南开大学2010年博士研究生入学考试试题
I Part I Listening Comprehension (15%)
（略）
Part II. Vocabulary (15 questions, 15 points, 1 point each)
Directions: Choose the one word or phrase which you think closest in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence in its context and mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
21 With technological developments, some labor-intensive industries have ____ high-tech industries.
A. given up
B. stepped aside
C. stood along
D. yielded to
22 Economic activity has been organized on the ____ of cheap and abundant oil from the beginning of the 20th century.
A.gist
B. notion
C. rationale D premise
23. Owing to a/an____ lack of lower-income housing, the municipal government is embarrassed by the impressing housing issue.
A. acute
B. stressful
C. demanding
D. urgent
24 The idea that machines could be made to fly seemed_____two hundred years ago.
A. original
B. eccentric
C. terrific
D. splendid
25 The policy ________ it necessary for the town's safety to arrest most speeders.
A. narrated
B. elaborated
C. deemed
D. commended
26 If you do something on______, you do it because you suddenly want to，although you haven't planned to.
A. impulse
B. pulse
C. impromptu
D. Imminence
27 We had no computer back-up and had to rely on old paper files to_____the records we lost.
A. remedy
B. recondition
C. reconstruct
D. register
28 A ____is an occasion at which people who have great knowledge of a particular subject meet in order to discuss a matter of interest.
A. convention
B. congress
C. symposium
D. conference
29 In some cases nowadays concerning job hunting, one had to _____1,000 competitors to get a position.
A. stand out
B. edge out
C. squeeze in
D. jostle against
30 A ____is a person who knows a great deal about a particular subject and whose advice on it may be taken by others.
A. consul
B. mentor
C. elite
D. pundit
31 Total investments for this year reached $56 million, and to put this into____，investments this year will double those made in 1997.
A. sight
B. perspective
C. vision D horizon
32 There was not________of evidence to suggest that he committed the crimes, so the case was dismissed in the court.
A. scrap
B. screw
C. scratch
D. scrape
33 The basic_____ of their philosophy is that everyone should be free to do as they please, so long as they do not harm others.
A. requisite
B. conception
C. premise
D. opinion
34 The spring of last year witnessed the ____________of the strange weather.
A. adaptation
B. shift
C. vicissitude
D. kaleidoscope
35 Countless billions of____sea creatures and plants lived and sank to the sea bed.
A. second
B. minute
C. hour
D. day
Part Three Reading Comprehension (20 questions, 40 points, 2 points each) Directions: In this section, there are five passages. Read/he passages and questions carefully and make your choices that you think would best complete the statements or best answer the questions by marking them on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage 1.
No matter what you think about testing rends, one thing is clear: as long as there is teaching and learning, there will be testing. But how much credit do those charts and numbers deserve?
When you review a school's test scores at a school board meeting, always look beyond the basic numbers. The scores for a single school in a single year have limited value for judging school performance. Equally important is “trend data”一test scores from several years that show you how a school's performance has changed over time. Additionally, comparing a school to other schools with similar demographics may give your perspective on where the school stands relative to other schools like it. You can also learn a lot from data that is broken down by ethnic group and socioeconomic level. A school is only truly successful when it achieves high performance with students across all ethnic and social groups.
On the other hand, the next time you hear somebody say.” T hat school is the best in the district because it has the highest test scores,” make a point to respond: “I’d love to know more
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about what’s happening at the school that accounts for those scores, but I can’t assume that it’s the best school just based on one piece of evidence. What you know about the school's teaching methods, the leadership of the principal, or its climate of safety?” Take time to investigate these other measures of school quality before making judgments about a school. To communicate with your child certainly is the final way. Raise your hand if you've heard some stories about students begging to stay home on test day. Is this level of anxiety appropriate? The correct answer is no! When your child’s class is preparing for its annual standardized testing marathon, let your child know that while you hope she does her best on the test, it's not a competition. Explain that the results may help her and her teacher understand the areas where she might be especially strong or where she may need to focus more.
36 The second paragraph implies that when you review a school's test scores. .
A. you should give priority to the stores for this year
B. you should take into an account the performance of the students across all ethnic and social groups
C. you needn't refer to the test scores in the past several years
D. you don ’t need to compare a school with others since you are only concerned about your children's scores
37 According to the author, when we evaluate the quality of a school, the fo llowing factors should be involved EXCEPT .
A. teaching methods
B. leadership of the principal
C. relationship with other schools
D. safely
38 In the last paragraph of this passage, the word “anxiety” in the sentence “I s this level of anxiety appropriate?” implies the child's serious concern about
.
A. strict teachers
B. competitive exam
C. unsafe conditions of the school
D. no care from the parents 39 What is the most proper title for this passage ?
A. Get Smart about School Test Scores
B. Don't Look up lo the Test Scores
C. The Scores Matter a Lot
D. Deal Better with the Child and Scores
Passage Two
There are four basic types of competition in business that form. a continuum from pure competition through monopolistic competition and oligopoly (商品供应垄断) to monopoly. At one end of the continuum, pure competition results when every company has a similar product. Companies that deal in commodities such as wheat or corn are often involved in pure competition. In pure competition, it is often the ease and efficiency of distribution that influences purchase.
In contrast, in monopolistic competition several companies may compete for the sale of items that may be substituted. The classic example of monopolistic competition is coffee and tea. If the price of one is perceived as too high, consumers may begin to purchase the other. Coupons and other discounts are often used as part of a marketing strategy to influence sales.
Oligopoly occurs when a few companies dominate the sales of a product or service. For example, only five airline carriers control more than 70 percent of all ticket sales in the United States. In oligopoly, serious competition is not considered desirable because it would result in reduced revenue for every company in the group. Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously is also usual.
Finally, monopoly occurs when only one firm sells the product. Some monopolies have been tolerated for producers of goods and services that have been considered basic or essential, including electricity and water. In these cases, it is government control, rather than competition, that protects and influences sales.
40 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Monopolies：
B. The Commodity Market
C. The Competition Continuum
D. The Best Type of Competition
41 An example of a product in monopolistic competition is .
A. corn
B. electricity
C. airline tickets
D. coffee
42 What does the author mean by the statement "Although price wars do occur, in which all companies offer substantial savings to customers, a somewhat similar tendency to raise prices simultaneously also usual"?
A. It is not unusual for all companies to increase prices at the same time.
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B. It is common for companies to compete for customers by lowering prices.
C. Customers may lose money when companies have price wars.
D. Prices are lower during price wars, but they are usually higher afterward.
43 The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to
A. a product or service
B. competition
C. revenue
D. oligopoly
Passage Three
In August 2004, Duke University provided free iPods to its entire freshman class. The next month, a Korean education firm offered free downloadable college entrance exam lectures to students who purchased an iRiver personal multimedia player. That October, a financial trading firm in Chicago was reportedly assessing the hand-eye coordination of traders’ using GameBoys. Yet while such innovative applications abound, the use of technology in education and training is far from new, a fact as true in language classrooms as it is in medical schools.
Practically since their availability, a succession of audiovisual recording devices (e.g., reel-to-reel, VCRs, PCs) has been used to capture language samples, and myriad playback and broadcast devices (e.g., phonographs, radios, televisions) have provided access to authentic speech samples. The espousal of audiolingual theory in the 1950s brought the widespread use of the language laboratory in educational settings. Influenced by behaviorism, the lab was progressively replaced in the 1960s by drill-based computer-assisted instruction, which decades later was itself surpassed by a more intelligent, interactive and multimedia computer-assisted language learning. The popular acceptance of the Internet in the 1990s advanced the development of computer-mediated communications.
As technologies continue to evolve, so does their propensity to shrink in size. "Other technologies that hold the capacity for language learning include PDAs, multimedia cellular phones, MP3 players, DVD players, and digital dictionaries". Such portable media —referred to in popular and scholarly literature as mobile, wireless, handheld or nomadic —are now social staples. Mobile learning, or m-learning, is a burgeoning subdivision of the e-learning movement, further evidenced by European initiatives such as m-learning and Mobilearn. In this paper, applied fusions of m-learning and language learning follow, after which their benefits and challenges are reviewed.
44 What is the article introduction specifically deals with?
A. language learning
B. Emerging technology
C. Mobile assisted language learning
D. Wired learning
45 The word " espousal ",in paragraph two can be best replaced by
A. advocate
B. support
C. idea
D. perception
46 Mobile learning is a burgeoning subdivision of the e-learning movement in the sense that you can study without
A. iPhone
B. laptop
C. PDA
D. desktop computer
47 Behaviorism language learning strategy does not include:,
A. pattern drills
B. learner autonomy
C. rote memorization
D. repetition
Passage Four
Most Americans believe that our society of consumption-happy, fun-loving, jet-traveling people creates the greats happiness for the greatest number. Contrary to this view, I believe that our present way of life leads to increasing anxiety, helplessness and, eventually, to the disintegration of our cultures. I refuse to identify fun with pleasure, consumption with joy, busyness with happiness, or the faceless, buck-passing "organization man" with an independent individual.
Modern industrialism has succeeded in producing this kind of man. He is the "alienated" man. He is alienated in the sense that his actions, and his own forces have become estranged form him; they stand above him and against him, and rule him rather than being ruled by him. His life forces have been transformed into things and institutions, and these things and institutions have become idols. They are something apart from him, which he worships and to which he submits. Alienated man bows down before the works of his own hands. He experiences himself not as the active bearer of his own forces and riches but as an impoverished "thing", dependent on other things outside of himself. He is the prisoner of the very econo mic and political circumstances which he has created.
Since our economic organizations is based on continuous and ever-increasing consumption (think of the threat to our economy if people did not buy a new car until their old one was really obsolete), contemporary industrial man is encouraged to be consumption-crazy, Without any real enjoyment, he "takes in" drink, food, cigarettes, sights, lectures, books, movies, television, any new kind of gadget. The world has become one great maternal breast, and man has become the eternal suckling, forever expectant, forever disappointed.
In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucracy in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher
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wages, fringe benefits, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and "human relations" experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he does not wholeheartedly participate in his work and that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue- and white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.
48 Modem industrialized society needs men who are
. A. individualistic in their tastes
B. capable of commanding the social machine
C. obedient and submissive
D. free and independent
49 An alienated man is one who is . A. in control of economic and political circumstances B. ruled by the things he creates
C. worshipped as an idol
D. more interested in women than in sports cars
50 Which of the following is Not a characteristic of modem industrial society?
A. Ever increasing consumption
B. Bureaucracy
C. Ever-increasing power of man
D. Automated machines
51 The word "prisoner"，in the last sentence of paragraph 2 closely mean's
A. the person who is detained by police
B. the person who is being put behind bar
C. the person who is confined to his circumstances
D. the person who is being kept away from the normal life
Passage Five
There is a confusion about two distinct questions: (a) will computers made books obsolete? and (b) will computers make written and printed material obsolete?
Let us suppose that computers will make books disappear (I do not think this will happen and I shall elaborate later on this point, but let us suppose so for the sake of the argument). Still, this would not entail the disappearance of printed material. We have seen that it was wishful thinking to hope that computers, and particularly word processors, would have helped to save trees. Computers encourage the production of printed material. We can imagine a culture in which there will be no books, and yet where people go around with tons and tons of unbound sheets of paper. This will be quite unwieldy, and will pose a new problem for libraries.
Debray has observed that the fact that Hebrew civilization was a civilization based upon a book is not independent of the fact that it was a nomadic civilization. I think that this remark is very important. Egyptians could carve their records on stone obelisks, Moses could not. If you want to cross the Red Sea, a book is a more practical instrument for recording wisdom. By the way, another nomadic civilization, the Arabic one, was based upon a book, and privileged writing upon images.
But books also have an advantage with respect to computers. Even if printed on acid paper, which lasts only seventy years or so, they are more durable than magnetic supports. Moreover, they do not suffer power shortages and blackouts, and are more resistant to shocks. As Bolter remarked, "it is unwise to try to predict technological change more than few years in advance," but it is certain that, up to now at least, books still represent the most economical, flexible, wash-and-wear way to transport information at a very low cost.
Electronic communication travels ahead of you, books travel with you and at your speed, but if you are shipwrecked on a desert island, a book can be useful, while a computer cannot -- as Landow remarks, electronic texts need a reading station and a decoding device. Books are still the best companions for a shipwreck, or for the Day After.
I am pretty sure that new technologies will render obsolete many kinds of books, like encyclopedias and manuals. Take for example the Encyclomedia project developed by Horizons Unlimited. When finished it will probably contain more information than the Encyclopedia Britannica (or Treccani or Larousse), with the advantage that it permits cross-references and nonlinear retrieval of information. The whole of the compact disks, plus the computer, will occupy one-fifth of the space occupied by an encyclopedia. The encyclopedia cannot be transported as the CD-ROM can, and cannot be easily updated; it does not have the practical advantages of a normal book, therefore it can be replaced by a CD-ROM, just a phone book can. The shelves today occupied, at my home as well as in public libraries, by meters and meters of encyclopedia volumes could be eliminated in the next age, and there will be no reason to lament their disappearance. For the same reason today I no longer need a heavy portrait painted by an indifferent artist, for I can send my sweetheart a glossy and faithful photograph. Such a change in the social functions of painting has not made painting obsolete, not even the realistic paintings of Annigoni, which do not fulfill the function of portraying a person, but of celebrating an important person, so that the commissioning, the purchasing, and the exhibition of such portraits acquire aristocratic connotations.
Books will remain indispensable not only for literature, but for any circumstance in which one needs to read carefully, not only to receive information but also to speculate and to reflect about it.
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To read a computer screen is not the same as to read a book. Think of the process of learning how to use a piece of software. Usually the system is able to display on the screen all the instructions you need. But the users who want to learn the program generally either print the instructions and read them as if they were in book form, or they buy a printed manual (let me skip over the fact that currently all the manuals that come with a computer, on-line or off-line, are obviously written by irresponsible and tautological idiots, while commercial handbooks are written by intelligent people). It is possible to conceive of a visual program that explains very well how to print and bind a book, but in order to get instructions on how to write such a computer program, we need a printed manual.
After having spent no more than twelve hours at a computer console, my eyes are like two tennis balls, and I feel the need to sit comfortably down in an armchair and read a newspaper, or maybe a good poem. It seems to me that computers are/diffusing a new form of literacy but are incapable of satisfying all the intellectual needs they are stimulating. In my periods of optimism I dream of a computer generation which, compelled to read a computer screen, gets acquainted with reading from a screen, but at a certain moment feels unsatisfied and looks for a different, more relaxed, and differently-committing form of reading.
52 “Hebrew civilization was a civili zat ion based upon a book” indicates that printed books will be
A. preserved permanently
B. perused widely
C. repaired when damaged
D. transcribed as heritage.
53 The advantages of the printed books include all of the following except
A. being less durable than magnetic supports.
B. not suffering power shortages and blackouts
C. being more resistant to shocks
D. transporting information at a very low cost.
54 The example of Encyclomedia project developed by Horizons Unlimited shows that
A. CD-Rom can store more information
B. The space is left on shelves
C. the e-encyclopedia is more superior
D. The disappearance of normal print is a grief.
55 By comparison ，The author likes to do reading
A. online
B. off line
C. at leisure
D. during the adventure
Part Four Close (15 questions, 15 points, 1 point each)
Directions: Read the article below andftli in each of (he blanks with one suitable word or phrase by marking your choices on the ANSWER SHEET.
For example, 66 sixteen hours an electronic brain solved a difficult design problem. First, it was _67_ all the information necessary for designing a chemical plant. After running through 16. 000 possible designs, it 68 the plan for the plant that would produce the most chemical at the lowest cost. Then it issued a printed set of exact 69 . Before it solved this problem, a team of engineers having the same information had worked for a year to produce only three designs.
70 of which was as efficient as the computer’s.
56 A. using B. in use C. being used D. used
57 A. at B. with C. in D. of
58 A. use B. spend C take D. demand
59 A. can any person B. any person can C. any person D. any person do
60 A. carefully worked out B. worked out carefully
C. carefully works out D works out carefully
61 A. Many B. all kinds of C. a great number of D. a wide range of
62 A. take B. keep C. bring D. get
63 A. that B. how C. any D. what
64 A. pour them out B. drive them out C. stamp them out D. get rid of them
65 A. Except B. Except for C. Besides D. In spite of
66 A. for B. within C. on D. beyond
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67 A. input B. fed C. sent D. planted
68 A. picked out B. formed C. had D. worked
69 A. numbers B. figures C. details D. specifications 70 A. none B. one C. any D. all
Part Five Writing (I question. 15 points)
Direction ： Write an essay (200-300 words, according to the topic given
Some people say that social change occurs more quickly in heterogeneous societies (where there is a mixture of different kinds of people) than in homogeneous ones (where people are similar in many ways).
Write an essay comparing the two kinds of societies and explain in which you think social changes is most likely to occur.
一、单选题（共15小题，每题2分，共计30分）从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，请答案填写在“客观题答题纸”上，否则成绩无效。 1. They failed to pass the exam last time, I regretted ________. A. being unable to help B. to be not able to help C. being not able to help D. not be able to help 2. She was busy last weekend. Otherwise, she _______ to the party. A. would have gone B. would go C. had gone D. would be gone 3. The book, ________ cover is broken, is not mine. A. who B. whose C. that D. which 4. I would have told him the answer if it ________ possible. A. had been B. were C. was D. have been 5. If the bridge is built, the local people will greatly benefit ________ it. A. against B. for C. from D. in 6. He entered the classroom cheerfully, ________ a book in his hand. A. to carry B. carrying C. carry D. carried 7. Some scientists say it is essential that mankind ________ the amount of air pollution in big cities A. reduce B. be reduced C. reduced D. will reduce 8. Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital, _____ they have no schedules to keep. A. even though B. for C. as if D. since 9. I have trouble________ their meaning. A. understanding B. to understand C. understood D. be understood 10. She should spend _____ one hour practicing spoken English every day if she hopes to pass the College Spoken English Test in November. A. at last B. at best C. at most D. at least 11. Many college students like to chat on the Internet. They think talking with friends on the Internet is _____ casual and exciting ______ face to face. A. not only----but also B. less------than C. more-----than D. neither------nor 12. Although Tom has many personal problems, he _______ present every day since the first day of class. A. has been B. had been C. is D. was 13. You shouldn’t have called me while I was giving my class. You ______ me after my 2014年2月期末《大学英语（二）》共6大页-第1页
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷 2014-2015年度秋季学期期末(2015.3) 大学英语（二） 一、单选题（共15小题，每题2分，共计30分）从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，请答案填写在“客观题答题纸”上，否则成绩无效。 1. This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen __D__ comfortably. A. is worn B. wears C. wearing D. are worn 2. The lawyer advised him to drop the __C___, since he stands little chance to win. A. event B. incident C. case D. affair 3. He always shows haughty ___C___ toward his colleagues. A. behavior B. action C. conduct D. benefit 4. ___A___ at the station when it got dark, the passengers found there were no buses ________ home. A. Arriving, to take B. Arriving, to ride C. Having arrived, riding on D. Having been arrived, to go on 5. The boy spent as much time watching TV as he ___D__ studying. A. does B. had C. was D. did 6. The goals __B__ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him. A. after which B. for which C. with which D. at which 7. It ___C___ that the boss was angry again. A. appeared B. looked C. seems D. appears 8. When does the new law come into ___A___? A. action B. act C. activity D. operation 9. Young as he was, he showed his capability of __A___ various problems. A. dealing with B. dealing up C. dealing in D. dealing out 10. We ___C___ our journey after a short rest. A. presumed B. consumed C. resumed D. assumed 11. ___D____ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist. A. That was from Stephen B. It was Stephen whom C. While comparing D. It was Stephen that 12. They tried to ___D__ the old man whose son died in an aircraft. A. thrill B. tease C. console D. encourage 13. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and __B__ in a quiet neighborhood. A. all in all B. above all C. after all D. over all
西安交通大学考博英语试题及其解析 I.In each question,decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET,(15points) EXAMPLE: I was caught_the rain yesterday. A.in B.by C.with D.at ANSWER:(A) l.Those two families have been quarrelling__each other for many years. A.to B.between C.against D.with 2.There are many things whose misuse is dangerous,bur it is hard to think of anything that can be compared___ A.in B.with C.among D.by 3."How often have you seen cases like this?"one surgeon asked another."Oh,__times,I guess,"was the reply. A.hundred of B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.hundred 4.Give me your telephone number__I need your help. A.whether B.unless C.so that D.in case 5.You sang well last night.We hope you'll sing__. A.more better B.still better C.nicely D.best 6.Those people__a general understanding of the present situation. https://www.doczj.com/doc/c913825396.html,ck of B.are lacking of https://www.doczj.com/doc/c913825396.html,ck D.are in lack 7.Alone in a desert house,he was so busy with his research work
南开大学现代远程教育学院考试卷 大学英语（一） PartⅠ答题纸：请将1－20题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。 PartⅡ答题纸：请将21－45题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
PartⅢ答题纸：请将46－50题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。 PartⅣ答题纸：请将（1）-（6）题答案填写在如下表格中，否则成绩无效。
Model Test One Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure Directions: This part is to test your ability to use words and phrases correctly to construct meaningful and grammatically correct sentences. It consists of 2 sections. Section A Directions: There are 10 incomplete statements here. You are required to complete each statement by choosing the appropriate answer from the 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. (本题共10个小题，每题1分，共10分) 1. We will have to pay them a large ________ of money for their service． A. size B. set C. amount D. series 2. I'd appreciate it if you could tell me how_______the machine. A. operate B. to operate C. operating D. operated 3. I'm sorry to tell you that the materials you wanted are_______． A. taken off B. put up C. sold out D. got off 4. It is obvious that these small businesses are _______need of technical support． A. in B. on C. with D. to 5. _______I am concerned，it is important to get a job first． A. As long as B. As well as C. As soon as D. As far as 6. Some companies might not let you rent a car _______ you have a credit card．
08重庆大学博士英语考试试题 2008年重庆大学博士入学考试英语试卷 (Time Limit: 180 minutes) Part I: Reading Comprehension 40 % Directions: Read the following passages carefully and then select the best answer from the four choices given to answer the questions or to complete the statements that follow each passage. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Problems and discouragements will face the leader, but he can overcome them with staying power. It seems as if many of the world’s famous people faced some of the greatest difficulties and discouragements in carrying out their visions. Christopher Columbus, for instance, concluded from the information he acquired from his travels and from studying charts and maps, that the earth was round and that he could reach Asia by sailing west. But he needed a patron to finance such an expedition. He first tried John II., King of Portugal, without success, and then, the Count of Medina Celi in Spain. The Count encouraged Columbus for two years, but never actually provided him with the money and supplies he needed. Ferdinand and Isabella, King and Queen of Castile in Spain, were then contacted. A review of Columbus’ plans by a committee appointed by the queen
南开大学会计学专业博士生入学考试科目和参考书目 考试科目一：英语（包括：基础外语、听力，不包括专业外语）。 考试科目二：会计理论与方法（含财务会计学、审计学），其中财务会计部分大致占70%，审计部分大致占30%。 参考书目 1．威廉姆.R.司可脱著，陈汉文等译《财务会计理论》，机械工业出版社，2000年11月。 2．夏恩.桑德著，方红星、王鹏、李红霞译《会计与控制理论》，东北财经大学出版社，2000年12月。ISBN：711107896 3．王光远，《审计学》，（会计大典系列，第十卷；总主编，葛家澍等），中国财政经济出版社，第1－6章。 考试科目三：会计综合基础（含财务管理、微观经济学、计量经济学），其中财务管理大致占60-70%，微观经济学与计量经济学占30-40%。 参考书目： 1．詹姆斯．范．霍恩著，刘志远主译《财务管理与政策》，东北财经大学出版社，2006年。 2．计量经济学指定参考书及要求 ●指定参考书：张晓峒主编，《计量经济学基础》（第3版），南开大学出版社， 2007年9月。（该书为“普通高等教育”十一五“国家级规划教材”） ●内容要求： 第1章绪论 第2章一元线性回归模型 第3章多元线性回归模型 第4章非线性回归模型的线性化 第5章异方差 第6章自相关
第7章多重共线性 第8章模型中的特殊解释变量 本章只要求： §8.3 虚拟变量 第11章模型的诊断与检验 本章只要求： §11.1 模型总显著性的F检验 §11.2 模型单个回归参数显著性的t检验 3．微观经济学参考书目待定。 除以上参考书目外，考生还需要阅读了解《会计研究》、《中国会计评论》（北京大学出版社）、《审计研究》等专业期刊近两年来有关财务、会计和审计等方面的研究成果，特别是实证研究的有关成果。
[南开大学]20秋学期《大学英语（一）》在线作业 提示：请认真学习本资料，并完成课程复习！！100 一、单选题 (共 50 道试题,共 100 分) 1.She ( )work next Monday. A.is starting B.starts C.started [本题参考选择是]：A 2.The quality inspector ____ finished products carefully to make sure each was in good condition. A.looked over B.found out C.held up D.stuck to [本题参考选择是]：A 3.I go swimming on ( ) Thursdays for two hours. A./ B.a C.an [本题参考选择是]：A 4.( ) people are my friends. ( ) people are my husband's friends. A.These, Those B.This, That C.Here, There [本题参考选择是]：A 5.Do you have( ) friends in Shanghai? A.many B.any C.not [本题参考选择是]：B 6.A:( ), Polly? B:I'd like a glass of wine, thank you. A.Do you want B.What would you like C.What you like [本题参考选择是]：B 7.I'm a nurse. I work ( )David ( )the same hospital.
北京邮电大学2012-2013 学年秋季学期 2012级《博士英语写作》期末考试试卷 Name in Chinese ___________________ Name in pinyin: ___________________ Student no __________________ Class no :_______ School / Institute ___________________ 1 / 9
PART A : Controlled Writing i)ARTICLES: Fill in the gaps with an article as appropriate: the / a / an OR 0 (no article) 15points (10 points) 2 / 9
ii)REGISTER: Re-write these sentences in a more formal register (e.g. using PASSIVE form, formal register vocabulary items, etc.) (10 points) 1.Obesity is getting a lot of attention nowadays in modern society. 2. 3. 4.. 5. 6. 7. 8.. 9. 10. 3 / 9
iii)LINK WORDS: Complete these texts by choosing the most appropriate LlNK WORD or PHRASE (10 points) Even though computers are clever machines, they cannot understand ordinary spoken English or any other natural language. 1)Yet / Likewise / In fact, the only language central processors can understand consists of a series of binary digits. Such a language can be understood directly by a machine. The instructions are 2)also / therefore / actually said to be in “machine code”.However, machine code as a means of communication is very difficult to write. 3) So / And / Instead we use symbolic languages that are easier to understand. By using a special program, these languages can then be translated into machine code. 4) Similarly / Hence / For example, the so called “assembly languages”use abbreviations such as ADD, SUB, MPY to represent instructions. 5)In other words / In brief / In this case, they are labels which can be easily associated with the items to which they refer. 4 / 9
2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆 阅读理解Passage One Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II. In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level. In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. (B) Causes and effects of rent control (C) The fluctuations of rental prices (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? (A) rapid population growth (B) inflation (C) economic conditions during wartime (D) record-high housing prices 3. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to (A) protect tenants
南开大学考博课程答疑举例：英语知识答疑 一、问：老师，请帮我评一下这篇翻译！谢谢！联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。电话：四零零六六八六九七八 The field of torts embraces a group of civil wrongs,other than breach of contact,that interfere with person,property,reputation,or commercial or social advantage.侵权行为指的是侵害人身、财产、名誉、商业或社会利益等领域权利的一系列民事侵权行为，它并不是合同法的一个分枝。While such an act,such as an assult,may sometimes be both a crime punishable by the state in a criminal prosecution and also a tort actionable by the victim in a suit for damages,the criminal prosecution and the damage action are quite separate and unrelated proceedings.但像突袭这样的行为就有可能既涉及到刑事惩罚，又涉及侵权诉讼，前者主要是由国家通过刑事诉讼来完诚，后者主要是由受害人通过损害赔偿诉讼来完成，这是两个完全分开且相互之间没有关联的诉讼过程。The essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and,though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded,its function is distinct from that of criminal law.and injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceeding.侵权法的功能和刑法的功能是不相同，侵权法的主要目是补偿，偶尔也支持罚金，而刑法的主要目的是惩罚，受害方是不能通过刑事诉讼得到赔偿的。 答：同学你好，翻译的三个标准是：信达雅。所谓的信使忠实于原文，而所谓的忠实于原文说白了就是能不增减就不增减，能不动语序就不动语序，。 你给的这个文章整体而言翻译的还可以，但是你的翻译偶尔会触动：信字。尤其是在语序方面。我们看一下你翻译的最后一部分：The essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and,though punitive damages may
复旦大学 2011 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure（15 points） Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEETⅠ with a single line through the center. 1.He ’ s color-blind and can’ t the difference between red and green easily. A. detect B. discover C. distinguish D. determine 2.As many as 100 species of fish, some to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution. A. unusual B. particular C. typical D. unique 3.In her bright yellow coat, she was easily in the crowed. A. accessible B. identifiable C. negligible D. incredible 4.Some people find that certain foods their headaches. A. introduce B. trigger C. summon D. create 5.The workers chose to their dissatisfaction in a series of strikes. A. deliver B. offer C. manifest D. indicate 6.Living with a roommate constraint on her ---- she couldn ’ t play her trumpet or have parties late at night. A. imposed B. illustrated C. impressed D. left 7.I don ’ t know how to get there either---- perhaps we’ d better a map. A. note B. mark C. consult D. draft 8.In the of recent incidents, we are asking our customers to take particular care of their belongings. A. process B. company C. light D. form 9.The police are doing all they can to bring those responsible for the bombing to A. evidence B. hearing C. justice D. rule 10. The programme aims to make the country in food and to cut energy imports. A. self-confident B. self-sufficient C. self-satisfied D. self-restrained 11. I think I’ d like to stay home this evening going out as it is raining so heavily. A. better than B. other than C. rather than D. sooner than 12.The public can rest that detectives are doing everything possible to find the murderer. A. assured B. approved C. guaranteed D. convinced 13. The child’ s bad behavior is often more than a way of trying to his mother ’ s attention away from his sister. A. reflect B. catch C. deflect D. reduce 14. The small building was marked with a modest brass, stating the name and the business of the occupiers.