期末考试题型：
I. Use of English (20%) 完成会话，共10题，每题2分
II. Reading Comprehension (40%) 阅读理解，共四篇文章，20题，每题2分III. Vocabulary and Structure (30%) 词汇与语法，共30题，每题1分
IV. Cloze Test (10%) 完型填空，共10题，每题1分
I. Use of English
1. —Mary, help yourself to some salad.
—____________ A. I don?t like salad. B. Sorry, I can?t help.
C. Thanks, but I?ve had enough.
D. No, I can?t.
2. —Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the railway statio n?
—____________
A. No, I couldn?t.
B. Sorry, I don?t know. I?m new here.
C. I couldn?t tell you.
D. You can?t ask me.
3. —What day is today?
—_____________.
A. Today is March 24.
B. Today is not bad.
C. Today is sunny
D. Today is Saturday
4. —How do you do? Glad to see you.
—_________________________
A. How are you? Me too.
B. How do you do? Glad to meet you.
C. I am fine, thank you. And you?
D. Nice, how are you?
5. —I?m sorry. Bob?s not in his office.
—_________
A. Can you take a message for me?
B. Are you sure for that?
C. Would you like to leave a message?
D. Can you phone me?
6. —Must I be home before seven?
—__________________.
A. No, you needn?t
B. No, you mustn?t
C. OK
D. no, you won?t
7．—Thank you very much for giving me so much help.
—___________________.
A. No thank you
B. You?re welcome
C. OK
D. Thanks
8. —Sir, if I can?t follow the partner, what should I say?
—You can say “____________________________”
A. Can you say it for a second time?
B. What you said was nonsense.
C. I don?t understand anything.
D. Pardon?
9. —I?m sorry that the postcards you want to buy have been sold out.
—__________________ A. Oh, great. B. That sounds boring.
C. That?s all right!
D. Oh, what a pity!
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10. —I think the movie is really exciting and touching.
—_________________
A. So am I.
B. So do I.
C. Neither do I.
D. The same to you.
11. —I?m glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like. —______ ______
A. Yes, I will.
B. I?m afraid I won?t be free.
C. Is it all right?
D. That?s a great idea.
12. —What can I do for you? —Yes, _______________
A. I?d like to see that shirt, please.
B. I?m afraid not.
C. may I invite you to dinner?
D. I just have a look.
13. —I am sorry for what I have said to you yesterday.
—_______________________. A. It?s just too bad B. No problem
C. Don?t think any more about it
D. I?m sure about that
14. —Excuse me, sir. Where is the Dean?s office? —_________________ _____.
A. You can?t ask me
B. Pardon? I have no idea
C. Please don?t say so
D. Sorry I don?t know. I am also a visitor here.
15. —Mr. Smith, must we hand in our composition next Monday?
—___________________
A. Yes, you will.
B. Yes, you must. It?s the deadline.
C. No, you mustn?t.
D. You can wait.
16. ― Excuse me, how can I get to the nearest subway station?
― ________________.
A. It?s two blocks up this street.
B. Yes. You are going the wrong way.
C. Don?t talk about it.
D. I need your help.
17. ― My cat is ill. She won?t eat anything.
― ________________.
A. You?d better go to the clinic.
B. Why not get something to eat?
C. I would go on diet if I were you.
D. You should take her to the vet.
18. ― O h, goodness! I haven?t got any money on me!
― ________________.
A. Keep the change please.
B. Sorry, I haven?t got one.
C. Let me lend you some.
D. It?s good to save some money.
19. ― Would you mind if we asked you for some advice?
― ________________.
A. Thank you so much.
B. That?s all right.
C. Er. What can I do for you?
D. Yes. Please go ahead.
20. ― I hope I am not interrupting your work.
― ________________.
A. Oh, that?s all right.
B. O.K. Let?s start again.
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C. Please go on with your work.
D. It?s hard to say.
21. —May I see the menu, please?
—A. That is the menu, sir B. Yes, please go on
C. Here you are, sir
D. Of course, sir
22. He pushed his way through the crowd, saying “_____.”
A. Never mind
B. With pleasure
C. Go ahead
D. Excuse me
23. ― I hope I am not interrupting your work.
― ________________.
A. Oh, that?s all right.
B. O.K. Let?s start again.
C. Please go on with your work.
D. It?s hard to say.
24. “Can you spare me a few minutes now?” “______, but I?ll be free thi s afternoon.”
A. No, I won?t
B. Yes, with pleasure
C. I?m not sure
D. I?m afraid not
25. —I?m glad you like it. Please drop in any time you like.
—____________
A. I?m afraid I won?t be free.
B. Yes, I will.
C. Is it all right?
D. That?s a great idea.
26. “You must find such long hours very tiring.” “______. I enjoyed it.”
A. After all
B. Never mind
C. Not in the least
D. That?s all right
27. “Would you take this along to the office for me?” “_____.”
A. That?s right
B. With pleasure
C. Never mind
D. Not at all
28. ―Would you rather walk or ride a bicycle? ―____________________
A. Yes, of course
B. No, thanks
C. It doesn?t matter
D. Ride a bicycle
29. “Mr. Smith is a kind person. I like to work with him.” “In fact, every one _______.”
A. is
B. does
C. has
D. likes
30. —What is your major, Jack? —_______________
A. I study very hard.
B. I?m learning course.
C. I major English.
D. I?m majoring in computer science. II. Reading Co mprehension
Passage 1
Ben was a poor man with a large family. One morning, waking up very e arly from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his hom e. The wood belonged to a rich gentleman, and Ben had no right to go there. But, in the wood there were lots of rabbits and birds that were good to eat, and Ben was determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a lot of anger on the rich man?s face as he saw the gun in Ben?s hands.
第3/21页Ben?s heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so h e walked boldly up to these people and said to the gentleman, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this mor ning?” The rich man, rath er surprised, said he and his friends were taking a little exercise to get an app etite for breakfast. Then, looking at Ben with suspicion, he said, “But why are you so early in the morning?” “Well, sir,” said Ben, “I just come out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowd burst into laugh ter at Ben?s ready wit, and with a smile the rich man walked on, leaving Be n to try his luck with the rabbits.
1. This is a story about _________.
A. a rich man who owned a big wood
B. a poor man who lived all by hi mself
C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat for his breakfast
D. a hunter with a large family
2. One morning Ben went to a wood _______.
A. to get a little exercise
B. to take in some fresh air
C. hoping to get something to eat
D. to visit the rich owner
3. Why was there a look of anger on the rich man?s face? A. Because he was not expecting Ben at such an early hour.
B. Because he knew Ben was there hunting.
C. Because he didn?t like the poor man at all.
D. Because Ben had not told him he would come.
4. Why was the rich man surprised?
A. Because he had not expected such a bold question.
B. Because he wondered why Ben didn?t run away.
C. Because Ben was not afraid of him.
D. Because Ben had a gun in his hands.
5. Ben?s ______ made the whole crowd burst into laughter.
A. funny looks
B. polite words
C. quick and witty response
D. promise to leave right away
Passage 2
Online learning is also called distance education. Many American colleges a nd universities have been offering it for years.
One example is New York University in Manhattan. The School of Continu ing and Professional Studies began online classes in nineteen ninety-two. Its Vi rtual College has taught more than ten thousand students from across the Unite d States and other countries.
Last year, the School of Continuing and Professional Studies launched NY U Online. It offers NYU?s first online programs to earn a bachelor?s degree. Programs are offered in three areas:
第4/21页leadership and management, information systems management and social scienc es. University officials say classes are highly interactive, where students comm unicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to all log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor. Stude nts can also ask questions and work together on team projects. The university says classes are taught by NYU professors who have been trained in online te aching. International students must take two admissions tests before they can b e accepted into the program. These are the SAT and the TOEFL. We will dis cuss these tests later in our series.
The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student ta kes. It can cost as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no fin ancial aid for international students in this program. You can get more details at https://www.doczj.com/doc/c614253316.html,.
1. When did New York University start its online classes?
A. In 1990.
B. In 1998.
C. In 1992.
D. In 1982.
2. Which of the following is NOT included in the online programs offering
a BA degree?
A. Information Systems Management.
B. Finance and Economy.
C. Leadership and Management.
D. Social Sciences.
3. What can the students do in the online learning programs?
A. Communicate with each other and the teacher.
B. Attend classes and lectures together.
C. Ask questions and work together on team projects.
D. Both A and C.
4. International students can be accepted into the program after __________ __.
A. they take the SAT and the TOFEL
B. they go to New York University
C. they apply and log in
D. two years in the United States
5. How much does the online learning program cost per year?
A. $15,000 .
B. $1,500 .
C. It depends.
D. $5,000.
Passage 3
Helen Keller was a normal child at birth in 1880. She was like other prett y, happy babies in every way. Then, one day, a sudden illness came upon her. Although medical knowledge was not as advanced then as it is now, Helen Keller did not die but lost her sight and hearing. As a result, she became dum b as well. For the next seven years, she lived in a world of darkness, without sounds and words.
On March 3, 1887, a teacher, Anne Sullivan by name, came to live with h er. Miss Sullivan was a special kind of teacher. She was once blind during he r childhood. And she could read Braille, a system of writing for blind people, so that she understood Helen, loved her and believed she could teach her. He len was a difficult pupil at first. But in a month Helen learned how to underst and signs and even though she was deaf and blind. She even went to college and had a full education. She wrote many books. Her best book is The Story of My Life.
1. Helen was born ____
A. blind and deaf
B. unlike other normal babies
C. a normal baby
D. with a serious illness
2. Helen lost her sight and hearing because ______. A. there was n o medical knowledge at all then
B. a sudden serious disease came upon her
C. she became dumb
D. she lived in a world of darkness
3. Anne Sullivan was a special teacher just because she ______.
A. experienced being blind once
B. knew how to teach
C. was able to read Braille, and understood H elen and loved her
D. all of the above 4. “Helen was a difficult pupil at first” in dicates that______.
A. she was hard to deal with at the beginning of her education
B. Braille was difficult for her
C. her teacher?s assignments were beyond her
D. he r life was full of difficulties 5. The phrase “in time” in the last paragraph means ______.
A. in difficulty
C. sometimes
Passage 4
It has been reported that in colleges across the United States, th e daytime serial drama known as the soap opera has suddenl y become “i n”. Between the hours of 11 a. m. and 4:30 p. m., college television lounges are filled with soap opera fans who can?t wait to see the ne xt episode in the lives of their favorite characters.
Actually, soaps are more than a college favorite; they?re a youth favorite. When school is out, high-school students are in front of t heir TV sets. One young working woman admitted that she turned down a higher paying job rather than give up watching her favorite serials. During the 1960?s, it was uncommon for young people to watch soap o peras. The mood of the sixties was very different from now. It was a time of seriousness, and talk was about social issues of great import ance.
Now, seriousness has been replaced by fun. Young people want to be happy. It may seem strange that they should turn to soap opera, whic h is known for showing trouble in people?s lives. But soap opera is enjoyment. Young people can identify with the soap opera character, w ho, like the college-age viewer, is looking for happy love, and proba bly not finding it. And soap opera gives young people a chance to fee l close to people without having to bear any responsibility for their problems.
1. What is soap opera?
A. Plays based on science fiction stories.
B. Plays based on non-f iction stories.
C. The daytime serial dramas on TV.
D. Popular documentary films o n TV.
2. What can be the best title of the passage?
A. College student viewers.
B. Favorite TV serials.
B. gradually D. during her full education
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C. Soap opera fans.
D. College-age viewers.
3. Which are not the reasons why the soap opera suddenly becomes “in” according to the passage?
A. Because the viewers want to be happy and to enjoy themselves.
B. Because the soap opera makes young people feel close to their p eople.
C. Because the viewers can find themselves in the soap opera chara cters.
D. Because the young people have to bear the responsibilities for their troubles.
4. What can learn from the passage?
A. College students like soap operas more than any other social gr oups.
B. Young people of sixties like soap operas more than people toda y.
C. Young viewers have turned themselves from the seriousness of si xties to enjoyment now.
D. The young as a whole are trying to look for happy love but in v ain.
5. What message does the author want to convey to us?
A. The people?s favorites to drama works have been changed for a long time.
B. The people?s favorites to drama works change along with the ti mes.
C. The people?s favorites to drama works is changed by the soap o pera.
D. The people?s favorites have changed the drama works.
Passage 5
When you take a walk in any of the cities in the West, you often s ee a lot of people walking dogs. It is still true that a dog is the m ost useful and faithful animal in the world, but the reason why peopl e keep a dog has changed. In the old days people used to train dogs t o protect themselves against attacks from other beasts. And later the y came to realize that a dog was not only useful for protection but w illing to obey his master. For example, when people used dogs for hun ting, the dog would not eat what was caught without permission.
But now people in cities need not protect themselves against attac ks of animals. Why do they keep dogs, then? Some people keep dogs to protect themselves from robbery. But the most to play with. For young couples, a dog is their child when they have no children. For old co uples, a dog is also their child when their real children have grown up. So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protecti on to friendship.
1. According to the passage, in the old days people trained dogs _ ______ .
A. for protection against robbery
B. just for fun
C. for companionship
D. for protection against other animals
2. The word “companionship” in Paragraph 2 means _______.
A. worship
B. treasure
C. friendly relationship
D. partnership
3. The dogs were used for hunting because ________. A. they were g ood hunters
B. they obeyed their masters
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C. they were useful for protection
D. they did not eat other animals
4. The most important reason for people to keep dogs now is that _ ______.
A. they need companion
B. they like children
C. they enjoy hunting
D. they want to protect themselves
5. We can infer (推断) from the passage that ________.
A. dogs can be helpful to those who need company
B. city people always feel lonely
C. dogs can be interesting
D. the city can be a very dangerous place
Passage 6
How men first learnt to invent words is unknown; in other words, t he origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, u nlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with ea
ch other; and that later they agreed upon certain signs, called lette rs, which could be combined to present those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken or written in letters, we call words.
The power of words, then, lies in their associations-the thing the y bring up before our minds. Words become filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and l earn, the more the number of words that mean something increases.
Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and emotions. This charming and telling use of words is what we call literary style. Above all, the real poet is a master of words. He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music and which by their position and association can move men to tears. We should therefore learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.
1. The origin of language is _______.
A. a legend handed down from the past
B. a matter that is hidden o r secret
C. a question difficult to answer
D. a problem not yet solved
2. What is true about words? A. They are used to express feelings only. B. They can not be written down.
C. They are simply sounds.
D. They are mysterious.
3. The real power of words lies in their _______.
A. properties
B. characteristics
C. peculiarity
D. representative function
4. By “association”, the aut hor means _______.
A. a special quality
B. a joining of ideas in the mind
C. an appearance which is puzzling
D. a strange feature
5. Which of the following statements about the real poet is NOT tr ue?
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A. He is no more than a master of words.
B. He can convey his ideas in words which sing like music.
C. He can move men to tears.
D. His style is always charming.
Passage 7
Now a computer is able to teach you English. It will soon be able to translate any language for you, too. It is one more result of micr oprocessors —those tiny parts of a computer commonly known as “sil icon chips” (硅片). So you don?t have to go to classes or buy textbo oks. In a few years you won?t need the international language of Eng lish.
A computer can be a good teacher if you really want to learn the l anguage. You can sit in front of a screen and practice. The computer will tell you when you are correct and when you are wrong. It can eve n talk to you because the silicon chips are able to change electronic impulses (电脉冲) into sounds.
So think of it. You will be able to teach yourself at your own pac e. You will waste very little time, and you can work at home. And if, after all that, you still can?t speak English, you can always use t he translating machine. In a few years, therefore, perhaps there will be no need for BBC English, no more textbooks or teachers of English. Instead of buying an exciting textbook, the computer will ask you to replace it with microprocessor 2002. Think of that, you can get fast and efficient language learning and translating facilities, and ther e will be no more tears or embarrassing moments. One little problem i s that a computer can?t laugh yet — but scientists are working on i t. Happy learning!
1. Silicon chips are _____.
A. the computer itself
B. the result of the development of micropr ocessors
C. microprocessors
D. parts of microprocessors
2. You will _____if you use a computer to learn the language. A. w aste much of your time
B. do everything at your own pace
C. need no translating machine
D. speak better English
3. The computer can be used to replace ______.
A. exciting new textbooks
B. experienced language teachers
C. language teaching radio progra ms
D. all of the above
4. Computers can _____. A. even laugh B. make you shed tears
C. even talk
D. get embarrassed
5. This passage is mainly about ______.
A. what language learning will be like when computerized (电脑化)
B. someone learning English by using a computer
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C. fast and efficient language learning
D. the computer teaching the language
Passage 8
I arrived in the United States on February 6, 1966, but I remember my fir st day here very clearly. My friend was waiting for me when my plane landed at Kennedy Airport at three o?clock in the afternoon. The weather was very cold and it was snowing, but I was too excited to mind. From the airport, my friend and I took a taxi to my hotel. On the way, I saw the skyline of Man hattan for the first time and I stared in astonishment at the famous skyscrapers and their man-made beauty. My friend helped me unpack at the hotel and the n left me because he had to go back to work. He promised to return the next day.
Shortly after my friend had left, I went to a restaurant near the hotel to ge t something to eat. Because I couldn?t speak a word of English, I couldn?t t ell the waiter what I wanted. I was very upset and started to make some gest ures, but the waiter didn?t understand me. Finally, I ordered the same thing t he man at the next table was eating. After dinner, I started to walk along Bro adway until I came to Times Square with its movie theatres, neon lights, and huge crowds of people. I did not feel tired, so I continued to walk around the city. I wanted to see everything on my first day. I knew it was impossible, b ut I wanted to try.
When I returned to the hotel, I was exhausted, but I couldn?t sleep becaus e I kept hearing the fire and police sirens during the night. I lay awake and t hought about New York. It was a very big and interesting city with many tall buildings and big cars, and full of noise and busy people. I also decided righ t then that I had to learn to speak English.
1. On the way to his hotel, the writer _____________. A. was silent all th
e time
B. looked out of the window with great interest
C. showed his friend something he brought with him
D. kept talking to his friend
2. He did not have what he really wanted, because _____________.
A. he only made some gestures
B. he did not order at all
C. the waiter was unwilling to serve
D. he could not make himself understood 3. The waiter _____________.
A. served the same thing the man at the next table was having
B. finally understood what he said
C. took the order through his gestures
D. knew what he would order
4. After dinner, he _____________.
A. walked back to the hotel right away
B. had a walking tour around the city
C. went to the movies
D. did some shopping on Broadway
5. That night he could not sleep, because _____________.
A. he did not know what to do the next day
B. he was not tired at all
C. he kept hearing the fire and police sirens
D. he was thinking about this great city
Passage 9
Miss Wang of Thailand went to Hong Kong for a holiday. Soon after she got to Hong Kong, she went shopping along Nathan Road. Suddenly a man ca me up to her and said, “Hello, there, I haven?t seen you for a long time.” T he stranger continued talking to her for a while and then took out a small box from his pocket. “Would you like to buy some diamonds?” he asked, opening the box to show some stones. “I?m willing to sell them to you cheap —on ly $400 for this diamond. How about it?” Miss Wang didn?t want to buy the diamond because she had heard many stories of people being tricked. Also, at that moment a woman stopped and warned her, “Don?t buy from him. He?s not an honest man. He?s trying to trick you!” The man raised his voice at once, “I?m honest. These diamonds are real.” In the end they took one of the diamonds to a jeweler —one who sells diamonds and the like. The jeweler examined the stone and told Miss Wang that it was real. He said it cost arou nd $900. Satisfied that the diamonds were real, Miss Wang decided to buy the m from the man. She chose two of the largest stones from his box and paid him $400. Then she went back to the jeweler and asked, “How much will it c ost to fix these on a ring?” The jeweler examined the stones and said, “Why do you want to do that? These are just glass.” “But you told me just now the y were diamonds.” “The first stone was a diamond; these are not.” Miss Wang ran out of the shop hoping to catch the stranger and get her money back. H owever, the man was nowhere to be found.
1. Miss Wang met the man __________.
A. on her way to Thailand
B. on her way to Singapore
C. when walking along a street in Hong Kong
D. when buying diamonds in a store 2. Miss Wang didn?t buy the diamon ds at first because she __________.
A. was afraid of being tricked
B. did not have enough money
C. already had too many diamonds
D. did not like the diamonds at all
3. Miss Wang decided to buy stones from the man, thinking that ________ __.
A. one stone was real, the rest weren?t
B. all the stones were real
C. the larger stones were real and the smaller ones were glass
D. the stones were more precious than glass
4. After buying two of the largest stones from the man, she went back to the jeweler to __________.
A. buy a ring
B. have them examined again
C. ask about the cost of fixing them on a ring
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D. buy some other jewels
5. Miss Wang ran out of the jeweler?s store because she __________.
A. wanted to report the matter to the police
B. wanted to buy some more diamonds
C. was angry with the jeweler
D. wanted to catch the stranger and get her money back
Passage 10
An employer has several choices he can consider when he wants to hire a new employee. First, he may look within his own company. But if none of th e present employees are suitable for the position, he will have to look outside the company. If his company has a personnel office, he can ask them to help find qualified applicants.
There are other valuable sources the employer can use, such as employmen t agencies, professional societies and so on. He can also advertise in the news papers and magazines and ask The employer has two kinds of qualifications to consider when he wants to choose from among applicants. He must consider both professional qualifications and personal characteristics.
A candidate?s professional qualifications include his education, experience a nd skills. These can be listed on a resume. Personal characteristics must be ev aluated through interviews.
1. This passage mainly tells us _______. A. how applicants look for a job
B. how an employer hires his employees
C. how an employer hires a new employee within his company
D. how an employer can advertise in newspapers and magazines
2. The word “prospective” may mean _______.
A. ordinary
B. outstanding
C. expected
D. qualified
3. When an employer wants to hire a new employee, he will consider ___ ____.
A. the employee?s professional qualifications
B. the employee?s personalities
C. the employee?s education and family b ackground
D. both A and B
4. “ Professional qualifications” does not include ______.
A. good health
B. skills
C. experience
D. education 5. We can conclude that a candidate who _____ is in a bette r position to be hired.
A. has worked for two months
B. has had college education
C. is getting training
D. is fond of sports
第12/21页Passage 11
Man has learned many exciting things from the instruments that he has sen t into space in rockets. Thermometers have measured temperatures. Barometers have measured pressure. Cameras have taken pictures.
countries like America and Russia began to train astronauts in 1960s and h ave sent them into space successfully.
The training is hard and the project is big. Later there were even animals such as monkeys, mice and chimpanzees that made the trip into space, too. Th e time has not come for families to go on space trips but today nobody thinks that such things are impossible. Everyone knows we will have them someday and may have them sooner than we think.
Man feels excited when he thinks about the future. He will someday step i nto a rocket and rise from the earth. But he will land somewhere else. The ro cket has made it possible for man to imagine how big our world is.
1.The main idea of this passage is that _______.
A. man has tried and still wants to see space for himself
B. man has made many exciting instruments such as thermometers and bar ometers
C. Russia and America have trained astronauts
D. man knows how big our world is
2. One can learn from the first paragraph that _______.
A. thermometers and barometers are very exciting
B. man has made only c ameras, thermometers and barometers in space research
C. man has learned many exciting things from the instruments he has sent into space
D. man is very interested in various kinds of instruments
3. “These things” in paragraph Two refer to _______. A. rockets and instru ments
B. all things done in space research except sending man there
C. thermometers and cameras
D. cameras and barometers
4. In space research, man is not satisfied because ______.
A. rockets man has made are not satisfactory
B. things man has learned are not exciting enough
C. the pictures taken ar e not very clear
D. he has not yet fully realized his hope to see space for himself
5. Man feels excited when he ______.
A. thinks about the future in space research
B. will step into a rocket, rise from the earth and land somewhere else
C. goes on space trips freely and knows how big our world is
D. all of the above
Passage 12
The weekends are a time for families in Britain. Often the parents are not at work. Having
第13/21页worked a five-day week from Monday to Friday, Saturdays are a busy time fo r shops with many families going shopping.
Sundays used to be a very special day of the week in Britain. It was the one day of the week for “worship and rest”. The shops were closed and most people were at home or at church. Popular leisure activities on Sunday used t o be going to church and doing odd jobs around the home such as gardening and DIY.
Until a few years ago shops were not permitted to open on a Sunday. Sun days today are becoming like any other day other week with shops open. Som
e families will now spend their time shopping rather than going to church or t hey will combine the two activities.
Britain is becoming a far less Christian country with fewer people regularly attending Church. Many Christians believe that Sunday should be kept special, as a time given to worshipping God. They think it is important for Christians to meet together, listen to readings from the Bible and celebrate Holy Comm union. Others believe that it is important that families have time to be together. (The shopping hours on a Sunday are less than on any other day of the wee k.) 1. The following activities are popular on Sunday in Britain except ______ __.
A. gardening
B. going to the zoo
C. shopping
D. DIY
2. In the second paragraph, the phrase …wo rship and rest?refers to_______ _.
A. going to the church
B. doing housework at home
C. having a rest at home
D. Both A, B and C
3. Which of the following is TRUE according the passage?
A. English people usually work five days a week.
B. In Britain, shopping is regarded as the most important activity in the w eekend.
C. Nowadays, more and more people prefer to go to church on Sundays.
D. Most people think the shopping hours on Sunday should be longer.
4. Britain is becoming less Christian probably because ________________.
A. Many people refused to go to the church
B. Going to the church is too boring
C. People think that staying with one?s family is more important than goi ng to the church
D. Many people think that Christians should meet together on Sundays
5. The passage mainly tells us _____________.
A. what British people think of Christian
B. what British people do in the weekends
C. why British is far less Christian
D. how to spend your leisure time III. Vocabulary and Structure
1. I do not intend to follow that, because we shall have an opportunity to do so on another ______.
A. occasion
B. situation
C. condition
D. environment 2. It is said ______o ur class has won.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. whether 3. My father called me while I____ __ a book.
A. read
B. was reading
C. will read
D. reading
4. Such problems ______ as soon as possible.
第14/21页
A. have solved
B. have been solving
C. have to be solved
D. have to solve
5. I _______ to live in Shanghai.
A. was used
B. used
C. got used
D. used not
6. ______ it is very late now, the students are still working in the lab.
A. As
B. When
C. If
D. Although
7. They are going to plant trees ______ side of the road.
A. on both
B. in either
C. in both
D. on either
8. When I was a child, my teacher told me that the earth ____ round.
A. was
B. had been
C. has been
D. is
9. We suggested that he _______ again.
A. would try
B. will try
C. tried
D. try 10. The question is difficult _____ ___ .
A. to be answering
B. to be answered
C. to answer
D. to be an answer
11. The students ______ four hours doing the reading assignments.
A. spent
B. cost
C. took
D. finished
12. Read it again and you?ll _______ the answer.
A. look
B. look for
C. find
D. find out
13. “Do I have to hand in the paper today?” “No, you ______ .”
A. mustn?t
B. needn?t
C. don?t need
D. won?t
14. Four hours _____ too long for him to write the letter.
A. has
B. is
C. are
D. have
15. I asked him _______.
A. where was the supermarket
B. where to the supermarket
C. where the supermarket was
D. where to get to the supermarket
16. I was born in Shanghai _______ April 9, 1978.
A. on
B. in
C. /
D. by
17. Things made of glass, plastic and tin are ______ hard ______ break do wn.
A. very, to
B. too, as to
C. too, to
D. so, to
18. She is wondering ______ to deal with next.
A. what
B. which
C. how
D. why
19. Now more and more students enjoy ______ tennis.
A. to play
B. playing
C. play
D. played
20. My radio doesn?t work. There must be something wrong _______ it.
A. at
B. on
C. with
D. about
21. I like _______, but I don?t want to ski today.
A. ski
B. to ski
C. skiing
D. to be skiing
22. We will start as soon as she _______ back.
A. comes
B. come
C. will come
D. coming
23. ______ we need more practice is quite clear.
A. If
B. That
C. What
D. /
24. The food in the kitchen _______ good.
A. sounds
B. feels
C. gets
D. smells
25. Mr. Johnson _______ in London for two weeks already.
A. will be
B. is
C. has been
D. was
26. Everybody wants to read the _______ news.
A. latest
B. oldest
C. last
D. newest
27. I wonder why ______ impossible for you to do the work by yours elf.
A. you
B. you are
C. it is
D. you were
28. The girl is not happy at the new school. She has _______ frien ds there.
A. few
B. a few
C. little
D. a little
29. Light ______ more quickly than sound.
A. travel
B. travels
C. traveled
D. travelling
30. Your friends ______. They _______ two days ago.
A. already come, come
B. already come, came
C. have already come, came
D. have already come, come
31. Two _______ died of cold last year.
A. hundreds of old people
B. hundreds of old peoples
B. hundred old peoples D. hundred old people
32. _______ he comes, we won?t be able to go.
A. Except
B. Unless
C. Without
D. Even
33. It _______ John and Kate who helped me the other day.
A. was
B. is
C. are
D. were
34. His English is very good. He can speak English better than ___ _____ in his grade.
A. any one
B. the one
C. anyone else
D. other student
35. ________ is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.
A. That
B. It
C. Which
D. As
36. She was _____ the top prize in the competition.
A. awarded
B. rewarded
C. received
D. accepted
37. _______ leaves the room last should turn off the lights. A. Th
e person B. Who C. Whoever D. Anyone
38. The teacher spent almost four hours ______ the students? home work.
A. to go over
B. going over
C. go over
D. went over
39. We are looking forward to _______ a trip to your country. A. t ake B. be taking C. having taken D. taking
40. Does it____ much to have the bicycle repaired?
A. pay
B. spend
C. cost
D. ask 41. So far I haven't ____ any instr uctions as to what to do next.
A. received
B. accepted
C. achieved
D. recovered 42. They discusse d the problem three or four times, but could come to no __________.
A. end
B. conclusion
C. result
D. judgment
43. He was last seen in public on the __________ of his daughter's wedding.
A. chance
B. occasion
C. event
D. affair
44. She is very careful. She ______ very few mistakes in her work.
A. does
B. takes
C. makes
D. gets
45. The news ______ we won the game excited us all.
A. which
B. where
C. that
D. /
第16/21页
46. He asked who I voted for and I said it was my own _______.
A. thing
B. matter
C. duty
D. business
47. I ______ the present, but I didn?t _______ it.
A. received, receive
B. received, accept
C. received, accepted
D. accepted, received
48. If it ______, we shall stay at home.
A. rained
B. rain
C. rains
D. will rain 49. The coffee is wonderfu l! It doesn?t taste like anything I _____ before.
A. have ever had
B. have
C. was having
D. had ever had
50. The case ______ a lot of things, ______ a second-hand watch.
A. included; contained
B. included; containing
C. contained; included
D. contained; including
51. He was told that after he graduated he ____________ by a compa ny.
信息分析方法习题 Company number：【0089WT-8898YT-W8CCB-BUUT-202108】
《信息分析方法》复习题 一、单项选择： 1．信息分析有许多相关概念，但以下概念中与信息分析无关的是【 A 】 A．信息组织 B．技术跟踪 C．数据分析 D．情报研究 2．信息分析的目的是 【 D 】 A．为信息咨询服务 B．为科学研究服务 C．为信息管理服务 D．为科学决策服务 3．信息分析工作中研究方法的科学性主要表现在 【 D 】 A．采用科学的研究方法 B．数据的客观性和准确性 C．研究的相对独立性 D．以上全是 4．信息分析的基本功能是整理、评价、预测和 【 A 】 A．反馈
B．综合 C．评价 D．推理 5．信息分析中进行多因素之间关系的定量研究，主要依赖以下哪种方法【 D 】A．系统分析 B．社会学 C．预测学 D．统计学 6．文献收集中的检索方法有多种。从时间上看，如果是从与课题相关起止年代由远而近地开始查找，这种检索方法则是【 B 】 A．追溯法 B．顺查法 C．倒查法 D．常规法 7．对照两个或两个以上研究对象，以确定其间差异点和共同点的一种逻辑思维方法称 为【 C 】A．因素法 B．差量法 C．比较法 D．相关法 8．一切推理可以分为哪两大类【 D 】 A．常规推理、直言推理
B．简单判断的推理、复合判断的推理 C．假言推理、选言推理 D．演绎推理、归纳推理 9．考察某类事物中的部分对象具有某种属性而推出该类事物都具有此属性的推理形式 是【 B 】A．常规推理 B．简单枚举推理 C．假言推理 D．选言推理 10．特尔菲法中专家意见的协调程度可以用以下哪一个来表示 【 D 】 A．评分的算术平均值 B．对象的满分频度 C．对象的评价等级和 D．协调系数和变异系数 11．下列各句话中，以下哪一句没有采用相关分析【 C 】 A．山雨欲来风满楼 B．瑞雪兆丰年 C．一年之计在于春 D．春江水暖鸭先知 12．回归法中最基本的方法是 【 A 】
第一章机器视觉系统构成与关键技术 1、机器视觉系统一般由哪几部分组成？机器视觉系统应用的核心目标是什么？主要的分 成几部分实现？ 用机器来延伸或代替人眼对事物做测量、定位和判断的装置。组成：光源、场景、摄像机、图像卡、计算机。用机器来延伸或代替人眼对事物做测量、定位和判断。三部分：图像的获取、图像的处理和分析、输出或显示。 2、图像是什么？有那些方法可以得到图像？ 图像是人对视觉感知的物质再现。光学设备获取或人为创作。 3、采样和量化是什么含义？ 数字化坐标值称为取样，数字化幅度值称为量化。采样指空间上或时域上连续的图像（模拟图像）变换成离散采样点（像素）集合的操作；量化指把采样后所得的各像素的灰度值从模拟量到离散量的转换。采样和量化实现了图像的数字化。 4、图像的灰度变换是什么含义？请阐述图像反色算法原理？ 灰度变换指根据某种目标条件按照一定变换关系逐点改变原图像中每一个像素灰度值，从而改善画质，使图像的显示效果更加清晰的方法。对于彩色图像的R、G、B各彩色分量取反。 第二章数字图像处理技术基础 1、对人类而言，颜色是什么？一幅彩色图像使用RGB色彩空间是如何定义的？24位真彩 色，有多少种颜色？ 对人类而言，在人类的可见光范围内，人眼对不同波长或频率的光的主观感知称为颜色。 一幅图像的每个像素点由24位编码的RGB 值表示：使用三个8位无符号整数（0 到255）表示红色、绿色和蓝色的强度。256*256*256=16,777,216种颜色。 2、红、绿、蓝三种颜色为互补色，光照在物体上，物体只反射与本身颜色相同的色光而吸 收互补色的光。一束白光照到绿色物体上，人类看到绿色是因为？ 该物体吸收了其他颜色的可见光，而主要反射绿光，所以看到绿色。 3、成像系统的动态范围是什么含义？ 动态范围最早是信号系统的概念，一个信号系统的动态范围被定义成最大不失真电平和噪声电平的差。而在实际用途中，多用对数和比值来表示一个信号系统的动态范围，比如在音频工程中，一个放大器的动态范围可以表示为： D = lg（Power_max / Power_min）×20； 对于一个底片扫描仪，动态范围是扫描仪能记录原稿的灰度调范围。即原稿最暗点的密度（Dmax）和最亮处密度值(Dmin)的差值。 我们已经知道对于一个胶片的密度公式为D = lg（Io/I）。那么假设有一张胶片，扫描仪向其投射了1000单位的光，最后在共有96%的光通过胶片的明亮（银盐较薄）部分，而在胶片的较厚的部分只通过了大约4%的光。那么前者的密度为： Dmin=lg（1000/960）= 0.02； 后者的密度为： Dmax=lg（1000/40）= 1.40 那么我们说动态范围为：D=Dmax-Dmin=1.40-0.02=1.38。
一....干燥操作及干燥速率曲线的测定 1..什么是恒定干燥条件？本实验装置中采用了哪些措施来保持干燥过程在恒定干燥条件下进行？ 答：指干燥介质的温度、湿度、流速及与物料的接触方式，都在整个干燥过程中均保持恒定。实验是以大量的空气和少量的湿物料接触，测定湿物料在干燥过程中水分和其他参数的变化。 2.控制恒速干燥阶段速率的因素是什么？控制降速干燥阶段干燥速率的因素又是什么？ 答：恒速干燥阶段的干燥速率的大小取决于物料表面水分的汽化速率，亦取决定于物料外部的干燥条件，所以恒定干燥阶段又称为表面汽化控制阶段。降速阶段的干燥速率取决于物料本身结构、形状和尺寸，而与干燥介质的状态参数关系不大，故降速阶段又称物料内部迁移控制阶段。 3.空气和水蒸气混合系统，为什么认为湿球温度tw与空气的绝热饱和温度ts 相等？ 答：湿球温度是由湿球温度计置于湿空气中测得的温度，实质上是湿空气与湿纱布中水之间传质和传热达到稳定时，湿纱布中水的温度。在绝热条件下，当空气绝热增湿达到饱和时，湿空气的温度不再变化，与循环水温度相等，该温度即为湿空气的绝热饱和温度。所以湿球温度等于绝热饱和温度。 4.为什么要先启动风机，再启动加热器？实验过程中干、湿球温度计是否变化？为什么？如何判断实验已经结束？ 答：让加热器通过风冷慢慢加热，避免损坏加热器，反之如果先启动加热器，通过风机的吹风会出现急冷，高温极冷，损坏加热器。理论上干、湿球温度是不变的，但实验过程中干球温度不变，但湿球温度缓慢上升，估计是因为干燥的速率不断降低，使得气体湿度降低，从而温度变化。湿毛毡恒重时，即为实验结束。 5. 若加大热空气流量，干燥速率曲线有何变化？恒速干燥速率、临界湿含量又如何变化？为什么？ 答：若加大热空气流量，干燥曲线的起始点将上升，下降幅度变大，并且到达临界点的时间缩短，临界湿含量降低。这是因为风速增加后，加快啦热空气的排湿能力 二...流体流动阻力实验 1. 实验中为什么有的地方用U型压差计?有的地方用倒U型压差计?分别写出计算压强差的公式? 答：用U型压差计使得压强的大小更直观明显（因为如果一边有压强，两边的高度差很大），用倒U的是密度比压差计中的液体密度大，P=ρgh（液体） P=F/S （所有适用） 2.压差计的测压导管的粗细，长短对流量有无影响，为什么 答：有影响。跟据公式 hf=Wf/g=λlu平方/2d也就是范宁公式，是沿程损失的计算公式。因此，根据公式，测压孔的长度，还有直径，都是影响测压的因素。再根据伯努利方程 测压孔的位置，大小都会对实验有影响。 3．U形压差计的平衡旋塞和排气旋塞起什么作用？怎样使用？在什么情况下会冲走水银？如何防止？ 答：平衡旋塞的作用：在排气时打开，平衡压差计两臂压力，防止水银冲走，测量时关闭，使两侧量臂不再连通。
出版专业实务初级课后 思考题 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
练习 1.工具书可分为哪几种类型 2.简述字典、词典的定义、特点和组织结构． 3.现代的字典、词典可分为哪几类试举例说明。 4.简述百科全书的主要特点和编排方式。 5.百科全书可分为哪几类试举例说明各自不同的特点。 6.简述书目的类型和功用。 7.简述索引的类型和功用。 8.简述年鉴的特点、类型和功用。 9.表谱可分为哪几类试举例说明。 10.图录可分为哪儿类试举例说明。 11.信息采集具有哪些作用编辑需要采集哪些方面的信息 12.信息采集的方法有哪几种 13.信息处理的方法有哪些 14.什么是选题什么是选题策划 15.选题策划的作用是什么有哪些要求包括哪些基本内容 16.期刊选题策划有别于图书选题策划的特殊之处是什么’ 17.组稿有哪几种方式包括哪些基本步骤 18.出版单位的稿件有哪几种来源 19.审稿的主要作用是什么 20.我国实行什么审稿制度这项制度的基本要求是什么 21.对稿件的内容质量有哪些基本要求对稿件的形式质量应该从哪些方面进行评价 22.对审稿人员的具体要求有哪些 23.期刊的审稿有哪些特殊要求 24.审稿的最基本方法有哪些审读稿件如何进行 25.对稿件质量评价采用什么方法 26.审稿结论有哪几种相应的审稿意见应如何体现 27.编辑加工整理有哪些作用应该遵循哪些原则 28.编辑加工整理包括哪些步骤采用什么方法 29.图书正文的编辑加工整理包括哪儿方面内容各有什么要求 30.图书辅文的编辑加工整理包括哪儿方面内容各有什么要求 31.图书稿件的技术加工整理包括哪儿方面内容各有什么要求 32.期刊的编辑加工整理有哪些特殊要求 33.稿件应该达到什么样的基本要求才可以发稿 34.发稿时需要对稿件从哪些方面迸行整理它们各有哪些要求应该怎样实施 35.审定发稿包括哪些基本步骤 36.图书稿件发稿时需要随附哪些文件 37.编辑人员处理校样应该做好哪些工作
本文部分内容来自网络整理，本司不为其真实性负责，如有异议或侵权请及时联系，本司将立即删除！ == 本文为word格式，下载后可方便编辑和修改！ == 机器视觉实验报告 实验报告 课程名称： 班级： 姓名： 学号： 实验时间： 实验一 一．实验名称 Matlab软件的使用 二．实验内容 1.打开MATLAB软件，了解菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏、命令窗口等； 2.了解帮助文档help中演示内容demo有哪些； 3.找到工具箱类里面的Image Processing工具箱，并进行初步学习，为后续实验做准备。 三．实验原理： 通过matlab工具箱来进行图像处理 四．实验步骤 1. 双击桌面上的matlab图标，打开matlab软件 2. 了解菜单栏、工具栏、状态栏、命令窗口等
如下图1-1所示 图 1-1 3. 了解帮助文档help中演示内容demo有哪些； 步骤如下图1-2 图1-2 打开help内容demo后，里面的工具箱如图所示。 图1-3 4. 找到工具箱类里面的Image Processing工具箱，并进行初步学习，为后续实验做准备。找到并打开Image Processing工具箱，窗口如图1-4 ，图1-5所示 图 1-4 图 1-5 五.实验总结和分析 通过实验前的理论准备和老师的讲解，对matlab有了一定认识，在实验中，了解了实际操作中的步骤以及matlab中的图像处理工具箱及其功能，为后续的学习打下了基础，并把理论与实际相结合，更加深入的理解图像处理。 实验二 一．实验名称 图像的增强技术 二．实验内容 1.了解图像增强技术/方法的原理； 2.利用matlab软件，以某一用途为例，实现图像的增强； 3.通过程序的调试，初步了解图像处理命令的使用方法。 三．实验原理： 通过matlab工具箱来进行图像处理，通过输入MATLAB可以识别的语言命令来让MATLAB执行命令，实现图像的增强。
2008年数学物理方法期末试卷 一、求解下列各题（10分*4=40分） 1． 长为l 的均匀杆，其侧表面绝热，沿杆长方向有温差，杆的一段温度为零，另一端有热量流入，其热流密度为t 2sin 。设开始时杆内温度沿杆长方向呈2 x 分布，写出该杆的热传导问题的定解问题。 2． 利用达朗贝尔公式求解一维无界波动问题 ?????=-=>+∞<<-∞=-==2||)0,(040 0t t t xx tt u x u t x u u 并画出t=2时的波形。 3． 定解问题???? ???≤≤==∞<<==<<<<=+====) 0( 0,sin )0( 0 ,)0 ,0( ,000a x u x B u y u ay u b y a x u u b y y a x x yy xx ，若要使边界条件齐次化，，求其辅助函数，并写出相应的定解问题 4． 计算积分?-+=1 11)()(dx x P x xP I l l 二、（本题15分）用分离变量法求解定解问题 ?????+===><<=-===x x u u u t x u a u t x x x xx t 3sin 4sin 20 ,0)0,0( 0002ππ 三、（本题15分）设有一单位球壳，其球壳的电位分布12cos |1+==θr u ，求球内、外的电位分布 四、（本题15分）计算和证明下列各题 1．)(0ax J dx d 2．C x x xJ x x xJ xdx x J +-=? cos )(sin )(sin )(100 五、（本题15分）圆柱形空腔内电磁振荡满足如下定解问题
???????===<<<<=+=?===0 00),(0,00),(0),(0l z z z z a u u z u l z a z u z u ρρρρλρ 其中2)(c ω λ=，为光速为电磁震荡，c ω。 （1） 若令)()(),(z Z R z u ρρ=，写出分离变量后关于)()(z Z R 和ρ满足的方程； （2） 关于)()(z Z R 和ρ的本征值问题，写出本征值和本征函数； （3） 证明该电磁振荡的固有频率为 ,3,2,1;,2,1,0 ,)()(220==+=m n l n a x c m mn πω 其中0m x 为零阶Bessel 函数的零点。 参考公式 （1） 柱坐标中Laplace 算符的表达式 （2） Legendre 多项式 （3） Legendre 多项式的递推公式 （4） Legendre 多项式的正交关系 （5） 整数阶Bessel 函数 （6） Bessel 函数的递推关系
化工原理实验课后思考 题 Revised as of 23 November 2020
5流体流动阻力的测定实验 (1)在U形压差计上装设“平衡阀”有何作用在什么情况下它是开 着的，又在什么情况下它应该关闭的 答：平衡阀是用来改变流经阀门的流动阻力以达到调节流量的目的，其作用对象是系统的阻力，平衡阀能够将新的水量按照设计计算的比例平衡分配，各支路同时按比例增减，仍然满足当前气候需要下的部份负荷的流量需求，起到平衡的作用。平衡阀在投运时是打开的，正常运行时是关闭的。 (2)为什么本实验数据须在对数坐标纸上进行标绘 答：因为对数可以把乘、除变成加、减，用对数坐标既可以把大数变成小数，又可以把小数扩大取值范围，使坐标点更为集中清晰，作出来的图一目了然。 （3）涡轮流量计的测量原理时是什么，在安装时应注意哪些问题答：涡轮流量计通过流动带动涡轮转动，涡轮的转动通过电磁感应转换成电信号，涡轮转速和流量有正比关系，通过测量感应电流大小即可得到流量大小。涡轮流量计在安装时必须保证前后有足够的直管稳定段和水平度。 (4)如何检验系统内的空气已经被排除干净 答：可通过观察离心泵进口处的真空表和出口处压力表的读数，在开机前若真空表和压力表的读数均为零，表明系统内的空气已排干净；
（5）结合本实验，思考一下量纲分析方法在处理工程问题时的优点和局限性 答：优点：通过将变量组合成无量纲群，从而减少实验自变量的个数，大幅地减少实验次数，避免大量实验工作量。具有由小及大由此及彼的功效。局限性：并不能普遍适用。 6离心泵特性曲线的测定实验 （1）离心泵在启动前为什么要引水灌泵如果已经引水灌泵了，离心泵还是不能正常启动，你认为是什么原因 答：（1）防止气缚现象的发生（2）水管中还有空气没有排除 开阀门时，扬程极小，电机功率极大，可能会烧坏电机 （2）为什么离心泵在启动前要关闭出口阀和仪表电源开关 答：防止电机过载。因为电动机的输出功率等于泵的轴功率N。根据离心泵特性曲线，当Q=0时N最小，电动机输出功率也最小，不易被烧坏。 而停泵时，使泵体中的水不被抽空，另外也起到保护泵进口处底阀的作用。 3、为什么用泵的出口阀门调节流量这种方法有什么优缺点还有其他方法调节流量 答：优点：操作简单，但是难以达到对流量的精细控制。确定损失能量，通过改变泵的转速，泵的串并联 （4）离心泵在其进口管上安装调节阀门是否合理为什么
四川省2020年7月高等教育自学考试 《信息分析方法》复习题参考答案 一、选择题 1. 德尔菲法的优点不包括 （ B ） A.匿名性 B.系统性 C.反馈性 D.统计性 2. 选题的程序顺序为 （ B ） A.课题提出→课题选定→课题分析与论证 B.课题提出→课题分析与论证→课题选定 C.课题分析与论证→课题提出→课题选定 D.课题分析与论证→课题选定→课题提出 3. 文献信息源中使用最广泛的是 （ A ） A.印刷型文献 B.微缩型文献 C.机读型文献 D.声像型文献 4. 一份研究报告中，占总项数4/5的指标达到了一级标准，则可认定该产品为 （ A ） A.一级产品 B.二级产品 C.三级产品 D.非等级产品 5. 根据各项评价指标打分来计算产品总分的数据统计方法中，加权相加与相乘混合计算公式为 （ D ） A. ∑==n i i R S 1 B. ∑==n i i i R W S 1 C. ∏∑===m j p j ij R S 1 1 ) ( D. ∑∏-===11 1 )(n j j j t i i b W a S 6. 研究报告的核心部分是 （ C ） A.题目 B.序言 C.主体 D.结论或建议 7. 常规推理又称为 （ C ） A.归纳推理 B.假言推理 C.直言推理 D.间接推理 8. 当01.0=α的时候，置信区间为 （ C ） A. ) (0∧ ±σy B. ) 2(0∧ ±σy
C. ) 3 ( ∧ ±σ y D. ) 4 ( ∧ ±σ y 9. 根据美国预测学家杨奇（E. Jantsch）总结出的中位数与上、下四分点之间的近似数学关系，如果在1982年进行某项事件实现时间得出的预测中位数为2006年，则上、下四分点分别为（C ）A.1996年2020年 B.1997年2021年 C.1998年2022年 D.1999年2023年 10. 时间序列分析方法中，适合于技术发展长期预测的是（B ） A.生长模型B包络曲线模型 C.指数增长模型 D.分解法 11. 龚珀兹曲线模型的数学表达式为 t b ka y=，其中k、a、b参数的要求为（ A ） A.k>0,0
第一章信息检索 1．工具书可分为哪几种类型？ 答：（1）根据工具书的编制特点和功能用途可分为字典、词典，百科全书，类书、政书，书目、索引、文摘，年鉴、手册、名录，表谱，图录。 （2）根据工具书的主要职能可分为：①语言性工具书，主要包括字典、语文词典；②检索性工具书（或称线索性工具书），主要包括书目、索引、文摘；③参考性工具书，主要包括百科全书、专科词典、类书、年鉴、手册、表谱、图录。 2．简述字典、词典的概念、特点和组织结构。 答：1. 概念：字典是汇集单字，按某种方法编排，注明读音、意义和用法的工具书。词典是汇集词语，按某种次序编排，逐条加以释义或提供有关信息的工具书。 2. 特点：①以条目为基本单元；②检索的专指性性；③解释简明、规范。 3. 组织结构：字典、词典一般由正文、辅助说明、目录、索引和相关附录等部分组成。 3．现代的字典、词典可分为哪几类？试举例说明。 答：从出版专业技术人员来看，一般按照所收录词目的性质和释文内容划分，可以分为语文词典、专科词典和综合性词典。 语文词典如《现代汉语词典》《汉语大词典》。专科词典如《经济大辞典》《中国人名大辞典》等。综合性词典如《辞海》。 4．简述百科全书的主要特点和编排方式。 答：主要特点：①概述性；②完备性；③权威性。 有三种编排方式，按条头字顺编排、分类编排或分类与字顺相结合的方式（即大卷分类）编排。 5．百科全书可分为哪几类？试举例说明各自不同的特点。
答：类型：①综合性百科全书。概述人类一切门类知识，供读者查检基本知识和基本资料。如《中国大百科全书》《中华常识百科全书》《中国少年儿童百科全书》等。 ②专业性百科全书。以某一学科或某一门类知识为收录范围。《中国文学百科全书》《中国医学百科全书》等。 ③地域性百科全书。以与某一地域相关的知识为收录范围，全面介绍该地域内的社会、政治、经济、科技、文化、教育及历史状况。如《北京百科全书》《西藏百科全书》等。 6．简述书目的类型和功用。 答：可分为：综合性书目、专题文献书目、地方文献书目、个人著述书目和联合目录。 功用：一，记录历史上图书报刊的出版发行情况，反映一定时期科学文化的发展概貌。 二，通报各类文献的出版情况，为读者提供丰富的文献资料信息。 三，揭示图示内容及版本，宣传图书，指导阅读。 四，反映图书和报刊资料的馆藏情况，方便读者查阅书刊资料。 7．简述索引的类型和功用。 答：类型：著者索引、题名索引、语词索引和主题索引。 功用：索引的功用与书目相似，索引比书目能更深入细致地揭示书报刊的内容，便于读者检索散见于书报刊中的资料。 8．简述年鉴的特点、类型和功用。 答：1. 特点：①资料性，②时限性和连续性，③新颖性。 2. 类型：①综合性年鉴，②专门性年鉴，③统计性年鉴，④地域性年鉴。 3. 功用：第一，向人们提供一年内全面、真实、系统的事实资料。 第二，具有比较系统的连续参考价值。
实验1单项流动阻力测定 （1）启动离心泵前，为什么必须关闭泵的出口阀门？ 答：由离心泵特性曲线知，流量为零时，轴功率最小，电动机负荷最小，不会过载烧毁线圈。 （2）作离心泵特性曲线测定时，先要把泵体灌满水以防止气缚现象发生，而阻力实验对泵灌水却无要求，为什么？ 答：阻力实验水箱中的水位远高于离心泵，由于静压强较大使水泵泵体始终充满水，所以不需要灌水。 （3）流量为零时，U形管两支管液位水平吗？为什么？ 答：水平，当u=0时柏努利方程就变成流体静力学基本方程： Z l P l ? :?g =Z2 P2；g,当P l = P2 时，Z I = Z2 （4 ）怎样排除管路系统中的空气？如何检验系统内的空气已经被排除干净？ 答：启动离心泵用大流量水循环把残留在系统内的空气带走。关闭出口阀后，打开U形管顶部的阀门，利用空气压强使U形管两支管水往下降，当两支管液柱水平，证明系统中空气已被排除干净。 （5）为什么本实验数据须在双对数坐标纸上标绘？ 答：因为对数可以把乘、除变成加、减，用对数坐标既可以把大数变成小数，又可以把小数扩大取值范围，使坐标点更为集中清晰，作出来的图一目了然。 （6）你在本实验中掌握了哪些测试流量、压强的方法？它们各有什么特点？ 答：测流量用转子流量计、测压强用U形管压差计，差压变送器。转子流量计，随流量的大小，转子可以上、下浮动。U形管压差计结构简单，使用方便、经济。差压变送器，将压差转换 成直流电流，直流电流由毫安表读得，再由已知的压差~电流回归式算出相应的压差，可测 大流量下的压强差。 （7 ）读转子流量计时应注意什么？为什么？ 答：读时，眼睛平视转子最大端面处的流量刻度。如果仰视或俯视，则刻度不准，流量就全有误^^。 （8）两个转子能同时开启吗？为什么？ 答：不能同时开启。因为大流量会把U形管压差计中的指示液冲走。 （9 ）开启阀门要逆时针旋转、关闭阀门要顺时针旋转，为什么工厂操作会形成这种习惯？答：顺时针旋转方便顺手，工厂遇到紧急情况时，要在最短的时间，迅速关闭阀门，久而久之就形成习惯。当然阀门制造商也满足客户的要求，阀门制做成顺关逆开。 （10）使用直流数字电压表时应注意些什么？ 答：使用前先通电预热15分钟，另外，调好零点（旧设备），新设备，不需要调零点。如果有波动，取平均值。 （11）假设将本实验中的工作介质水换为理想流体，各测压点的压强有何变化？为什么？答：压强相等，理想流体u=0,磨擦阻力F=0,没有能量消耗，当然不存在压强差。 Z j +P/? +uj/2g =Z2 +u；/2g , T d1=d2 二U1=U2 又T Z1=Z2 （水平管）P1 = P2 （12）离心泵送液能力，为什么可以通过出口阀调节改变？往复泵的送液能力是否也可采用同样的调节方法？为什么？ 答：离心泵送液能力可以通过调节出口阀开度来改变管路特性曲线，从而使工作点改变。往复泵是正往移泵 流量与扬程无关。若把出口堵死，泵内压强会急剧升高，造成泵体，管路和电机的损 坏。 （13）本实验用水为工作介质做出的入一Re曲线，对其它流体能否使用？为什么？
《信息分析方法》复习题 一、单项选择： 1．信息分析有许多相关概念，但以下概念中与信息分析无关的是 【 A 】 A．信息组织 B．技术跟踪 C．数据分析 D．情报研究 2．信息分析的目的是 【 D 】 A．为信息咨询服务 B．为科学研究服务 C．为信息管理服务 D．为科学决策服务 3．信息分析工作中研究方法的科学性主要表现在【 D 】A．采用科学的研究方法
B．数据的客观性和准确性 C．研究的相对独立性 D．以上全是 4．信息分析的基本功能是整理、评价、预测和【 A 】 A．反馈 B．综合 C．评价 D．推理 5．信息分析中进行多因素之间关系的定量研究，主要依赖以下哪种方法【 D 】 A．系统分析 B．社会学 C．预测学 D．统计学 6．文献收集中的检索方法有多种。从时间上看，如果是从与课题相关起止年代由
远而近地开始查找，这种检索方法则是【 B 】 A．追溯法 B．顺查法 C．倒查法 D．常规法 7．对照两个或两个以上研究对象，以确 定其 间差 异点 和共 同点 的一 种逻 辑思 维方 法称 为 【
C 】A．因素法 B．差量法 C．比较法 D．相关法 8．一切推理可以分为哪两大类【 D 】 A．常规推理、直言推理 B．简单判断的推理、复合判断的推理C．假言推理、选言推理 D．演绎推理、归纳推理 9．考察某类事物中的部分对象具有某种 属性 而推 出该 类事 物都 具有 此属
性的 推理 形式 是 【 B 】A．常规推理 B．简单枚举推理 C．假言推理 D．选言推理 10．特尔菲法中专家意见的协调程度可以用以下哪一个来表示 【 D 】 A．评分的算术平均值 B．对象的满分频度 C．对象的评价等级和 D．协调系数和变异系数
练习 1.工具书可分为哪几种类型？ 2.简述字典、词典的定义、特点和组织结构． 3.现代的字典、词典可分为哪几类？试举例说明。 4.简述百科全书的主要特点和编排方式。 5.百科全书可分为哪几类？试举例说明各自不同的特点。 6.简述书目的类型和功用。 7.简述索引的类型和功用。 8.简述年鉴的特点、类型和功用。 9.表谱可分为哪几类？试举例说明。 10.图录可分为哪儿类？试举例说明。 11.信息采集具有哪些作用？编辑需要采集哪些方面的信息？ 12.信息采集的方法有哪几种？ 13.信息处理的方法有哪些？ 14.什么是选题？什么是选题策划？ 15.选题策划的作用是什么？有哪些要求？包括哪些基本内容？ 16.期刊选题策划有别于图书选题策划的特殊之处是什么’ 17.组稿有哪几种方式？包括哪些基本步骤？ 18.出版单位的稿件有哪几种来源？ 19.审稿的主要作用是什么？ 20.我国实行什么审稿制度？这项制度的基本要求是什么？ 21.对稿件的内容质量有哪些基本要求？对稿件的形式质量应该从哪些方面进行评价？ 22.对审稿人员的具体要求有哪些？ 23.期刊的审稿有哪些特殊要求？ 24.审稿的最基本方法有哪些？审读稿件如何进行？ 25.对稿件质量评价采用什么方法？ 26.审稿结论有哪几种？相应的审稿意见应如何体现？ 27.编辑加工整理有哪些作用？应该遵循哪些原则？ 28.编辑加工整理包括哪些步骤？采用什么方法？ 29.图书正文的编辑加工整理包括哪儿方面内容？各有什么要求？ 30.图书辅文的编辑加工整理包括哪儿方面内容？各有什么要求？ 31.图书稿件的技术加工整理包括哪儿方面内容？各有什么要求？ 32.期刊的编辑加工整理有哪些特殊要求？ 33.稿件应该达到什么样的基本要求才可以发稿？ 34.发稿时需要对稿件从哪些方面迸行整理？它们各有哪些要求？应该怎样实施？ 35.审定发稿包括哪些基本步骤？
什么是机器视觉技术？试论述其基本概念和目的。答：机器视觉技术是是一门涉及人工智能、神经生物学、心理物理学、计算机科学、图像处理、模式识别等诸多领域的交叉学科。机器视觉主要用计算机来模拟人的视觉功能，从客观事物的图像中提取信息，进行处理并加以理解，最终用于实际检测、测量和控制。机器视觉技术最大的特点是速度快、信息量大、功能多。机器视觉是用机器代替人眼来完成观测和判断，常用于大批量生产过程汇总的产品质量检测，不适合人的危险环境和人眼视觉难以满足的场合。机器视觉可以大大提高检测精度和速度，从而提高生产效率，并且可以避免人眼视觉检测所带来的偏差和误差。机器视觉系统一般由哪几部分组成？试详细论述之。答：机器视觉系统主要包括三大部分：图像获取、图像处理和识别、输出显示或控制。图像获取：是将被检测物体的可视化图像和内在特征转换成能被计算机处理的一系列数据。 该部分主要包括，照明系统、图像聚焦光学系统、图像敏感元件（主要是CCD和CMOS采 集物体影像。 图像处理和识别：视觉信息的处理主要包括滤波去噪、图像增强、平滑、边缘锐化、分割、图像识别与理解等内容。经过图像处理后，图像的质量得到提高，既改善了图像的视觉效果又便于计算机对图像进行分析、处理和识别。 输出显示或控制：主要是将分析结果输出到显示器或控制机构等输出设备。试论述机器视觉技术的现状和发展前景。 答：。机器视觉技术的现状：机器视觉是近20?30年出现的新技术，由于其固有的柔性好、 非接触、快速等特点，在各个领域得到很广泛的应用，如航空航天、工业、军事、民用等等领域。 发展前景：随着光学传感器、信息技术、信号处理、人工智能、模式识别研究的不断深入和计算机性价比的不断提高，机器视觉技术越来越成熟，特别是市面上已经有针对机器视觉系统开发的企业提供配套的软硬件服务，相信越来越多的客户会选择机器视觉系统代替人力进行工作，既便于管理又节省了成本。价格持续下降、功能逐渐增多、成品小型化、集成产品增多。 机器视觉技术在很多领域已得到广泛的应用。请给出机器视觉技术应用的三个实例并叙述之。答：一、在激光焊接中的应用。通过机器视觉系统，实时跟踪焊缝位置，实现实时控制，防止偏离焊缝，造成产品报废。 二、在火车轮对检测中的应用，通过机器视觉系统抓拍轮对图像，找出轮对中有缺陷的轮对，提高检测精度和速度，提高效率。 三、大批量生产过程中的质量检查，通过机器视觉系统，对生产过程中的产品进行质量检查 跟踪，提高生产效率和准确度。 什么是傅里叶变换，分别绘出一维和二维的连续及离散傅里叶变换的数学表达式。论述图像傅立叶变换的基本概念、作用和目的。 答：傅里叶变换是将时域信号分解为不同频率的正弦信号或余弦函数叠加之和。一维连续函数的傅里叶变换为：一维离散傅里叶变换为：二维连续函数的傅里叶变换为：二维离散傅里叶变换为： 图像傅立叶变换的基本概念：傅立叶变换是数字图像处理技术的基础，其通过在时空域和频率域来回切换图像，对图像的信息特征进行提取和分析，简化了计算工作量，被喻为描述图像信息的第二种语言，广泛应用于图像变换，图像编码与压缩，图像分割，图像重建等。作用和目的：图像的频率是表征图像中灰度变化剧烈程度的指标，是灰度在平面空间上的梯度。傅立叶变换的物理意义是将图像的灰度分布函数变换为图像的频率分布函数，傅立叶逆变换是将图像的频率分布函数变换为灰度分布函数。图像灰度变换主要有哪几种形式？各自的特点和作用是什么？ 答：灰度变换:基于点操作，将每一个像素的灰度值按照一定的数学变换公式转换为一个新的灰度值。灰度变换是图像增强的一种重要手段，它可以使图像动态范围加大，使图像的对比度扩展，
化工基础实验思考题答案 实验一流体流动过程中的能量变化 1、实验为什么要使高位水槽的水保持溢流？ 答：保持溢流可使流体稳定流动，便于读数，同时伯努利方程只在流体稳定流动时才适用。 2、操作本实验装置应主意什么？ 答：1）开启电源之前，向泵中灌水 2）高位水槽水箱的水要保持溢流 3）赶尽玻璃管中气泡 4）读数时多取几组值，取平均值 实验二流体流动形态的观察与测定 1、在实验中测定的雷诺数与流动形态的关系如何？如果出现理论与实际的偏差，请分析理由 答：1）层流时，理论与实际符合 2）过渡流测量值与理论值稍有偏差 偏差分析：（1）孔板流量计的影响 （2）未能连续保持溢流 （3）示踪管未在管中心 （4）示踪剂流速与水的流速不一致 2、本实验中的主意事项有那些？ 答:(1)保持溢流 （2）玻璃管不宜过长 （3）示踪管在中心
实验三节流式流量计性能测定实验 1、你的实验结果可以得到什么结论？ 答：流速较大或较小时，流量系数C并不稳定，所以性能并不很好 2、实验中为什么适用倒置U型管？ 答：倒置的U形管作压差计，采用空气作指示液，无需重新装入指示液，使用方便 实验四连续流动反应器实验流程图 1、测定停留时间分布函数的方法有哪几种？本实验采用的是哪种方法？ 答：脉冲法、阶跃法、周期示踪法和随机输入示踪法。本实验采用脉冲示踪法。 2、模型参数与实验中反应釜的个数有何不同，为什么？ 答：模型参数N的数值可检验理想流动反应器和度量非理想流动反应器的返混程度。当实验测得模型参数N值与实际反应器的釜数相近时，则该反应器达到了理想的全混流模型。若实际反应器的流动状况偏离了理想流动模型，则可用多级全混流模型来模拟其返混情况，用其模型参数N值来定量表征返混程度。 3、实验中可测得反应器出口示踪剂浓度和时间的关系曲线图，此曲线下的面积有何意义？ 答：一定时间内示踪剂的总浓度。 4、在多釜串联实验中，为什么要在流体流量和转速稳定一段时间后才能开始实验？ 答：为使三个反应釜均能达到平衡。 实验五换热器传热系数的测定 1、实验误差主要来源那几个方面？ 答：1）读数不稳定
信息分析与决策复习 题
信息分析与决策 1、科学的决策过程作为人的一种创造性思维活动，是从调查研究开始，经过分析判断，达到对事物客观规律的正确认识。 2、科学决策必定要有的四个环节是：（1）围绕即定目标拟定各种实施方案；（2）决策总是在苦于个有价值的实施方案中进行比较和选优。（3）决策总是为了达到一个既定的目标（4）决策必须要有应变方案，还要考虑目标之后的经济效果和社会效果。 3、决策科学涉及的问题主要包括：研究人的逻辑思维过程的创造性思维活动，研究决策系统的程序性和非程序性的决策过程，研究决策正确的原因和失误原因以及内在关系，实现决策系统科学化的，研究决策的产生、实施、反馈、追综、控制等问题。 4、决策类型 （1）按范围分，有微观决策、中观决策、宏观决策。（2）按决策主体分类，有集体决策和个体决策。（3）按思维过程可划分为程序化决策与非程序化决策。 （4）按决策问题所处的条件不同，可分为确定型决策、风险型决策和不定型决策。 5、完整的科研决策体系是由科研目标决策、科研条件决策和科研管理体制与制度决策构成的。其中目标决策是整个科研决策体系的核心部分，科研条件和管理体制与制度的决策都是围绕目标决策，并为之提供了物质上、技术上、管理上和组织上的保障的。
6、技术推广决策就是有效地创造条件加速技术向生产力的转化，使科学技术的实际效果在生产建设中得到检验。在作出推广决策时，必须考虑好以下几个方面的问题：（1）适用有效（2）成熟可靠（3）配套衔接（4）稳定连续。 7、市场开拓策略主要包括以下几个方面的内容：（1）市场划分策略（2）市场定位策略（3）市场定时策略（4）市场进入策略（5）市场组合策略。市场组合策略，亦称市场效益策略。即根据产品的质量、价格、税利和效益等进行组合或综合考察，不仅要考虑企业微观效益，更要考虑国家宏观效益；不仅考虑目前效益，更要考虑长远利益；不仅要考虑经济效益，更要考虑社会效益。 8、从节约社会劳动消耗、提高社会经济效益的要求出发，进行地区生产布局决策，应该遵循如下的基本原则： （1）生产尽可能接近原料、燃料产地和消费地区；（2）专业分工与综合发展相结合；（3）要适当分散，互相配合，合理集中；（4）把工业布局与农业布局结合起来进行；（5）处理好经济建设与社会发展的关系。 9、决策的重要性主要表现泰勒斯以下几方面。 （1）决策是各级领导的主要任务 （2）决策是管理工作的核心 （3）决策是进行现代化建设的依据 （4）决策是改革成功的保证 10决策程序中的价值则准环节主要包括那几个方面的内容 （1）把目标分解为若干层次的确定价值指标。这些指标实现的程度就是衡量达到决策目标的程度。 （2）规定价值指标的主次、缓急以及在相互发生矛盾时的取舍原则
《编辑校对实务》课程标准 适应专业：文学院编辑出版学专业 所属教研室：编辑出版系 课程编号：01454113 课程名称：编辑校对实务 课程类型：专业核心课（必修） 学时学分：32学时（2学分） 一、课程概述 （一）课程性质。 本课程是为文学院编辑出版学专业（本科）学生开设的专业方向课(必修)，它是一门渗透着许多学科理论与知识的边缘学科，是研究编辑校对活动及其规律、探索编辑校对方法的应用学科。本课程开课之前，学生应初步掌握了出版专业的基础知识，并具有一定的专业技能。 （二）基本理念。 在讲授编辑校对基本理论的过程中，要突出理论联系实际的基本原则。注重培养、提高学生分析问题、解决问题的实际能力。 （三）设计思路。 1.教学改革基本理念 本课程教学设计追求提高大学生知识、能力和素质的价值目标，把知识与技能，过程与方法，情感、态度与价值观紧密结合起来，构建本课程的基本框架。 2.总体设计原则 本课程教学设计围绕着提高大学生知识、能力和素质的价值目标，总体原则有三：其一是教学“轻结论，重过程”。传统教学重视结果忽视过程，把形成结论的生动过程理解为呆板单调的知识背诵和记忆，排斥了学生的思考和个性。其二是强调认知与情意的统一。传统教学方式强调系统性和逻辑性，常常忽视教学中的情感因素，使学习变得索然无味。为了学生个人的能力、智慧获得更好的发展，我们强调过程，强调学生的“经历”和“体验”。其三是赋予情感、态度、价值观三个要素新的内涵。帮助学生树立对真、善、美的追求，以及人与自然和谐和可持续发展的理念。 3.课程设置依据 专业依据。全国各高校本科院校编辑教育专业均开设了本课程。 培养对象依据。本课程能够使当代大学生对编辑校对业务有一个整体上的认识，掌握编辑校对各个工作环节的基本技能，并获得编辑校对人员所必须的基本能力。
武汉大学2009 —2010 学年度第 一 学期 《数学物理方法》试卷（A ） 学院 专业 班 学号 姓名 分数 一．求解下列各题（10分×4=40分） 1．一条弦绳被张紧于点（0，0）与（1，0）两端之间，固定其两端，把它拉成x A πsin 的形状之后，由静止状态被释放而作自由振动。写出此物理问题的定解问题，并写出本征值和本征函数。 2．写出一维无界波动问题的达朗贝尔公式，利用达朗贝尔公式求解一维无界波动问题 ???????==>+∞<<-∞=-==x u x u t x u u t t t xx tt sin cos )0,(0200 并画出t =2时的波形。 3．定解问题???????==+==><<=-====2 ,sin 1,)0,0(000202t t t l x x xx tt u x u t u t u t l x u a u ，若要使边界条件齐次化，求其辅助函数，并写出边界条件齐次化后相应的定解问题。 4．计算积分?-=1 12)(dx x P x I l 二．（本题15分）用分离变量法求定解问题 ???? ?????===><<=-===x l u u u t l x Du u t l x x x x xx t π2cos 0 )0,0(000 三．（本题15分）有一内半径为a ，外半径为2a 的均匀球壳，其内、外表面的温度分 布分别保持为零和θcos ，试求此均匀球壳的稳定温度分布。
四．（本题15分）计算和证明下列各题： (1) （10分） dx x J x I ?=)(03 （将计算结果中的贝塞尔函数化为零阶和一阶的，因为工程上有零阶、一阶贝塞尔函数表可查。） (2) （5分）利用递推关系证明： )(1)()('0''02x J x x J x J -= 五.（本题15分）设有一长为l 的圆柱，其半径为R 。若圆柱的侧面及下底面（0=z ）接地，而上底面（l z =）保持电势分布为f (ρ)。1）写出该圆柱的电势分布的定解问题；2）本征值和本征值函数；3）定解问题的通解。 参考公式 .
物理科学与技术学院物理学基地班 本科人才培养方案 一、专业代码、专业名称 专业代码：070201、080402 专业名称：物理学基地班 Physics 材料科学与技术试验班材料物理Materials Physics 二、专业培养目标 坚持以学生为本的“创造、创新、创业”（“三创”）教育理念，贯彻“加强基础、分类培养、通专融合、个性发展”的方针，充分发挥学校人文底蕴深厚、学科门类齐全，多学科交叉培养人才的办学优势，培养适应经济和社会发展需要的“厚基础、宽口径、高素质、强能力”，具有“三创”精神和能力的复合型人才、拔尖创新人才和行业领军人才。 培养学生掌握物理学的基本理论与方法，具有系统的较宽的物理学、化学和材料科学的理论基础、理论知识和熟练的实验技能，获得基础研究或应用研究的初步训练，能运用物理知识和方法进行科学研究和技术开发，具有较强的知识创新能力和较广泛的科学适应能力，能在物理学或材料等相关的科学技术领域中从事科研、教学、技术开发和相关的管理工作的高级专门人才。 三、专业特色和培养要求 本专业除要求学生具有扎实、宽厚的物理学、数学基础理论知识和必需的化学基础理论知识外，还要求对物理学的新发展、近代物理学在高新技术和生产中的应用，以及与物理学密切相关的交叉学科和新技术的发展有所了解。本基地班实行导师全程指导制。 毕业生应获得以下几方面的知识和能力： (1）系统地掌握物理学的基本理论、基本知识、基本实验方法和技能，具有基础扎实、适应性强的特点和自学新知识、新技术的能力；具有运用物理学的理论和方法进 行科学研究、应用研究、教学和相应管理工作的能力。 (2)掌握系统的数学、计算机等方面的基本原理、基本知识。 (3)较熟练地掌握一门外国语，能够阅读本专业的外文书刊。 (4)了解相近专业以及应用领域的一般原理和知识。 (5)了解物理学的理论前沿、应用前景和最新发展动态以及相关高新技术的发展状况。 (6)掌握资料查询、文献检索及运用现代信息技术获得最新参考文献的基本方法；具有