Unit 1~2 Mercantilism重商主义
Trade surplus 贸易顺差
Quota and tariff配额和关税
Zero-sum game零和博弈
Positive-sum game常和博弈
The theory of absolute advantage绝对优势理论The theory of comparative advantage 比较优势理论Factor endowments要素禀赋理论
Product life cycle 产品生命周期
Economies of scale 规模经济
First mover advantage先占优势
Barrier to entry进入(市场)壁垒
Porter’s diamond theory波特的钻石理论
National competitive advantage国家竞争优势
The department of commerce 商务部
Letter of credit信用证
Draft /bill of exchange 汇票
bill of lading B/L 提单
Sight draft即期汇票
Time draft 远期汇票
Banker ‘s acceptance 银行承兑
Trade acceptance商业承兑汇票
Countertrade 对等贸易
Barter 易货贸易
Switch trading 转手贸易
Offset 抵消
Counter purchase 互购贸易
Compensation trade 补偿贸易
1.波特钻石理论的主要内容
①Factor endowments ②Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry
③ Demand conditions ④Relating and supporting industries
2.对等贸易的主要类型和优缺点
①Types of countertrade
Countertrade has evolved into a diverse set of activities that can be categorized as five distinct types of trading arrangements: barter, counter purchase, offset, switch trading, and compensation or buyback
②The pros and cons of countertrade
优：
① The main attraction of countertrade is that it can give a firm a way to finance an export deal when other means are not available.
② Thus if a firm is unwilling to enter into a countertrade agreement, it may lose an export opportunity to a competitor that is willing to make a countertrade agreement.
缺：
① Countertrade contracts may involve the exchange of unusable or poor-quality goods that the firm cannot dispose of profitably
② In addition, even if the goods it receives are of high quality, the firm still needs to dispose of them profitably.
Unit 3
Strategic alliance 战略联盟
Licensing 许可证
Joint venture 合资经营
Contracting 承包经营
Partnership 合资人
Return on investment 投资回报率
Franchising 特许经营
Contract manufacturing 生产承包
Management contracting 管理承包
1.许可贸易的优缺点
优：
①The basic advantage in licensing as contrasted to other approaches is the ease and low cost of entering a foreign market.
②Licensing is also advantageous in that it can be used to test a foreign market without the risk of capital loss should the market not be receptive to the manufacturer’s product.
缺：
①The greatest disadvantages to the licensor are that a potential competitor is set up.
②There is a lack of control over production and marketing.
③There may be incomplete market exploration.
Unit 4
Foreign direct investment 外国直接投资
Small and medium-sized firms 中小企业
Horizontal FDI 横向外国直接投资
Vertical FDI 纵向外国直接投资
Product life cycle 产品生命周期
Backward vertical FDI 后移纵向外国直接投资
Forward vertical FDI 前移纵向外国直接投资
Transportation costs 运输成本
Market impediments 市场阻碍
Market power 市场力量
Oligopoly 寡头垄断
Specialized assets 特殊资产
1.影响横向对外投资的因素
①Transportation costs ②Market imperfections
④Following competitors ④The product life cycle
2.What are the impediments to the sale of know-how?
①Licensing may result in a firm’s giving away its technological know-how to a potential foreign competitor.
②Licensing does not give a firm the tight control over manufacturing, marketing, and strategy in a foreign country that may be required to profitably exploit tis advantage in know-how.
③A firm’s know-how may not be amenable to licensing.
Unit 5
Bretton Woods System 布雷顿森林体系
Fixed exchange rate 固定汇率制
OPEC 石油输出国组织Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Floating exchange rate regime 浮动汇率制
Plaza Accord 和平广场协议
Louvre Accord 卢浮宫协议
Foreign exchange market 外汇市场
European Monetary System 欧洲货币体系EMS
Exchange Rate Mechanism 汇率机制ERM
European Currency Unit欧元 ECU
Trade deficit贸易赤字
Real interest 实际利息
Balance of payment 收支平衡表
Forward market 期货市场
Swaps 掉期交易
1. 布雷顿森林体系/固定汇率制瓦解的主要原因
As the only currency that could be converted into gold, and as the currency that served as the reference point for all others
①It was financed by an increase in the money supply, which, in turn, led to a rise in price inflation from less than 4percent in 1966 to dose to 9 percent by 1968
②The rise in government spending had stimulated the economy
③Gave rise to speculation in the foreign exchange market that the dollar would be devalued
④Weakening dollars lose its credibility.
2. What are the reasons for the unexpected rise in the dollar between 1980 and 1985, and what are the reasons for the rapid fall of the US dollar between 1985 and 1987?
The reasons for the unexpected rise in the value of the dollar between 1980 and 1985:
①Strong economic growth in the US attracted heavy inflows of capital from foreign investors seeking high returns on capital assets.
②High real interest rate attracted foreign investors seeking high vellums on financial assets
③Political turmoil in other parts of the world.
The reasons for 1985 and 1987：
The fall in the value of the dollar between 1985 and 198 was caused by a combination of government intervention and market forces.
Unit 6
Common law 普通法
Code civil law 成文法
Roman law 罗马法
Industrial property right 工业产权
Act of god 不可抗力
Element forces of nature 天灾自然因素
Arbitration 仲裁
Conciliation 调节
Litigation 诉讼
World court at the Hague 海牙国际法庭
Tribunals for arbitration 仲裁庭
U.N. convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign
Arbitral/Awards 联合国承认和执行外国仲裁裁决公约
International Chamber of commerce 国际商会
1. What are the differences between two legal systems in solving commercial disputes?
①Under common law, commercial disputes are subject to laws which may be applied to either civil or commercial disputes since there is no specific recognition of commercial problems as such.
②Code law differs in that there is a separate code specifically designed for business
2. What are the procedures used by formal arbitration organizations? The usual arbitration procedure is for the parties involved to select a disinterested and informed party or parties as referee to determine the merits of the case and make a judgment that both parties agree to honor.
Unit 7
Intellectual property rights 知识产权
Trade mark copyright, patents, trade secrets 商标权，版权，专利权，商业秘密
Intangible assets, tangible assets 无形资产，有形资产
Trademark registration 商标注册
Generic terms 通称
Infringement 侵权
GATT 关贸总协定General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
1. What does intellectual property right consist of?
①It consists of the products of individual’s minds—products that result from intellectual, creative processes.
②Trademarks, copyrights and patents are all forms of intellectual property
Unit 8
The TRIPS agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协议
Need Hierarchy 需求层次理论
Self-reference criterion 自我参考标准
The adoption process 接纳过程理论
High-context cultures 高背景文化
Low-context cultures 低背景文化
Poly-chromic time 多元化时间观
Mono-chromic time 单一性时间观
Perception 观念
1. What are the characteristics of culture?
①It is not innate, but learned
②The various facts of culture are interrelated-touch a culture in one place and
everything else is affected.
③It is shared by the members of a group and defines the boundaries between
different groups.
2. What are the main contents of Need Hierarchy theory?
①Self-actualization ②Esteem ③Social ④Safety ⑤Physiological
3. What is the concept of adoption process? How many stages will a person undergo before he can finally purchase a new product? Adoption process─through which an individual passes from the time of his or her first knowledge of an innovation to the time of adopting or purchase of the innovation. These stages are as follows: ①awareness ②interest ③evaluation
④trial ⑤adoption
4. What are the adopter categories? What is the feature for early adopter?
Adopter categories are classifications of individuals within a market on the basis of their innovativeness. They include innovators、early adopters, the early majority, the late majority and laggards.
The future for early adopter: They tend to be younger, have higher social status and in a more favorable financial position than later adopter. They must be responsive to mass-media information sources and must learn about innovation form these sources because they cannot simply copy the behavior of earlier adopters.
Unit 9
Organizational behavior组织行为学
Multinational Corporation 跨国公司
Maquiladoras 马基拉朵拉工厂
Parochialism 地方主义
NAFTA 北美自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement
Kluckhohn-Strudtbeck framework 克拉克洪─斯托特柏克构架
Hofstede framework 霍夫斯诺德构架
BRICS 金砖五国巴西俄罗斯印度中国南非
APEC 亚太经合组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
1. Identify the sic cultural dimensions in the Kluckhohn-strodtbeck framework.
①Relationship to the environment ②time orientation
③nature of people ④Activity orientation
⑤focus of responsibility ⑥conception of space
2. Explain the dimensions of national culture in Hofstede framework.
①Individualism versus collectivism
②power distance
③uncertainty avoidance
④masculinity versus femininity
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》 (通用本课后练习答案) 第二册 UNIT ONE The Pleasure of Learning Key to the Exercises I. 1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B II. 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. T. 5. F. 6. T III. 1.对于太多的人来说,学习似乎是自己的意愿屈服于外界的指引,是一种奴役. 2.然而,只要幸运,有决心,指导得法,人的精神不仅经得起贫穷而且经得起富裕的考验. 3.对一个人来说,形成完整和协调的人格与保持自身的卫生,健康以及经济上的自立是同样必要的,那些从来没有认识到这一点的人已经吃尽苦头. IV. 1. First of all , the writer points out that there is a mistake about learning. Some young people dislike learning simply because they are educated in the wrong way. Learning is a natural pleasure that should be enjoyed. Then he develops this idea by examples to illustrate the different aspects: learning from books, by travel and trough practice. Learning can expand one’s knowledge over a period of time. 2. The chief danger of learning is laziness, sloth, routine, stupidity. It sneaks into people’s mind like wind through the shutters, causing people to slowly give up learning. We should realize that learning is a life-long endeavor, and only by continuous learning can one gain a meaningful and rewarding life. Key to the reading—skill Exercises 1. Students have improved SAT scores. 2. Teenagers planned patrols 3. TV programs are less thorough than newspapers. 4. Welcome to Our City is about the South and its people 5. Some films show little children fascinated at the world. 6. One can communicate with the writer as one reads a book. with Santa Claus Key to the Exercises I . 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B II. . 1. 朱莉让我们如此为难,我的确感到生气.难道圣诞老人不存在的事实不是从同学那里得知的吗 2.我给她讲述了事情的经过,尽量使它听起来滑稽有趣,希望她不要注意到我和杰里在处理我开始认为的"圣诞老人问题"上是如此拙劣. 3.我可以看出,他正努力在想一种办法,用来解释我们的行为,使其听起来不太像事实那样具有欺骗性,那样错误和愚蠢. 4.事情就这样结束了.对圣诞老人不存在的事实悲伤了片刻只后,生活又恢复了正常. III. 1. Santa Claus is an imaginary old man with a long white beard and a red coat.
Unit 1 part one Angel at Work Ⅰ Reading for information 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.A Ⅲ Summary 1.to transcribe his Sunday speeches /too much to handle 2.out of the blue/ share the inspiration 3.deliver the tape personally/the mystery of the arrangement 4.personal contact/spastic 5.asked for reward/full and dedicated Unit 2 part one My Miraculous Life Ⅰ Reading for information 1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6 C Unit 3 part one A Thief Ⅰ Reading for information 1.D 2.B 3.D 4.C.A 5.B 6 C Ⅲ Summary 1.the ticket counter/a leather coat 2.a cocktail bar/catches sight of a blonde girl/a Travellers Aid counter 3. a magazine/becomes aware of/jostling/blushes
4. lifted/back pocket 5. a front window/hand her over 6. wrong/bolts 7. has stolen Unit 4 part one Escape Artists Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.B 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.publishing/overseen 2.procrastinator/affected https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,ziness/desire/consistently/delay 4.funishes/reinforcing/subscribe 5.mismatch/sophisticated 6.solution/deploying/management Unit 5 part one For Big Bruno, a Man We Can Look Up to Ⅰ Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C Ⅲ Summary 1.hard work/pay off 2.Big Bruno/strong in stature/a gentle spirit 3.most patient/slow to get angry/a heart of gold
新世纪大学英语阅读教程（2）参考答案 Unit One PartⅠ Reading for Information Exercises Ⅰ Reading for Information A.Reading to find main ideas 1.A, 2. C, B. Reading to find major details 3. D, 4. B, C. Reading to find relevant facts 5. C, 6. A Ⅱ.Translation Translate the following sentences into Chinese 1.有一百份卷子要批，而且全是男孩们用潦草的字迹写成的，这事他已经拖了好几个星期 了。这些日子，他一直觉得头上仿佛悬着把剑。 2.我私下里已经花了一大笔钱来学习音乐了。 3.他的脸上挂满了汗珠。 4.没有哪个宣布判决的法官会比此时的谢卡夫更痛苦、更无助。 5.说出事实和接受事实同样需要勇气。 Ⅲ. Summary https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,plete the following statements with words and expressions from the box. Use their proper forms. 1.sun, straight in the face, blinking, dazed 2.morning, night, tempering truth, shock 3.truth, trials, wife, colleague, headmaster 4.apple pie, culinary masterpiece, good, swallow 5.fine, mean, selfish 6.singing, stupefied 7.frogs, buffalo, window shutters 8.strength, give, receive PartⅡ Reading for Pleasure Exercises Ⅰ. Answer the following questions. (The answers are open.) 1.Hell is not so terrible as most people think because it can be transformed into Heaven through hard work, courage, faith and love. The real Hell is in one’s heart. 2.Heaven is a land of beauty and peace, and it is the result of our hard work. 3.All those hardworking people with courage and determination can rest in Heaven after they die, because although they cannot all reach Heaven in the first place, they can build Hell into Heaven. 4.Those who are afraid of Hell and do not have courage to fight difficulties and disasters will end up in Hell.
to Exercises Key to Exercises Lesson1 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.B 5.A 6.C7.B8.B 3.(1)shield(2)playing(3)shield(4)personal(5)social (6)political(7)family(8)colleagues(9)stimulate 4.(1)blackboard(2)unconscious(3)time (4)ancestors(5)parents(6)reinvent B.Reading Strategies 1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.B10.A Lesson2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,prehension Check 1.A 3.C 4.B 5.A7.C8.B 2.(1)defines(2)failures(3)successful(4)beliefs 6.(1)picture(2)performing(3)replace(4)self-image (5)line(6)potential(7)short-change(8)better B.Reading Strategies 1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.B 9.C10.A Lesson3 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,prehension Check 1.C 2.A 3.B 5.A 6.B7.B8.A 4.(1)cultivate(2)granted(3)investigate(4)explore (5)major(6)exploration B.Reading Strategies 1.normalized 2.membership 3.threatening 4.publication 5.novelists 6.persuasion 7.personality 8.pressure 9.reluctance10.justify Lesson4 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,prehension Check 2.C 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.A 1.(1)crush(2)Brazil(3)intelligent(4)knockout B.Reading Strategies 1.distinguishable 2.psychological 3.effective 4.insistent 5.various 6.skinny 7.delightful 8.gloriously 9.financial10.amazing
《全新版大学英语阅读教程》(通用本)1-2册课后练习答案 UNIT ONE 1.Goodbye school Key to the Exercises I 1. B 2. D 3. D 4 D 5. C 6. A II 1. fling 2. supercilious 3. zoom 4. trudge 5. hoist Key to the Reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1: 1. B 2. D paragraph 2 1. D 2. A 2.The Saturday Evening Post Information Related to the Text Key to the Exercises I. 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. C II . 1. She wants him to make something of himself and have an early start to his career . 2. He was afraid of the dogs that snarled behind the doors of potential buyers . He was timid about ringing the doorbells of strangers , relieved when no one came to the door , and scared when someone did , and could not deliver an engaging sales pitch . 3. The battle to make him different from his father . 4. The well-written composition he wrote about his summer vacation . 5. Writers didn't have to have any gumption at all . 3. Love The Neighbor Key to the Exercises I . 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F II. 1.在我看来,美国的邻里关系正在变得不再融洽. 2.《圣经》里的戒律"热爱你的邻居"大概是一句拙劣的译文,它的本义必定是"尊敬你的邻居." 3.邻居开始共同做的唯一的一件事是相互接近,只有进一步发展关系,才有足够的理由成为最 好的朋友. 4.横跨在你们之间的车道,篱笆或栅栏并不真地就是一道冷漠的屏障,它们只不过是一条清晰 的分界线. 5.邻里较之社区更容易使人产生怀旧情绪,但社区也许是一个更好的构成单位. UNIT TWO 4.Making Friends in American Culture Key to the Exercises I. 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. C 6. D II. 1. Because there is a language barrier , many Chinese are hesitant to speak with strangers and they don't know what to talk to American about or how to keep the conversation moving . 2. His class and major . 3. These questions help people participate in the conversation . 4. When the other person first gives his name himself . 5. Communication . Key to the reading-skill Exercises Paragraph 1 : 1. C 2. A
一．Use the proper form to fit into each sentence below. (10*1′) 1. Spanish student s _________ U.S. students in science. (perform) 2. Don’t feel ___________to do what he says---he’s got no authority. (constrain) https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,u has shown herself to be a __________ defender of the poor. (passion) 4. Can we reach a ____________on the issue? (consensus) 5. The government has repeatedly _____that it will not change its policy. ( assert) 6. Inspectors will have to do a thorough _________of the project before we can continue. (evaluate) 7.They are currently ________at the bottom of the league. (languish) 8.One other possible method of smoothing would be to use means rather than______. (median) 9.We start with an ___________of the student’s abilities. (assess) 10.A nd while voting is protected against discrimination elsewhere in the constitution the actual right to vote is __________protected nowhere. (explicit)
卷A Genetically modified foods (or GM foods) are foods derived from genetically modified organisms. Genetically modified organisms have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. GM foods were first put on the market in the early 1990s. Typically, genetically modified foods are transgenic plant products: soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. Animal products have also been developed, although as of July 2010 none are currently on the market. Critics have objected to GM foods on several grounds, including safety issues, ecological concerns, and economic concerns. However, genetically-modified foods are here to stay. That’s not to say that food produced by conventional agriculture will disappear, but simply that food-buying patterns will polarize (两极分化): there will be a right market for conventional food just as there is for organic food. It may even be that GM food will become the food of preference because consumers come to appreciate the health benefits of reduced pesticide use. The reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep pace with the world’s predicted population growth to ten or eleven billion. It’s not just a quest ion of more mouths to feed either. What is often forgotten is that all these extra people will take up space, reducing the overall land available for agriculture. "Genetic modification is analogous to nuclear power: nobody loves it, but climate change has made its adoption imperative," says economist Paul Collier of Oxford University. "Declining genetic modification makes a complicated issue more complex. Genetic modification offers both faster crop adaptation and a biological, rather than chemical, approach to yield increases." The world has 800 million hungry people. Until now, food supplies have been increased by improved varieties, pesticides and artificial fertilizers: the green revolution. Now we’re on the edge of a new revolu tion: a genetic one. It may well be that in the long term it is the developing world that benefits most from GM foods. It’s true that for the next ten years or so GM crops may be too expensive. But the lesson of personal computers is applicable here — once the technology has been developed for profitable crops, it will spread and become affordable for all. This doesn’t mean, unfortunately, that famines will disappear, but severity and duration will be helped by an improved ability to produce and distribute food. 31. The introduction of GM food will affect _____. A) food-pricing standard B) food-buying patterns C) food-supplies scale D) food-production efficiency 正确答案：B 32 Consumers prefer GM food to conventional food because _____. A) GM food receives less pesticide application B) GM food is more nutritious than organic food C) GM food is cheaper than conventional food D) Conventional food is free from chemicals 正确答案：A 33. If the world population grows to ten or eleven billion by the year 2050, _____. A) a genetic revolution will take over the green revolution B) the overall land available for agriculture will run out C) the number of hungry people will rise to 800 million D) food production should be increased to three times that of today 正确答案：D
阅读教程答案 U1 Page 4 I. Reading for information 1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C II. Translation 1. 但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2. 他不会轻易发火，一有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他嘴他不会轻易发火，一有一颗金子般的心，里听到攻击或批评别人的话。里听到攻击或批评别人的话。 3. 常言道，善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过常言道，善行胜于善言。了他的言传。了他的言传。 4. 面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，持心气平
和？难道力气大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 持心气平和？难道力气大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5. 体育明星和歌星、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄” 体育明星和歌星、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄” 鼓舞人心这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲 那样，为了自己所爱的人这个头衔还是应该留给像我父亲那样，孜孜不倦的工作的人。孜孜不倦的工作的人。 III. Summary 1. hard work; pays off 2. Big Bruno; strong in stature; a gentle spirit 3. most patient; slow to get angry; a heart of gold; a lot of friends 4. a role model; a true friend; a treasure 5. hero; does good; loves everyone; doesn’t expect anything; in return; work tirelessly; the good race Page 8 Question: A Page 10 III: 4
Keys Unit One 1. In the Frozen Waters of Qomolangma, I Learned the Value of Humility Comprehension Exercise Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B Put the following into Chinese 1．我在想，如果出现意外，那么我那冻僵的身体需要多长时间才能沉到公里深的海底呢我紧接着意识到，对于一个仅着一条泳裤、试图游完这象征性的1公里人来说，下水前还能有什么比这更糟的念头吗我的内心深处在颤抖，感到非常恐惧。 2. 我在珠穆朗玛峰上学到了两个基本的经验教训，第一，过去有用的东西并不意味着今天一定有用。第二，不同的挑战需要不同的心态去应对。现在，无论我做什么事情，都要先问问自己我需要何种心态来成功地完成任务。 3. 我们已经以某种方式生存了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式消费了如此之久，我们已经以某种方式在地球上居住了如此之久，但这并不意味着，我们过去所做的决定今天依然正确。 4. 我在世界屋脊上的游泳改变了我，在一定程度上，我希望它证明一切皆有可能。只要我们谨慎合作，我们就有可能进行谦逊的对话，并超越对话，付诸行动。 2. Taking Lessons from What Went Wrong Comprehension Exercises Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 2. Put the following into Chinese 他们说，灾难会带来惨痛的教训，因为在技术上取得成功的原因往往是随机的、不可见的，而造成某个失败的原因通常是可以被找到、被证明和被修复的，从而达到改进的目的。 技术分析人员认为，一种建设性的冲动---以及它对深海钻探可能产生的结果，是通过分析失败的原因获得革新，革新使油井变得更安全，尽管降低对石油依赖也能带来很多好处。 几组调查人员认真研究了这座桥梁坍塌的原因，吊桥设计人员从中汲取了一些教训，其中最主要的是：要保证桥面公路的重量和围梁的强度，使之足以避免因强风引起的危险摇晃。但是工程师们似乎一致认为，调查中的发现最终将改进深海石油钻探技术---至少到下一次意想不到的悲剧发生之前，或到下一次促使技术变得更加安全的教训之前。 Dad Comprehension Exercises 1. Decide on the best choice to answer or complete each of the following. 1. C 2. D 3. A 4. A 2. Put the following into Chinese 1. 他当时33岁，我4岁，他有力的大手一把握住我细小的双臂，轻而易举地把我扛上肩头，使我能居高临下地看到我想看到的一切。 2. 但是，对于一个生活在二战后的小男孩来说，父亲就像一个具有神秘力量和威力的神，超乎凡人之上，无所不能，无所不知， 3. 每天晚上他下班回来以后，我们都会练习握手。戴着克利夫兰印第安球队的旧帽子的我，蹒跚地跑向身材高大的父亲，一遍又一遍地认真同他握手，直到能够握得很紧。 4. 第二年，我的狗被车轧死，我感到悲痛难忍。这时，父亲来到我身边，用他有力的双臂
Unit 1 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C II. Translation 1.但是只要说上几句话，他的口音就很容易被辨认出来。 2.他不会轻易发火，有一颗金子般的心，你很少能从他的嘴里听到攻击和批评别人的话。 3.常言道：善行胜于善言。父亲的身教对我的影响远远超过了他的言传。 4.面对生活的沧桑，大布鲁诺怎么能不提高嗓门，怎么能保持心气平和？难道力气 这么大的人不该脾气也大吗？ 5.体育明星和歌星 |、影星的确能够鼓舞人心，但是“英雄”这个头衔还是应该留给 像我父亲那样，为了自己所爱的人孜孜不卷地工作的人。 III. Summary 1.hard work, pays off 2.Big Bruno, strong in stature, a gentle spirit 3.most patient, slow to get angry, a heart of gold, a lot of friends 4. a role model, a true friend, a treasure 5.hero, does good, loves everyone, doesn ’texpect anything, in return, work tirelessly, the good race Reading Strategies(1) Skimming and Scanning I Skimming question 1 A II Skimming question 2 A teacher should? 1.be pleasantly live and attractive 2.have a genuine capacity for sympathy 3.be both intellectually and morally honest 4.be mentally alert 5.be capable of infinite patience 6.have the kind of mind which always wants to go on learning. III Scanning question 1 4. Classic Matches IV. Scanning question 2 1% had engaged in role-play 2% had experienced field trips 6% felt competent at writing essays 13% felt A-level courses had prepared them very well for work at university 16% had used video/audio 30% had made significant use of primary sources 3/4 felt A-level courses had prepared them fairly well for work at university 86% reported that their teachers had been more influential in their development as historians
阅读教程第三册答案 Unit 1 I.Reading for information 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. C II. Translation 1.今天你们将离开培育你们的学术环境，直面真实的世界。 2.你们即将离开学校，终于可以开始接受教育了。 3.想找到一位保守的教授，那比要找到一个雪人还难。若想挑战一些有关政 治正确性的正统观点，那你将会被冠以一些难听的名号。 4.如果你不相信我的话，那不妨去问一问那些因追随网络公司是通往财富之 路这一理论而破产的人们。现实击碎了他们的梦想。 5.因此，欢迎你来到我们生活的这个理性的世界。一旦你把那些不切实际的 幻想拒之门外，你就会发现这个世界并不是太糟。 III．summary 1.emerge from, face the real world, go about https://www.doczj.com/doc/d017835080.html,mitment to, benefit from 3.the enjoyment of reading, was associated with 4.reality, theory, realist, in theory 5.wishful thinking, go for, wind up with, twist and turns Unit 2 I. Reading for information 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.C 5 .B 6.D II. Translation 爱是再简单不过的事，这一观点至今仍然十分盛行，尽管大量事实都对此予以否定。几乎找不到任何一种活动、任何一项事业像爱情这样满怀希望地开始，又频繁地以失败而告终。如果换了别的事情，人们一定会急于知晓失败的原因，思量如何才能做得更好，或者干脆放弃。既然人们永远不可能放弃爱情，那么要战胜失败，似乎就只有一个办法可行，那就是探究失败的原因，进而领会爱的真义。III. Summary 1.a matter of chance, learned about 2. is based on , primarily, how to be loved 3. assumption, the right object 4. leading to, initial excitement, permanent state 5. theoretical knowledge, the mastery of the art Unit 3 I.Reading for information 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. C II. Translation 1.莫顿把《纽约时报杂志》小心地放在腿上，转过那张精致而清瘦的脸对着那 人，脸上带着腼腆、歉意的微笑，像在指点学生的错误一般对那男人讲道理。 2.他那傲慢的话音里透着威胁。
15.圣瓦伦丁节的时尚 里·爱瑞克·舒密特 ? 尽管英国的许多圣徒节日在美国都被遗忘了，圣瓦伦丁节依旧是一个最受欢迎的节日。美国人是怎样喜欢上圣瓦伦丁节的?历史学家舒密特在下文中讲述了它的秘密。 19世纪40年代，圣瓦伦丁节在美国还不是一个很流行的节日。华盛顿的生日在2月，是美国革命重要的纪念日，而古老的圣瓦伦丁节无论在地位上还是在重要性上都比它逊色多了。垮越大西洋，从英国来到美国，大多数的英国圣徒节日已渐渐淡出人们的记忆，比如人们曾纪念过的那些忠实的信徒们、杰出的民间先知者、慈善家们，比如圣·阿格纳、圣·安娜、圣·菲斯、圣·西蒙以及圣·托马斯，所以人们有理由认为圣瓦伦丁节会像其他许多纪念日一样淡出人们的记忆。由于受到工业社会和新教的时间观念的严格制约，和其他许多散布于中世纪和早期现代日历中的圣徒日一样，圣瓦伦丁节似乎注定是要毯废止的。’新兴美国的年历不会像早期现代英国的年历一样列满教堂的圣徒纪念日行会仪式或王室纪念日，但却可能是独具特色的节日大拼盘，比如共和国庆典，各国移民的不同节日，福音派教会的复活节以及安息日等。和圣过自特里克日，样，圣瓦伦丁日最终被证明是个例外;但与圣·帕特里克日不同的是，创造并赴领圣瓦伦丁节在美国复兴的是商业而不是种族特点。2当然有关圣瓦伦丁日的民间信仰在早期的美国也得以长久地保存下来了，例如在历书上就经常标出这个节日，有时还附上一两首关于节日的韵律诗。一些代表性的传统意象也流传下来，1811年新泽西的柏林顿出版了一本圣瓦伦丁节的诗集，它唤起人们种种联想，如传统的乔臾式浪漫的求爱方式，美丽的春天，还有那些亲嘴的鸟儿，比如:知更鸟，黑鸟，鹤鹤，站在篱笆上的麻雀，欧掠鸟(燕八哥)，以及铿鸟等等，“它们在这节日里成群结队，在晨曦中发出腼腆的求爱宣言”。然而，在19世纪最初的几十年里，报刊几乎很少提到圣瓦伦丁节，而那些评论这个节日的作家们只把它当做几乎是独特的英国人的仪式，它只在伦敦特别流行而在美国却没有明显的吸引力和兴趣。小说家塞缪尔·伍德沃斯是美国最早的编年史作者之一，1832年曾指出:‘，2月14日英国人互送圣瓦伦丁节贺卡，通过抓阉来确定丈夫和配偶的习俗，美国人从未有过很多的尝试，而且现在也不了解。”1858年，《哈勃周刊》报道说，在1840年左右商人们首次寄出印有他们瓦伦丁节产品样品的“旅游代理”的信封，这些推销商们实际上“在大多数情况下是被迫而为，并解释说，这样做是为了使用特别的书信和记录他们所准备的特别销售季节。”19世纪4(j年代以前，这个节日在美国流行文化里无足轻重，不为人关注。 19世纪40年代和50年代，这个节日的命运发生了戏剧性的变化。“几年前，我们看到欧洲人庆祝这个节日的报道，而在这里却没有它的讯息。”《费城公共文摘》1845年评论道，“现在情况发生了变化，圣瓦伦丁节的书信，以及心形节日标志等都被引入。特别在纽约，这种半严肃、半滑稽的求爱方式，花言巧语的爱情宣言，今天都写在纸上，通过邮局来传递。成千上万封这样的信件被寄出……即使在一向严肃的费城，圣瓦伦丁节也为人们所推崇。”《费城公共文摘》在这个节日的欢欣鼓舞里看到了希望。怀着对恢复失传的民间传统和节庆的极度渴望，报纸高度赞扬这种复古的行为。“我们已经变得很通达了，所有古老的节日或圣日或纪念日几乎都从日历上被抹掉了……我们太过于算计了。”这
Unit One Part I How “Average” People Excel课后练习 I.Reading for Information 1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. D II.Translation 1.我进入寿险这一行，做得还算不错。我有幸与几个最棒的寿险推销员一起被指认为 一委员会委员。一时间我吓得要命（我甚为诚惶诚恐）。 2.一般的成功人士为了将来的收获，甘坐冷板凳且推迟享受。反观诸多快速成功者， 他们期望太多且渴望一蹴而就。当回报不能立刻兑现时，他们就变得灰心丧气，愁苦不堪。 3.我一直在寻找那些有天赋、能自律的人。然后培养他们的爱心和忠诚。我招募他们， 激励他们，每当我们取得什么成绩，我与他们一起分享荣誉。 4.有一次，一场盛大的开幕典礼定于周末举行，而我们的大部分家具还在我们与批发 商两地之间的卡车上，据这里有数天的车程，于是我们便到外边以零售价购买了价值5000美元的货品。这样坐吞噬了我们大部分的利润，可我们不能让建筑商失望。 5.美国总统亚伯拉罕·林肯可能被他貌似的平凡所击垮。他出身贫寒，外表丑陋，然 而却颇有建树，给世人眼中的“平凡予新的涵义和尊严。 III.Summary A. 1.set their sights high –– achieve their goals 2.is little related to –– university-educated fast-trackers –– self-discipline 3.overpowering ego –– bring out the best in people 4.broaden their knowledge base 5.stick with –– keep your word Part II Success Lessons from Soccer课后练习 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T Unit Two Part I Negotiating for Mutual Satisfaction I.Reading for Information 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. B 6. C II.Translation 1.等等！我不管谁把那块馅饼切成两块，但不论谁切，都得给另一方挑选的权力。 2.很多情况下，冲突双方的需求并非对立。如果关注点从击败对方转向解决问题，那么每 个人都能受益。 3.如果工会赢了，罢工期间损失的工资将超过争得的利益。相反，由于罢工，资方的损失 将超过为避免罢工而答应其要求的成本。所以，罢工必两败俱伤。 4.相反，我们应该认识到我们真正的利益是互补的，进而彼此相问：“我们该怎样协作， 使馅饼更大，大家分得的份额更多？” 5.如果那卖主宽容和气，通情达理又富有同情心，他就该把价格谈到497元，使那对夫妇 得到快乐和满足。为他们省了247美元却最终令他们付出了三倍于此数目的怒火帐。III.Summary A. 1.mutual satisfaction –– shift…from…to 2.in opposition –– producing a creative outcome –– complementary 3.uniqueness –– identical –– victorious 4.satisfy their needs –– unconscious and unacknowledged