Exercise 21
Nevelson says, ―I have always wanted to show the
world that art is everywhere, except that it has to pass
through a creative mind.‖ Using mostly discarded wooden objects like packing crates, broken pieces of furniture, and abandoned architectural ornaments, all of which she has hoarded for years, she assembles architectural constructions
of great beauty and power. Creating very freely with no sketches, she glues and nails objects together, paints them black, or more rarely white or gold, and places them in boxes. These assemblages, walls, even entire environments create a mysterious, almost awe-inspiring atmosphere. Although she has denied any symbolic or religious intent in
her works, their three-dimensional grandeur and even their titles, such as Sky Cathedral and Night Cathedral, suggest
such connotations. (124 words)
1. Which of the following is one way in which Nevel-
son‘s art illustrates her theory as it is expressed in
the first sentence?
(A) She sculpts in wood rather than in metal or
stone.
(B) She paints her sculptures and frames them in
boxes.
(C) She makes no preliminary sketches but rather
allows the sculpture to develop as she works.
(D) She puts together pieces of ordinary objects
once used for different purposes to make her
sculptures.
(E) She does not deliberately attempt to convey
symbolic or religious meanings through her
sculpture.
―Popular art‖ has a number of meanings, impossible to
define with any precision, which range from folklore to
junk. The poles are clear enough, but the middle tends to blur. The Hollywood Western of the 1930‘s, for example,
has elements of folklore, but is closer to junk than to high
art or folk art. There can be great trash, just as there is bad
high art. The musicals of George Gershwin are great
popular art, never aspiring to high art. Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music—folk themes—in
different one: he took a popular genre—bourgeois
melodrama set to music (an accurate definition of
nineteenth-century opera)—and, without altering its
fundamental nature, transmuted it into high art. (133 words)
6. The author refers to Schubert and Brahms in order
to suggest
(A) that their achievements are no less substantial
than those of Verdi
(B) that their works are examples of great trash
(C) the extent to which Schubert and Brahms
influenced the later compositions of Verdi
(D) a contrast between the conventions of
nineteenth-century opera and those of
other musical forms
(E) that popular music could be employed in
compositions intended as high art
阅读1：文章来自老G的阅读题目，仍然先看老G的翻译，当做背景知识吧~
路易丝"奈纳尔森（Louise Nevelson）被许多评论家相信为是二十世纪最伟大的雕塑家，这一点愈发令人瞩目，因为直到最近，对女艺术家最强烈的抵制一直存在于雕塑这一领域。自从新石器时代（Neolithic times）以来，雕塑一直被视作男人的特权，部分程度上或计是因为纯粹的生理原因：人们误以为女性不适于雕石、刻木、镂制金属所必需的繁重体力劳动。只有在二十世纪，女艺术家才被承认为主要艺术家，并且只有在美国，尤其是自从五十年代和六十年代以来，女雕塑家们才展现出了最非凡的独特性和创造力。她们的地位日臻显赫，这是与雕塑本身在美国的发展是相伴随的：尽管在二十世纪四十年代之前在美国不乏一些富于才华的雕塑家，然则，只有在1945年之后，当纽约迅速变成世界上的艺术之都时，重要的雕塑作品才在美国被创作出来。某些一流的作品即出自女性之手。
显然，这些女性中最杰出的便是路易丝"奈维尔森，她在许多评论家的眼中，可谓是当今活着的最具独创性的女艺术家。一位著名而有影响的评论家希尔登"克莱默（Hilton Kramer）对她的作品评述道：“对我来说，我认为奈维尔森女士在画家常常失败的地方却获得了成功。”
她的作品被人比所作毕加索（Picasso）的立体派结构、米罗（Miro）的超现实主义物体、以及施维特斯（Schwittdrs）的“梅尔茨”。奈维尔森就是第一个站出来承认她受到了所有这些的影响，并且还受到非洲雕塑，以及土著美洲人和前哥伦布艺术的影响，但她将所有这些影响予以吸收融合，依然得以创造出一种独特的艺术，表现都市风景以及二十世纪的审美旨趣。奈维尔森说：“我一贯希望向世人证明艺术无处不在，但它必须经由一颗富于创造力的心灵。”
奈维尔森所利用的大多是被废弃的如包装箱一类的木质物件，破家具，以及被扔掉的建筑装饰物——所有这些她多年积存而得——她组装出极具美感和力度的建筑物般的结构。她不用草图，只是自由发挥地进行创作，将物体贴合或钉在一起，将它们漆成黑色，或极为少见地漆成白色或金黄色，并将它们置于盒内。这些装配艺术品、墙垛、甚至整个的环境艺术品营造出一种神秘的、几乎是引人恐惧的氛围。虽然她否认她作品中具有任何象征性的或宗教的意图，但它们三维立体的恢宏气势以及它们的标题，例如《天庭大教堂》（Sky Cathedral）以及《黑夜大教堂》（NightCathedral），暗示出这样一种意蕴。在某些方面，她最为雄心勃勃的作品更接近于环境艺术品，而与传统雕塑相
去甚远。但这样一来，无论是路易丝"奈维尔森还是她的作品，都无法被归纳到任何泾渭分明的范畴中。
Q1：下面哪一项体现了文章第一句的theory？
解析：文章的第一句说艺术无处不在，关键是要有个creative mind。也就是说平平常常的东西也可以创造成为艺术。所以正确答案D；
阅读2：这篇比较简单
Q6：文章中提到S 和B要干嘛？
解析：定位到Schubert and Brahms, however, used elements of popular music—folk themes—in works clearly intended as high art. 选E。
Until recently astronomers have been puzzled by the
fate of red giant and supergiant stars. When the core of a
giant star whose mass surpasses 1.4 times the present
mass of our Sun (M⊙) exhausts its nuclear fuel, it is
unable to support its own weight and collapses into a tiny
neutron star. The gravitational energy released during this
implosion of the core blows off the remainder of the star
in a gigantic explosion, or a supernova.
Since around 50 percent of all stars are believed to
begin their lives with masses greater than 1.4M⊙, we
might expect that one out of every two stars would die as
a supernova. But in fact, only one star in thirty dies such a
violent death. The rest expire much more peacefully as
planetary nebulas. Apparently most massive stars manage
to lose sufficient material that their masses drop below
the critical value of 1.4 M⊙before they exhaust their
nuclear fuel. Evidence supporting this view comes from
observations of IRC+10216, a pulsating giant star located
700 light-years away from Earth. A huge rate of mass loss
(1 M⊙every 10,000 years) has been deduced from
infrared observations of ammonia (NH3) molecules
located in the circumstellar cloud around IRC+10216.
Recent microwave observations of carbon monoxide
(CO) molecules indicate a similar rate of mass loss and
demonstrate that the escaping material extends outward
from the star for a distance of at least one light-year.
Because we know the size of the cloud around
IRC+10216 and can use our observations of either NH3
or CO to measure the outflow velocity, we can calculate an
age for the circumstellar cloud. IRC+10216 has
apparently expelled, in the form of molecules and dust
grains, a mass equal to that of our entire Sun within the
shed huge amounts of matter very quickly and thus may never expire as supernovas. Theoretical models as well as statistics on supernovas and planetary nebulas suggest that stars that begin their lives with masses around 6 M⊙shed sufficient material to drop below the critical value of 1.4M⊙. IRC+10216, for example, should do this in a mere 50,000 years from its birth, only an instant in the life of a star.
But what place does IRC+10216 have in stellar evolution? Astronomers suggest that stars like
IRC+10216 are actually ―protoplanetary nebulas‖ –old giant stars whose dense cores have almost but not quite rid themselves of the fluffy envelopes of gas around them. Once the star has lost the entire envelope, its exposed core becomes the central star of the planetary nebula and heats and ionizes the last vestiges of the envelope as it flows away into space. This configuration is a
full-fledged planetary nebula, long familiar to optical astronomers.
2. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) offer a method of calculating the age of circum- stellar clouds
(B) describe the conditions that resul t in a star‘s expiring as a supernova
(C) discuss new evidence concerning the composition
of planetary nebulas
(D) explain why fewer stars than predicted expire as supernovas
(E) survey conflicting theories concerning the composition of circumstellar clouds
3. The view mentioned in the middle of the second paragraph serves to
(A) reconcile seemingly contradictory facts
(B) undermine a previously held theory
(C) take into account data previously held to be insignificant
(D) resolve a controversy
(E) question new methods of gathering data
4. It can be inferred from the passage that the author assumes which of the following in the discussion of
the rate at which IRC+10216 loses mass?
IRC+10216 consists only of CO
and NH3 molecules.
(B) The circumstellar cloud surrounding
IRC+10216 consists of material expelled
from that star.
(C) The age of a star is equal to that of its
circumstellar cloud.
(D) The rate at which IRC+10216 loses mass
varies significantly from year to year.
(E) Stars with a mass greater than 6 M⊙lose
mass at a rate faster than stars with a mass
less than 6 M⊙do.
5. According to information provided by the passage,
which of the following stars would astronomers
most likely describe as a planetary nebula?
(A) A star that began its life with a mass of
5.5 M⊙, has exhausted its nuclear fuel, and
has a core that is visible to astronomers
(B) A star that began its life with a mass of 6 M⊙,
lost mass at a rate of 1 M⊙per 10,000 years,
and exhausted its nuclear fuel in 40,000 years
(C) A star that has exhausted its nuclear fuel, has a
mass of 1.2 M⊙, and is surrounded by a
circumstellar cloud that obscures its core
from view
(D) A star that began its life with a mass greater
than 6 M⊙, has just recently exhausted its
nuclear fuel, and is in the process of releasing
massive amounts of gravitational energy
(E) A star that began its life with a mass of
5.5 M⊙, has yet to exhaust its nuclear fuel,
and exhibits a rate of mass loss similar to
that of IRC+10216
阅读翻译：
直到最近，天文学家们对红巨星（red giant）和超巨星（supergiant）这类星星的命运甚感困惑。当一颗质量超过我们的太阳目前质量（M☉）1.4倍的巨星的内核耗竭其核燃料时，它便无法支撑自身的重量，并收缩成为一颗小型中子星（neutronstar）。在星球内核的这种向心聚爆过程中所释放出来的重力能（gravitationalenergy）将该星球的剩余部分在一次巨烈的爆炸或超新星（supernova）中炸掉。由于所有星球中约50%的星球据信都是以大于1.4M☉的质量开始其生命的,我们则期望,每两颗星球中便有一颗会作为超新星死亡.但事实上,只是在三十个星球中才仅有一个星球会以这种暴亡终结其寿命.其它的星球都作为行星星云（planetary nebula）更为平静地寿终正寝。显然，大多数质量庞大的星球得以设法弃置足够的物质，这样，在它偿耗竭自身的核燃料之前，其质量可降至 1.4.M
☉这个关键值以下。
支持这一观点的证据来自对IRC+10216的观察。所谓IRC+10216，是指位于距地球700光年处的一颗颤动不停的巨星。科学家对位于IRC+10216周围的环恒星云层中的氨（ammonia，NH3）分子进行了红外观察，从这些观察中，一个巨大的质量损耗率（每10,000年1M☉）得以被推断出来。最近对一氧化碳（CO）分子的微波（microwave）观察显示出一种近似的质量损耗率，并证明逃逸物质会从该星球往外延伸到至少一光年的距离。由于我们对IRC+10216周围云层的规模有所了解，并能利用我们对NH3或CO的观察来测量出流出速度，我们就能把环恒星云层的年代测算出来。显然，在过去的一万年中，IRC+10216以分子和尘粒的形式排出了相当于我们的整个地球质量的物质。这即意味着某些星球可非常快速地摆脱大量的物质，故可以永远不作为超新星消亡。无论是理论模型，还是有关超新星和行星星云的数据均表明，那些以约6M☉的质量开始其生命的星球，能摆脱足够数量的物质，从而降至1.4M☉这个关键值以下。例如，IRC+10216就应该在自己诞生之日起短短的50,000年中做到这一点，而50,000年仅是一颗星球总寿命的短暂一瞬。
但是，IRC+10216在星球演化中占据着什么样的位置呢？天文学家表示，象IRC+10216这样的星球实际上都是所谓的“原行星星云（protoplanetary nebula）”——即那些古老古老的巨星，其稠密的内核几乎已经，但仍没有彻底地，摆脱掉它们周围的那些轻软的气体包层。一旦星球失去整个包层，该星球曝露在外的内核变作行星星云的中心星球，并随同包层流失进入太空，将包层最后的残留部分加热并离子化。这一位形（configuration）是一充分发展的行星星云，为光学天文学家长期所熟知.
Q2：文章的main idea？
解析：第二段有转折“But in fact, only one star in thirty dies such a violent death” 后面通篇举的例子就是为了说明这个观点，答案D。
Q3：we might expect以及But in fact，这几个地方提示我们“是有一个问题大家疑惑了，然后大家本来以为怎么样，但结果fact却是另一回事”这种文章，接下来文章解释原因调和矛盾。所以选A；
Q4：定位到根据那几个明显的特殊名词CO NH3 IR216什么东西定位到相关位置。A明显有个only 不行，C与a mass equal to that of our entire Sun 相似，明显是个误导选项，D同E无中生有，B的话IRC+10216 has apparently expelled, in the form of molecules and dust ，看的出CO和NH3是排放物。正确答案B；
Q5：最后一句中的full-fledged planetary nebula，long familiar to optical astronomers. 按照题干说宇航员最看重哪一种，直接读了最后一段选A就可以，不放心还可以回上面验证一下，通过6M这个明显的字眼找到那句话，Theoretical models as well as
statistics on supernovas a nd planetary nebulas ……可以了。
On turning 65 years old, everyone living in the town of
Malton becomes eligible to receive a card that
guarantees discounts on most goods and services sold
in the town. Census records for 1990 show that 2,
450 inhabitants of Malton turned 64 in that year. Yet .
in 1991 over 3,000 people applied for and properly
received discount cards. So clearly some of Malton's
population growth between 1990 and 1992 must be
attributable to migration into the city by people in
Which of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?
(A) The town of Malton has no complete census records for 1991.
(B) The overall size of the population of Malton grew
by over 500 during 1990.
(C) Fewer people applied for and received discount cards in 1991 than did so in 1992.
(D) Among the people 65 years old or older who
moved into Malton in 1991. there was no one
who did not apply for a discount card .
(E) In general. people who applied for and received discount cards in 1991 first became eligible to do
so in that year
One of the questions of interest in the study of the evolution of spiders is whether the weaving of orb webs evolved only once or several times. About half the
35,000 known kinds of spiders make webs; a third of the web weavers make orb webs. Since most orb weavers belong either to the Araneidae or the Uloboridae families, the origin of the orb web can be determined only by ascertaining whether the families are related. Recent taxonomic analysis of individuals from both families indicates that the families evolved from different ancestors, thereby contradicting Wiehle‘s theory. This theory postulates that the families must be related, based on the assumption that complex behavior, such as web building, could evolve only once. According to Kullman, web structure is the only characteristic that suggests a relationship between families. The families differ in appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement
of eyes. Only Uloborids lack venom glands. Further identification and study of characteristic features will undoubtedly answer the question of the evolution of
the orb web. (172 words)
8. The primary purpose of the passage is to
(A) settle the question of whether orb webs evolved once or more than once
(B) describe scientific speculation concerning an
issue related to the evolution of orb webs
(C) analyze the differences between the character-
istic features of spiders in the Araneidae and
(D) question the methods used by earlier investiga-
tors of the habits of spiders
(E) demonstrate that Araneidae spiders are not
related to Uloboridae spiders
For the following question, consider each of the
choices separately and select all that apply
9. According to the passage, members of the Araneidae
family can be distinguished from members of the
Uloboridae family by all of the following
A the presence of venom glands
B the structure of their body hair
C the arrangement of their eyes
10. Which of the following statements, if true, most
weakens Wiehle‘s theory that complex behavior
could evolve only once?
(A) Horses, introduced to the New World by the
Spaniards, thrived under diverse climatic
conditions.
(B) Plants of the Palmaceae family, descendants of
a common ancestor, evolved unique seed
forms even though the plants occupy similar
habitats throughout the world.
(C) All mammals are descended from a small,
rodentlike animal whose physical characteris-
tics in some form are found in all its descen-
dants.
(D) Plants in the Cactaceae and Euphorbiaceae
families, although they often look alike and
have developed similar mechanisms to meet
the rigors of the desert, evolved indepen-
dently.
(E) The Cuban anole, which was recently intro-
duced in the Florida wilds, is quickly
replacing the native Florida chameleon
because the anole has no competitors.
Q7：这文章说本地2450人91年到65岁，却有3000多人申请那个什么卡，所以说多出来申请的是移民。那么他假设：大家一到年龄就申请这个卡，而不会拖到几年申请，如果能拖多几年，那么3000多人中可能有些本地居民66 67岁才来申请。
Q8：文章第一句是说有个问题怎么怎么样，最后一句说问题还没有解答。所以A应为误导选项。Recent taxonomic analysis …… thereby contradicting Wiehle‘s theory应该看得出文章就讲一个新发现会与旧
的学说矛盾。所以应该选B，taxonomic analysis 对应scientific speculation
Q9 ：The families differ in
appearance, structure of body hair, and arrangement
of eyes. Only Uloborids lack venom glands. 应该就能分辨吧。
Q10：找到assumption前一句This theory postulates that the families must be related，不难看出答案中有个independently，反义。也就是说文章认为两个family有关联，但是这个答案中两个相似的种群却独立进化。
GRE阅读小笔记Exercise 7 Hydrogeology is a science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on the surface of the land, in the soil and underlying rocks, and Line in the atmosphere. The term ―geohydrology∥ is 5 sometimes erroneously used as a synonym for ―hydrogeology.∥ Geohydrology is concerned with underground water. There are many formations that contain water but are not part of the hydrologic cycle because of geologic changes that have isolated them 10 underground. These systems are properly termed geohydrologic but not hydrogeologic. Only when a system possesses natural or artificial boundaries that associate the water within it with the hydrologic cycle may the entire system properly be termed hydrogeologic. (107 words) ==================================== 1. It can be inferred that which of the following is most likely to be the subject of study by a geohydrologist? (A) Soft, porous rock being worn away by a waterfall (B) Water depositing minerals on the banks of a gorge through which the water runs (C) The trapping of water in a sealed underground rock cavern through the action of an earthquake (D) Water becoming unfit to drink through the release of pollutants into it from a manufacturing plant (E) The changing course of a river channel as the action of the water wears away the rocks past which the river flows 2. The author refers to ―many formations∥ primarily in order to (A) clarify a distinction (B) introduce a subject (C) draw an analogy (D) emphasize a similarity
阅读下面的文字，完成各题。 流浪的名著 蒋新 ①中午的文化市场已经退去沸腾和热闹，人头攒动与淘宝捡漏的各色眼神终于渐渐收场，给这个季节的清冷腾出许多可以畅快呼吸的空间。冷风重新凝聚，换挡提速，自由鼓荡，在人们身边进行新一轮穿梭。冷风里的阳光十分柔和，暖暖灿灿的，宛如尼采的纤细之手，移动着抚摸着地上那些还没有撤走的物品，当然还有我的感觉。那些醒目的枣红色，宛如一群被冷落被流浪的红鹤，倔强在那个杂乱的地摊上，无奈而又高贵。 ②蹲下。捡起。端看。眼睛一碰触精装书面上的烫金书名，周身像被灌了一瓶六十二度二锅头似的，顿时热乎起来一一原来是群诺贝尔文学奖书籍悄无声息地集结在这冬季里！ ③封面：《诺贝尔文学奖全集·41》，主编：陈映真。获奖年度：1966年。获得者：以色列作家约瑟夫·阿格农；瑞典作家、诗人奈丽·沙克丝……我呆了，瞬间把自己雕塑在冷风里。 ④书籍之“书龄”已经超越而立之年，开始在不惑之路上行走，可书们为什么会来到这里？ ⑤我蹲在为阳光抚摸、为冷风扫射的地摊边，迅速将散放的枣红色书一本一本收集到跟前，一共十五本。从书的编码看，十五本只是这套诺贝尔文学奖全集的一部分，后边有无不敢断定，前面应该还有确凿的四十部——因为摆在面前的最小截止书目号是“41”。
⑥“那些书呢？”我抬头问那人，直言不讳。 ⑦“哪些书？没有了，就这些。”黑瘦矮的摊主似乎有些不耐烦。地上那些落满一层尘土的书已被收集在无序的纸箱里。摊主准备走，把空间让给清冷的风。 ⑧摊主见我还在翻看，便跺着脚催问买不买。他急着要走，因为冷，因为要吃饭，因为到了散摊的正午时光。于是询价，掏钱，打包，在柔和清冷的阳光抚摸中，我把那摞枣红色书籍带回了家。 ⑨用白菜价格买来的那排枣红色，宛如钱塘江涌出的一线潮，整齐醒目地摆在书橱中央。然而，望着捡漏得来的书籍和由它们簇成的风景，我却怎么也高兴不起来。 ⑩市场和文化一接轨，就成为买卖文化的市场，一切与文化沾边的标识，比如青铜、陶瓷、字画、家具、钱币、刺绣、木雕等等，都贴着文化的标签，以古董的身份在不同的位置出现和交易。至于真假，新旧，年代，那就考验淘宝者的眼力、胆识和运气。书，自然是文化的，可是，在这交易文化的市场里，除了古籍和稀有版本受到收藏者淘宝者的青睐外，其他都白菜萝卜般地拥挤在地摊上。一堆一堆任人翻、任人找、任人看的书，在这里成为真正的落魄者和流浪者，既失去了“书中自有黄金屋”和“书中自有颜如玉”的高贵价值，也失去了可以归属的身份证。它们的高贵去哪儿了呢？ ?寻找被遗失被冷落的那些高贵书籍，常成为我周末的主题。 ?在不同城市的文化市场和相同模样的地摊书摊上，我寻找到许多高贵的书籍，如四卷本《柳宗元集》，四卷本《乐府诗集》，三卷本
Exercise 11 Many critics of Eamily Bronte‘s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a ―roman c‖ reading receives more con?rma on. Seeing 5 the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel‘s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time shifts. Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry 10 James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel‘s heterogeneous parts. However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel‘s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing. This is not because such an 15 interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing 20 interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet. (164 words) 1. According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights? (A) The second part has received more attention from critics. (B) The second part has little relation to the first part. (C) The second part annuls the force of the first part. (D) The second part provides less substantiation for a ―roman c‖ reading. (E)The second part is better because it is more realistic. 2. Which of the following inferences about Henry James‘s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage? (A) James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic construction. (B) James was very aware of the details of novel-
2019中考语文模拟试卷练习及答案 为了能更好更全面的做好复习和迎考准备，确保将所涉及的中考考点全面复习到位，让孩子们充满信心的步入考场，现特准备了2019中考语文模拟试卷练习的内容。 一、积累与运用(16分) 1.请用正楷字，笔画清晰地填写相应的诗文名句。(8分，每小题1分) ①江山代有才人出，。(赵翼《论诗》) ②，为有源头活水来。(朱熹《观书有感》) ③大漠孤烟直，。(王维《使至塞上》) ④，载不动许多愁。(李清照《武陵春》) ⑤________________，_________________!风雨不动安如山。(杜甫《茅屋为秋风所破歌》) ⑥，。所谓伊人，在水之湄。(《诗经》) ⑦己所不欲，。(《论语》十则) ⑧我是你额上熏黑的矿灯，。(《祖国啊，我亲爱的祖国》) 2.阅读下面这段文字，按要求回答问题。(3分) 文化是民族的根。中华民族优秀的文化，积淀着久远的岁月印痕。(A)它绽放在春节缤纷的花炮中，闪烁在京剧斑斓的脸谱中，跳动在二胡凄美的弓弦上，，传扬在诗词浪漫的意境里…… 传统文化承载着民族的记忆，五彩纷呈的形式令人赏心悦
目。(B)保护并了解我们的传统文化，是每个中国人义不容辞的责任。我们也会在文化的熏陶下变得厚重而雅致。(3)，①仿照(A)处画曲线的句子，选择一种传统文化形式(如锣鼓、风筝、书法等)，为横线处补写句子。(写在下面的横线上)(2分) ②文段中(B)处画横线的句子有语病，请将修改后的语句写在下面的横线上。(1分) 原句：保护并了解我们的传统文化，是每个中国人义不容辞的责任。 改句： 3.阅读下面的文字，按要求回答问题。(5分) A自缚跪于帐前。B变色曰：“汝以全家之命，领此重任。汝若早听王平之言，岂有此祸?今败军折将，失地陷城，皆汝之过也!若不明正军律，何以服众?”叱左右推出斩之。将斩。参军蒋琬入见B曰：“昔楚杀得臣而文公喜。今天下未定，而戮智谋之臣，岂不可惜乎?”B流涕而答曰：“昔孙武所以能制胜于天下者，用法明也。今四方分争，兵戈方始，若复废法，何以讨贼耶?合当斩之。”随后，B自作表文，言称自己“不能训章明法，授任无方”，请“自贬三等，以督厥咎”。 ①请用简洁的语言概括此故事情节：,文段中“败军折将，失地陷城”是指：。(2分) ②文段中的人物“B”指的是：，(1分)结合文段内容，谈
标题：从清华到阿尔伯塔大学交换全经历·尚友学院街 里面有关于UA的点点滴滴，如果是申请本科或研究生，可以跳过前面交换攻略部分，如果是交换，可以细读。鉴于我(清华热能工程系9字班)是清华大学和加拿大阿尔伯塔大学（University of Alberta）开展本科生交换项目的第一人，义不容辞的想给学弟学妹们留下一些经验教训和建议，遂成此文。这篇文章适用于清华大学欲赴阿尔伯塔大学交换的同学们，同时也可供清华出国交换生以及中国其他大学赴阿尔伯塔大学交换及留学的学生参考。 一、关于交换 清华大学本科生大三上学期和大三下学期有校级交换项目可供同学们选择，同时也会有系内的系级交换项目（例如人文学院、经管学院等）。像我这种系里面没有系级项目的工科男，果断选择校级交换，一般需要提前一年申请，记得关注info上面的申请信息。 第一个问题，必须是，为什么要交换？ 有的人想单纯的去体验国外的学术、生活、文化和思维方式，有的人铁心出国做科研，把交换作为出国的跳板，而我交换则是为了回答一个问题，我到底要不要出国深造？适不适合出国深造？以上的理由都无可厚非，可以确定的一点是，我认识的了解到的大部分同学和学长都认为交换绝对是一件回报大于投入的事情。无论去哪个国家哪个学校，从中得到的思维冲击，旅行的快乐，英语水平的提高，自己掌控生活的快感以及最重要的——在交换期间会比在清华有更多更多的自我思考的经历，说白了，就是一个深刻的自知的过程，明白自己想要什么，想过什么样的生活，因为当一个人独自面对自己的时候，才是最真实的时候。
二、交换前——准备阶段 1、首先是网申，在可以申请的时间段，登陆info——其他信息——外事信息管理——交换项目在线申报（交换项目在线查询系统可以查询XX校有XX人报名）。有任何疑问最好是直接去工字厅古月堂西院（荷园对面）问海外交流部的老师，她们人都很nice。 网申选校，是一个拼人品的过程，从无定数。一般来说美国的学校最难申，加拿大和欧洲的学校次之（当然你有小语种的话去对应的国家会有一定优势），日本韩国等亚洲国家最好申。至于香港台湾的话，变化很大，要看当年有多少人想去。 选校基本原则是专业合适，如果你是工科生，至少要保证去的学校的同类专业存在，去那边有课可上，回来可以课程替代。简言之，两件事，第一件是打开该校主页（如UA的www.ualberta.ca），找到自己的faculty以及curricul um，看每个课程的简介，然后找个学长帮你看看哪些课程和大三要学的课程比较相似，挑出来打印下来；第二件去系里面让管教务的老师帮你看看能不能替代，如果可以，那就没问题了。选择的时候注意时时关注想要交换的学校的已报名人数，这是个简单的概率问题，人多难去，人少好去，一般来说，如果你的学校通过初审的学生数小于该校的名额数，你都八九不离十可以走成的，老师真的很nice。这里重点说一下第二志愿，如果你宁为玉碎不为瓦全，一心只想去佐治亚理工、普度这样的学校，那就可以忽略之，但如果你非常想获得交换这次经历，而不那么在乎大学水平的话，建议你好好研究一下第二志愿，二志愿最好选一个已报名人数小于等于或略大于名额数的学校，可以瞄准加拿大、欧洲或新加坡选校。 2、网申完了还有一堆材料要交、手续要办，包括个人中英文简历、个人陈述等等，这些材料并不那么重要，但一定要认真对待，一个认真的态度、好的写作格式和合适的语气措辞加上够格的简历就能保证你过初审（记得学分绩的硬性要求是前二分之一，不知道改了没有）。 初审一般会刷三分之一左右的人，过了初审老师会给你打电话告诉你面试时间和地点，个人认为从接到通知到面试这段时间比较重要，需要好好重新审视自己交过的材料，老师很有可能会问你一些关于你个人陈述的问题。另外
新部编七年级语文上册课外阅读理解阅读训练及答案 一、部编语文七年级上册课外阅读理解练习 1．阅读下面短文，完成练习。 四月的维也纳 开头几天，四月的维也纳真令我失望。此时的春天似乎只是绿色连看绿色。大片大片的草地上，没有五月那无所不在的明媚的小花。没有花的绿地是寂寞的。我对驾着车一同外出的留学生小吕说：“四月的维也纳可真乏味!绿色到处泛滥，见不到花几，下次再来非躲开四月不可!” 小吕听了，就把车子停住，叫我下车，把我领到路边一片非常开阔的草地上，然后让我蹲下来拨开草好好看看。我用手拨开草一看，大吃一惊：原来青草下边藏了满满一层花儿______白的______黄的______紫的______纯洁______娇小______鲜亮______这么多______这么密、这么辽阔!它们比青草只矮几厘米，躲在草下边，好像只要一努劲儿，就会齐刷刷地全冒出来…… “得要多少天才能冒出来?”我问。“也许过几天，也许就在明天。”小吕笑道，“四月的维也纳可说不准，一天换一个样儿。” 可是，当夜冷风冷雨，接连几天时下时停，太阳一直没露面儿。我很快就要离开这里去意大利了，便对小吕说：“这次看不到草地上那些花儿了，真有点遗憾呢，我想它们刚冒出来时肯定很壮观。“ 小吕驾着车没说话，大概也有些怏怏然吧。外边毛毛雨点把车窗遮得像拉了一道纱帘。可车子开出去十几分钟，小吕忽然对我说：“你看窗外”隔过雨窗，看不清外边，但窗外的颜色明显地变了：白色、黄色、紫色，在窗上流动。小吕停了车，手伸过来，一推我这边的车门，未等我弄明白是怎么回事，便说：“去看吧—你的花!” 迎着细密的、凉凉的飘在我脸上的雨点，我看到的竟是一片花的原野。这正是前几天那些千千万万朵花儿藏身的草地，此刻一下子全冒出来，顿时改天换地，整个世界铺满全新的色彩。虽然远处大片大片的花已经与蒙蒙细雨融在一起，低头却能清晰看到每一朵小花，在雨中都像英雄那样傲然挺立，明亮夺目，神气十足。我惊奇地想：它们为什么不是在温暖阳光下冒出来，偏偏在冷风冷雨中拔地而起?小小的花( )有如此气魄!四月的维也纳( )叫我明白了生命的意味是什么，是—勇气!这两个普通又非凡的字眼，又一次叫我突然感到心头一震。这一震，便使眼前的景象定格成为四月春天独有的壮丽的图画，并终于使我找到了。 （1）在第二自然段的横线处加上标点符号。 （2）在文中括号里填上带有“然”字的词语。 （3）第三自然段中的“冒”字换成“长”字合适吗?说说原因。 （4）作者由一朵朵小花悟出的哲理。 （5）你是怎么理解“它们为什么不是在温暖的阳光下冒出来，偏偏在冷风冷雨中拔地而起”这句话的? 【答案】（1），、、；、、；、 （2）竟然；忽然 （3）不合适，因为用“冒”字更形象、更生动地表现了维也纳的花儿呈现的状态。
标题：美国购物游盘点深受欢迎的购物场所·尚友学院街 在美国有许多理想的购物场所，不仅价格优惠、种类繁多，而且购物环境十分舒适。以下是小编为您推荐的购物场所，定能成为您心头的大爱! 梅西百货(Macy)(整个美国地区) 梅西百货是美国最大的连锁百货公司，全美各地共计800多个门店。这家高档百货主要经营“买得起的奢侈品”，产品多以各类男式、女式、儿童时尚品牌和配饰、化妆品、香水以及家居用品为特色。在美国人心中最爱的百货公司购物的国际游客可尊享“游客折扣”。该百货公司推出的国际节省卡(International Savings Card)现已免费向旅行社和旅游机构发放，游客可自行前往索取。该卡附有包括中文在内的十种语言支持。如欲了解更多详细信息，敬请访问：https://www.doczj.com/doc/d07060280.html,。
美国精品购物胜地(整个美国地区) 美国精品购物胜地旗下购物中心云集，每年吸引着来自世界各地的数百万游客至此，以体验世界上最好的购物环境
和餐饮美食。该公司奢侈品专卖中心包括：阿拉莫纳中心(Ala Moana Center )(檀香山)、时装秀(拉斯维加斯)、大运河购物中心(The Grand Canal Shoppes)、Palazzo名店(拉斯维加斯)、水塔广场(Water Tower Place)和奥克布鲁克中心(Oakbrook Center)(芝加哥)、先锋广场(Pioneer Place )(波特兰)、拉卡特拉名店(圣安东尼奥)以及梅里克公园村(Village of Merrick Park )(迈阿密)。 这里的店商和精品店出售的奢侈品无论是质量上还是种类上都堪称全美第一。除了有知名百货大楼和专卖店(如诺德斯特龙Nordstrom、萨克斯第五大道Saks Fifth Avenue以及内曼·马库斯Neiman Marcus等)，该中心还有路易·威登Louis Vuitton、卡地亚Cartier、香奈儿Chanel、蒂芙尼Tiffany &Co、范思哲Versace、雨果·波士Hugo Boss、普拉达Prada 等诸多以设计师名字著称的奢侈品专卖。Palazzo名店是拉斯维加斯最新开业的奢侈品购物名店之一。位于拉斯维加斯大道，与大运河购物中心毗邻的购物中心则以拥有内华达州唯一的纽约巴尼百货商店以及包括托里·伯奇Tory Burch、巴宝莉Burberry、迈克·柯尔Michael Kors、克里斯提·鲁布托Christian Louboutin，黛安·冯芙丝汀宝Diane Von Furstenberg等顶尖设计师在内的精品店而著称。 在美国精品购物胜地所购物游客们还有一大超凡体验，那就是那里还有各式各样的美食餐饮可供选择，足以令人大饱口福。不仅在当地的咖啡吧或餐馆就能品尝到风味独特的地方美食，还可以选择自己中意的民族餐厅，那里也是美国最负盛名的厨艺大师和烹饪艺术家们(包括沃尔夫冈·帕克Wolfgang Puck，约瑟·门汀Jose Mendin、埃默里尔·拉加斯Emeril Lagasse，查理·曲特Charlie Trotter等) 的摇篮。 美国精品购物胜地的游客均可获得一份“顶级通行大礼包(Premier Passport packet )”，内赠价值数百美元的购物和餐饮优惠券，以及赠送个性化购物、送行李至酒店、免费修改服饰等特殊服务和私人表演入场券等。游客可从旅行社和旅游运营商领取“顶级通行大礼包”，也可从美国精品购物胜地官网站上自行下载：www.AmericasShopping https://www.doczj.com/doc/d07060280.html, 城堡奥特莱斯Citadel Outlets(位于加州洛杉矶)
UCLA – Anderson School of Management 1.Overview 基本情况一览表 成立时间1919年 学校类型公立 教师人数4016 学生人数本科生：26,536人 研究生：11,684人 所在地点美国加州洛杉矶西木区 校园环境市区 洛杉矶加利福尼亚大学（University of California, Los Angeles，通常缩写为UCLA，也常译称为加州大学洛杉矶分校）是一所位于美国加利福尼亚州洛杉矶的公立大学。UCLA是美国商业金融、高科技产业、电影艺术等专业人才的摇篮。UCLA是加利福尼亚大学系统中的第二所大学，与柏克莱加利福尼亚大学（UC Berkeley）齐名，皆是美国享誉盛名的公立大学。拥有超过三万五千名学生，大学部提供118种不同科系的学位，硕士有86种，还有其他108种不同的博士和专业学院。它是南加州地区入学竞争最激烈的学校，也是整个加州最大的大学。UCLA 先后共有5名教授与5名校友获得诺贝尔奖。 加州大学洛杉矶分校安德森商学院 (UCLA Anderson School of Management)创建于1935年，每年向1300多名全日制MBA、在职MBA和EMBA学生提供商学教育。UCLA安德森商学院以及它的很多学术课程和系别都一直排名世界前列。屡获研究教学奖项的教授、严谨的学术课程、成功的校友和世界级教学设备的组合提供了卓越的实践性学习环境。 2.School Surroundings UCLA位于西木区，洛杉矶西部，日落大道的南部，是洛杉矶地区最精华的地段，是最安全及时尚的区域。西木区离太平洋沿岸仅五英哩的车程，离洛杉矶最昂贵的住宅区如贝莱尔（Bel Air）、比佛利山庄（Beverly Hills）、圣塔摩尼卡（Santa Monica）仅十几分钟可达。西木区拥有时尚的名牌购物商店、农夫市场、演唱会场地、美术馆及提供各式佳肴的餐厅。
小升初阅读理解100篇及答案 一、小升初语文阅读理解训练 1． 意外赔偿 ①那年初春，我在房前的小院里种了一些蔬来。悉心栽培了数月，到仲夏时院子里已是满眼油绿，让人看着心醉。每天我都在这里盘算着能有多少收获。 ②那天天气极好，阳光柔和，没有一丝风。看着蔬莱大多已经成熟，我兴奋地给朋友们打电话，邀请他们来与我分享劳动成果。打完电话，我便骑着单车到附近超市购买烹调所需的调味品。 ③两个小时后，我提着沉重的购物袋推开栅栏门，发现院子的地上凌乱地散落着一些嫩绿的菜叶。天啊！我的蔬菜转眼间已是叶落茎断。这是谁跑进来践踏了我的劳动成果？ ④突然，一个黄白相间、圆鼓鼓的家伙在蔬莱间蹒跚挪动，不时抖动着翅膀发出“嘎嘎”的叫声。我站在那里，气得一时说不出话来，真不敢相信这么一个小东西会把我的莱园糟蹋成这个样子。 ⑤和鸭子是讲不通道理的。但是，我决定要为自己讨个说法。我想起住在隔壁的那个老妇人养了几只鸭子。甚至听人谈论过，那老妇人几十年守寡，性格古怪，与周围的邻居很少讲话，她唯一的喜好就是饲养一些小家禽。 ⑥我按捺着心中的恼怒，用力敲开了她的房门：“请问夫人，您养的鸣子都在您的院子里吗？” ⑦她没有支声，默默地从我身边走过去，弓着腰用她那干瘪的手指指点着地上的鸭子。她反复数了几遍，然后转过头呆滞地打量着我。看得出，她的目光中带着许多疑问。 ⑧ “如果少了一只的话，那么它现在正在我院子里美餐呢！”我直截了当地说。老妇人愣了一下，一言不发地跟着我到莱园子里去找鸭子。 ⑨ 此时，那鸭子依然不停地啃着我的蔬莱。老妇人快步跑过去抱起鸭子，然后站在那儿静静地等待我的发落。 10“夫人，让我说您什么好！请看好您的鸭子，这样的事我不想再看到厖”我气愤地说，但不失礼貌。 11老妇人颤巍巍地点点头，一言不发，而后抱着那只鸭子蹒珊地走了。 12几个月后，老妇人搬走了。之后，我再也没有见过她，而那场莱园“风波”也被时间渐渐淹没了。 13圣诞节到了，轻柔的雪花把快乐的夜晚点缀得宛如仙境。晚上，我邀请了数位挚友到我家共度圣诞之夜。我们正开怀畅饮，门铃突然响了，邮递员给我送来了一个邮包。邮包上没有寄出的地址，邮包外面夹着一封信，上写：亲爱的孩子，你好吗？我曾住在你的隔壁。半年前，我养的鸭子损坏了你的菜，给你带来了极大的不快，我一直很内疚。今天是圣诞节，我要送给你一样特殊的礼物，请一定收下，因为这代表着我的深深歉意。 14我拆开包裹，轻轻剪开深色的密封塑料袋，一只焦黄流油、香气四溢的硕大的烤鸭赫然
[GMAT语法]Instead of v.s. instead的区别 尚友论坛【GMAT专区】 【尚友学堂GMAT公开课】 【GMAT机经专区】 【GMAT资料下载区】 【GMAT黄历查询】 先看下面这两句话，表达的意思重心都是小毛更喜欢青菜。 小毛爱吃菜而不是（Instead of）肉。 小毛不爱吃肉；相反（Instead），他爱吃菜。 在GMAT中前一句要用Instead of后一句要用Instead。 即：一个句子使用Instead强调要做的是后面内容，使用Instead of强调要做的的是前面的内容（instead of的内容是实际上不会发生、不会做的，表达的是一种否定语气）。 简单说：Instead表达“而是要”，Instead of表达“而不是” 下面是具体例子： Instead of (是…)而不是… 强调内容在Instead of前，Instead of的内容不是句子重心真正要做的，而是比照相对句子重心内容的附带对比内容。 例句： Shall we have fish instead of meat today?今天我们不吃肉吃鱼好吗? Give me this instead of that.给我这个, 不要那个。
Taking exercise every day makes him look younger instead of older.每天锻炼身体使他看起来年轻而不显老。 We went to the Biology class instead of attending the English lesson.我们去上生物课而不去上英语课。 He has been playing all afternoon instead of getting on with his work.他整个下午一直在玩, 没有继续工作。 With Massa’s departure, House Democrats need 216 votes,instead of217, to pass health care legislation. Cuomo, who is widely expected to run for governor this year, has called for putting the pension fund under the control of a board of trustees,instead of the comptroller. ''This 'restoration' has been done in a very unprofessional way,'' Schweizer said in an e-mail message sent to the AP. ''Too many stones had been changed,instead of restoring. Most of Portugal’s 250,000 university students boycotted classes in a one-day strike to protest a law that requires them to contribute $330 a year toward the cost of higher education,instead of the $7 per year required previously. Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity. (D-p72-8) Instead 反而，却 强调在Instead后，Instead的内容是句子重心真正要做的，这部分正式句子强调的重心。 例句： Mike doesn't study at all.Instead, he sits idle all day. 迈克根本不肯读书, 相反地, 他终日游手好闲。 According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience. Evolutionary psychology holds that the human mind is not a "blank slate" but instead comprises specialized mental mechanisms that were developed to solve specific problems human ancestors faced millions of years ago. Gone are the sharp edges and jutting planes of styles from former eras;instead, designers of everything from cars to computer monitors have adopted a cornerless style of smooth surfaces and curves that is more ergonomic, conforming to the shape of the body rather than flaunting shape for its own sake.
标题：美国大学教授的各类称呼·尚友学院街 在我们浏览美国大学网站时，会看到professor、associate professor等各类英文词。professor是教授，associat e professor是副教授，这些或许学生能理解，但assistant professor你是否又能理解呢？以下我们整理了美国大学教授的各类称呼，以及他们的职责，或许有助你对美国教师职称的进一步了解。美国大学中除系主任(depa rtment head or dean)之外，还有教授、副教授、讲师等等教员，不像英国的制度，只有系主任是教授，其余都是讲师。与美国教师职称制度相比，中国的情形与美国相近，不过美国的大学更复杂而已。在美国大学中正教授为p rofessor或full professor，其下是副教授为associate professor,而在副教授之下还有一个助理副教授为assistant professor。中国大学里没有这一级。也就是说assistant professor是助理副教授，地位处于讲师与副教授(associ ate professor)之间，而副教授又处在助理副教授(assistant professor)与正教授(professor)之间。与中国职称制度相配套，大家便生硬地认为professor为教授，assistant professor与associate professor均为副教授了。至于instructor是指专职的讲师，lecturer是指兼职的讲师。另外，还有reader，在英国大学里也是讲师，但在美国的大学里只是教授的助手，帮助教授改考试卷子等(correct examinations,themes,etc,for a professor)的人，即我们通常称为助教(assistant)的人。在美国的某些大学里，不称associate professor，而称为adjunct prof essor也是一样的副教授。此外，在美国还有年老退休的教授或光荣退职后的教授，仍然保留着他的头衔和地位的，成为a professor emeritus或an emeritus professor叫名誉教授。一个大学的全体教授的总称叫作profes sorate
Exercise 10 Currently, the paramount problem in the field of biomaterials, the science of replacing diseased tissue with human-made implants, is control over the interface, or Line surface, between implanted biomaterials and living 5 tissues. The physical properties of most tissues can be matched by careful selection of raw materials: metals, ceramics, or several varieties of polymer materials. Even the requirement that biomaterials processed from these materials be nontoxic to host tissue can be met by 10 techniques derived from studying the reactions of tissue cultures to biomaterials or from short-term implants. But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living and non-living matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of 15 cells to each other—an area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. Although recent research has allowed us to stabilize the tissue-biomaterial interface by controlling either the chemical reactions or the microstructure of the biomaterials, our fundamental understanding of how 20 implant devices adhere to tissues remains woefully incomplete. (159 words) 1. According to the passage, the major problem currently facing scientists in the field of bio- materials is (A) assessing and regulating the bonding between host tissue and implants (B) controlling the transfer of potentially toxic materials across the interface of tissue and implant (C) discovering new materials from which to construct implant devices (D) deciding in what situations implants are needed (E) determining the importance of short-term implants to long-term stability of tissue implant interfaces 2. The passage suggests which of the following about the recent research mentioned in the last
新部编人教版七年级语文现代文阅读练习及答案 一、部编语文七年级上册课外阅读理解练习 1．阅读下面短文，完成练习。 四月的维也纳 开头几天，四月的维也纳真令我失望。此时的春天似乎只是绿色连看绿色。大片大片的草地上，没有五月那无所不在的明媚的小花。没有花的绿地是寂寞的。我对驾着车一同外出的留学生小吕说：“四月的维也纳可真乏味!绿色到处泛滥，见不到花几，下次再来非躲开四月不可!” 小吕听了，就把车子停住，叫我下车，把我领到路边一片非常开阔的草地上，然后让我蹲下来拨开草好好看看。我用手拨开草一看，大吃一惊：原来青草下边藏了满满一层花儿______白的______黄的______紫的______纯洁______娇小______鲜亮______这么多______这么密、这么辽阔!它们比青草只矮几厘米，躲在草下边，好像只要一努劲儿，就会齐刷刷地全冒出来…… “得要多少天才能冒出来?”我问。“也许过几天，也许就在明天。”小吕笑道，“四月的维也纳可说不准，一天换一个样儿。” 可是，当夜冷风冷雨，接连几天时下时停，太阳一直没露面儿。我很快就要离开这里去意大利了，便对小吕说：“这次看不到草地上那些花儿了，真有点遗憾呢，我想它们刚冒出来时肯定很壮观。“ 小吕驾着车没说话，大概也有些怏怏然吧。外边毛毛雨点把车窗遮得像拉了一道纱帘。可车子开出去十几分钟，小吕忽然对我说：“你看窗外”隔过雨窗，看不清外边，但窗外的颜色明显地变了：白色、黄色、紫色，在窗上流动。小吕停了车，手伸过来，一推我这边的车门，未等我弄明白是怎么回事，便说：“去看吧—你的花!” 迎着细密的、凉凉的飘在我脸上的雨点，我看到的竟是一片花的原野。这正是前几天那些千千万万朵花儿藏身的草地，此刻一下子全冒出来，顿时改天换地，整个世界铺满全新的色彩。虽然远处大片大片的花已经与蒙蒙细雨融在一起，低头却能清晰看到每一朵小花，在雨中都像英雄那样傲然挺立，明亮夺目，神气十足。我惊奇地想：它们为什么不是在温暖阳光下冒出来，偏偏在冷风冷雨中拔地而起?小小的花( )有如此气魄!四月的维也纳( )叫我明白了生命的意味是什么，是—勇气!这两个普通又非凡的字眼，又一次叫我突然感到心头一震。这一震，便使眼前的景象定格成为四月春天独有的壮丽的图画，并终于使我找到了。 （1）在第二自然段的横线处加上标点符号。 （2）在文中括号里填上带有“然”字的词语。 （3）第三自然段中的“冒”字换成“长”字合适吗?说说原因。 （4）作者由一朵朵小花悟出的哲理。 （5）你是怎么理解“它们为什么不是在温暖的阳光下冒出来，偏偏在冷风冷雨中拔地而起”这句话的? 【答案】（1），、、；、、；、 （2）竟然；忽然 （3）不合适，因为用“冒”字更形象、更生动地表现了维也纳的花儿呈现的状态。