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 我们应该养成一个好习惯，明智地利用时间。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 8. 在过去的10年里，我们学校发生了巨大的变化。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 9. 我感觉我会是你们公司所需要的人。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 10. 就我而言,我赞同…的观点 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 11. 在校园内，学生拥有手机的趋势在不断增长。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 12. 我期待与你早日相见。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 13. 如果你有什么问题和请求只管跟我说。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 14. 毫无疑问，玩电子游戏正在成为影响学生学习的最大问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 15. 显然，早该采取一些积极的措施来解决问题。 ___________________________________________________________________________________ 16. 听音乐能让我们感到放松。 ___________________________________________________________________________________
句子翻译解题技巧 Four Asian Tigers Color Blue /red Blue sky Blue sky lamp Green Bluebird Meet one’s waterloo White ~ 7-ｕｐ/１３ You are the architect of your own fortune. You have to blow your own horn. 1.翻译题介绍和考点归纳 翻译题主要考查学生对词汇和语法的掌握情况。考试时，考生首先要弄清楚每题的考点,是考词汇还是语法内容。开始翻译时，应注意汉英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点，增加原文中无其形而有其义的词汇，如量词、助词、概括词、时态词、语态词、及其它解释性文字。
2.翻译时应注意的要点 1）句子的完整问题 句子的完整问题主要涉及主语。 For example “只要还有需求，我就有活着的理由，满足就是死亡” As long as I have a want, I have a reason for living. Satisfaction is death. “无论多么成功，人们都将继续面对困难” No matter how successful they become, people will continue to face difficulties. 2)动词形式和处理方式问题 动词形式和处理方式问题主要涉及该使用哪种非谓语动词形式和出现在主语位置上的动词。 For example
“确定目标是确保成功的第一步” Setting goals is the first step in achieving success. 将事物分类就是根据一定的计划把他们分组或排序 To classify things is to arrange them in groups or sequences according to a plan. 其它位置 “变化要求采取正确的行动” Change requires taking the right action. 除了将汉语的动宾结构处理为非谓语结构外，可以借助于英语的此类转换，将动宾结构翻译成“名词1+介词+名词2”结构 For example
丹溪翁传 1 卽慨然曰：“士苟精一艺，以推及物之仁，虽不仕於时，犹仕也。”乃悉焚弃向所习举子业，一於医致力焉 翻译: 就慷慨地说：“读书人如果精通一门技艺，用来推广惠及万物的仁德，即使在当世没有做官，犹如做官一样。”就完全烧毁抛弃了以前修习的科举考试之学业的书籍，专心地在医学上下起了功夫。 2盖其遇病施治，不胶於古方，而所疗则中；然於诸家方论，则靡所不通。他人靳靳守古[，翁则操纵取舍，而卒与古合。一时学者咸声随影附，翁敎之亹亹忘疲 翻译:因为他遇到疾病进行治疗时，不拘泥于古方，所以治的病就能痊愈。不过对于各家的方论，却也无所不通。他人拘泥固执、死守古方，丹溪翁确是灵活取舍，但最终又都同古法的精神吻合。很短的时间内，跟他学医的人都象回声一样紧随其后、象影子一样紧跟不离。丹溪翁教导他们勤奋不息，忘记疲倦。 3 左丘明有云：“仁人之言，其利溥哉！”信矣。若翁者，殆古所谓直谅多闻之益友，又可以医师少之哉？ 翻译:左丘明曾说：“仁德之人的教诲，它的益处真大呀！”确实如此啊。像丹溪翁这样的人，大概就是古代所说的正直、诚信、博学多闻的良师益友，又怎能因是医生而轻视他呢？ 扁鹊传 4 扁鹊者，勃海郡郑人也，姓秦氏，名越人。少时为人舍长。舍客长桑君过，扁鹊独奇之（以….为奇），常谨遇之。 翻译:扁鹊是勃海郡郑人，姓秦，名叫越人。年轻时做人家客馆的主管人。馆客长桑君常来住宿，扁鹊特别觉得他不平凡，常常很恭敬地接待他。 5 闻病之阳，论得其阴；闻病之阴，论得其阳。病应见于大表，不出千里，决者至众，不可曲止也。 翻译: 只要听到了疾病的外在症状，就能推知其内在病机；只要听到了疾病的内在病机，就能推知其外在症状。疾病表现在人的体表，病人只要不在千里之外，我决断病情的方法一定很多，而且不会出错。 6使圣人预知微，能使良医得蚤从事，则疾可已，身可活也。人之所病，病疾多；而医之所病，病道少。 翻译:假使有见识的人能预先知道尚未显露症状的疾病，让高明的医生及早进行治疗，那么病就可以治好，身体就可以存活了。一般人所担心的事情，是担心病多；然而医生所担心的事情，是担心治病的方法少。 华佗传 7 即如佗言，立吐虵一枚，县车边，欲造佗。佗尚未还，小儿戏门前，逆见，自相谓曰：“似逢我公，车边病是也。” 翻译: 病人就按华佗的说法去做，立刻吐出一条蛇一样的寄生虫，挂在车边上，想要去到华佗家。当时华佗还没有回来，华佗的小儿子在门前玩耍，迎面看见了他们，就自言自语地说：“这些人好象遇到了我父亲，车边的病物就是明证”。 8 若妻信病，赐小豆四十斛，宽假限日；若其虚诈，便收送之。於是传付许狱，考验首服。荀彧请曰：「佗术实工，人命所系，宜含宥之。」 翻译: 如果他妻子确实生病，就赐赠四十斛小豆，放宽假期；如果他虚假欺骗，就逮捕押送他回来。因此用传车把华佗递解交付许昌监狱，拷问服罪。荀彧向曹操求情说：“华佗的医术确实高明，关系着人的生命，应该包涵宽容他。” 《汉书?艺文志》序及方技略 9 战国从衡，真伪分争，诸子之言纷然殽乱。至秦患之，乃燔灭文章，以愚黔首。
B5M1(句子翻译) 1.It_doesn’t_matter_whether you will attend the party or not. 你来不来参加派对并不重要。 2.Many students are hot on playing computer games, while Wang Chen likes playing Weiqi. 许多学生热衷于电脑游戏，而王琛却喜欢下围棋。 .They have a lot in common and get along well with each other. 3.他们有很多相同之处，相处得很融洽。 .They are twin sisters, yet they have_little_in_common in their hobbies. 4.她们是孪生姐妹，但是她们的业余爱好几乎没有相同之处。 .In_common_with other companies, they advertise widely as well. 5.和其他公司一样，他们也广泛地做广告。 .One false step will make a great difference. 6.失之毫厘，谬以千里。 .The twins look so similar that you can hardly tell_the_difference_between them. 7.这对双胞胎看起来太像了，你简直无法把他们区分开来。 .It might be obvious to you, but it isn’t to me. 8.这对你来说也许很容易理解，但对我却并非如此。 .It_is_obvious_that the two Englishes have much in common. 9.很显然，这两种英语有很多共同之处。 .Obviously (obvious), American spelling is simpler than British spelling. 10很显然，美式拼写要比英式拼写简单。 .Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news gets around quickly. 11.好事不出门，坏事传千里。 .It’s time I got down to some serious work. 12.我该认真干点正事了。 .I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’t get through. 13.昨天我试着给你打过几次电话，但是没有打通。 .A man in confusion (confuse) cannot focus on the required work. 14.思绪混乱的人不可能集中精力做他被要求做的工作。 ③The confused look on his face suggested that he was confused about the confusing questions asked by his parents.(confuse) 15.他脸上迷惑的表情表明他对父母问的那些令人迷惑的问题感到困惑。 They confused me by asking so many confusing questions. I was totally confused, standing there in confusion, not knowing what to do.
大学英语四级句子翻译的常用技巧 时间:2012-04-09 11:10:44 来源:中华考试网编辑:晴天娃娃 英语和汉语是两种差异比较大的语言，英语重形合，汉语重意合。有人把英语句子比喻为“树木丛生、干枝纠缠的树林”，脉络难析，主次难辨，而把汉语句子比喻为“枝干分明的竹林”，脉络清晰，主次易辨。翻译时，根据表达习惯，英语、汉语的句子结构有时需要进行相应的转换。英汉语复合句中主句和从句之间的时间顺序和逻辑顺序也不完全一致，因此，翻译时，也时常需要根据表达习惯，对句序进行相应的调整。 现代翻译理论认为，句子是最重要的翻译单位。大学英语考试大四级考试中的翻译题型也是以句子翻译为主。考生如果能够熟练掌握句子翻译的基本方法，那么对于处理四级考试中的句子翻译题必将是如虎添翼。本期着重介绍常用的句子翻译方法：正反、反正表达法，分句、合句法。 正反、反正表达法 由于民族文化和思维方式不同，英汉两种语言在表达同一概念时所采用的方式就有所不同。在表达否定概念时，英语和汉语使用的词汇、语法、语言逻辑就有很大的差异。汉语中有些词、短语或者句子是从反面表达的，而译成英语时则需要从正面进行表达，如例1、例2、例3。反之，汉语中有些从正面表达的词、短语或者句子，译成英语时需要从反面进行表达，如例4、例5、例6。此外，汉语还有一些特殊的句子结构，如双重否定(例7)、否定转移(例8)在译成英语时也需要引起我们的注意。 一、 I.汉语从反面表达，译文从正面表达 例1：他提出的论据相当不充实。 译文：The argument he put forward is pretty thin. (词) 例2：我们确信，年轻一代将不会辜负我们的信任。 译文：We are confident that the younger generation will prove worthy of our trust. (短语)