第一章并列平行结构
英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的.
从今天开始我们就由浅入深，来对这一类型的句子进行练习和攻克。希望大家通过练习能掌握分析这类句式的一般规律和方法。
Exercise
Keeping your head, instead of crowding and pushing to get to an exit, may make the different between life and death when fire breaks out.
The way space is used to enable the individual to achieve privacy, to build homes or to design cities is culturally influenced.
And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people that most animals are harmless, that thousands of travelers fly safely every day, and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：句中主语为动名词短语“Keeping……” “crowding”和“pushing”两个动名词是并列平行结构。
参考译文：当火灾发生时，保持冷静，不要向安全出口乱挤乱拥，这样就会使生与死的机会截然不同。
要点：主语the way 有一个很长的定语从句修饰，定语从句中有三个并列的不定式短语作动词“is used”的目的状语即to achieve privacy， to build homes，和to design cities。本句的主干部分为：The way is culturally influenced。
参考译文：怎样利用空间实现个人隐私，修建住宅及规划城市都受到文化上的影响。
要点：neither…nor连接并列主语。“convince”后接“people”作宾语，另外三个“that……”从句并列作convince 的宾语，其中最后一个“that……”从句前省略了“that”补齐则为（that）millions of……。参考译文：朋友们及家庭成员都无法说服恐惧症患者，使他们相信：多数动物对人无害，数以千计的旅行者每日都安全的飞行，数百万的人每天都安全地乘好几次电梯。
第一章并列平行结构
英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如 and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还
是占了相当大的比例的.
从今天开始我们就由浅入深，来对这一类型的句子进行练习和攻克。希望大家通过练习能掌握分析这类句式的一般规律和方法。
Exercise
In whatever company, they may find persons and conversations more or less pleasing. At whatever table , they may find meat and drink of better or worse taste, dishes better or worse prepared.
Many workers stay at jobs they are too old for rather than face possible rejection.
But we remember with far greater pain that we did not see that beauty when it flowered, that we failed to respond with love when it was tendered.
要点分析和参考译文:
要点：这两句为对偶句，结构工整。In whatever company 意为"无论和什么人交往"不要误以为"不论在什么公司"。persons and conversations的定语后置。同样道理meat and drink，dishes 也都带有后置定语。
参考译文：无论和什么人交往，他们会发现有些人、有些谈话讨人喜欢，而有些则不然。同样，无论吃什么饭，酒和肉总有可口的和不可口的，菜肴的烹调亦总有优劣之分。
要点：they are too old for是定语从句修饰jobs。Rather than 前后为相同的语法成分即stay 和 face。
参考译文：许多工人宁愿守着因自己年老已不适合的工作，而不愿意去面对（再找工作时）可能会遇到的拒绝
要点：remember 后面有两个并列的宾语从句，一个是that we did not see……，另一个是that we failed to……。由于介词短语with far greater pain 的分隔和两个宾语从句又各带了一个状语从句，而使全句的结构变得较为复杂。
参考译文：可是，我们更痛苦的回忆是，我们没有看见鲜花怒放时的美丽，没有在别人对我们施以爱之时也以爱回报。
Exercise
We know that this is so, but all too often we recognize this truth only in our backward glance when we remember what it was and then suddenly realize that it is no more.
people think of cowboys as free people, unafraid to battle with wild animals, living close to nature, with the trees and the sky and the stars.
Clearly , science may involve not only careful observation but also a willingness to be creative; this may entail looking beyond existing paradigms governing research in a given area of study.
要点分析和参考译文
要点：此句又两个并列结构存在，一个使全局的主干结构，即由but连接的两个分句"we know……，but all too often we recognize……"；另一个是glance 后面跟着由and连接的两个并列的状语从句。这两个状语从句在实践上存在着先后顺序，在结构上是一个对偶句，而且第二个状语从句得主语省略，即when we remember what it was and then suddenly (we) realize that it is no more。
参考译文：我们大家都知道这是实际情况。可我们却常常只是再回首往事想起它当时的情景时才认识到，并且此时我们会突然发现它已不复存在了。
要点：句中谓语动词为一短语"think of …… as", 后接名词短语" free people"及形容词短语"unafraid to battle with wild animals"并列作cowboys的宾语补足语。分词短语"living……"及介词短语"with the trees……" 做伴随及方式状语。
参考译文：人们把牛仔看成是自由自在的人，毫不惧怕与野兽搏斗，在大自然的怀抱中生活，与树木，天空及星斗共存。
要点：此句是由;号链接在一起的两个独立的句子，是一个并列的结构。第二个分句的主语this 指的应该是前面的整个句子的含义，否则会出现理解上的偏差。Existing paradigms 是介词beyond 的宾语，而governing research 是paradigms的定语。
参考译文：可见，科学包括的不仅是仔细观察，而且还包括乐于去创新，这就必须要超Exercise
The intentional termination of life of one human being by another - mercy killing (安乐死) - is contrary to that for which the medical profession stands and is contrary to the policy of the American Medical Association.
Put them all together, exalt（提高）them above their present imperfections, add to them the vision of humankind redeemed, forever free of need and strife（争议）and you have a future lighted with the radiant colors of hope.
More than three million people live in inner London, and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area, which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London
要点分析和参考译文
要点：句子主干有两个并列的谓语部分，即" is contrary to……and is contrary to……。" 词组mercy killing 是对前面内容的概括。for which the medical profession stands 是"that"的定语从句。
参考译文：有意识的结束一个人的生命--安乐死--既违反了医学界的职业立场，也违反了美国医学会协会的宗旨。
要点：此句的主干是一个由and 连接的并列结构。第一部分有几个并列祈使句组成，第二部分是一个完整的主谓结构，全句主干即"Put…exalt…，forever free … strife and you have a future…colors of hope。由于第一部分并列祈使句较长而第二部分较短，而且连接两部分的and前面有存在着另外一个and（need and strife）从而致使句子的结构较复杂，不易看出主干的并列结构。
参考译文：把这一切集合起来，加以提高，使之超越现存的缺点，再加上人类得到拯救的憧憬，永远无求无争，那么你将有一个闪耀着希望的绚丽多彩的未来。
要点：全句为并列复合句。 "and"连接并列句。第二个句子是主从复合句。"which"引出非限制性定语从句，修饰"area"。"that " 引出限制性定语从句，修饰 "villages"。"what" 引出名词从句作"form"的宾语
参考译文：三百多万人口居住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人口居住在周围的郊区--这些郊区由原来分散的村庄构成，逐步形成如今被称为的外伦敦。
英语四级阅读真题长难句解析18 86. As the trade winds lessen in strength, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5℃. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为复合句。主句为the ocean temperatures rise。as 引导时间状语从句。现在分词短语causing…作伴随状语。as much as是比较结构，意为“和……一样”。 【译文】随着信风强度的减弱，海洋温度升高，导致了秘鲁寒流从东部流入，温度上升了5摄氏度。 87. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. (2006年6月) 【分析】本句为简单句。句子主干为The system was launched and has been hailed。介词as 在这里意为“作为，当作”。 【译文】州际公路体系最终在1956年开建，并被称道为那个世纪最伟大的工程之一。 88. He says it would only take him a few minutes to teach a person how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools. (2006年6月)
I. For example, adolesce nt boys are more likely to buy computer games tha n any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than 引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】1)likely adj.可能的；常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能做 He' s very likely to send me an email tonight. =It ' s very likely that he ' ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 The company is likely to set up a branch in our city. =It ' s likely that the compa ny will set up a branch in our city. 这个公司可能要在我们的城市建立分公司。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can ' t follow these instructions -- they don ' t make sense. 我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们把句子看了一遍，但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸弓丨；appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干 某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don ' t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色，而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sin cerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the in formatio n we n eed. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other …，意为"比其他任何一个......... "，所谈论的 对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger tha n any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。
1. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 2) 【译文】学习中应该包括具有启发性的娱乐这一观点对于大部分学术机构而言似乎是愚蠢的，但事实的确如此。 【析句】本例句的难点在于寻找主句的主干。很明显，主句由but连接两个并列句组成，but 后的句子that is nonetheless the case是简单句。but前的句子主句是the notion would seem merely silly to the greater part of the academic establishment，to在这里作介词，这一介宾结构提前放在了谓语动词seem后，容易让人误以为是短语seem to的用法，结果导致理解失误。最后主句主语the notion有that引导的定语从句修饰。 2. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since depression began. (200 3. 阅读. 6. Text 3) 【译文】从事成人教育的公共机构已经因为经济萧条开始以来席卷全国的趋势而陷入困境。【析句】例句2的句子结构并不复杂，主句the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide, that has swept over them...作定语从句修饰the tide, 而定语从句中，又有since引导的时间状语从句，这个时间是修饰swept over这个动作的。 3. A new high-performance contact lens under development at the department for applied physics at the University of Heidelberg will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision as much as five times, making people's vision sharper than that of cats. (2003. 阅读. 6. Text 4) 【译文】海德堡大学应用物理系正在研究的高水平新型隐形眼镜不仅能矫正普通的视力问题，还能把正常夜间视力提高五倍，使人的视力比猫还要敏锐。 【析句】复合句。主句是A new high-performance contact lens will not only correct ordinary vision defects but will enhance normal night vision, 可以看出，主句的主干是not only...but(also)结构连接前后两个并列句，contanct lens后有几个介词短语点明了研究的地点。最后，making people's vision...是现在分词引导结果状语。
四级长难句分析 在大学英语四级考试的阅读理解中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 首先我们先来了解制造长句的几个要点 一词汇：核心词汇+普通词汇 二语法结构 1．从句：定语、同位语、表语、宾语、状语 2．并列结构 3．插入语 4．倒装 5．强调 6．省略：分词作定语，独立主格结构 2008-6 1．But the real truth is that we don't know enough to relieve global warming, and —— without major technological breakthroughs —— we can't do much about it. 2. The trouble with the global warming debate is that it has become a moral problem when it's really an engineering one.
3．Privacy economist Alessandro Acauisti has run a series of tests that reveal people w ill surrender personal information like Social Security numbers just to get their hands on a pitiful 50-cents-off coupon(优惠卷) 4. The digital bread crumbs(碎屑) you leave everywhere make it easy for strangers to re construct who you are, where you are and what you like. 2007-12 4．The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. 5. Because I know very little about farm animals who use tools or angels who go to first grade, I had to accept the fact that I was co-opting my daughter’s experience. 6. While stepping back was difficult for me, it was certainly a good first step that I will quickly follow with more steps, putting myself far enough away to give her room but close enough to help if asked. 2007-6 7. While you need to employ both to get to a finished result, they cannot work in parallel no matter how much we might like to think so.
英语四级考试复杂长难句分析(二) 导读：本文英语四级考试复杂长难句分析(二)，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 第一章并列平行结构(二) 英语句子最常用的方法是通过使用一些关联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表达一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的. 1. More than three million people live in inner London,and nearly five million people live in the surrounding suburban area,which is made up of formerly separate villages that have merged to form what is now called outer London. 要点:全句为并列复合句。“and”连接并列句。第二个句子是主从复合句。“which”引出非限制性定语从句，修饰“area”。“that”引出限制性定语从句，修饰“villages”。“what”引出名词从句，作“from”的宾语。 参考译文：三百多万人口居住在伦敦市区，将近五百多万人口居住在周围的郊区——该地区由原来分散的村庄构成，逐步形成如今被称为的外伦敦。 2. Then I remembered how often I,too,had been indifferent to the grander of each day,too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all. 要点：此句存在着一个“too…to…”结构，即“too preoccupied with petty and sometimes even mean concerns to respond to the splendor of it all”。注意：“I,too,had
在阅读中，尤其是在试卷阅读理解C、D篇中，长难句是必然会出现的，而对长难句的理解会直接影响我们的阅读成绩。那么，一定的长难句分析训练是必须的，具体该怎么做呢？老师分享一些示例来帮助大家学会分析长难句！ 01 For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【句式翻译】例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】本句是一个含有so引导表示结果的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 1)likely adj. 可能的，常用于句型：sb/sth be likely to do= it is likely that…可能…… He’s very likely to send me an email tonight.=It’s very likely that he’ll send me an email tonight. 很可能他今晚会给我发电子邮件。 2) make sense 有意义；讲得通；make sense of 理解 I can’t follow these instructions -- they don’tmake sense.
我不理解这些指示--根本讲不通嘛。 We read the sentence through, but could not make sense of it. 我们我们把句子看了一遍, 但不明白它说些什么。 3) appeal to 吸引； appeal to sb. for sth/appeal to sb. to do sth 呼吁某人干某事；求助于 Blue and red appeal to me, but I don’t like gray or yellow. 我喜欢蓝色和红色, 而不喜欢灰色或黄色。 Jack sincerely appealed to his friends to support him. 杰克真切地向朋友请求支持。 We can appeal to the website for the information we need. 我们可以在网上查找我们需要的信息。 【语法点拨】本句中的than any other…，意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 02
历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析 阅读是四级英语中重要的得分点和难点，对长难句的分析则决定了对阅读的彻底理解，也是学习语法，积累高级词汇、句型不可或缺的来源。而四级英语真题阅读部分均选自Times、Telegraph等著名外文报纸及杂志，其行文和词汇原汁原味，值得考生细细品味和灵活借鉴。准备2015年6月英语四级的同学们，还等什么?赶快学起来吧! 历年大学英语四级真题阅读长难句分析（1） 1. For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】除了早期漂洋过海的旅行者或靠海谋生的人之外，对大多数人来说，大海是遥远的，没有必要提出太多问题，更别说思考大海海底的东西了。 【析句】复合句，本句主干为the sea was remote and there was little reason to...，and连接两个并列句子，两个句子之间又有with the exception of...作伴随状语，伴随状语中又包含who earned a living from the sea定语从句修饰others。最后是习惯let alone...,注意let alone后的动词形式与前面主句动词形式相同。 2. The first time that question "What is at the bottom of the oceans?" had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. (1990. 阅读. Text 1) 【译文】当有人建议铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报光缆的时候，出于商业动机，人们才不得不首次回答这个问题“海底有什么东西”。 【析句】本句话的难点在于主从句成分的区分。主句为The first time was when the laying...was proposed, when引导表语从句，而that question had to be answered with...则是定语从句修饰the first time。 3. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea. (1990. 阅读. Text 1)
高中英语阅读英语长难句分析方法 在阅读中，我们经常会遇到一些长而难的句子。长难句通常含有较多、较长的修饰成分、并列成分或从句。长难句的丰富内容和复杂结构往往会导致理解的困难。理解长难句的关键是了解长难句的类型，理清句子成分，抓住句子中的关键部分。 一、长难句的分类 1、带有较多成分的简单句。如： Having chosen family television programs and women’s magazines，the toothpaste marketer，for instance，must select the exact television programs and stations as well as the specific women’s magazines to be used. 例如，决定选择家庭电视节目和妇女杂志后，牙膏经销商还必须挑选出要用的确切的电视节目和电视台，以及那些具体的妇女杂志。 在这个有30多个词的简单句中，动词-ing形式短语用作时间状语，不定式to be used修饰的不仅是women’s magazine，而且还修饰television programs and stations. exact television同时修饰programs和stations两个词，这在翻译中可以看出来。插入语for instance把主语和谓语分隔开了。 2、含有多个简单句的并列句。如： In the 1970s he was a surgeon at Yale，had a wonderful wife and five beautiful children，but he was terribly unhappy.在20世纪70年代，他在耶鲁当外科医生，有位出色的太太和5个漂亮的孩子，但他那时过得却很不开心。 在第二个并列句中，即在had前面省略了and he. Discrimination(歧视) isn’t their only concern；almost everyone testing positive for the Huntington’s gene(基因) develops symptoms(症状) during middle age， and doctors can do nothing to help. 担心受到歧视并不是他们唯一的忧虑，几乎所有遗传性亨廷顿病基因检测呈阳性的人在中年时症状都会显现出来，而医生对此却无能为力。 三个分句均为简单句，分别用分号和and连接。 3、含有多个从句的复合句。如： I can’t live in fear of the possibility that as the earth’s population grows and we use more and more of our nonrenewable(不能再生的) resources，our
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(13) 倒装结构 英语中有时为了强调突出某一句子成分，或当否定词出现在句首时，或是由于同上文衔接等的缘故，常常采用倒装的结构，即：把正常的主+谓+宾(表)+补+状的语序打乱，把应该在后面出现的成分提到前面去，如：谓语出现在主语前面，谓语、宾语出现在主语前面，或状语放在句首等。简单句中的倒装较容易辨认，但在长句中当同其他的句子结构混在一起时，倒装结构的辨认就有一定的困难，有时会误认为是其他的句子成分，如：分句独立结构，定语等，导致错判全句的主干，形成理解障碍。 Exercise We could not offer you that post without the responsibility, neither could we ask you to accept the one or two other vacancies of a different type which do exist, for they are unsuitable for someone with your high standard of education and ability. Along with this disparagement of a compliment is the American tendency to laugh at one's own mistakes and admit one's weaknesses. The Chinese had trained messengers on horseback and runners before 1100 B.C.,as did the ancient Persians, Greeks and Romans. 要点：neither后面用的是倒装语序(could we)。which do exist 的先行词为vacancies，但被of a different type 隔开。exist后面是一个由for(等立连词)引导的原因状语从句，用来作附加说明。 1
精品文档 高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 吉林市第一中学孙家宁 一、找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如：Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans，he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment -although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. ［简析］此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed-he，ordered-he，（should）not be used-federal-funds，had proposed-no one，asked-he（asked前面有and，说明asked 与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列）。这一句的主干为“he ordered...and asked...”，“Declaring that...”作状语。句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 二、提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如：First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Eco-lab Polytechnique. ［简析］本句夹杂分词短语、动名词及两个定语从句。“First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century”为过去分词短语作状语；“including...”为介词短语作状语；“who made...and who had to...”为两个并列的定语从句，修饰a French woman scientist。所以句子的主干为the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds此为主要信息。句意：这个定理，先是由十七世纪法国数学家Pierre de Format提出，曾使一批杰出的数学大师为难，其中包括一个法国女科学家，她在解决这个难题方面取得了重大的进展。为了能够在Ecolab Polytechnipue理工学院学习她曾女扮男装。 三、寻关联，辨逻辑 一些长句其实是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句。而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词，就能够分辨出句与句之间的逻辑关系，分别弄清主句的意义和从句的意义，则长句就容易对付得多了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中的常见的关联词谙熟于心。Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to 精品文档
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析(16) 分词和从句 分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)和分词短语在英语中使用非常 普遍，在句子中可以充当补语,定语,状语等成分。在成分复杂的句子中，有时分词的出现易同谓语动词的被动式或者进行时搞混，造成句子主干的判断错误。带有自己主语的分词独立结构由于同非限制性定语从句和插入语一样需要逗号同句子的其他成分分开，因此常会误认为是非限制性定语或插入语。有些从句，尤其是定语从句，其形式变化很多，在句子中也易同其他句子成分混淆。 Excrise Someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more congnitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. When building space on the ground becomes scarce use must be made of the space in the air. When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some way does not live up to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. 要点：句首的someone后有介词短语with a history of doing more rather than less 对其进行修饰。第二个someone后有一个定语从句
英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析 英语四级阅读中有些长难句非常难理解，其实理解英语四级阅读长难句的最好方法就是学会分析句子的结构，下面一起来学习一下英语四级阅读长难句句子结构分析，希望对各位有所帮助。 Exercise I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street. The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family. With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association. 要点：让步状语though not again at 10 Downing Street 被插入语she reminded me所分隔。而且该让步状语是一个省略的结构，全句应为though(it will) not(be)again at 10 Downing Street. 还应看出让步状语所转达的意思正是插入语的宾语所要转达的意思。she reminded me (it will not be again at 10 Downing Street)。省略和插入的使用使全句的意思得以很好地衔接连贯、结构紧凑，无多余的成分。 参考译文：我打算不久和她在英国见面，不过她提醒我地点不再是唐宁街十号了。 要点：此句话的主谓被很长一段定语成分所分隔，句子主干应是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family”，由于主干中的is前没有逗号分开，而且前面又出现了一个is imminent，还由于同主语The cessation拉开的距离太远，所以不容易很快找到。When前面的部分如果不注意很容易错误地理解为一个句子，即“The cessation...means to prolong the life of body.”实际上means是个名词，意为“方法，手段”，不是动词“意味着”。而且means前面有个形容词extraordinary作定语，不可能是动词，尽管意思上说得通。when引导的状语从句里带了一个定语从句that biological death is imminent，它们一起插入了主语和谓语之间。把means错当动词和状语带定语的插入使得整句的结构复杂化了，致使主干句的主谓不容易看出来。 参考译文：在有不可反驳的证据表明病人即将进入生理死亡时，停止采取非常措施来延长其生命应该由病人和(或)其直系亲属来作出决定。
高考英语阅读理解长难句分析详解 第一节：找谓语，定主语 一般情况下，一个谓语形式的动词对应其动作的发出者（主语），我们可以根据谓语动词的意义来确定其主语。而且，如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语形式的动词，则该句可以是并列句或复合句（并列谓语动词的情况除外）。如Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment --- although no one had proposed to do so and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning. 【简析】此句中的谓语形式的动词及其对应的主语有：was opposed --he; ordered--he; (should) not be used ---federal--funds; had proposed --- no one; asked--he (asked前面有and, 说明asked与前面某个谓语动词并列，根据逻辑意义asked应与ordered并列)。这一句的主干为“he ordered... asked ....”, “Declaring that...”作状语。 句意：他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的蓄牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验——尽管还没有人建议这么做——他还请一个普林斯顿大学校长Harold Shapiro 为首的独立专家组在90天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。 第二节：提主干，去枝叶（从句等） 一般情况下，一个句子中的主句所表达的信息为主要信息，从句所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来，就不能完全把握句子的核心意义，从而导致思维混乱，主次不分。如： First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Format in the 17th century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习
大学英语四级考试长难句翻译练习 英语句子最常见的方法是经过使用一些关 联词，如and、or等，或标点符号如：分号，逗号，破折号等，若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的单词、词组或子句连在一起组成一种并列或平行结构的长句，以表示一个复杂得多层次含义。这种句式虽然难度不一定很高，但在复杂长句中还是占了相当大的比例的. Classroom ： 1. Now,Shaw is exaggerating,but there is something in what he says,and the question is worth following up,for the sake of the light it throws on modern knowledge。 要点：本句是由并列连词but，and引导的并列复合句。在第三个分句中it throws on modern knowledge是定语从句，修饰名词light，定语从句的引导词that被省略。“throw light on sth.”的意思是“make sth. clear”。 参考译文：当然萧伯纳是言过其实了，但她所说的也确实有些道理，这一问题值得进一步探
讨，因为它会帮助人们看清现代知识的真实情况。 2.It was mostly he who talked and he seemed afraid to stop for fear she’d ask him to leave her by herself. 要点：这是一个由and连接的并列复合句。And前面的句子是强调句，强调的成分是he。for fear(that)=in order that…should not happen意为“生怕，以免”，to leave her by herself=to leave her alone。 参考译文：大部分时间都是她在讲话。她似乎害怕停下来，生怕话一停，她就会请她离开。 Exercise : 1. If you are a man,you can point out that most poets and men of science are male;if you are a woman,you can retort that so are most criminals. 要点：这是一个句型结构十分对称的并列复合句。“so are most criminals”是倒装结构，most
四级阅读理解难，难在长难句。如何破解长难句，是做好四级阅读理解的关键一环。破解长难句通常采用方法是找准主谓宾去除定状补，笔者认为，抓住长难句特点进行庖丁解牛是破解四级阅读理解长难句的又一制胜法宝。 四级阅读理解长难句有以下六大特点： 主语拉长 一般来讲，汉语主语比较简短。相比之下，英语中主语一旦拉长，就会增加读者的理解难度。 解决方法：有效分解主谓成分，断开之后各个击破。例如： The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears have also attracted more people to the region. （2005.6） 首先，把原句子分解为两个简单独立的句子： （1）The streams, lakes, meadows(草地), mountain ridges and forests that make the Poconos an ideal place for balck bears溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，使得Pocono 成为黑熊理想的栖息地 （2）have also attracted more people to the region. 吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。 其次，句子整合翻译：溪流、湖泊、草地、山脉、森林，这些不仅使得Pocono成为黑熊理想的栖息地，而且吸引了越来越多的人们来到这里。 分词短语打头，句子呈现三段（或三段以上）的长句式 分词短语（包括现在分词和过去分词）做状语，这一句式比较常见，读者阅读时由于要区分短语和主语之间的逻辑关系，所以理解上有难度。并且分词短语本身往往由于掺入了插入语成分，理解上就更为困难。 解决方法：理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与主语之间是主动关系；而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。