非谓语动词作宾语补足语
定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当.
如：The sun keeps us warm.
We call her Jenny.
They found him out.
Make yourself at home.
They wish you to go with them.
I heard him singing.
You must get your hair cut.
宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系.
一、动词不定式作宾补。
1.V1 + sb. + to do sth.
常用动词有：advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受
beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使
hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请
leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要
oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服
prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教
tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告
wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿
persuade (劝说）sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth
温馨提示：
1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作宾语补足语，即构成
doing sth
advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit
sb to do sth
2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。
They forbade her to leave the country.
他们禁止她离开国家。
Please remind me not to be late for the meeting.
请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word.
他要我信守承诺。
练习：
Exercise1
1.I didn’t want my parents _________(help ) me.
2.We’d prefer you __________( take ) the job instead of Zhang.
3.The school ordered all the classroom ________( clean ).
4.My parents expect me _________( go )to a ideal university.
5.Joan promised the dinner ____________( cook ) before we returned.
6.The doctor advised the patient ___________( take ) two pills every four hours.
7. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷)
A. for me taking
B. me taking
C. for me to take
D. me to take
8. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷)
A. don’t make
B. not make
C. not making
D. not to make
9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷)
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not do
二、在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。
The boss made her work long hours.
主语谓语宾语宾补
She was made to work long hours (by her boss).
主语谓语主补
诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜；
主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。
记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, look at, watch, notice，observe)。
注：(1) 动词help后，可以加to,也可以省略to.
I will help him (to) clean the room.。
Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English.
口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。
练习：
1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.
A. cry, to cry
B. crying, crying
C. cry, cry
D. to cry, cry 2. Paul doesn’t have to be made ________. He always works hard. (全国卷) A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning
注意：感官动词 feel ，hear ，listen to ，see ，watch ，notice ，observe ，look at （一感二听五看）
① + do 作宾补，表示事情全过程或一次性动作，该动作已完成。表示一个事实。
② + doing 作宾补，表示一个正在进行和发生的动作，尚未结束。具有一定的描述性。 ③ + done 作宾补，sb 跟done 之间是被动关系 。
总结：See/ watch/observe 等
1. I saw him ___________(change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。
2. I saw him ___________(change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换了汽车轮子。
3. I saw the wheel of his car_________( change) by a boy just now.
4. Suddenly I noticed her__________( stand) outside. 突然我注意到她正站在外边。
5. I have never heard the song __________(sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校被唱过。
1. It was so cold that they kept the fire ________ all night. (全国卷) A. to burn B. burnt C. burning D. burned
2. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the kitchen. (全国卷)
A. smoke
B. smoking
C. to smoke
D. smoked
3. He looked around and caught a man ________ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. (安徽卷)
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting 4. The salesman scolded the girl caught ________ and let her off. (全国卷)
A. to have stolen
B. to be stealing
C. to steal
D. stealing 5.Don’t leave the water ________ while you brush your teeth. (天津卷) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 。
练习：
选择词的合适形式。
1. They have seen the tree (fall/falling) down.
2. Anna saw her daughter (shout/shouting) at her father when she came into the room.
3.Lucy saw Tom (steal/stealing) money from an old lady secretly.
4. Li Ming saw his bike (repair/repaired) by the technician.
5. Jenny saw her mother (cooking/cooked) when she got home.
6. I have seen the flower (plant/planted) in the garden. 六．with 复合结构中非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况。
doing （主动；进行）
done （被动；完成/状态）
to do （将来）
1.With so many things to buy, he went to the market.
2.With all the things bought, he left the supermarket.
3.With many people waiting outside, the manager felt worried.
Exercise:
1.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog____them.
A. to follow
B. following
C. followed
D. follows
2.John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_______.
A.Finished
B. finishing
C. having finished
D. was finished
have，get，make，leave后作宾补的非谓语动词形式
一、have
1．have + sth. + done
(1)表示“叫/让/请别人做某事”，动作的执行者不是主语，也不是宾语，而是别人。
I will have my bike repaired this afternoon. 今天下午我要请人修理自行车。
(2)表示遭遇不幸事件，是句中的主语所经历的。
He had his arm broken. 他的手臂摔断了。(自己的经历)
He had his wallet stolen at the railway station. 他的钱包在火车站不幸遭窃。
2．have + sb. + do sth.
表示“使/让/叫某人做某事”，动作的执行者为宾语。
I’ll have Bob call you back later. 我会让鲍勃稍后给你回电话。（call是由Bob执行）
The teacher had us clean up the classroom. 老师让我们打扫教室。（clean是由us执行）
注意：have sth. to do表示“有事情要做”。在此结构中，不定式作定语。如：
I’m sorry, I can’t go out with you. I have an urgent thing to settle.
我很抱歉，我不能和你出去。我有一件紧急的事情要解决。
3．have + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“使某人/物一直处于某种状态”，动作的执行者为宾语，但是动词必须是延续性动词，
后面常接一个时间段。
He had her standing in the rain for two hours. 他让她在雨中站了两个小时。
注意：have sb. doing用于否定句时，其中have有“容忍”之意。
I won’t have you speaking to your dad like that. 我不能容忍你和你父亲那样讲话。
Exercise：
1. Don’t have the dog＿＿＿＿＿( bark) much，Lilin. 李林，别让狗狂吠不停。
2. She had her money ＿＿＿＿＿(steal) when she got on the bus.
3. I had my watch ＿＿＿＿＿(repair) last week.
4. I’m leaving .Do you have anything ＿＿＿＿＿( say)?
5. The boss often has them ＿＿＿＿＿(work) for 14 hours a day.
6. She is going to attend an important meeting ,but she has no clothes＿＿＿＿＿(wear).
7. The poor woman had a small room ＿＿＿＿＿(live in).
8. We have a lot of money .Do you have anything＿＿＿＿＿(worry about)？
9. " Do you have any clothes ＿＿＿＿＿(wash)?,Sir" asked the maid(女仆).
10. I can’t go swimming today, for I have so many clothes ＿＿＿＿＿(wash).
二、get
1．get + sb.+ to do sth.= have + sb. + do sth.
表示“让某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，强调未来的动作。
He got his brother to help him. 他让他兄弟来帮助他。
I got him to stop smoking. 我让他停止吸烟。
2．get + sth. + done
表示“让……被做”，强调被动性的动作。
He got his hair cut. 他理发了。（他的头发是被剪）
3．get + sb./sth. + doing sth.
表示“让某人/物一直……”或“使某人/某物开始活跃或使某物开始工作”，强调已做或正
在进行的动作。
He got his bike running very fast. 他把自行车骑的飞快。
Who can get the machine running? 谁能启动这台机器？
Exercise：
1. He managed to get the task________(finish) on time. 他设法按时完成了任务。
2. The director got her assistant __________some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008全国II卷)
A. picked up
B. picks up
C.to pick up
D. picking up
3. The boss is always getting her ______ (type) letters for him.
4. The boss made the workers ______ (work) day and night.
三、make
make意为“使”，有轻微强迫之意。
1．make + sb. + do sth.
表示“（迫）使某人做某事”，动作执行者是宾语，被动语态为sb. be made to do sth.。
He made me laugh. 他使我发笑。被动语态为：I was made to laugh by him.
2．make + sb. + done
表示“使某人被……”，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。
Please speak louder to make yourself heard. 请讲大声点以便你让别人听到。
Exercise：
1. He raised his voice to make everybody in the room _____ (hear) him clearly.
2. He raised his voice to make himself _______ (hear).
3. When I first went to Britain,I found it hard to make myself _________(understand).
4. I had to speak louder to make myself ______(understand) by the students.
四、leave
1．leave + sb. + to do sth.
表示“让/留下某人做某事”，强调未来的动作。
Leave him to do it himself. 让他自己做这个事情吧。
We left him to paint the gate. 我们让他油漆这个门。
2．leave + sb./sth. + doing
表示“让某人/某物继续处于某种状态”，这种状态一直持续，强调当时正在发生的动作。Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 不要让她一直在外面雨中等待。
We left him painting the gate. 我们让他一直油漆这个门。
3．leave + sth. + done
表示“使某事被做”，使处于某种被动的状态，并强调动作的被动性，宾语为动作承受者。We can’t leave such an important matter unfinished. 我们不能让这么重要的事情半途而废。Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions unanswered. 如果你有任何问题没有被我回答，请谅解。
Exercise：
1. Please excuse me if I have left any of your questions _______(unanswer).
2. Don’t leave her ______ outside in the rain(waiting).
3. He was covered by a blanket,leaving only his face ______(expose).
9. They shut the door and left, leaving the fire________(burn). 他们关上门走开了，留下火在燃
英语五中基本句型 句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法： S: Subject主语； V: Verb动词； O: Object宾语； P: Predicative表语； IO: Indirect Object间接宾语； DO：Direct Object 直接宾语 。
OC: Object Complement宾语补足语； ◇第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了。这一类词组有：listen to 听；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 寻找；arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light？ 我可以开灯吗？ What are you looking for？ 你在找什么？ ◇第三种句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持；grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾
非谓语动词讲解及练习(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ______， he gladly accepted it. A．finished B．finishing C．having finished D．was finished 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意John接到一张宴会的邀请，他的工作已经完成，他高兴地接受了。这里含有with复合结构，动作finish与his work之间是被动关系，故用过去分词，选A。 考点：考查with复合结构,X,K] 2．China’s Chang’e 4 robotic probe entered lunar orbit on Wednesday, ________ a major step in its mission to make a soft landing on the moon’s far side. A．marking B．to mark C．having marked D．marked 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：周三，中国的嫦娥4号机器人探测器进入月球轨道，标志着它在月球远端软着陆任务中迈出了重要一步。逗号前是主句，逗号后是非限制性定语，修饰整个主句，结合句意，主句和mark之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作定语，A选项正确。【点睛】 不定式和现在分词均可用结果状语，但两者用法有区别：现在分词用作结果状语，通常表示一种自然的结果，即属预料之中的事；不定式用作结果状语，主要表示没有预料到的情况或结果，即属预料之外的事。 3．Simon made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it would fly. A． keep B． kept C． keeping D． to keep 【答案】D 【解析】 4．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
非谓语动词作宾补 考点一感官动词see/ watch /observe/look at/hear/listen to/ notice等和使役动词have 后面的宾补。分两种情况： （一）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的主动关系时，动词原形 （省略to的不定式）表完成；doing表主动正在进行； （二）当宾语与宾补存在逻辑上的被动关系时，done与宾语 表示完成或没有一定的时间性；being done 表示正在进行。如： 1 I heard her sing an English song just now . 刚才我听到她唱 了一首英文歌。 2 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 3 I heard an English song being sung when I passed by her room yesterday . 昨天经过她房间时，我听到她在唱一首英文歌曲。 4 I’d like to see my plan carried out . 我想看到这个计划被执行。 注意：不及物动词的过去分词表示完成或状态I looked down at my necklace and found my necklace gone . 对应练习: When I passed by the hall , I heard the clock ___ twelve . A strike B stuck C sticking D to strick 用动词的适当形式填空：At that moment I saw him ____________ (cross) the street . I was glad to see the children well ____________ (take) care of . 考点二let的复合结构：1 Let + 宾语+ do 让...做... 2 Let + 宾语+ be + done 让...被... 例如：Don’t let your child p lay with matches . Let the work be done immediately . 考点三leave 的复合结构，意为：使。。。处于某种状态 1 leave sb doing sth 让某人一直... （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示动作正在进行） 2 leave sb to do sth 留下某人去做某事 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的主动关系，不定式动作表将来） 3 leave sth to be done 留下某事要做 （宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系，不定式表将来被动） 4 leave sth undone 留下某事未作（ 宾语与宾补之间是逻辑上的被动关系， 表示被动和完成。常见的宾补动词有undone/unfinished/unsettled/untouched等） It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running He left , leaving me to do all the work . We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving our problems to be settled . The guests left most of the dishes untouched, because they didn’t taste delicious .
非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1． Students surf the internet _____ more information about the university they are dreamt of. A ． found B ． finding C ． having found D ． to find 【答案】 D 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：学生们上网是为了找到他们理想大学的更多的信息。此 处表示目的用不定式，指上网的目的。故选 D 。 2． ____ in pai nting, John didn 't notice evening approaching. A ． To absorb B ．To be absorbed C ． Absorbed D ． Absorbing 【答案】 C 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语 be absorbed in 全神贯注于，在句中作状语，省略 be 动词，故选 C 。 【点睛】 本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词 所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主 动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果有很多工作要做，我很乐意一直把它做完。分析句子可知， 用不定式做定语表示未发生的动作，放在被修饰词的名词、代词后，此处 to do 在句中做 定语修饰 work ，主动形式表示被动含义，故选 A 。 4．— Did Peter fix the computer himself? — He ______ ,because he doesn ' t know much about computers. A ． has it fixed B ．had fixed it C ． had it fixed D ． fixed it 【答案】 C 3．If there is a lot of work ________ ． I A ． to do C ． done 【答案】 A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】 m happy to just keep on until it is finished ． B ． to be doing D ．doing
非谓语动词作宾语补足语 定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当. 如：The sun keeps us warm. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系. 一、动词不定式作宾补。 1.V1 + sb. + to do sth. 常用动词有：advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受 beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使 hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请 leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要 oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教 tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告 wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿 persuade (劝说）sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 温馨提示： 1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作 宾语补足语，即构成 doing sth advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit sb to do sth 2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。 They forbade her to leave the country. 他们禁止她离开国家。 Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word. 他要我信守承诺。 练习： Exercise1 1.I didn’t want my parents _________(help ) me. 2.We’d prefer you __________( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3.The school ordered all the classroom ________( clean ). 4.My parents expect me _________( go )to a ideal university. 5.Joan promised the dinner ____________( cook ) before we returned. 6.The doctor advised the patient ___________( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 8. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 二、在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。 The boss made her work long hours. 主语谓语宾语宾补 She was made to work long hours (by her boss). 主语谓语主补 诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜； 主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, look at, watch, notice，observe)。 注：(1) 动词help后，可以加to,也可以省略to. I will help him (to) clean the room.。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. 口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。 练习： 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.
最新非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．224. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _____ behind his back. A．being mopped B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：那个谋杀犯被带了进来，手被捆在背后。with的宾语his hands与动词tie构成被动的关系，故使用过去分词。故选D。 2．Children who are over-protected by their parents may become _____. A．hurt B．spoiled C．damaged D．harmed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词辨析：句意：过分受父母保护的孩子可能会被惯坏。spoil作为动词有“宠坏，溺爱”的意思，这里用动词的过去分词作形容词。hurt指对身体或感情上的伤害；damaged指被毁坏或破坏（好像多指物）；harmed指被损害，被伤害，被危害。选B。 考点：考查动词辨析 3．When he was a boy, he used to go there and watch _____. A．to repair bicycles B．bicycles to be repaired C．bicycles being repaired D．repairing bicycles 【答案】C 【解析】 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a tr y? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. A．To absorb B．To be absorbed C．Absorbed D．Absorbing 【答案】C
宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。 一、常见的能接宾语补足语的词语 1.使役动词 （1）使役动词make make用作使役动词表示“使”时，可跟复合结构，即“make +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。 He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈 杂声中他无法使自己让别人听到。 What makes the grass grow?什么使得草生长？ ★动词不定式作make的宾语补足语时要用省略to的形式，但如果用在被动语态中，to一定不能省略。 She was made to work twelve hours a day.她被迫每天工作十二个小时。（2）使役动词have have表示“使得??”，其后接宾语补足语，常用于以下结构： ①have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 ②have sb. Doing sth.使/让某人一直做某事
③have sth. Done使/让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸 The teacher had the little boy write on the blackboard.老师让这个小男孩在黑板上写。 1 / 8 don't have the lights burning all the night. 不要让灯整夜亮着。 He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他让人修了自行车。 He had his leg broken in the match.在比赛中他摔断了腿。 （3）使役动词leave leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让??保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、名词、介词短语、分词作宾语补足语。 ①He left the door open when he went out.他出去时，没有关门。 ②They walked off and left me sitting there alone.他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。 （4）使役动词keep keep用作使役动词，表示“使/让??保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、现在分词作宾语补足语。 ①Close the door to keep the room warm.关上门让房间保持暖和。 ②You've kept me waiting an hour.你已经让我等了一个小时！ （5）使役动词get get用作使役动词，表示“促使某事发生”或“使得某人做某事”，其
非谓语动词 非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制. 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do 动名词：v-ing 用做名词 分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考） 考点一：不定式 1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed. ) 2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末， It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。 It's important (for us) to protect environment. 注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. (2)作宾语 He wants to go out with her. 注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。 ？
Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语 句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
精品文档分词作宾语补足语在历届高考中出现频率很高，是各省市高考命题的一大热点,因此正确掌握分词在句中的用法十 分重要。要想顺利解决分词作宾语补足语的问题，就要掌握以下思路：分词具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也 有动词的特征。过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行 在语态上侧重于主动。 一、概念 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.) +宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./ to do/ -ing/ -ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 要会使用分词作补足语，必须记住哪些动词可以接分词充当补足语。 1. 感官动词feel，hear，listen to，see, watch，notice，observe，look at (一感二听五看)及find 等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。如： I saw him ___________ (change )the wheel of his car.我看见他在换汽车轮子。(意味着我看到了整个动作过程) I saw him ___________ (change)the wheel of his car.我看见他换汽车轮子。(可能意味着我只看到动作过程的一部分) I saw the wheel of his car ________ ( cha nge) by a boy just now. I saw him _________ ( run) dow n the street.我看见他沿着街跑。 I felt an ant _______ ( climb) over my leg.我感到一只蚂蚁正在我的腿上爬。 Sudde nly I noticed her ________ ( sta nd) outside突然我注意到她正站在外边。 Whe n we went home, we found the door _____ (lock). We can hear the wi ndows _________ (beat) by the heavy rain drops. They felt themselves _________ (cheat). The America n Chin ese is amazed to find his hometow n greatly ______ (cha nge). I could hear the girls _________ (sing) in the classroom.我能听到女孩们在教室里唱歌。 I have never heard the song ________ (sing) in my school. 我从未听过这首歌在我们学校唱过。 In the dream Peter saw himself _________ by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start. (2006 上海卷) A. chased B. to be chased C. be chased D. havi ng bee n chased After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother ' s voice him. (2007 上海春) A. call ing B. called C. being called D. to call He was seen ________ ( cross) the road.(整个过程)有人看见他穿过马路。 He was seen _________ ( cross) the road.(正在进行的动作)有人看见他在穿过马路。 The miss ing boys were last seen _______ ( play) n ear the river. 2 .表示"致使”动词get , have , make等既可以接现在分词又可以接过去分词充当补足语。 (keep / leave sb/sth doing ) H e managed to get the task ______ (finish) on time.他设法按时完成了任务。 The director got her assistant __________ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国II 卷) A. picked up B. picks up C.to pick up D. pick ing up Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her writte n En glish ______ in a short period. (2007 福建 卷) A. improved B. improvi ng C. to improve . improve --Good morning. Can I help you? --I'd like to have the package _________ ( weigh), madam. (MET89 ) T he director had her assistant _________ some hot dogs for the meeting. (2008 全国II 卷)
巧学妙记 1、巧记动词不定式基本用法口诀不定式有标记，to 与动原连一起。没有人称数变化，动词特点它具备。主宾定补表状语，唯独作谓不可以。not 加上不定式，否定结构要牢记。疑问词与不定式，构成短语有意义。仔细推敲多思考，准确判断有依据， to do sth not to do what / how/ when/ where... to do 2、巧记接不定式做宾语的动词我和我的爸爸妈妈W H W D E P P M M A 三个希望两答应( hope, wish, want, agree, promise ) 一个要求莫拒绝( demand, refuse ) 设法学会做决定( manage, learn, decide ) 不要假装在选择( pretend, choose ) 3、巧记接疑问词加to do 做宾语的常见动词学会忘记是有难处( learn, forget ) 想知道就别来劝阻( wonder, know, advise ) 展开讨论教人对付( show, discuss, teach ) 弄清楚才决定告诉( find out, decide, tell) 4、巧记既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式的动词一旦开始莫后悔( begin, start, regret ) 爱憎分明要切记( like, love, hate, remember, forget ) 继续努力有打算( continue, try, mean ) 三个需要由你选( need, want, require, prefer ) 5、巧记后接省略to 的不定式 五看( see, watch, look at, notice ) 二听( listen to, hear ) 一感( feel ) 三让( let, make, have ) 一个help 两均可 6、巧记少数后面只能用动名词做宾语的动词喜欢考虑不可免( enjoy, consider, escape, avoid ) 停止放弃太冒险( stop, give up, risk ) 介意想象莫推延( mind, imagine, delay, put off ) 要求完成是期望( require, finish, look forward to ) 建议继续勤练习( suggest, go on, practise ) 不禁原谅要坚持( can't help, excuse, insist on) 继续注意使成功( keep on, mind, succeed in ) 非谓语动词作宾语 1．I don't allow __________________________________________ in my drawing room. I don't allow my family ______________________ at all. A.smoking ；to smoke B. to smoke ；smoking C. to smoke ；to smoke D. smoking ；smoking 2．Your clothes need .
外研版英语【初中英语】非谓语动词专项讲解及练习 一、非谓语动词 1．Sue practices ______ the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A. play B. played C. to play D. playing 【答案】 D 【解析】【分析】句意：Sue努力练习拉小提琴并经常做精彩演出。Practise doing sth.故答 案为D。 【点评】考查动名词的用法，掌握practice doing结构。 2．My friend invited me ______ the Art Club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A. join B. to join C. joined D. joining 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A.动词原形;B. 动词不定式;C. 动词过去式;D.动词的ing形式。invite sb. to do sth.邀请某人做某事。结合句 意及结构，故选B。 3．The workers were made from morning to night in the past. A. worked B. to work C. work D. working 【答案】 B 【解析】【分析】句意:在过去工人们被迫从早晨工作到晚上make sb do sth让某人做某事，其被动语态形式sb be made to do sth所以选B。 4．Our English teacher wants us ______ English stories out of class. A. read B. reading C. to read 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。want sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事。故选C。 5．To live a low-carbon life, we must remember ________ the lights when we leave the room. A. to turn off B. turning off C. not to turn off 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】句意：要过低碳生活，我们必须记住离开房间时要关掉灯。remember （not）to do sth.忘记要做的事；remember doing sth.忘记已经做过的事。根据句末when we leave the room.可知关灯的动作还没有做，此处表示肯定含义，要用不定式的肯定式， 故选A。 【点评】考查动词remember的固定搭配。根据所表示的含义选择正确的搭配。
非谓语动词做宾补的练习题 用单词的适当形式填空： 1.Listen! Do you hear someone ___________(call)for help? 2. I was sleeping when I heard my name ____________(shout) 3.He’d seen us ____________(sit) by the lake all those times. 4. To his surprise, Jack found his son ________(dress) as Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. 5.You begin to understand how Chinese speakers have their thoughts ____________(organize), and how they understand things. 6. The patient was warned not __________(eat) oily food. 7.Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________________ (improve) in a short period. 8. The heartwarming story began in September last year when a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood ____________(accept) her six-year-old son. 9.If you expect people ___________(give up) the habit of driving, we must give them another alternative(选择) 10.I like the film because it can make me_____________(laugh) 11.She kept me ____________(wait)over 10minutes. 12.with so many people_____________（look）at him,he felt very nervous. 13.with the problem__________(solve),the quality has been improved.
精心整理 宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：Ifoundhim in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：Wemustkeepourclassroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：Wecallthem mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：Ileftmypen onmydesk athome. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：Sheoftenasksme tohelp her. Ioftenseehim play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat 如：I saw theboy climb thewall（过程） 如：Theboss makes theboy work dayandnight. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去(注意have没有被动语态)。 Thoughhehadoften madehislittlesistercry,todayhe wasmadetocry byhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等）后接不定式tobe+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。 如：Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 如：Heprovedthetheory(tobe)veryimportant. （6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Isawtheboy climbing thewall.（片 段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：Isawanoldman knockeddown byacarjustnow. （8）“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： 1、with+宾+形Helefttheroomwiththedoor open.方式 2、with+宾+副Withtheradio on,grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.伴随 3、with+宾+过去分词Themanwsbroughtinwithhishands tied behindhisback.方式 4、with+宾+不定式Withthisbook tohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkqickly.条件 5、with+宾+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabook inhishand.伴随 6、with+宾+现在分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.伴随 宾语补足语练习题 1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.(NMET2000) A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout