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《道德经》汉英对照_(Waley_译本)

《道德经》汉英对照_(Waley_译本)
《道德经》汉英对照_(Waley_译本)

《道德经》汉英对照(Waley 译本)

老子著

Arthur Waley 英译

注:英文翻译不能完全表达古文愿意,敬请读者斟酌

一章

道,可道,非恒道。名,可名,非恒名。无名,天地之始;有名,万物之母。故常无欲,以观其妙;常有欲,以观其徼。此两者同出而异名,同谓之玄。玄之又玄,众妙之门。

The Way that can be told of is not an Unvarying Way;

The names that can be named are not unvarying names.

It was from the Nameless that Heaven and Earth sprang;

The named is but the mother that rears the ten thousand creatures, each after its kind.

Truly, ―Only he that rids himself forever of desire can see the Secret Essences‖;

He that has never rid himself of desire can see only the Outcomes.

These two things issued from the same mould, but nevertheless are different in name.

This ―same mould‖ we can but call the Mystery,

Or rather the ―Darker than any Mystery‖,

The Doorway whence issued all Secret Essences.

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二章

天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已;皆知善之为善,斯不善矣。有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相和,前后相随,恒也。是以圣人处无为之事,行不言之教,万物作而弗始,生而弗有,为而弗恃,功成而弗居。夫唯弗居,是以不去。

It is because every one under Heaven recognizes beauty as beauty,

That the idea of ugliness exists.

And equally if every one recognized virtue as virtue,

this would merely create fresh conceptions of wickedness.

For truly, Being and Not-being grow out of one another;

Difficult and easy complete one another.

Long and short test one another;

High and low determine one another.

Pitch and mode give harmony to one another.

Front and back give sequence to one another.

Therefore the Sage relies on actionless activity,

Carries on wordless teaching,

But the myriad creatures are worked upon by him;

He does not disown them.

He rears them, but does not lay claim to them,

Controls them, but does not lean upon them,

Achieves his aim, but does not call attention to what he does;

And for the very reason that he does not call attention to what he does

He is not ejected from fruition of what he has done.

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三章

不尚贤,使民不争;不贵难得之货,使民不为盗;不见可欲,使民心不乱。是以圣人之治,虚其心,实其腹;弱其志,强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫知不敢弗为而已,则无不治。

If we stop looking for ―persons of superior morality‖ (hsien) to put in power,

There will be no more jealousies among the people.

If we cease to set store by products that are hard to get,

There will be no more thieves.

If the people never see such things as excite desire,

Their hearts will remain placid and undisturbed.

Therefore the Sage rules

By emptying their hearts

And filling their hearts?

Weakening their intelligence

And toughening their sinews

Ever striving to make the people knowledgeless and desireless.

Indeed he sees to it that if there be any who have knowledge,

They dare not interfere.

Yet through his actionless activity all things are duly regulated.

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四章

道冲,而用之或不盈。渊兮,似万物之宗。挫其锐,解其纷,和其光,同其尘。湛兮,似或存。吾不知谁之子,象帝之先。

The Way is like an empty vessel

That yet may be drawn from

Without ever needing to be filled.

It is bottomless; the very progenitor of all things in the world.

In it all sharpness is blunted,

All tangles untied,

All glare tempered,

All dust soothed.

It is like a deep pool that never dries.

Was it too the child of something else?

We cannot tell.

But as a substanceless image it existed before the Ancestor.

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五章

天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。天地之间,其犹橐龠乎?虚而不屈,动而愈出。多闻数穷,不如守中。

Heaven and Earth are ruthless;

To them the Ten Thousand things are but as straw dogs.

The Sage too is ruthless;

To him the people are but as straw dogs.

Yet Heaven and Earth and all that lies between

Is like a bellows

In that it is empty, but gives a supply that never fails.

Work it, and more comes out.

Whereas the force of words is soon spent.

Far better is it to keep what is in the heart.

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六章

谷神不死,是谓玄牝。玄牝之门,是谓天地根。绵绵若存,用之不勤。

The Valley Spirit never dies.

It is named the Mysterious Female.

And the doorway of the Mysterious Female

Is the base from which Heaven and Earth sprang.

It is there within us all the while;

Draw upon it as you will, it never runs dry.

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七章

天长地久。天地所以能长且久者,以其不自生,故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先,外其身而身存。不以其无私邪?故能成其私。

Heaven is eternal, the Earth everlasting.

How come they to be so?

It is because they do not foster their own lives;

That is why they live so long.

Therefore the Sage

Puts himself in the background; but is always to the fore.

Remains outside; but is always there.

Is it not just because he does not strive for any personal end

That all his personal ends are fulfilled?

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八章

上善若水。水善利万物而不争,居众人之所恶,故几于道。居善地,心善渊,与善仁,言善信,政善治,事善能,动善时。夫唯不争,故无尤。

The highest good is like that of water.

The goodness of is that it benefits the ten thousand creatures;

Yet itself does not scramble,

But is content with the places that all men disdain.

It is this makes water so near to the Way.

And if men think the ground the best place for building a house upon,

If among thoughts they value those that are profound,

If in friendship they value gentleness,

In words, truth; in government, good order;

In deeds, effectiveness; in actions, timeliness -

In each case it is because they prefer what does not lead to strife,

And therefore does not go amiss.

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九章

持而盈之,不如其已。揣而锐之,不可长保。金玉满堂,莫之能守。富贵而骄,自遗其咎。功遂身退,天下之道。

Stretch a bow to the very full,

And you will wish you had stopped in time;

Temper a sword-edge to its very sharpest,

And you will find it soon grows dull.

When bronze and jade fill your hall.

It can no longer be guarded.

Wealth and place breed insolence.

That brings ruin in its train.

When your work is done, then withdraw!

Such is Heaven's Way.

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十章

载营魄抱一,能无离乎?专气致柔,能如婴儿乎?修除玄览,能无疵乎?爱民治国,能无智乎?天门开阖,能为雌乎?明白四达,能无知乎?生之、畜之,生而不有,长而不宰。是为玄德。

Can you keep the unquiet physical-soul from straying,

Hold fast to the Unity, and never quit it?

Can you, when concentrating your breath,

Make it soft like that of a little child?

Can you wipe and cleanse your vision of the Mystery till all is without blur?

Can you love the people and rule the land,

Yet remain unknown?

Can you in opening and shutting the heavenly gates play always the female part?

Can your mind penetrate every corner of the land,

But you yourself never interfere?

Rear them, then, feed them,

Rear them, but do not lay claim to them.

Control them, but never lean upon them;

Be chief among them, but do not manage them.

This is called the Mysterious Power.

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十一章

三十辐共一毂,当其无,有车之用。埏埴以为器,当其无,有器之用。凿户牖以为室,当其无,有室之用。故有之以为利,无之以为用。

We put thirty spokes together and call it a wheel;

But it is on the space where there is nothing

That the usefulness of the wheel depends.

We turn clay to make a vessel;

But it is on the space where there is nothing

That the usefulness of the vessel depends.

We pierce doors and windows to make a house;

And it is on these spaces where there is nothing

That the usefulness of the house depends.

Therefore just as we take advantage of what is,

We should recognize the usefulness of what is not.

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十二章

五色令人目盲;五音令人耳聋;五味令人口爽;驰骋畋猎,令人心发狂;难得之货,令人行妨。是以圣人为腹不为目,故去彼取此。

The fives colours confuse the eye,

The fives sounds dull the ear,

The five tastes spoil the palate.

Excess of hunting and chasing

Makes minds go mad.

Products that are hard to get

Impede their owner's movements.

Therefore the Sage

Considers the belly not the eye.

Truly, ―he rejects that but takes this‖.

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十三章

宠辱若惊,贵大患若身。何谓宠辱若惊?宠为下,得之若惊,失之若惊,是谓宠辱若惊。何谓贵大患若身?吾所以有大患者,为吾有身,及吾无身,吾有何患?故贵以身为天下,若可寄天下;爱以身为天下,若可托天下。

Favour and disgrace goad as it were to madness;

High rank hurts keenly as our bodies hurt.‖

What does it mean to say that favour and disgrace goad as it were to madness?

It means that when a rule's subjects get it they turn distraught,

When they lose it they turn distraught.

That is what is meant to by saying favour and disgrace goad as it were to madness.

What does it mean to say that high rank hurts keenly as our bodies hurt?

The only reason that we suffer hurt is that we have bodies;

If we had no bodies, how could we suffer?

Therefore we may accept the saying:

“He who in dealing with the empire regards his high rank

As through it were his body is the best person to be entrusted with rules;

He who in dealing with the empire loves his subjects as one should love one's body

Is the best person to whom one commit the empire.‖

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十四章

视之不见,名曰微;听之不闻,名曰希;搏之不得,名曰夷。此三者,不可致诘,故混而为一。其上不皎,其下不昧,绳绳兮不可名,复归于物。是谓无状之状,无物之象,是谓惚恍。迎之不见其首,随之不见其后。执古之道,以御今之有。能知古始,是谓道纪。

Because the eye gazes but can catch no glimpse of it,

It is called elusive.

Because the ear listens but cannot hear it,

It is called the rarefied.

Because the hand feels for it but cannot find it,

It is called the infinitesimal.

These three, because they cannot be further scrutinized,

Blend into one,

Its rising brings no light;

Its sinking, no darkness.

Endless the series of things without name

On the way back to where there is nothing.

They are called shapeless shapes;

Forms without form;

Are called vague semblance.

Go towards them, and you can see no front;

Go after them, and you see no rear.

Yet by seizing on the Way that was

You can ride the things that are now.

For to know what once there was, in the Beginning,

This is called the essence of the Way.

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十五章

古之善为道者,微妙玄通,深不可识。夫唯不可识,故强为之容:豫兮,若冬涉川;犹兮,若畏四邻;俨兮,其若客;涣兮,其若凌释;敦兮,其若朴;旷兮,其若谷;混兮,其若浊。孰能浊以止?静之徐清。孰能安以久?动之徐生。保此道者,不欲盈。夫唯不盈,故能蔽而新成。

Of old those that were the best officers of Court

Had inner natures subtle, abstruse, mysterious, penetrating,

Too deep to be understood.

And because such men could not be understood

I can but tell of them as they appeared to the world:

Circumspect they seemed, like one who in winter crosses a stream,

Watchful, as one who must meet danger on every side.

Ceremonious, as one who pays a visit;

Yet yielding, as ice when it begins to melt.

Blank, as a piece of uncarved wood;

Yet receptive as a hollow in the hills.

Murky, as a troubled stream —–

(Tranquil, as the vast reaches of the sea,

Drifting as the wind with no stop.)

Which of you an assume such murkiness,

To become in the end still and clear?

Which of you can make yourself insert,

To become in the end full of life and stir?

Those who possess this Tao do not try to fill themselves to the brim,

And because they do not try to fill themselves to the brim,

They are like a garment that endures all wear and need never be renewed.

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十六章

致虚极,守静笃。万物并作,吾以观复。夫物芸芸,各复归其根。归根曰静,静曰复命。复命曰常,知常曰明。不知常,妄作,凶。知常容,容乃公,公乃王,王乃天,天乃道,道乃久,殁身不殆。

Push far enough towards the V oid,

Hold fast enough to Quietness,

And of the ten thousand things none but can be worked on by you.

I have beheld them, whither they go back.

See, all things howsoever they flourish

Return to the root from which they grew.

This return to the root is called Quietness;

Quietness is called submission to Fate;

What has submitted to Fate has become part of the always so.

To know the always-so is to be Illumined;

Not to know it, means to go blindly to disaster.

He who knows the always-so has room in him for everything;

He who has room in him for everything is without prejudice.

To be without prejudice is to be kingly;

To be kingly is to be of heaven;

To be of heaven is to be in Tao.

Tao is forever and he that possess it,

Though his body ceases, is not destroyed.

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十七章

太上,不知有之;其次,亲而誉之;其次,畏之;其次,侮之。信不足焉,有不信焉。悠兮,其贵言。功成事遂,百姓皆谓:「我自然」。

Of the highest the people merely know that such a one exists;

The next they draw near to and praise.

The next they shrink from, intimidated; but revile.

Truly, ―It is by not believing people that you turn them into liars‖.

But from the Sage it is so hard at any price to get a single word

That when his task is accomplished, his work done,

Throughout the country every one says: ―It happened of its own accord‖.

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十八章

大道废,有仁义;智慧出,有大伪;六亲不和,有孝慈;国家昏乱,有忠臣。

It was when the Great Way declined

That human kindness and morality arose;

It was when intelligence and knowledge appeared

That the Great Artifice began.

It was when the six near ones were no longer at peace

That th ere was talk of ―dutiful sons‖;

Nor till fatherland was dark with strife

Did we hear of ―loyal slaves‖.

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十九章

绝圣弃智,民利百倍;绝仁弃义,民复孝慈;绝巧弃利,盗贼无有。此三者以为文,不足。故令有所属:见素抱朴,少思寡欲,绝学无忧。

Banish wisdom, discard knowledge,

And the people will be benefited a hundredfold.

Banish human kindness, discard morality,

And the people will be dutiful and compassionate.

Banish skill, discard profit,

And thieves and robbers will disappear.

If when these three things are done they find life too plain and unadorned,

Then let them have accessories;

Give them Simplicity to look at, the Uncarved Black to hold,

Give them selflessness and fewness of desires.

Banish learning, and there will be no more grieving.

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二十章

唯之与阿,相去几何?美之与恶,相去若何?人之所畏,不可不畏。荒兮,其未央哉!众人熙熙,如享太牢,如春登台。我独泊兮,其未兆;沌沌兮,如婴儿之未孩;儡儡兮,若无所归。众人皆有馀,而我独若遗。我愚人之心也哉,沌沌兮!俗人昭昭,我独昏昏。俗人察察,我独闷闷。淡兮,其若海,望兮,若无止。众人皆有以,而我独顽似鄙。我独异于人,而贵食母。

Between wei and o

What after all is the difference?

Can it be compared to the difference between good and bad?

The saying ―what others avoid I too must avoid‖

How false and superficial it is?

All men, indeed, are wreathed in smiles,

As though feasting after the Great Sacrifice,

As though going up to the Spring Carnival.

I alone am inert, like a child that has not yet given sign;

Like an infant that has not yet smiled.

I droop and drift, as though I belonged nowhere.

All men have enough and to spare;

I alone seem to have lost everything.

Mine is indeed the mind of a very idiot,

So dull am I.

The world is full of people that shine;

I alone am dark.

They look lively and self-assured;

I alone depressed.

(I seem unsettled as the ocean;

Blown adrift, never brought to a stop.)

All men can be put to some use;

I alone am intractable and boorish.

But wherein I most am different from men

Is that I prize no sustenance that comes not from the Mother's breast.

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二十一章

孔德之容,惟道是从。道之为物,惟恍惟惚。惚兮恍兮,其中有象;恍兮惚兮,其中有物;窈兮冥兮,其中有精;其精甚真,其中有信。自今及古,其名不去,以阅众甫。吾何以知众甫之状哉?以此。

Such the scope of the All-pervading Power.

That it alone can act through the Way.

For the Way is a thing impalpable, incommensurable.

Incommensurable, impalpable.

Yet latent in it are forms;

Impalpable, incommensurable

Yet within it are entities.

Shadowy it is and dim;

Yet within it there is a force,

Is none the less efficacious.

From the times of old till now

Its charge has not departed

But cheers onward the many warriors.

How do I know that the many warriors are so?

Through this.

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二十二章

「曲则全,枉则直,洼则盈,敝则新,少则得,多则惑。」是以圣人抱一为天下式。不自见,故明;不自是,故彰;不自伐,故有功;不自矜,故长。夫唯不争,故天下莫能与之争。古之所谓「曲则全」者,岂虚言哉!诚全而归之。

“To remain whole, be twisted!‖

To become straight, let yourself be bent.

To become full, be hollow.

Be tattered, that you may be renewed.

Those that have little, may get more,

Those that have much, are but perplexed.

Therefore the ; Sage

Clasps the Primal Unity,

Testing by it everything under heaven.

He does not show himself; therefore he seen everywhere.

He does not define himself, therefore he is distinct.

He does not boast of what he will do, therefore he succeeds.

He is not proud of his work, and therefore it endures.

He does not contend,

And for that very reason no one under heaven can contend with him.

So then we see that the ancient saying ―To remain whole, be twisted!‖ was no idle word;

For true wholeness can only be achieved by return.

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二十三章

希言自然。故飘风不终朝,骤雨不终日。孰为此者?天地。天地尚不能久,而况于人乎?故从事于道者,同于道;德者,同于德;失者,同于失。同于道者,道亦乐得之;同于德者,德亦乐得之;同于失者,失亦乐得之。信不足焉,有不信焉。

To be always talks is against nature.

For the same reason a hurricane never lasts a whole morning,

Nor a rainstorm all day.

Who is it that makes the wind and rain?

It is Heaven-and Earth.

And if even Heaven-and Earth cannot blow or pour for long,

How much less in his utterance should man?

Truly, if one uses the Way as one's instrument,

The results will be like the Way;

If one uses the ―power‖ as instrument,

The results will be like the ―power‖.

If one uses what is t he reverse of the ―power‖,

The results will be the reverse of the ―power‖.

For to those who have conformed themselves to the Way,

The Way readily lends its power.

To those who have conformed themselves to the power,

The power readily, lends more power.

While to those who conform themselves to inefficacy,

Inefficacy readily lends its ineffectiveness.

“It is by not believing in people that you turn them into liars.‖

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二十四章

企者不立;跨者不行;自见者不明;自是者不彰;自伐者无功;自矜者不长。其在道也,曰馀食赘形,物或恶之,故有道者不居。

'He who stands on tip-toe, does not stand firm;

He who takes the longest strides, does not walk the fastest.‖

He who does his own looking sees little,

He who defines himself is not therefore distinct.

He who boasts of what he will do succeeds in nothing;

He who is proud of his work, achieves nothing that endures.

Of these, from the standpoint of the Way, it is said:

“Pass round superfluous dishes to those that have already had enough,

And no creature b ut will reject them in disgust.‖

That is why he that possesses Tao does not linger.

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二十五章

有物混成,先天地生。寂兮寥兮,独立而不改,周行而不殆,可以为天地母。吾不知其名,字之曰道,强为之名曰大。大曰逝,逝曰远,远曰反。故道大,天大,地大,人亦大。域中有四大,而人居其一焉。人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然。

There was something formless yet complete,

That existed before heaven and earth;

Without sound, without substance,

Dependent on nothing, unchanging,

All pervading, unfailing.

One may think of it as the mother of all things under heaven.

Its true name we do not know;

Were I forced to say to what class of things it belongs

I should call it Great (ta)

Now ta also means passing on,

And passing on means going Far Away,

And going far away means returning.

Thus just as Tao has ―this greatness‖ and as earth has it and as heaven has it,

So may the ruler also have it.

Thus ―within the realm there are four portions of greatness‖,

And one belongs to the king.

The ways of men are conditioned by those of earth.

The ways of earth, by those of heaven.

The ways of heaven by those of Tao, and the ways of Tao by the Self-so.

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二十六章

重为轻根,静为躁君。是以君子终日行不离辎重。虽有荣观,燕处超然。奈何万乘之主,而以身轻天下?轻则失根,躁则失君。

As the heavy must be the foundation of the light,

So quietness is lord and master of activity.

Truly, ―A man of consequence though he travels all day

Will not let himself be separated from his baggage-wagon,

However magnificent the view, he sits quiet and dispassionate‖.

How much less, then, must be the lord of ten thousand chariots

Allow himself to be lighter than these he rules!

If he is light, the foundation is lost;

If he is active, the lord and master is lost.

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二十七章

善行,无辙迹;善言,无瑕谪;善数,不用筹策;善闭,无关楗而不可开;善结,无绳约而不可解。是以圣人常善救人,故无弃人;常善救物,故无弃物。是谓神明。故善人者,不善人之师;不善人者,善人之资。不贵其师,不爱其资,虽智大迷。是谓要妙。

Perfect activity leaves no track behind it;

Perfect speech is like a jade-worker whose tool leaves no mark.

The perfect reckoner needs no counting-slips;

The perfect door has neither bolt nor bar,

Yet cannot be opened.

The perfect knot needs neither rope nor twine,

Yet cannot be united.

Therefore the Sage

Is all the time in the most perfect way helping men,

He certainly does not turn his back on men;

Is all the time in the most perfect way helping creatures,

He certainly does not turn his back on creatures.

This is called resorting to the Light.

Truly, ―the perfect man is the teacher of the imperfect;

But the imperfect is the stock-in-tra de of the perfect man‖.

He who does not respect his teacher,

He who does not take care of his stock-in-trade,

Much learning through he may possess, is far astray.

This is the essential secret.

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二十八章

知其雄,守其雌,为天下溪。为天下溪,常德不离。常德不离,复归于婴儿。知其荣,守其辱,为天下谷。为天下谷,常德乃足。常德乃足,复归于朴。知其白,守其黑,为天下式。为天下式,常德不忒。常德不忒,复归于无极。朴散则为器,圣人用之,则为官长。故大制无割。

“He who knows the males, yet cleaves to what is female

Because like a ravine, receiving all things under heaven,‖

And being such a ravine

He knows all the time a power that he never calls upon in vain.

This is returning to the state of infancy.

He who knows the white, (yet cleaves to the black

Becomes the standard by which all things are tested;

And being such a standard

He has all the time a power that never errs,

He returns to the Limitless.

He who knows glory,) yet cleaves to ignominy

Become like a valley that receives into it all things under heaven,

And being such a valley

He has all the time a power that suffices;

He returns to the state of the Uncarved Block.

Now when a block is sawed up it is made into implements;

But when the Sage uses it, it becomes Chief of all Ministers.

Truly, ―The greatest carver does the least cutting‖.

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二十九章

将欲取天下而为之,吾见其不得已。天下神器,不可为也。为者败之,执者失之。物,或行或随,或嘘或吹,或强或羸,或挫或隳。是以圣人去甚,去奢,去泰。

Those that would gain what is under heaven by tampering with it -

I have seen that they do not succeed.

For that which is under heaven is like a holy vessel, dangerous to tamper with.

Those that tamper with it, harm it.

Those that grab at it, lose it.

For among the creatures of the world some go in front, some follow;

Some blow hot when others would be blowing cold.

Some are feeling vigorous just when others are worn out.

Therefo re the Sage ―discards the absolute, the all-inclusive, the extreme‖.

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三十章

以道佐人主者,不以兵强天下,其事好还:师之所居,荆棘生焉。大军之后,必有凶年。善有果而已,不以取强。果而勿矜,果而勿伐,果而勿骄,果而不得已,果而勿强。物壮则老,是谓不道,不道早已。

He who by Tao purposes to help a ruler of men

Will oppose all conquest by force of arms;

For such things are wont to rebound.

Where armies are, thorn and brambles grow.

The raising of a great host

Is followed by a year of dearth.

Therefore a good general effects his purpose and then stops; he does not take further advantage of his victory.

Fulfils his purpose and does not glory in what he has done;

Fulfils his purpose and does not boast of what he has done;

Fulfils his purpose, but takes no pride in what he has done;

Fulfils his purpose, but only as a step that could not be avoided.

Fulfils his purpose, but without violence;

For what has a time of vigour also has a time of decay.

This is against Tao,

And what is against Tao will soon perish.

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三十一章

夫兵者,不祥之器。物或恶之,故有道者不居。君子居则贵左,用兵则贵右,故兵者非君子之器。不祥之器,不得已而用之,恬淡为上。胜而不美,而美之者,是乐杀人。夫乐杀人者,则不可得志于天下矣。吉事尚左,凶事尚右。偏将军居左,上将军居右,言以丧礼处之。杀人之众,以悲哀泣之,战胜以丧礼处之。

Fine weapons are none the less ill-omened things.

(People despise them, therefore,

Those in possession of the Tao do not depend on them.)

That is why, among people of good birth,

In peace the left-hand side is the place of honour,

But in war this is reversed and the right-hand side is the place of honour.

(Weapons are ill-omened things, which the superior man should not depend on.

When he has no choice but to use them,

The best attitude is to retain tranquil and peaceful.)

The Quietist, even when he conquers, does not regard weapons as lovely things.

For to think them lovely means to delight in them,

And to delight in them means to delight in the slaughter of men.

And he who delights in the slaughter of men

Will never get what he looks for out of those that dwell under heaven.

(Thus in happy events,

The left-hand side is the place of honour, in grief and mourning,

The right-hand is the place of honour.

The lieutenant general stands on the left,

While the supreme general stands on the right,

Which is arranged on the rites of mourning.)

A host that has slain men is received with grief and mourning;

He that has conquered in battle is received with rites of mourning.

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三十二章

道常无名。朴虽小,天下莫能臣。侯王若能守之,万物将自宾。天地相合,以降甘露,民莫之令而自均。始制有名,名亦既有,夫亦将知止。知止可以不殆。譬道之在天下,犹川谷之于江海。

Tao is eternal, but has no fame (name);

The Uncarved Block, though seemingly of small account,

Is greater than anything that is under heaven.

If kings and barons would but possess themselves of it,

The ten thousand creatures would flock to do them homage;

Heaven-and-earth would conspire

To send Sweet Dew,

Without law or compulsion, men would dwell in harmony.

Once the block is carved, there will be names,

And so soon as there are names,

Know that it is time to stop.

Only by knowing when it is time to stop can danger be avoided.

To Tao all under heaven will come

As streams and torrents flow into a great river or sea.

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三十三章

知人者智,自知者明;胜人者有力,自胜者强。知足者富。强行者有志。不失其所者久。死而不亡者寿。

To understand others is to have knowledge;

To understand oneself is to be illumined.

To conquer others needs strength;

To conquer oneself is harder still.

To be content with what one has is to be rich.

He that works through violence may get his way;

But only what stays in its place

Can endure.

When one dies one is not lost, there is no other longevity.

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三十四章

大道泛兮,其可左右。万物恃之而生而不辞,功成而不名有。衣养万物而不为主,可名于小;万物归焉而不为主,可名为大。以其终不自为大,故能成其大。

Great Tao is like a boat that drifts;

It can go this way; it can go that.

The ten thousand creatures owe their existence to it and it does not disown them;

Yet having produced them, it does not take possession of them.

Makes no claim to be master over them,

(And asks for nothing from them.)

Therefore it may be called the Lowly.

The ten thousand creatures obey it,

Though they know not that they have a master;

Therefore it is called the Great.

So too the Sage just because he never at any time makes a show of greatness

In fact achieves greatness.

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三十五章

执大象,天下往。往而不害,安平泰。乐与饵,过客止。道之出口,淡乎其无味,视之不足见,听之不足闻,用之不足既。

He who holding the Great From goes about his work in the empire

Can go about his, yet do no harm.

All is peace, quietness and security.

Sound of music, smell of good dishes

Will make the passing stranger pause.

How difference the words that Tao gives forth!

So thin, so flavourless!

If one looks for Tao, there is nothing solid to see;

If one listens for it, there is nothing loud enough to hear.

Yet if one uses it, it is inexhaustible.

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三十六章

将欲歙之,必故张之;将欲弱之,必故强之;将欲废之,必故兴之;将欲取之,必故与之。是谓微明。柔弱胜刚强。鱼不可脱于渊,国之利器不可以示人。

What is in the end to be shrunk

Must first be stretched.

Whatever is to be weakened

Must begin by being made strong.

What is to be overthrown

Must begin by being set up.

He who would be a taker

Must begin as a giver.

This is called ―dimming‖ one's light.

It is thus that the soft overcomes the hard

And the weak, the strong.

“It is best to leave the fish down in his pool;

Best to leave the State's sharpest weapons wherenone can see th em.‖

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三十七章

道恒无名,侯王若能守之,万物将自化。化而欲作,吾将镇之以无名之朴。无名之朴,夫亦将不欲。不欲以静,天地将自正。

Tao never does;

Yet through it all things are done.

If the barons and kings would but possess themselves of it,

The ten thousand creatures would at once be transformed.

And if having been transformed they should desire to act,

We must restrain them by the blankness of the Unnamed.

The blankness of the Unnamed

Brings dispassion;

To be dispassionate is to be still.

And so, of itself, the whole empire will be at rest.

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三十八章

上德不德,是以有德;下德不失德,是以无德。上德无为而无以为;下德无为而有以为。上仁为之而无以为;上义为之而有以为。上礼为之而莫之应,则攘臂而扔之。故失道而后德,失德而后仁,失仁而后义,失义而后礼。夫礼者,忠信之薄,而乱之首。前识者,道之华,而愚之始。是以大丈夫居其厚,不居其薄;居其实,不居其华。故去彼取此。

The man of highest ―power‖ does not reveal himself as a possessor of ―power‖;

Therefore he kee ps his ―power‖.

The man of inferior ―power‖ cannot rid it of the appearance of ―power‖;

Therefore he is in truth without ―power‖.

The man of highest ―power‖ neither acts nor is there any who so regards him;

The man of inferior ―power‖ both acts and is so r egarded.

The man of highest humanity, though he acts, is not regarded;

Whereas a man of even the highest morality both acts and is so regarded;

While even he who is best versed in ritual not merely acts,

But if people fail to respond

Then he will pull up his sleeves and advance upon them.

That is why it is said:

“After Tao was lost, then came the 'power';

After the 'power' was lost, then came human kindness.‖

After human kindness was lost, then came morality,

After morality was lost, then came ritual.

Now ritual is the mere husk of loyalty and promise-keeping

And is indeed the first step towards brawling.‖

Foreknowledge may be the ―flower of doctrine‖,

But it is the beginning of folly.

Therefore the full-grown man takes his stand upon the solid substance

And not upon the mere husk,

Upon the fruit and not upon the flower.

Truly, ―he reject that and takes this‖.

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三十九章

昔之得一者:天得一以清;地得一以宁;神得一以灵;谷得一以盈;侯得一以为天下正。其致之。天无以清,将恐裂;地无以宁,将恐废;神无以灵,将恐歇;谷无以盈,将恐竭;侯王无以贵高,将恐蹶。故贵以贱为本,高以下为基。是以侯王自谓「孤」、「寡」、「不谷」。此非以贱为本耶?非乎?故致数誉无誉。是故不欲禄禄如玉。珞珞如石。

As for the things that from of old have understood the Whole —

道德经全文及注释

道德经及全文注释 第一章 道可道,非常道。名可名,非常名。无名天地之始;有名万物之母。故常无,欲以观其妙;常有,欲以观其徼。此两者,同出而异名,同谓之玄。玄之又玄,众妙之门。 译文: 道"如果可以用言语来表述,那它就是常"道"("道"是可以用言语来表述的,它并非一般的"道");"名"如果可以用文辞去命名,那它就是常"名"("名"也是可以说明的,它并非普通的"名")。"无"可以用来表述天地浑沌未开之际的状况;而"有",则是宇宙万物产生之本原的命名。因此,要常从"无"中去观察领悟"道"的奥妙;要常从"有"中去观察体会"道"的端倪。无与有这两者,来源相同而名称相异,都可以称之为玄妙、深远。它不是一般的玄妙、深奥,而是玄妙又玄妙、深远又深远,是宇宙天地万物之奥妙的总门(从"有名"的奥妙到达无形的奥妙,"道"是洞悉一切奥妙变化的门径)。

第二章 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相和,前后相随。恒也。 是以圣人处无为之事,行不言之教;万物作而弗始,生而弗有,为而弗恃,功成而不居。夫唯弗居,是以不去。 译文: 天下人都知道美之所以为美,那是由于有丑陋的存在。都知道善之所以为善,那是因为有恶的存在。所以有和无互相转化,难和易互相形成,长和短互相显现,高和下互相充实,音与声互相谐和,前和后互相接随--这是永恒的。因此圣人 用无为的观点对待世事,用不言的方式施行教化:听任万物自然兴起而不为其创始,有所施为,但不加自己的倾向,功成业就而不自居。正由于不居功,就无所谓失去。 第三章 不尚贤,使民不争;不贵难得之货,使民不为盗;不见可欲,使民心不乱。 是以圣人之治,虚其心,实其腹,弱其志,强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫智者不敢为也。为无为,则无不治。 译文: 不推崇有才德的人,导使老百姓不互相争夺;不珍爱难得的财物,导使老百姓不去偷窃;不显耀足以引起贪心的事物,导使民心不被迷乱。因此,圣人的治理原则是:排空百姓的心机,填饱百姓的肚腹,减弱百姓的竞争意图,增强百姓的筋骨体魄,经常使老百姓没有智巧,没有欲望。致使那些有才智的人也不敢妄 为造事。圣人按照"无为"的原则去做,办事顺应自然,那么,天才就不会不太平了。 第四章 道冲,而用之或不盈。渊兮,似万物之宗;湛兮,似或存。吾不知谁之子,象帝之先。 译文: 大"道"空虚开形,但它的作用又是无穷无尽。深远啊!它好象万物的祖宗。 消磨它的锋锐,消除它的纷扰,调和它的光辉,混同于尘垢。隐没不见啊,又好象实际存在。我不知道它是谁的后代,似乎是天帝的祖先。 第五章 天地不仁,以万物为刍狗;圣人不仁,以百姓为刍狗。 天地之间,其犹橐龠乎?虚而不屈,动而愈出。多言数穷,不如守中。 译文:

《道德经》注音版第七十八章原文及译文

《道德经》注音版第七十八章原文及译文【原文】 天下莫柔弱于水,而攻坚强者莫之能胜,以其无以易之。弱之胜强,柔之胜刚,天下莫不知,莫能行。是以圣人云:受国之垢,是谓社稷主;受国不祥,是为天下王。正言若反。 【注音版】 天(tiān)下(xià)莫(mò)柔(róu)弱(ruò)于(yú)水(shuǐ), 而(ér)攻(gōng)坚(jiān)强(qiáng)者(zhě) 莫(mò)之(zhī)能(néng)胜(shèng), 以(yǐ)其(qí)无(wú)以(yǐ)易(yì)之(zhī)。 弱(ruò)之(zhī)胜(shèng)强(qiáng), 柔(róu)之(zhī)胜(shèng)刚(gāng),

天(tiān)下(xià)莫(mò)不(bù)知(zhī),莫(mò)能(néng)行(xíng)。 是(shì)以(yǐ)圣(shèng)人(rén)云(yún): 受(shòu)国(guó)之(zhī)垢(gòu), 是(shì)谓(wèi)社(shè)稷(jì)主(zhǔ); 受(shòu)国(guó)不(bù)祥(xiáng), 是(shì)为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)王(wáng)。 正(zhèng)言(yán)若(ruò)反(fǎn)。 【译文】 “天下莫柔弱于水,而攻坚强者莫之能胜,以其无以易之。” 世界上水是最柔弱的,但是它无坚不摧,没有什么能够胜过它,替代它。 “弱之胜强,柔之胜刚,天下莫不知,莫能行。”

弱能胜强,柔能胜刚,天下没有不知道的,但很少有认真做做到。 “是以圣人云:受国之垢,是谓社稷主;受国不祥,是为天下王。正言若反。” 因此圣人说:能够承担起全国屈辱的,才能称为一国之主。能够担当国家灾难的,才算是一国。真理听起来都不是很顺耳。 扩展阅读:《道德经》名言 1、天长地久。天地之所以能长且久者,以其不自生也,故能长生。是以圣人后其身而身先,外其身而身存,非以其无私邪?故能成其私。 【出处】《道德经》第七章。 【解释】天长地久,天地所以能长久存在,是因为它们不为了自己的生存而自然地运行着,所以能够长久生存。 2、上善若水。水善利万物而不争,处众人之所恶,故几于道。 【出处】《道德经》第八章。

《道德经》注音版第七十三章原文及译文

《道德经》注音版第七十三章原文及译文【原文】 勇于敢则杀,勇于不敢则活。此两者,或利或害。天之所恶,孰知其故?天之道,不争而善胜,不言而善应,不召而自来,坦然而善谋。天网恢恢,疏而不失。 【注音版】 勇(yǒng)于(yú)敢(gǎn)则(zé)杀(shā), 勇(yǒng)于(yú)不(bù)敢(gǎn)则(zé)活(huó)。 此(cǐ)两(liǎng)者(zhě),或(huò)利(lì)或(huò)害(hài)。 天(tiān)之(zhī)所(suǒ)恶(è),孰(shú)知(zhī)其(qí)故(g ù)? 天(tiān)之(zhī)道(dào),不(bù)争(zhēng)而(ér)善(shàn)胜(shèng),

不(bù)言(yán)而(ér)善(shàn)应(yìng), 不(bù)召(zhào)而(ér)自(zì)来(lái), 坦(tǎn)然(rán)而(ér)善(shàn)谋(móu)。 天(tiān)网(wǎng)恢(huī)恢(huī),疏(shū)而(ér)不(bù)失(shī)。 【译文】 “勇于敢则杀,勇于不敢则活。此两者,或利或害。” 勇于表现刚强者易于送命,善于表现柔弱的反而能够生存。此两者都是勇,但是却由表现方式不同,结果也不同。 “天之所恶,孰知其故?” 这就是自然规律,可又谁知天意呢? “天之道,不争而善胜,不言而善应,不召而自来,坦然而善谋。”

圣人也很难判断,自然规律是不争而取得胜利,不言而万物响应,不召而众生自来,淡然筹谋天下大事。 “天网恢恢,疏而不失。” 自然是广大无边的,所无不包,没有一点疏失。 扩展阅读:《道德经》价值影响 《道德经》内容涵盖哲学、伦理学、政治学、军事学等诸多学科,被后人尊奉为治国、齐家、修身、为学的宝典。它对中国的哲学、科学、政治、宗教等产生了深远的影响,体现了古代中国人的一种世界观和人生观。先秦诸子、中国人的文化思想等没有不受老子影响的,被华夏先辈誉为万经。《道德经》的影响也是多方面的,包括政治、文化、科学、宗教等等方面。据元朝时的不完全统计,先秦以来,研老注老著作至元朝时就超过三千余种,具有代表性的不少于一千种,从侧面说明了《道德经》的巨大影响。 扩展阅读:《道德经》名句 1、将欲歙之,必固张之;将欲弱之,必固强之;将欲废之,必固兴之;将欲取之,必固与之。是谓微明。 【出处】《道德经》第三十六章。

《道德经》全文解释

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不尚贤(不刻意招贤), 使民不争(使民众不去争名); 不贵难得之货(不稀罕难得之货), 使民不为盗(使民众不为盗)。 不见可欲(不见引发欲望的根源), 使心不乱(就不会产生动乱的动机)。 是以圣人之治(所以圣人的治理方法是): 虚其心、实其腹(普及虚心、养身的道理), 弱其智、强其骨(宣传弱智、强骨的好处),【注:弱者道之用】常使民无知无欲(常使人民深刻感悟无知无欲的益处), 使夫知者不敢为也(使那些自作聪明的人无用武之地)。 为无为(以无为的境界处理政务), 则无不治(国家就没有治理不好的理由)。 第四章 道冲(道似一个器皿), 似万物之宗(好像万物的根源), 渊兮(它浩瀚无边啊), 而用之或不盈(永远取之不尽)。 挫其锐(压制锋芒), 解其纷(解脱纷扰); 和其光(和顺光辉), 同其尘(混同尘垢)。 湛兮(高深莫测啊), 似若存(好像无处不在)。 吾不知谁之子(我虽然不知它的来源), 象帝之先(但它却先于上帝)。 第五章 天地不仁(天地超越仁的概念), 以万物为刍狗(任凭万物像草狗那样自生自灭); 圣人不仁(圣人超越仁的概念), 以百姓为刍狗(任凭百姓自作自息)。 天地之间(天地之间的一切生命), 其犹橐龠乎(犹如风箱一样), 虚而不淈(虚空但无穷尽), 动之愈出(越动付出愈多)。 多言数穷(言多必然有失), 不如守中(不如抱心守一)。

道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译

道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译 各位读友大家好!你有你的木棉,我有我的文章,为了你的木棉,应读我的文章!若为比翼双飞鸟,定是人间有情人!若读此篇优秀文,必成天上比翼鸟! 道德经全文及译文,老子道德经全文及翻译【老子·第一章】道可道,非常道。名可名,非常名[1]。无名天地之始;有名万物之母。故常无,欲以观其妙;常有,欲以观其徼。此两者,同出而异名,同谓之玄。玄之又玄,众妙之门。【注释】:[1]通常译为”可以说出来的道,就不是永恒不变的道”,强调道是不可言说的。但这样的翻译,等于一开始就剥夺了老子言说真道的可能性和可靠性。其实”常”字在《老子》中多为”通常”之意。另一方面,”道”字,到老子之时,已经用得很泛:有”道路”之意,如《易经》”履道坦坦,幽人贞吉”;有”王道”之意,如《尚书》”无有作好,遵王之道” ;有”方法”之意,如《尚书》”我道惟宁王德延”;又有”言说”之意,如《诗经》”中之言,不可道也”。《尚书序》(相传为孔子所作)说:”伏牺、神农、黄帝之书,谓之三坟,言大道也。少昊、颛乙、高辛、唐、虞之书,谓之五典,言常道也”。这里用了”常道”一词,指一般的道理。又有冯友兰先生考证说,古时所谓道,均为人道,到了老子才赋与道形而上学的意义。可见,老子要宣示上天大道,必须一开始就澄清概念,强调他下面要讲的道,绝非人们一般常指的道,不是一般的道理,即非”常道”,而是……是什么呢?就要听老子娓娓道来了。【翻译】:道可以说,

但不是通常所说的道。名可以起,但不是通常所起的名。可以说他是无,因为他在天地创始之前;也可以说他是有,因为他是万物的母亲。所以,从虚无的角度,可以揣摩他的奥妙。从实有的角度,可以看到他的踪迹。实有与虚无只是说法不同,两者实际上同出一源。这种同一,就叫做玄秘。玄秘而又玄秘啊!宇宙间万般奥妙的源头。【老子·第二章】天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相和,前后相随。恒也。是以圣人处无为之事,行不言之教;万物作而弗始,生而弗有,为而弗恃,功成而不居。夫唯弗居,是以不去。【翻译】:1天下的人都知道以美为美,这就是丑了。都知道以善为善,这就是恶了。2有和无是相互依存的,难和易是相互促成的,长和短互为比较,高和下互为方向,声响和回音相呼应,前边与后边相伴随。3所以,圣人从事的事业,是排除一切人为努力的事业;圣人施行的教化,是超乎一切言语之外的教化。他兴起万物却不自以为大,生养而不据为己有,施予而不自恃其能,成了也不自居其功。他不自居其功,其功却永恒不灭。【老子·第三章】不尚贤,使民不争;不贵难得之货,使民不为盗;不见可欲,使民心不乱。是以圣人之治,虚其心,实其腹,弱其志,强其骨。常使民无知无欲。使夫智者不敢为也。为无为,则无不治。【翻译】:不崇尚贤能之辈,方能使世人停止争斗。不看重珍奇财宝,方能使世人不去偷窃。不诱发邪情私欲,方能使世人平静安稳。所以,圣人掌管万民,是使他们

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《道德经全文注释》第1-10章 第一章众妙之门 【原文】 道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名。无,名天地之始;有,名万物之母。故常无,欲以观其妙;常有,欲以观其徼(jiào) 。此两者,同出而异名,同谓之玄(xuán) 。玄之又玄,众妙之门。 【译文】 人间道很多,不是永恒的道;人间名很多,不是永恒的名。无,是天地的开始;有,是万物的母亲。永恒的无,可以观察道的奥妙;永恒的有,可以观察事物的终端。有和无,是同一根源而名称不同,都叫玄妙。玄之又玄,众妙之门。 【悟道心得】 1、“道”是万有一切所依归及开启的奥秘之门! 2、“无”是道的存在方式,天下万物从无中衍生,掌握“有”和“无”的方法,顺天应人,方可大自在。 3、人在自然中生,人在自然中亡。人间事物,原只是自自然然的生长,不必在乎,但也不是不在乎。要懂得自然自如。 4、遇到事情,要有沉默而冷静的思考,不必急于表白。只要问心无愧也就可以了。

5、“道”的门是为宁静而敞开的,喧哗的人们就让他们喧哗吧!不是不去管他,而是要用沉静去管,管他就要先自在。 6、人类与自然大道本为一体,远离自然大道。 第二章有无相生 【原文】 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶(a) 矣(yǐ);皆知善之为善,斯不善矣。故有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相和(ha) ,前后相随,恒也。是以圣人处无为之事,行不言之教。万物作而弗(fú) 始,生而弗有,为而不恃(shì) ,功成而弗居。夫唯弗居,是以不去。 【译文】 天下皆知美自称为美,就有丑了;皆知善自称为善,就有不善了。因此有与无相互生成,难与易相互促成,长与短相互显形,高与下相互补充,音与声相互和谐,前与后相互随从,这是永恒的规律。所以圣人做无为之事,行不言之教。万物生长而不加干预,生养万物而不占为己有,为万物尽力而不思图报,功成而不自居。正因为不居功,他的功绩就不会失去。 【悟道心得】 1、道的最高境界就是无,色的最高境界就是空。

《道德经》全文拼音注释

道德经 上篇道经《老子》第一章 【解释】道,可以说出来的,就不是永恒的道;名,可以叫出来的,就不是永恒的名。无,是天地原始的名字;有,是产生万物的名字。所以常从“无”中,去观察道的奥妙。常从“有”中,去观察道的运行。这两者是同一个来源,只是名称不同。都可说是含义深远。深远再深远,就是一切奥妙的总门。 《老子》第二章 【解释】天下都知道美的就是美的,就是因为有丑的了。都知道善的就是善的,就是因为有恶的了。所以,有和无互助产生,难和易互相形成,长和短互相包容,高和下互相包容,音和声互助谐和,前和后互助跟从。因此,圣人以无为处理事务,实行无言的教导,万物自己发生变化而不为它开头。生长了万物,而不据为己有,抚育了万物而不自恃己能,成功了而不居功。正是因为不居功,所以功绩不会失去。 《老子》第三章 【解释】不推崇有才能的人,免得人民竞争,不珍视难得的货物,不让看到人民去当盗贼。不让看到可以引起贪欲的事物,使民心不被扰乱。因此圣人治理天下,使天下人心里空空的,吃得饱饱的,没有争强逞能的志向,身体棒棒的,经常使人民没有心智和欲望使那些有心智的人也不敢妄为。用无为的原则办事,就没有办不成的事。 《老子》第四章 【解释】道是空虚的,而作用却是没有穷尽的。深远的很呐,好象是万物的宗主。挫灭锐气,解脱纠纷,涵蓄光亮,混同垢尘。幽隐的很呐,似亡而实存。我不知道它是从哪里产生的,有天帝之前就有它。 《老子》第五章 【解释】天地无所谓仁慈,任凭万物自生自灭;圣人无所谓仁慈,任凭百姓自生自灭。天地之间不正象个风箱吗虽然空虚,但不短缺,越拉动它风量越多。说的多了就行不通了,还不如保持适中的态度。 《老子》第六章 【解释】空虚是永恒存在的,这叫做深奥的母性。深奥的母性。是天地的根源。它连绵不断地存在着,其作用无穷无尽。 《老子》第七章 【解释】天长地久。天长地久所以能够长期存在,因为它生存不是为自己,所以能够长久生存。因此圣人把自己放在后面,反而站在前面,把自己置之度外反而得到保全。这不正是它不自私吗所以能达到自私的目的。 《老子》第八章 【解释】最上等的善要象水一样。水善于滋润万物而不与之争夺,停留在众人讨厌的低洼低方,所以最接近道。居住在善于选择地方,存心善于保持深沉,交友善于真诚相爱,说话善于遵守信用,为政善于有条有理,办事善于发挥能力,行动善于掌握时机。正因为他与事无争,所以才不会招惹怨恨。 《老子》第九章 【解释】端的满满的,不如适可而止。磨的尖尖的,锐利难保长久。金玉满堂,不可能长期守住。因富贵而产生骄傲,就会给自己带来灾害。成功了就急流勇退,这才合乎自然的道理。《老子》第十章 【解释】精神与形体合一,能不分离吗聚集精气达到柔顺,能象婴儿吗洗清杂念,深入内省,

史上最全的老子《道德经》全文(翻译_)

《老子五千言》(道德经)全文及译解 前言: <为老子五千言正名>:2500多年前,老子避世隐居时路过函谷关,被关令尹喜挽留,相谈甚恰。尹喜深感老子讲的内容无比重要,恳请老子写下来以传后世。于是,老子写下了五千言。尹喜为了不让老子五千言失传,亲自操刀刻简,使老子之说得以传世,称为《老子》。 至于称老子五千言为《道德经》,是道教发展之后才出现的。先秦的韩非作《解老》、《喻老》。司马迁《史记》说言道德之事五千言。东汉顺帝时张道陵作《老子想尔注》。随着道教的发展,道教中开始称老子五千言为《道德经》,从曹魏王弼注释《道德经》可见一斑。 老子五千言博大精深,是中国文化之根。但是,在很长一段历史中,都把老子五千言称之为《道德经》,这实在是一种错误。因此,必须为老子五千言正名,定名为《老子》。 尊重历史,还老子五千言之名的本来面目。春秋战国,是我国历史上思想最为活跃的年代,百花齐放,百家争鸣,史称诸子百家。虽然,老子为诸子百家之源,在其上而不在其内,但传世之初也称之为《老子》。因此,将老子五千言定名为《老子》,才符合历史事实。 尊重老子,真实体现老子本人的意愿。老子在世之时,没有组织宗教团体。老子应邀而写的五千言,也并非宗教著作。后来,被道教奉为祖师,再后来被道教恭称为《道德经》。显而易见,《道德经》名字的出现,是道教发展的结果。在道教之内如何称呼老子五千言,那是宗教界的事情,但是在学术界应称老子五千言为《老子》,这才是尊重老子,因为这才符合老子本人的意愿。 尊重科学,准确反映老子五千言之内涵。老子五千言,包括“道”、德、修道、行道(圣人)四个方面内容,称为《道德经》没有完全反映老子五千言的内涵。因此,称为《老子》才能够准确地涵盖老子五千言的内容。 为老子五千言正名,定名为《老子》,既有利于弘扬中国传统文化,更有利于使老学发扬广大。 道的含义:1、构成世界的本体。2、创造宇宙的原动力。3、促使万物运转的规律。4、作为人类行为的准则。 总体上,道可以被认为是一切事物存在的根源,是自然界中最初的发动者,它具有无限的潜在力和创造力,天地间万物的蓬勃生机都是它发动和创造的,遵循着固有的规律。 无为的含义:通过无为产生有为。比如说“不尚贤”,就是建立一个良好的制度让人才脱颖而出,而不是让政府劳师动众地挖掘人才,导致民众为贤人之名争的头破血流。经济发展也是这样,只要政府创造一个良好的制度就可以,让人民自己去创造,政府不要插手搞计划经济或国有企业。政府主要是搞个好制度,为百姓服务,宏观调控,做一些基础设施建设和社会保障、教育、治安方面的事情。民间能做的事情尽量让民间去做。苏南模式比不过浙江模式就是这个道理。 现代的中国社会虽然已经呈现出了多元化的发展格局,政权力量的触角已经不能像过去那样无孔不入了,但是无为而治就是自由的说法并没有过时,想解决腐败问题吗?那就不要进行言论管制,让公民拥有充分的舆论监督的权利;想解决矿难欠薪等问题吗?那就不要干涉各种维权活动,让劳工们享有自发组织工会和参加集体谈判的权利;想解决国有企业的问题吗?那就公平的私有化,国家不要再去费思劳神;想建设公民社会扩大民主吗?那就不要一天光想着怎么领导人民,而是还公民结社、自治的种种权利……只有从有为开始,损之又损,不断扩大无为而治的范围,公民的自由度才能逐渐扩大,政府才能靠公民的自为实现无为而无不为,才能靠公民的自治实现无治而无不治。也只有这样,才能从根本上解决中央政府在反腐败、欠薪、国有企业、失地、矿难等等问题上事倍功半顾此失彼的尴尬局面。可以说,无为而治不仅是还公民们以自由,也是还政府以自由;不仅是还民间以自由,也是还官方以自由。司马迁说:“道家无为……旨约而易操,事少而功多”。

《道德经》全文 拼音 注释

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道德经原文及注解

道德经 上篇道经 第一章天地之始,万物之母 道可道,非常道; 名可名,非常名。 无,名天地之始; 有,名万物之母。 故常无,欲以观其妙; 常有,欲以观其徼。 此两者,同出而异名,同谓之玄。 玄之又玄,众妙之门。 第二章为而不恃,功成弗居 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶矣; 皆知善之为善,斯不善矣。 故有无相生,难易相成,长短相较,高下相倾,音声相和,前后相随,恒也。是以圣人处无为之事,行不言之教; 万物作而弗始,生而弗有,为而弗恃,功成而弗居。 夫唯弗居,是以不去。 第三章圣人之治,无为而治 不尚贤, 使民不争。 不贵难得之货,

使民不为盗。 不见可欲, 使民心不乱。 是以圣人之治, 虚其心, 实其腹, 弱其志, 强其骨, 常使民无知无欲, 使夫智者不敢为也。 为无为,则无不治。 第四章挫锐解纷,和光同尘道冲,而用之或不盈。 渊兮,似万物之宗。 挫其锐, 解其纷, 和其光, 同其尘。 湛兮似或存。 吾不知谁之子,象帝之先。 第五章多言数穷,不如守中天地不仁,以万物为刍狗。

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道德经上篇道经《老子》第一章 dào 道kě 可 dào 道, fēi 非 c hánɡ 常 dào 道。 mínɡ 名 kě 可 mínɡ 名, fēi 非 c hánɡ 常 mínɡ名。 wú无mínɡ 名 t iān 天 dì 地 z hī 之 s hǐ 始; yǒu 有 mínɡ 名 wàn 万 wù 物 z hī 之 mǔ 母。 ɡù故c hánɡ 常 wú 无, yù 欲 yǐ 以 ɡuān 观 qí 其 m iào 妙; c hánɡ 常 yǒu 有, yù 欲 yǐ以ɡuān 观 qí 其 j iǎo 徼。 cǐ此l iǎnɡ 两 z hě 者, t?nɡ 同 c hū 出 ?r 而 yì 异 mínɡ 名, t?nɡ 同 wai 谓 z hī 之 x uán 玄。 x uán 玄z hī 之 y?u 又 x uán 玄, z h?nɡ 众 m iào 妙 z hī 之 m?n 门。 【解释】道,可以说出来的,就不是永恒的道;名,可以叫出来的,就不是永恒的名。无,是天地原始的名字;有,是产生万物的名字。所以常从“无”中,去观察道的奥妙。常从“有”中,去观察道的运行。这两者是同一个来源,只是名称不同。都可说是含义深远。深远再深远,就是一切奥妙的总门。 《老子》第二章 t iān 天x ià 下 j iē 皆 z hī 知 měi 美 z hī 之 w?i 为 měi 美, sī 斯 a 恶 yǐ 已。 j iē 皆 z hī知s hàn 善 z hī 之 w?i 为 s hàn 善, sī 斯 bú 不 s hàn 善 yǐ 已。 yǒu 有wú 无 x iānɡ 相 s hēnɡ 生, nán 难 yì 易 x iānɡ 相 c h?nɡ 成, c hánɡ 长 d uǎn 短 x iānɡ 相 xínɡ 形, ɡāo 高x ià 下 x iānɡ 相 yínɡ 盈, yīn 音 s hēnɡ 声 x iānɡ 相 h? 和, q ián 前 h?u 后 x iānɡ 相 s uí 随 。h?nɡ 恒 yě 也。 s hì是yǐ 以 s hanɡ 圣 r?n 人 c hù 处 wú 无 w?i 为 z hī 之 s hì 事, xínɡ 行 bù 不 yán 言 z hī 之 j iào 教;wàn 万 wù 物 z u? 作 ?r 而 fú 弗 s hǐ 始, s hēnɡ 生 ?r 而 fú 弗 yǒu 有, w?i 为?r 而 fú 弗 s hì 恃, ɡōnɡ 功 c h?nɡ 成 ?r 而 bù 不 jū 居。 fū 夫 w?i 唯 fú 弗

《道德经》注音版第二十八章原文及译文

《道德经》注音版第二十八章原文及译文【原文】 知其雄,守其雌,为天下溪。为天下溪,常德不离,复归于婴儿。知其白,守其辱,为天下谷。为天下谷,常德乃足,复归于朴。知其白,守其黑,为天下式。为天下式,常德不忒,复归于无极。朴散则为器,圣人用之,则为官长,故大智不割。 【注音版】 知(zhī)其(qí)雄(xióng),守(shǒu)其(qí)雌(cí), 为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)溪(xī)。 为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)溪(xī),常(cháng)德(dé)不(bù)离(lí), 复(fù)归(guī)于(yú)婴(yīng)儿(ér)。 知(zhī)其(qí)白(bái),守(shǒu)其(qí)辱(rǔ),为(wéi)天

(tiān)下(xià)谷(gǔ)。 为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)谷(gǔ),常(cháng)德(dé)乃(nǎi)足(zú), 复(fù)归(guī)于(yú)朴(piáo)。知(zhī)其(qí)白(bái), 守(shǒu)其(qí)黑(hēi),为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)式(shì)。 为(wéi)天(tiān)下(xià)式(shì),常(cháng)德(dé)不(bù)忒(tè), 复(fù)归(guī)于(yú)无(wú)极(jí)。朴(piáo)散(sàn)则(zé)为(wéi)器(qì), 圣(shèng)人(rén)用(yòng)之(zhī),则(zé)为(wéi)官(guān)长(zhǎng), 故(gù)大(dà)智(zhì)不(bù)割(gē)。 【译文】 “知其雄,守其雌,为天下溪。”

道德经全文及注解

道德经全文及注解(一) 第一章 道可道,非常道。名可名,非常名。 无名,天地之始;有名,万物之母。 故常无欲,以观其妙;常有欲,以观其徼。 此两者同出而异名,同谓之玄。玄之又玄,众妙之门。 意译:“道”是可以用语言来讨论的,但通过语言这个不精确的工具表达出来的不是真正的永恒的“道”;姑且命名为“道”,但这并不是它真正的名字。“道”这个东西,本来是没有名字的,它是天地开创者;经过命名之后称之为“道”,它指的是管理我们这个世界的最高法则。不带着贪念,能体会到“道”的精妙;发挥人的主观能动性,能看到道与万物的精确关系。两者的名称虽然有差异,但是都是指向同一本体,它们同样令人惊叹,它们都是一个混沌。认识到混沌是客观事实和客观存在,是一切学问的开始。 深入探讨:这是给“道”命名的过程,也体现出语言的局限性,语言思维的局限性,非语言思维是很有价值的,笔者发现发展它的秘密在于开发右脑,而中国的教育似乎欠缺了这一点。右脑是一个值得开发的脑,例如右脑的非语言思维可以帮助我们悟“道”和高效记忆等等,右脑发达的人,才容易领悟到“道”的各种存在。一般情况下,

女人的右脑都比较发达,我们男士要加把劲才行,当然,男女都需要进步。^_^老子的“道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名”,也可以体现,第一,人的认识和思维能力具有局限性,以人的能力是几乎不可能认识理解到“道”级别规律的全部内涵的,最多认识到其中一部分和一些接近规律的并且带有局限性的一些理论,由人道出来的“道”不是精确的道,也不是全部的道;第二,人的语言有局限性的,语言是一种交流工具,同时也是制造虚伪的工具,比如你现在的心情,你可以用语言精确地表达出来吗?不行的,最多找一些比较接近实际情况的语言,可见偏差在这个时候就已经出现了,而且,听者对你所采用的语言的理解又未必同你的本意相同,可能别人对你用以表达心情的语言作出同你本意相反的理解,所以,语言虽然有它的作用,但有时其实是垃圾工具,自然地,“道”,是不能用语言这种并不高级的工具精确表现出来的,包括世界存在的任何规律亦然,人类的语言最多帮助交流的时候能够接近事实,而不能精确地表现事实。但是,我们也不能否定语言的价值,老子也没有贬低语言的价值,只是客观说明情况。高手的话,可以神似地用语言表达事物,《易经》、《道德经》这些,就是用语言文字神似地描述道的作品,否则,得道高人老子也不会采用语言的方式给我们这样的经典了。 第二章 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相和,前后相随。

道德经全文及注解

道德经全文及注解(一) 第一章 道可道,非常道。名可名,非常名。 无名,天地之始;有名,万物之母。 故常无欲,以观其妙;常有欲,以观其徼。 此两者同出而异名,同谓之玄。玄之又玄,众妙之门。 意译:“道”就是可以用语言来讨论得,但通过语言这个不精确得工具表达出来得不就是真正得永恒得“道”;姑且命名为“道”,但这并不就是它真正得名字。“道”这个东西,本来就是没有名字得,它就是天地开创者;经过命名之后称之为“道”,它指得就是管理我们这个世界得最高法则。不带着贪念,能体会到“道”得精妙;发挥人得主观能动性,能瞧到道与万物得精确关系。两者得名称虽然有差异,但就是都就是指向同一本体,它们同样令人惊叹,它们都就是一个混沌。认识到混沌就是客观事实与客观存在,就是一切学问得开始。 深入探讨:这就是给“道”命名得过程,也体现出语言得局限性,语言思维得局限性,非语言思维就是很有价值得,笔者发现发展它得秘密在于开发右脑,而中国得教育似乎欠缺了这一点。右脑就是一个值得开发得脑,例如右脑得非语言思维可以帮助我们悟“道”与高效记忆等等,右脑发达得人,才容易领悟到“道”得各种存在。一般情况

下,女人得右脑都比较发达,我们男士要加把劲才行,当然,男女都需要进步。^_^老子得“道可道,非常道;名可名,非常名”,也可以体现,第一,人得认识与思维能力具有局限性,以人得能力就是几乎不可能认识理解到“道”级别规律得全部内涵得,最多认识到其中一部分与一些接近规律得并且带有局限性得一些理论,由人道出来得“道”不就是精确得道,也不就是全部得道;第二,人得语言有局限性得,语言就是一种交流工具,同时也就是制造虚伪得工具,比如您现在得心情,您可以用语言精确地表达出来吗?不行得,最多找一些比较接近实际情况得语言,可见偏差在这个时候就已经出现了,而且,听者对您所采用得语言得理解又未必同您得本意相同,可能别人对您用以表达心情得语言作出同您本意相反得理解,所以,语言虽然有它得作用,但有时其实就是垃圾工具,自然地,“道”,就是不能用语言这种并不高级得工具精确表现出来得,包括世界存在得任何规律亦然,人类得语言最多帮助交流得时候能够接近事实,而不能精确地表现事实。但就是,我们也不能否定语言得价值,老子也没有贬低语言得价值,只就是客观说明情况。高手得话,可以神似地用语言表达事物,《易经》、《道德经》这些,就就是用语言文字神似地描述道得作品,否则,得道高人老子也不会采用语言得方式给我们这样得经典了。 第二章 天下皆知美之为美,斯恶已。皆知善之为善,斯不善已。 有无相生,难易相成,长短相形,高下相盈,音声相与,前后相随。恒

《道德经》注音版第二十六章原文及译文

《道德经》注音版第二十六章原文及译文【原文】 重为轻根,静为躁君,是以君子终日行不离辎重;虽有荣观,燕处超然。奈何以万乘之主,而身轻天下?轻则失臣,躁则失君。 【注音版】 重(zhòng)为(wéi)轻(qīng)根(gēn),静(jìng)为(wéi)躁(zào)君(jūn), 是(shì)以(yǐ)君(jūn)子(zǐ)终(zhōng)日(rì)行(xíng)不(bù)离(lí)辎(zī)重(zhòng);虽(suī)有(yǒu)荣(róng)观(guān),燕(yàn)处(chǔ)超(chāo)然(rán)。 奈(nài)何(hé)以(yǐ)万(wàn)乘(shèng)之(zhī)主(zhǔ), 而(ér)身(shēn)轻(qīng)天(tiān)下(xià)? 轻(qīng)则(zé)失(shī)臣(chén),躁(zào)则(zé)失(shī)君

(jūn)。 【译文】 “重为轻根,静为躁君” 稳重可以主宰轻浮,因为它是根。宁静可以主宰急躁,因为它是君。 “是以君子终日行不离辎重” 所以圣人的行为都是以重为本。 “虽有荣观,燕处超然” 虽然有那么多华丽的物质享受,却能泰然处事,不受它的影响,顺其自然。 “奈何以万乘之主,而身轻天下?” 一个一国之君怎么可能以轻浮急躁的态度去治理国家呢? “轻则失臣,躁则失君。”

轻浮就要失去了根本,急躁就要失去了控制。 扩展阅读:《道德经》内容简介 《道德经》,又称《道德真经》、《老子》、《五千言》、《老子五千文》,是中国古代先秦诸子分家前的一部著作,为其时诸子所共仰,传说是春秋时期的老子(李耳)所撰写,是道家哲学思想的重要来源。道德经分上下两篇,原文上篇《德经》、下篇《道经》,不分章,后改为《道经》37章在前,第38章之后为《德经》,并分为81章。文本以哲学意义之“道德”为纲宗,论述修身、治国、用兵、养生之道,而多以政治为旨归,乃所谓“内圣外王”之学,文意深奥,包涵广博。 《道德经》的总字数因为版本不同而有所差异:马王堆帛书,甲本为5344字,乙本为5342字(外加重文124字);今本,河上公《道德经章句》为5201字(外加重文94字),王弼《老子道德经注》为5162字(外加重文106字),傅奕《道德经古本》为5450字(外加重文106字)。 现代《道德经》通行本,是以王弼所注,字数为5162字。 扩展阅读:《道德经》名言赏析 一,合抱之木,生于毫末;九层之台,起于累土。——《道德经.第六十四章》

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