Lesson ThirteenFreedom in Dying
一、词汇
1.dying n.
动词是die；过去式died；过去分词died ；
dead adj. 其中ea [e]；
death n.
deadly adj. 致命的；
dying 一方面可以作为die动词的现在分词，意为某人正在死亡；另一方面，可作为形容词，意为垂死的。
“过逝”在英文中一般为pass away.
英文中还有一种表示某人死了，"kick the bucket".
2.concerning prep. 关于
3.concerned adj. 担心的，忧虑的
4.handle v. 处理，应付
do with = deal with 处理，应付
5.life n. 活力，活跃
6.witty adj. 诙谐的，风趣的
7.actively adv. 积极地，活跃地
8.questioning adj. 好问的
9.major n. 主修某专业的学生
minor 次要的
I am an English major.
You are major in chemistry(化学)
j
10.bright adj. 机灵的，伶俐的，聪明的
11.illness n. 疾病 develop an illness 患疾病
12.lump n. 肿块，瘤，疖子
13.undergo v. 经受，经历
14.surgery n. 手术
15.cancer n. 癌，恶性肿瘤
16.tumor n. 肿瘤
17.treatment n. 治疗
18.steadily adv. 持续地，不断地；稳定地，坚定地
19.remarkable adj. 不寻常地，非凡的
20.face v. 正视，（勇敢地）面对
21.seminar n. 研讨会
forum 论坛
22.reviewer n. 评论家，书评作者
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d3126509.html,ment v. 评论，发表意见
24.retain v. 保留，保持，仍然有
remain maintain 保留
25.enduring adj. 持久的，不朽的
26.extreme adj. 极度的，极端的
27.critical adj. 决定性的，关键性的，重大的
28.dock n. 船埠，码头
29.agony n. (精神或肉体的)极大痛苦
a
30.chemical adj. 化学的；化学性的
31.prolong v. 延长，延伸
32.fully adv. 充分地
fully的词根是full
33. bedridden adj. 卧病不起的
34.luxury n. 享受；满足；乐事；奢侈
35.surrounding n. 环境，周围的事物
36.guitar n. 吉它
37.deny v. 否认，否定
refuse to do 拒绝做某事
deny doing否认做某事
38.unfinished adj. 未完成的，未结束的
39.business n. 任务；事业；工作
40.cremation n. 火化，火葬
41.reflect v. 反映；表现；反射
42.dignity n. 尊严，尊贵
43.sharpness n. 敏锐，机智
44.grieve v. 悲伤，悲叹
45.enjoy v. 享受……的乐趣；欣赏
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d3126509.html,plain v. 抱怨，诉苦；投诉
complain about sth. 抱怨什么东西
47.rarely adv. 很少，难得
48.despite prep. 尽管
49.constant adj. 持续不断的，接连不断的
50.continually adv. 一再地，反复地
51.willingness n. 心甘情愿，愿意
52.honor v. 履行，使……付诸实现；给予（某人）荣誉
53.belief n. 信念，信仰
believe in 对……信仰
54. differ v. 与……不同
名词different
形容词difference
55.independence n. 独立，自主
56.acceptance n. 接受
57.openly adv. 坦率地，公开地
58.mourn v. 悲叹；哀悼
59.object v. 反对；讨厌
object to doing sth. 反对做某事
60.helpessness n. 无可奈何；无能为力
61.oncoming adj. 即将来临的，临近的
62.significant adj. 有含义的；意味深长的
63.style n. 作风；风格；方式
64.evaluate v. 评价
二、课文分析
Freedom in Dying
1.The process of dying involves fewer and fewer choices available to us. Even in dying, however, we still have choices concerning how we handle what is happening to us. The following account deals with the dying of Jim Morelock, a student and close friend of mine.
人快要死的时候，选择的余地越来越少。不过，即使是面临死亡，我们还是可以选择面对死亡的方式。以下的叙述是关于Jim Morelock死亡的情况，Jim Morelock是我的学生也是我的朋友。
involves 包含，意味着
available 可利用的，可得到的
2.Jim is 25 years old. He is full of life- witty , bright honest, and actively questioning. He had just graduated from college as a human services major and seemed to have a bright future when his illness was discovered.
吉姆25岁，他充满活力--诙谐、机敏、正直、好问。他刚从大学民政服务专业毕业，前程无量，可就在此时他得了病。
3.About a year and a half age, Jim developed a lump on his fore-head and underwent surgery to have it removed. At that time, his doctors believed that it was not a canner. Later, more tumors appeared, and more surgery followed. Several months ago, Jim found out that the tumors had spread throughout his body and that even with treatment, he would have a short life. Since that time he has steadily grown weaker and has been able do less and less; yet he has shown remarkable courage in the way he has faced this loss and his dying.
大约在一年半之前，吉姆额头等上长了一个肿块，动手术把肿块给切除了。那时，医生不认为他得的是癌症。然而，不久以后更多的瘤子出现了，而且做了更多的手术。几个月后，吉姆发现肿瘤已扩散到全身（指内脏），即使治疗他也活不长。
从那以后，他变得越来越虚弱了，而且能做的事情越来越少。然而，而对这种机能的丧失和生命的衰亡，他表现出了极大的勇气。
4.Some time ago Jim came to California, and took part in the weekend seminar that
I had with reviewers of this book. On this chapter, he commented that although we may not have a choice concerning the losses we suffer in dying, we do retain the ability to choose our attitude toward our death.
前些时，吉姆来到加利福尼亚，参加了我组织的本书评论家周末讨论会。他在评论本章（Death and Loss）时说，尽管我们无法避免生命衰亡过程中的各种机能的衰退，但我们却完全能够选择对待死亡的态度。
注意：concerning =about
They held a meeting concerning citizens' complaints.
他们召开了一个有关市民投诉的会议。
He refused to answer questions concerning his private life.
他拒绝回答关于他个人生活的问题
5.Jim has taught me a lot during these past few months about this enduring capacity for choice, even in extreme circumstances. Jim has made many critical choices since being told of his illness. He chose to continue taking a course at the university, because he liked the contact with the people there.
在过去的几个月中，吉姆以实际行动向我展示了人的这种长期不断地做出决策的能力，特别是在极端困难的情况下做出决策的能力。自从得知他的病情以来，吉姆做出了许许多多关键性的决定。由于他喜欢与大学的人接触，他决定继续在大学选一门课。
choose to do sth. 选择做某事
choose的过去式为：chose
choose的过去分词：chosen
choose的名词：choice
He worked hard at a boat dock to support himself.
他在一个船坞打工来养活自己。
注意：
support 养活
He has a wife and three children to support.
他要养活妻子和三个孩子。
He decided to undergo treatment, even though he knew that it most likely would not result in his cure, because he hoped that it would reduce his pain. It did not, and Jim has suffered much agony during the past few months. He decided not to undergo chemical treatment because he didn't want to prolong his life if he couldn't really live fully. He made a choice to accept God in his life, which gave him a full sense of peace. Before he became bedridden, he decided to go to Hawaii and enjoy his time in luxury.
他知道他的病治愈的希望微乎其微，但他决定进行治疗，因为他希望治疗能减轻他的痛苦。然而，这种治疗并没有减轻他的痛苦，吉姆在过去的几个月中受得不"非人"的罪。他决定不去进行化疗，因为要是他不能真正活得充实，他何必去延长生命。他决定信教，成为基督徒，这使他内心十分宁静。在他卧床不起之前，他决定到夏威夷去，高高兴兴地度过他已不多的时光。
6.Jim has always disliked hospitals- so he chose to remain at home, in more personal surroundings. As long as he was able, he read widely and continued to write in his diary about his thoughts and feelings on living and dying. With his friends, he played his guitar and sang songs that he had written. He maintained an active interest in life and in the things around him, without denying the fact that he was dying. 吉姆一直都特别讨厌医院，所以他宁愿留在家里，留在更具人情味的环境里。只要身体状况允许，他广泛地读书，一如既往地在日记里写下他对生与死的想法和感受。和朋友们在一起时，他可以弹吉它，唱一些自己作曲的歌。他从不回避他将不久于人世这个事实，但对生活、对周围的事物的热忱却一如既往。
7.More than anyone I have known or heard about, Jim has taken care of unfinished business. He made it a point to gather his family and tell them his wishes,
在安排列前未竟之事方面，吉姆比我所知道或听说的任何人都做得周到。他特意把家人召集在一起，讲述了他身后的愿望。
注意：make it a point to do sth./make a point of doing sth. 特意做某事，仔细做某
事
We made a point of thanking the host before we left.
我们离开前特意向主人道了谢。
he made contact with all his friends and said everything he wanted to say to them. He clearly stated his desire for cremation; he wants to burn those tumors and then have his ashes scattered over the sea - a wish that reflects his love of freedom and movement.
他和所有的朋友取得了联系，对他们讲了他想说的话。他明确表示了将尸体火化的愿望，他想把那些瘤子全部烧毁，将他的骨灰撒入大海，这一愿望反映出他对自由的热爱，他对活动的向往（因为海水永远流动，因为大海享受自由，不受拘束）。
8.Jim has very little freedom and movement now, for he can do little except lie in his bed and wait for his death to come. To this day he is choosing to die with dignity, and although his body is getting weaker and weaker, his spirit is still very much alive. He retains his mental sharpness, his ability to say a lot in a very few words, and his sense of humor. He has allowed himself to grieve over his losses. As he puts it, " I'd sure like to hang around to enjoy all those people that love me!" Realizing that this isn't possible, Jim is saying good-bye to all those who are close to him. 然而，吉姆已经享受不到自由了，再也不能活动了，因为现在除了躺在他那床上等待死神之外，他什么也做不了了。直到今天，他仍然坚持死也要死得有尊严，尽管他的身体一天比一天虚弱，他的精神仍然非常饱满。他保持了敏捷的思维，言简意赅和表达能力，以及他的幽默感。他不掩盖自己对于失去这一切而感到的悲痛。正像他自己所说的：“我当然愿意活下去，享受与爱我的人在一起快乐！”
当他意识到这已经不再可能时，他向亲近的人告别。
9.Throughout this suffering, Jim's mother has been truly great. When she told me how remarkable Jim has been in complaining so rarely despite his constant pain, I reminded her that I'd never heard her complain during her months of caring for Jim. 在整个吉姆得病到去逝的过程当中，吉姆的妈妈一直很伟大。她对我说，吉姆遭受持续的病痛折磨，却极少怨天尤人，真是了不起。她说这话时，我对她说，在她护理吉姆的几个月里，我也从未听到她抱怨过。
注意：
care for 照看
Jane spent years caring for her sick aunt.
简几年来一直在照料她生病的姨妈。
I have been continually amazed by her strength and courage, and I have admired her willingness to honor Jim's wishes and accept his beliefs, even though at times they have differed from her own.
她的坚强和勇气，频频令我惊讶。此外，尽管有时候母子俩人的意愿和信仰大相径庭，她却能按吉姆的意愿行事，不干涉他的信仰，这使我十分钦佩。
注意：
at times 有时
We usually spend our holidays in the mountains. However, we go to the beach at times. 我们通常到山上度假，有时我们去海边。
She has shown how much she loves him without depriving him of his free spirit and independence.
她表现出对儿子深厚的爱，但决不干预他精神上的自主，以及他的独立人格。
注意：
deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺某人sth.
For a long time, black people in the country were deprived of their civil rights. 在很长一段时间里那个国家的黑人被剥夺了公民权。
Her acceptance of Jim's dying and her willingness to hide nothing from him have given his the opportunity to express openly whatever he feels. Jim has been able to grieve and mourn because she has not objected to this.
她本人接受吉姆不久于人世的事实，她也不向吉姆隐瞒事实的真相，这样吉姆就可以公开表示自己的任何感受。吉姆之所以该悲痛悲痛，该伤心就伤心，正是因为在他悲痛、伤心时，母亲决不去劝他强忍。
10.This experience has taught me much about dying and about living. Through Jim,
I have learned that I don't have to do very much for a person who is dying except to be with him or her by being myself . So often I have left a sense of helplessness, of not knowing what to say or how much to say, of not knowing what to ask or not to ask, of feeling unable to speak. Jim's oncoming death seems such a loss, and it's very difficult for me to accept it .Gradually, however, I have learned not to be so concerned about what to say or not to say. In fact, in my last visit I said very little, but I feel that we made sig-nificant contact with each other. I've also learned to share with him the sadness I feel, but there is simply no easy way to say good-bye to a friend.
这个经历教会了我很多关于死亡和活着的道理。通过和吉姆相处，我认识到为一个不久于人世的人我不必做许多事，只需自自然然地和他或她在一起。很多时候，我都有一种不知所措又无能为力的感觉，不知道，说什么，该说什么，不知道该问什么，不该问什么，感觉说不出什么话来。吉姆即将来临的过逝这件事情好像如此的让人失落，而且对我来说是很难接受的。不过，后来我逐渐明白了，根本不必在意该说什么，不该说什么。事实上，我最后一次去看望他时，我没有说什么话，但是我感到我们彼此之间，相互心领神会，一切尽在不言中。我也逐渐学会了让他知道，我是多么难过。不过和朋友最后告别是多么不容易啊。
Jim is showing me that his style of dying will be no different from his style of living. By his example and by his words, Jim has taught me how to evaluate my own life.
吉姆的一生向我表明，他对待死亡的态度同他对待生命的态度是一样的。吉姆用行动，及语言，让我学会了如何审视自己的生活。
三、语法与练习
（一）Useful Expressions
choose to do 决定，宁愿
make contact with 联系，联络
grieve over /about/at/for 因……悲伤或悲叹
be close to 与……近；与……亲近
remind sb. that 提醒某人……
remind sb of sth 提醒某人某件事
hide…from sb. 对某人隐瞒……
（二）Vocabulary Exercises
1.From words according to the following rules of word formation.
动词+-ing (正在……的；使人……的)→形容词如：
changing 正在变化的
following 接着的
surprising 使人惊讶的
burning 燃烧的
exciting 使人兴奋的
动词+-ing（表示行为或过程）→名词如：
swimming 游泳
walking 散步
shopping 购物
driving 驾驶
working 工作
动词+-ing(表示动作的结果或产物) →名词如：
building 建筑物
wedding 婚礼
earnings 赚的钱
savings 存款
shavings 刨花
名词+-ing（表示职业或技能）→名词如：
tailoring 裁缝业
shoemaking 制鞋业
banking 银行业；银行学
accounting 会计学
hairdressing 理发业
（三）Grammar
Clauses of Real Condition
条件状语从句分为真实条件句和非真实条件句（或虚拟条件句）。
1.真实条件句的基本形式
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail.
如果你拉猫的尾巴，它会抓伤你的。
If you want something really badly, you'll probably get it .
如果你十分想要得到某个东西，你或许就会得到它。
If you haven't got any money, you will think it's the most important thing in the world.
如果你没有钱，你就会认为钱是世界上最重要的东西。
2.基本形式可能发生的变化
1）条件从句为一般现在时，主句的变化
（1）may/might(可能性)
If the weather gets worse, the planes may/might not be able to take off in time. 如果天气情况变坏，飞机可能不能按时起飞。
（2）may(允许)/can(允许或能力)
If you want to write a paper on the subject, you may/can take the book with you. 如果你想就这个题目写篇论文，你可以把这本书带走。
（3）must或should或任何表示命令、请求或劝告的形式。
If you want to succeed, you must/should study hard.
如果你想成功，你就必须努力学习。
If the plane is late, would you please inform me ?
如果飞机晚点了，请通知我，好吗？
（4）用现在时，表示状态或必然的结果
If the front light comes on, the battery is O.K.
如果车的前灯亮了，电池就没问题了。
2）if从句的各种变化
（1）用现在进行时，表示现在正在进行的动作
I don't mind hard work, if I'm working for myself.
如果我是在给自己干活，我是不会在乎活有多艰难。
If you are talking to him now, give him my best regards.
如果你正在跟他谈话，请代我向他问好。
（2）用现在完成时，表示从句中的动作已完成，强调动作的结果
If you have finished your work, you can go now.
如果你已干完活了，你可以走了。
If you have lost your car, you should report it to the police.
如果你丢了车，你应该报警。
（3）用be going to 表示从句中的动作即将发生或已在计划之中
If you are going to the car tomorrow, I'll have to stay at home.
如果明天你要用车，我就得待在家里。
If you are going to the U.S. you'll need a visa.
如果你计划去美国，你得有签证。
Lesson13第二学时
一、回答课文问题
注意：下面列出的题目必须能做到熟练并准确地写出画线部分！划红线的句子尤其应该重点记忆。
第10题 In Freedom in Dying, Jim's mother has been great because she is remarkable for her strength, courage and her willingness to let Jim do what he wants, and she hides nothing from Jim.
在这一课，吉姆的妈妈是非常坚强伟大的，因为她非常坚强有勇气。她愿意让吉姆做他想做的东西，而且她从不在吉姆面前隐藏任何东西。
Jim's mother is different from many other mothers in two ways: Firstly, she accepts her son's dying, respects his wishes and allows him to spend his last days in the way he wants. Second, she hides nothing from him.
吉姆的妈妈与其他妈妈的不同之处有两个：第一，她接受自己的孩子即将死亡，尊敬孩子的愿望而且允许孩子用自己想要的方式来度过自己最后的日子。第二，她在孩子面前从不隐藏。（一）Vocabulary Exercises
1.Form words according to the following rules of word formation.
（1）farming 农种
fighting 打架
parking 停车
encouraging鼓舞人心的... 可奖励的
winning 胜利的
（2）growing 正在生长
developing 正在发展
suffering 痛苦
printing 打印
painting 画
（3）sailing 航行
exchanging 交换的
missing 丢失的
closing 亲近的
teaching 教学
2.Translate the following sentences into English.
1）你们学校有供学生使用的计算机吗？
Are there any computers available to the students in your school?
2）他需要一本国际关系方面的书。
He needs a book on international relations.
3）洪水过后许多人都染上了这种疾病。
Many people developed this disease after flood.
4）他在与癌症作斗争的过程中表现出了非凡的勇气。
He showed remarkable courage in fighting cancer.
5）由于当前的经济危机，这个国家几乎所有的银行都蒙受了巨大的损失。
Nearly all the banks in this country suffered great losses due to present economic crisis.
6）许多国家都对加了这个保护环境的运动。
Many countries took part in the environmental protection activities.
7）在家她宁愿说汉语，因为汉语是她的母语。
Prefer to choose to do
she chose to speak Chinese at home because it is her mother language.
母语的另外一种说法"mother tongue"
8）他特别留意用一句俏皮话来开始他的演讲。
He made it a point to start with a witty remark.
9）为已逝去的时光感到悲伤是没有用的。你能做的就是抓住今天。
It's no use grieving over past days. All you can do now is to seize today.
10）第三世界的许多孩子都被剥夺了受教育的权利。
Many children are deprived of right to education.
11）他用言传身教的方式教会了我们如何活得有尊严。
By his example and his words, he taught us how to live with dignity.
12）我反对对她隐瞒这个消息。
I object to hiding the news from her.
3.Put suitable prepositions or adverbs in the blanks.
1）We graduated from the same university in the same year.
2）The president didn't want to comment on his trip to the Middle East.
3）I don't think she has the ability to cope with the problems all by herself. 4）I should have come to see you earlier. But no one told me _of /about your illness. 5）Dick graduated from college as a history major, but he finally turned out to be a TV star.
6）At college, they were close friends, though at times they argued about what life would be like in the next century.
7）His strong desire for both money and power resulted in his quick downfall.（堕落）。
8）To this day, thirty years after the meeting, she remembers vividly how the leaders of the two countries exchanged views on the future of the world.
9）As a sportsman ,he is remarkable in nobly accepting defeat after defeat and in never giving up.
10）He was very much concerned about his wife's health, so he tried to keep all bad news from her.
11）We must bear in mind that the way of life in the West is very different from ours.
12）Love means that you let the other person develop the way he chooses without forcing him or her to do what you want.
4.Put the correct words from the list below in the blanks.
In order to learn a foreign language well, one should not be afraid of making mistakes. If the most important（1）（goal）of language use is communication, then mistakes are（2）（less）important considerations, and they may be dealt（3）（with）gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not （4）（fail）
to pay attention to their mistakes. The language learner may（5）（observe）how native speakers（6）（express）themselves and how native expressions differ from the（7）（way）the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying "I do it" to express willingness to do something in the（8）（immediate） future, could, by talking with native speakers of English, observe that native speakers in fact say "I'll do it ." The resulting（9）（difference）can be a basis for the student to correct his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to meet people and talk in the first（10）（place）would lose this opportunity to learn by trial（实验）and error（错误）。
（二）Grammar Exercises
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d3126509.html,plete the following sentences with the correct verb form.
1）You'd better take the day off if you not feeling（not feel）very well now. 2）The baby is（be）OK if you find him sleeping soundly.
3）If you have finished（finish）with your dictionary, I'd like to borrow it . 4）If you don't take（not take）the book back to the library tomorrow, you'll have
pay a fine.
5）You can use my phone if yours not working（not work）.
6）If the light in his room is on , he is（be）at home.
7）If he pays（pay）me next week, I'll have enough money for a birthday cake. 8）If you have handed（hand）in your examination paper, why are you still here? 9）If the bus doesn't come（not come）in five minutes, I'll be late for work. 10）It'll only take half an hour to finish the task if he agrees（agree）to help us.
2.Translate the following sentences into English.
1）如果他的活干完了，就叫他回去吧。
If he has finished his task, tell him to go home.
3）如果我遇到一头熊，我爬到树上去会有用吗？
If I run into a bear, will it be useful for me to climb a tree?
6）如果现在机器发生噪音，你应该立刻停止使用它。
If the machine is making noise, You should stop it immediately.
7）如果你讨厌你的工作，为什么不辞掉呢？
If you dislike your job, why not quit?
10）你跟警察说实话，他们会相信你的。
If you tell truth to the police, they will believe you.
二、补充练习
阅读理解
Birds Migration
鸟类迁徙
Why don't birds get lost on their long migratory flights? Scientist have puzzled over this question for many years. Now they are beginning to fill in the blanks. 为什么鸟类在它们长长的飞行中不会走失呢？科学家们对这个问题已经困扰了很多年了。现在他们填补这块的空白。
Not long ago, experiments showed that birds rely on the sun to guide them during daylight hours. But what about birds that fly mainly by night? Tests with artificial stars have proved conclusively that certain night -flying birds are able to follow the stars in their long-distance flights.
不久前，实验表明鸟类是依靠太阳引导它们在白天进行飞行。但是只在夜间飞行的鸟没有太阳它们依靠什么来指引呢？用人工吸性模拟实验最终证明了一些夜间飞行的鸟类实际上能在它们长途飞行中，寻着星星的轨迹走。
One such bird-a warbler-had spent its lifetime in a cage and had never flown under a natural sky. Yet it showed an inborn ability to use the stars for guidance. The bird's cage was placed under an artificial star-filled sky at migration time. The bird tried to fly in the same direction as that taken by his outdoor cousins. Any change in the position of the make-believe stars caused a change in the direction of his flight.
一只这样的鸟一生都在笼子中度过，从来没有在自然的天空中飞行过。然而，这鸟却表现出一种与生俱来的能力，能够通过星星给其作引导。这只鸟的笼子被放在一个由人工星星覆盖的天空下，鸟类都有自己的迁徙时间。结果这鸟一辈子都没有在真正的天空中飞行，但是如
果放在一个有人工星星模拟的天空中，这只鸟就会和它在户外的兄弟们一样飞向同样的方向。如果对人工星星的位置进行变化就会引起小鸟飞行方向的变化。
Scientists think that warblers, when flying in daylight, use the sun for guidance.But the stars are apparently their principal means of navigation (航行). What do they do when the stars are hidden by clouds? Apparently, they find their way by such landmarks as mountain ranges, coast lines, and river courses. But when it's too dark to see these, the warblers circle helplessly, unable to get their bearings.
科学家们认为，这种小鸟在白天飞行时就用太阳来进行引导，如果在夜间就用星星来进行导航。然而星星是它们首要航行的方式。如果星星被去挡住了以后它们怎么办呢？显然，它们就会通过地标，如山或者海岸线，或者河道。但当天太暗了，以致无法看到地面标志时，而星星又被挡住了时，此时小鸟就会无助的盘旋找不到自己的方向。
1.The reasons why birds don't get lost on migratory flights（B）
A.have been known to scientists for years
B.have only recently been discovered
C.are known by everyone
D.will probably remain unknown
2.Birds that fly mainly at night follow （A）
A.the stars
B.the moon
C.artificial stars
D.the lights of cities
3.The experiment with the warbler indicated that（D）
A.birds have to be taught to navigate
B.a bird that has been caged will not migrate
C.some birds cannot fly at night
D.some birds seem instinctively to follow the stars when flying at night
4.Warblers migrate（C）
A.from North America to South America
B.only once during their lifetime
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d3126509.html,ing the sun, the moon or landmarks for guidance
D.when they are freed from their cages
5.This article is a good example of the way scientist（B）
A.jump to conclusions
B.discover workable answers to general questions by studying particular cases
C.formulate a law and then investigate
D.are frustrated by the habits of animals
注：
warbler 小鸟
bearing (方位)
Ⅰ.语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. He was educated at the local grammar school, after ______ he went on to Cambridge. A. when B. what C. which D. where 2. There’s no ______ to make an appointment. Just come to my office anytime after 10 in the morning. A. time B. need C. good D. chance 3. —Could I have a look at your essay to get a few ideas? —______ A. Sure. Why not? B. Yes, that’s right. C. Don’t mention it. D. That sounds great. 4. Even if you fail the first time, you should ______ trying. A. hold on B. go on C. work out D. carry out 5. A tall man walked into the bar in a woollen sweater, a jacket ____ at his waist. A. to tie B. tie C. ties D. tied 6. My father is a businessman and is often away from home. Sometimes I wish that he ______ making less money. A. will be B. has been C. were D. is 7. Technology has indeed had a direct ______ on our life today. A. change B. effort C. effect D. role 8. ______ you stop working for a while, you will be tired out. A. As B. Unless C. If D. When 9. Biological science should be developed to do good ______ harm to people. A. other than B. less than C. better than D. rather than 10.______ it was getting dark, we decided to stop at a hotel for the night. A. Since B. If C. Though D. That 11. The two boys look very much alike, but Robert is ______ one. A. the tallest B. the taller C. tall D. taller 12. The teacher, as well as three of his students, ______ taken an interest in traditional Chinese painting. A. is B. are C.has D. have 13. If I ______ harder at mathematics in school, I would have a much better chance of getting a good job. A. worked B. had worked C. were to work D. were working 14. Gone are the days ______ I was young and as strong as a horse.
Lesson Sixteen The Letter “A”(II) 一、词汇 intelligence n. 智力，理解力 apparent adj. 明显的 toe n. （人的）脚趾（finger 手指） kitchen n. 厨房 imprison v. 禁锢，限制 imprisonment n. 禁锢，限制 long v. 渴望 reward v. 报答，回报 open adj. 无遮掩的 triumph n. 胜利，成功 uncertainty n. 不确定，不明确 inside adv. 在里面 glow n. 不刺眼的光，柔和的光 giant adj. 巨人般的，特大的 sum n. 算术题；运算，计算 slate n. （旧时学童用的书写工具）石板 prop v. 支撑 slender adj. 细长的，纤细的 vivid adj. （指光线或颜色）鲜艳的，鲜明的 fascinate v. 使（某人）着迷或极感兴趣 puzzle n. 令人费解的事（或人） useless adj. 无用的 impolitely adv. 不礼貌的，粗鲁的 impulse n. 冲动，一时的念头 scribble n. 潦草的字迹，乱写或乱画的东西 dazed adj. 茫然的 surprised adj. 感到惊讶的，感到惊奇的 aware adj. 意识到，觉察到 stir v. （微微地）动；活动；摇晃 midway adv. 在中途，在中间 tension n. （精神上的）紧张，不安 grip （gripped, gripped） v. 紧抓，紧握 kneel （knelt, knelt） v. 跪下 choke v. （使）难以呼吸 deliberately adv. 不慌不忙地，从容不迫地；故意地 freeze （froze, frozen） v. 使（人）呆住不动的 immobile adj. 静止的，不能移动的 stillness n. 平静，沉默 profound adj. 深的，极度的 ticking n. （指钟等发出）滴答声
精品自学考试资料推荐 全国 2019年 10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 I .用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从 A 、 B 、 C 和 D 四个选项中选岀一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上 本大题共 30 小题，每小题 1 分，共 30 分） 1.This dress cost me （ ） the one I am wearing.A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we （ ） have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn't 4.John's never been to London. （ ） . 6.My sister has always regretted （ ） the opportunity to go to college. 7.I （ ）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. C. want D. have been wanting 8. Cynthia said that she was not feeling well, （ ） A. didn't she B. did she 9. （ ） is reported in today's newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10. （ ）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11. Looking out of the window, （ ） outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 将所选答案的字母涂黑。 C. wouldn't D. not to 3.Our team ） three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won B. not A. And hasn't Tom B. Nor Tom hasn't C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn't neither 5.I'm interested in （ ） you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken A. have wanted B. had wanted C. wasn't she D. was she
综合英语（一）下 Lesson One The Story of an Hour 一小时的故事 Kate Chopin Learning Guide 一位已婚女士闻其丈夫惨死于火车事故，不顾自己衰弱的心脏能否经受得住，当即入放声痛哭，随后又不顾亲友的劝告将自己锁在屋内。她推开窗子，迎来外面雨后的一片春意盎然。那充满生机的景象突然唤醒了长期隐藏在她心底深处的愿望，她感到了身心从未有过的自由。正当她憧憬着未来的自由时?? 1They knew that Louise Mallard had a weak heart. So they broke the bad news gently. Her husband, Brently, was dead. 他们知道路易丝·马拉德的心脏不太好，所以把坏消息透露给她时非常委婉。她的丈夫布伦特里死 了 2“ There was a train accident, Louise, ” said her sister Josephine, quietly. 3Her husband's friend, Richards, brought the news, but Josephine told the story. She spoke in broken 4“ Richards ?waast the newspaper office. News of the accident came. Louise ?Lou iBsere, ntly's name was on the list. Brently ?was killed, Louise. ” “出了一次火车事故，路易丝。”姐姐约瑟芬轻声说道。带来消息的是她丈夫的朋友理查兹，但告诉她的是约瑟芬。约瑟芬在讲述时语不成句。 “理查兹当时正在报社，消息传了过来。路易丝??路易丝，死者的名单上有布伦特里的名字。布 伦特里??遇难了，路易丝。” 5Louise did not hear the story calmly, like some women would.She could not close her mind or her heart to the news. Like a sudden storm , her tears broke out . She cried, at once, loudly in her sister's arms. Then, just as suddenly, the tears stopped. She went to her room alone. She would not let anyone follow her. 路易丝听到这个噩耗，没有像有些妇女所可能表现的那样平静。她不可能做到无动于衷。泪水像突如其 来的暴雨，夺眶而出。她立时呼号起来，在姐姐的怀里放声大哭。随后她的泪水就像它们突然来时的那样又突然止住了。她独自走进自己的房间，不让任何人跟着进去。 6In front of the window stood a large, comfortable armchair. Into this she sank and looked out of the window. She was physically exhausted after her tears. Her body felt cold; her mind and heart were empty. 7Outside her window she could see the trees. The air smelled like spring rain. She could hear someone singing far away. Birds sang near the house. Blue sky showed between the clouds. She rested. 窗前放着一把又大又舒适的扶手椅。她疲惫地坐到椅子上，向窗外望去。哭过之后，她筋疲力尽。她浑身冰凉，脑子里和心里一片空白
??????????????????????精品自学考试资料推荐?????????????????? 全国 2018 年 7 月自学考试综合英语（一）试题 课程代码： 00794 Ⅰ、词法和词汇。从 A 、 B、 C、 D 四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母填在答题纸相应的位置上。（本大题共20 小题，每小题 1 分，共 20 分） 1 .Tom has three _____. A. brothers-in-law B. brother-in-laws C. brother-in-law D. brothers in law 2. Measles (麻疹 ) _____ a long time to get over. A. take B. takes C. spend D. spends 3. I caught the last bus from town; but Tom came home __ than I. A. more late B. more later C. even later D. the later 4. It _____ that the young Marine was not the old man ’ s son. A. turned out B. came to C. happened to D. looked out 5. The wind died ____ and it began to rain. A. off B. out C. up D. away 6. You shouldn ’ t take _____ of that child who knows nothing about it. A. chance B. advantage C. away D. benefit 7. In America, many white people are _____ the black people. A. prejudiced to B. prejudicing against C. prejudiced against D. prejudiced at 8. The soldier reported what he had seen to the general _____. A. an time B. upon time 1
系动词 系动词，亦称连系动词（Link Verb）。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。英语除动词be 之外，还有一些动词也可以做系动词，如表示状态或情况的：keep, look, feel, appear, lie, remain, seem, stay, smell, sound, taste等；以及表示变化的：get, grow, turn, fall, run, become, go, 等。 1. to be 可以加在seem, prove, remain, appear 等系动词和其后的名词或形容词之间，但也可以省略。 E.g. The task proved (to be) impossible. E.g. They seem (to be) such friendly people, but they never replied to our invitation. 注意：在seem, appear 等词后，可加其他非to be 不定式，但这时他们不是系动词，而是不及物动词。 Courtesy, politeness, good manner? Call it what you will, the supply never seems to equal the demand. 非人称代词it 做句子的形式主语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. It is absurd to be afraid under such circumstances. 2. 代表动名词 E.g. It is terrible trying to keep up with the Jones. 3. 代表that 引导的从句 E.g. It is plain to everyone that she was offended. 4. 代表wh- 引导的从句 E.g. As long as he finishes his work, it doesn’t matter when he comes to the office. 做句子的形式宾语 1. 代表不定式 E.g. They found it difficult to get along with him. 2. 代表从句 E.g. I think it best that you (should) stay with me. E.g. He soon made it clear why he had asked a conference. 用来改变句子结构，使句子某一成分得到强调
全国自考英语《综合英语一》历年真题详解 2015年全国自考《综合英语（一）》真题及详解 课程代码：00794 选择题部分 I. 语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子，从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项的字母涂黑。（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20） 1. Down about two hundred yards _____ three logs right across the stream. A. is B. are C. have D. has 【答案】B查看答案 【解析】句意：沿着溪流对面向下二百码的地方，有三根木头。方位副词down 位于句首，句子全部倒装，谓语动词与主语three logs保持一致，用复数形式。B项符合题意，故选B项。 2. She has always enjoyed reading newspapers, magazines and books, all of _____ have been of great help to her in television reporting. A. that B. them
D. which 【答案】D查看答案 【解析】句意：她一直都很喜欢阅读报纸、杂志和书籍，这些对她在电视上的报道有很大的帮助。两个句子都有谓语动词，且用逗号隔开，故为非限定性定语从句，只能用关系代词which引导。D项符合题意，故选D项。 3. The reason _____ his being late was that the flight he took had been delayed. A. of B. in C. for D. with 【答案】C查看答案 【解析】句意：他迟到的原因是航班延误了。the reason for 为固定搭配，表示“……的原因”。C项符合题意，故选C项。 4. Keep trying, and you’ll figure it out. You know _____ they say: if at first you don’t succeed, try, try again. A. why B. what C. how
全国2019年10月高等教育自学考试 综合英语（一）试题 课程代码：00794 Ⅰ.用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题纸上将所选答案的字母涂黑。（本大题共30小题，每小题1分，共30分） 1.This dress cost me（）the one I am wearing. A. twice as much as B. as twice much as C. as much twice as D. much as twice as 2.John suggested that we（）have the evening party this Sunday. A. didn’t B. not C. wouldn’t D. not to 3.Our team（）three matches so far this year, and we still have some more games to play. A. was winning B. has won C. wins D. had won 4.John’s never been to London.（）. A. And hasn’t Tom B. Nor Tom hasn’t C. Neither has Tom D. Tom hasn’t neither 5.I’m interested in（）you told me that day. A. all that B. which C. all what D. that 6.My sister has always regretted（）the opportunity to go to college. A. not to take B. not take C. having not taken D. not having taken 7.I（）to attend a social gathering, but something came up. A. have wanted B. had wanted C. want D. have been wanting 8.Cynthia said that she was not feeling well,（） A. didn’t she B. did she C. wasn’t she D. was she 9.（）is reported in today’s newspaper, a medical team will be sent to the western area of the country. A. It B. Which C. That D. As 10.（）cold and windy, most children in the community stayed indoors. A. Being B. It being C. It was D. To be 11.Looking out of the window, （）outside. A. it was a young man B. there was a young man C. a young man was D. I saw a young man 1
全国2018年7月自考综合英语(一)试题 课程代码：00794 I. 用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将其代码填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. I planned（）the task before last Sunday, but failed because of a bad cold. A. to finish B. to have finished C. finishing D. having finished 2. Tom has been writing letters all morning, but he should finish them by now,（）? A. has he B. hasn’t he C. should he D. shouldn’t he 3. We can make some changes in the plan（）you find anything improper. A. in case B. unless C. so that D. even though 4. The manner in which he talked reminded me（）his grandfather. A. in B. by C. of D. towards 5. He has made another wonderful discovery,（）of great importance to science. A. I think which it B. which I think is C. that I think is D. which I think it is 6. It’s 10∶00 a.m. Mr. Johnson（）home now, for he told me that he would meet me in his office at this time. A. must be B. mustn’t be C. can be D. can’t be 1
自考课程综合测验 综合英语（一）试卷 （课程代码 00794 ） 一．语法和词汇填空。阅读下面的句子或对话，从A 、B 、C 和D 四个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 1. There has been ____growth in industry this year than there should have been. A. much B. most C. little D. less 2. When you expect too much of others, you are ____ to become disappointed. A. timely B. probable C. likely D. possible 3. It is necessary ____ technical training for all the new employees. A. to provide B. to be provided C. providing D. being provided 4. The mass media keep us well ____ of what is happening in the world which would otherwise remain unknown. A. concerned B. exposed C. acquainted D. informed 5. She____ blame other people for her troubles than admit her own mistakes. A. would rather B. had better C. prefers to D. has to 6. Problems may come up when people have no ____of the law. A. message B. knowledge C. information D. intelligence 7. You have little chance of getting the job____ you have professional training. A. unless B. as if C. in case D. so that 8. The Eight O’clock News will have a(n)____ report of the important meeting in Paris. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively 9. Mary ran ____ one of her college teachers in the supermarket yesterday. A. out B. across C. over D. by 10. To everyone’s disappointment, his plan failed ____ all his efforts. A. in spite of B. as a result of C. for the sake of D. in the interest of 二、用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分）（注意：使用新式或老式音标均可） 11. project 12. oxygen 13. avenue 14. various 15. dishonest 三、根据所学课文内容完成句子。（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共15分） 16. In “The Great Idea of Mr. Budd”, William Strickland was arrested by the police because ____. 17. The young man in “The Outside Chance” bought ‘tomorrow’s paper”, which reported the results of ____ and the news about a factory disaster in his hometown. 18. Hans Christian Andersen finally realized that “it doesn’t matter if you are born in a duck -yard, as long as ____.” 19. In “Freedom in Dying”, Jim’s mother has been truly great. She has shown how much she loves Jim without depriving him of his ____. 20. In “The Emotional Bank Account”, the author notes that, in relationships, the little things are the big things, and that they go a long way toward building ____. 四、汉译英。（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分） 21.他问我这本书是否已被译成英语。 22.他跟我讲话的方式我接受不了。 23.这个故事告诉我们一个道理：幸福不是终点，而是过程。 24.那位妇女在得知丈夫的死讯后放声大哭。 年级 班级 准考证号 姓名
Lesson Twelve: Selling the Post （II）打印本页 I. Outline of the Text Part 1: （Para. 1） The 1930’s were a hard period for the Bakers and Russell’s father had died. Part 2: （Paras. 2-17） Russell proved to be a poor salesman. He was too shay and timid for the job. Part 3: （Paras. 18-26） Doris proved to be a better salesperson. Part 4: （Paras. 27-33） Mrs. Baker concluded that her son lacked the competitive zeal a salesman needed. And from a composition he wrote Mrs. Baker discovered his talent for writing. Russell decided to become a writer. Ⅱ. Text Part 1: （Para. 1） 1 We lived in Belleville, New Jersey, a commuter town at the northern fringe of Newark. It was 1932,the bleakest year of the Depression. 译文：那是1932年，大萧条时期最不景气的年头。 commuter 通勤者 fringe=edge bleakest=darkest=severest My father had died two years before, leaving us with a few pieces of Sears, Roebuck furniture and not much else, and my mother had taken my sister, Doris, and me to live with one of her younger brothers. 译文：两年前，我父亲去世，除了几件西尔斯和罗巴克家具之外，没给我们留下什么别的东西，我母亲带着我和妹妹多丽丝去投奔她的一个弟弟。 leave sb sth 留给某人某物。 This was my Uncle Allen. Uncle Allen had made something of himself by 1932. As salesman for a soft-drink bottler, he had an income of $30 a week; wore pearl-gray spats, detachable collars, and a three-piece suit; was happily married; and took in threadbare relatives. 译文：他推销一种软饮料装瓶机，每周收入30美元，鞋外套着珠灰色的鞋罩，脖子上有可拆卸的领子，身穿三件套的西服；他婚姻美满；接纳身穿破衣烂衫的亲戚住在他家。 take in：accept threadbare：poor Part 2: （Paras. 2-17） 2 With my load of magazines I headed toward Belleville Avenue. That’s where the
02年04月（有答案） 91.我们靠什么才能实现自己的目标? What do we depend on to achieve our goal? 92.班上所有同学都把老师看作朋友。 All the students in the class regard/look upon their teacher as their friend. 93.桑兰梦想有一天能再站起来。 Sanglan dreams that some day she will be able to get to her feet/stand up again. 94.我们应该永远记住为祖国做出贡献的人们。 We should always remember those who have mad contributions to our country. 95.母亲走进房间时，小男孩假装忙着做作业。 The boy pretend to doing his homework when his mother walked into the room. 96.学校和家长都应教育孩子如何应对困难和失败。 Both schools and parents should teach children how to deal with difficulties and face failures. 97.既然他已经为自己的所作所为道歉了，我们就应该原谅他。 Now that he has apologized for what he did, we should forgive him. 98.他们拒绝做任何会使祖国蒙受耻辱的事情。 They refuse to do anything that may bring the shame on their motherland. 99.他一上午都花在为邻居修理自行车上。He spent the whole morning repairing bicycles for his neighbour 100.我们正在开会，一个陌生人突然闯了进来。 We were having a meeting when a stranger burst into the room. 04年04月（有答案） 91.中国人大多喜欢乘火车而不是乘汽车旅行。 Most Chinese like traveling by train rather than by bus.
自考综合英语一课文 全国高等教育自学考试指定教材综合英语一(上下) 主编徐克荣外语教学与研究出版社 上册 Lesson One The Time Message Elwood N. Chapman Learning Guide 新的学习任务开始之际，千头万绪，最重要的是安排好时间，做时间的主人。本文作者提出 了7点具体建议，或许对你有所启迪。 1 Time is tricky. It is difficult to control and easy to waste. When you look ahead, you think you have more time than you need. For example, at the beginning of a semester, you may feel that you have plenty of time on your hands. But toward the end of the term you may suddenly find that time is running out. You don't have enough time to cover all your duties, so you get worried. What is the answer, Control～ 2 Time is dangerous. If you don't control it, it will control you. If you don't make it work for you, it will work against you. So you must become the master of time, not its servant. As a first-year college student, time management will be your number one problem.
全国2018年1月自学考试综合英语(一)试题 课程代码：00794 I．用适当语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将所选答案的字母写在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1. How many ______ are there in your neighborhood? A. Jones' B. Joneses C. Jone's D. Jonese 2. Where are my glasses? ______ on the desk over there. A. They are B. It is C. There are D. There is 3. He is the ______ when he is reading a novel alone at home. A. happy B. more happy C. happiest D. most happy 4. The teacher told the student to ______ his pronunciation. A. take care of B. pay attention to C. look after D. pay duty to 5. In spite of what we said, he refused to ______ to the police station. A. give away B. give off C. give himself D. give himself up 6. ______ you ______ War and Peace before? A. Had, read B. Have, read C. Are, reading D. Have, been reading 7. My mother wanted to know if I would mind ______ to look after myself. A. leaving B. to be left C. to leave D. being left 8. Since this is the first time she has made such a mistake,, you ______ forgive her. A. could as well B. can as well C. should as well D. might as well 1