II. Grammar and Vocabulary
S ection B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
China’s first private research-oriented university Westlake University, which is backed by some of the country’s biggest business tycoons, was 31 inaugurated on Saturday morning in Hangzhou, East China’s Zhejiang Province, according to media reports.
Westlake University is the first research-oriented university funded by private 32 and supported by the Chinese government in the country, 33 news website reported on Saturday. The non-profit institution was launched by a slew of 34 academia (学术机构) in the country and funded by high-profile business 35 , including Tencent Holdings Ltd Chairman Pony Ma and Wanda Group Chairman Wang Jianlin, according to information on the school’s website.
Headed by Shi Yigong, a biologist and former vice president of the prestigious Tsinghua University in Beijing, Westlake will be 36 to the study of natural science and engineering, with world-class environment and state-of-the-art research facility. Construction for the university started in April and is expected to be completed by 2021. Total investment for the project is ____37____ to be 3.68 billion yuan ($585 million), according to media reports.
The opening of Westlake University also comes as Chinese business leaders are throwing their support behind the country’s education 38 . Several other Chinese business leaders, including Alibaba Group founder Jack Ma Yun and Lenovo Group founder Liu Chuanzhi, have also 39 started a non-profit institution -- Hupan University in Zhejiang. The university was inaugurated in March 2015. Jack Ma, who announced his retirement from Alibaba in September to focus on 40 work, including education, was the university’s first president.
Keys: 31-35 JGBAF 36-40 DHKIC
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
S ection B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Photography is often perceived as an objective, and therefore unbiased, medium for documenting and preserving moments and national and world histories, and for visualizing and narrating news stories. But the choices made by a photographer--including how the image is ____31____, what is left in or out of the frame, and how it may be cropped, edited, or otherwise altered after it is taken--introduce a point-of-view into the photograph and ____32____ impact how we receive and understand images. Such considerations raise critical questions about how willingly we accept any one photograph as a reflection of ____33____ truth.
Photographs can bear ____34____ to history and even serve as catalysts(催化剂) for change. They can foster sympathy and raise awareness or, ____35____, offer critical commentary on historical people, places, and events. Throughout the history of the medium, photographers have aimed to capture the essence of events they saw with their own eyes--though the question of the trustworthiness of their images is always up for debate.
Though Dorothea Lange had been operating a successful portrait studio in San Francisco since 1919, she was moved by the homeless people as the Great Depression began to take its toll, and she started photographing them. These photographs led to her being hired by the federal Farm Security Administration(FSA), formed to raise awareness of and provide aid to poor farmers. Lange closely identified with the FSA’s mission, which was to ____36____ the effects of the Depression on Americans, bringing attention to their struggles so that such events would never recur. Due in part to her work with the FSA, Lange became known as a pioneer of documentary photography, a ____37____ she disliked because she felt the term did not reflect the passionate social motivations that fueled her work.
高中英语选词填空内部编号：（YUUT-TBBY-MMUT-URRUY-UOOY-DBUYI-0128）
https://www.doczj.com/doc/d610182585.html,pletethefollowingpassagewiththewordsorphrasesinthebox.Ea chcanonlybeusedonce（将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次）（共8分） 1 Preparation is the key to success at career fairs as many employers interview on the spot. If you can follow the following ____1____ , you will have more chances of success. Make sure your CV(履历表) is “hard copy ready”. Many CVs are created for email use and don’t always transfer well to paper. Also, ensure your CV is ____2____ for general distribution and not job specific. Ask a career adviser to help prepare and ____3____ your CV. They will advise on content and presentation. The longest queue at any career fair is for the photocopier. ____4____ yourself with plenty of copies of your CV before you go.
2019-2020学年人教版高一数学新教材 全套题库含答案详解 目录 专题01 集合及其表示方法 专题02 集合的基本关系 专题03 集合的基本运算 专题04 《集合》单元测试卷 专题05 命题与量词 专题06 全称量词命题与存在性量词命题的否定 专题07 充分条件、必要条件 专题08 《常用逻辑用语》单元测试卷 专题09 《集合与常用逻辑用语》综合测试卷 专题10 等式的性质与方程的解 专题11 一元二次方程的解集及其根与系数的关系 专题12 方程组的解集 专题13 《等式》单元测试卷 专题14 不等式及其性质 专题15 不等式的解集 专题16 一元二次不等式的解法 专题17 均值不等式及其应用 专题18《不等式》单元测试卷 专题19《等式与不等式》综合测试卷
专题01 集合及其表示方法 一、选择题 1．下列给出的对象中，能表示集合的是（ ）． A ．一切很大的数 B ．无限接近零的数 C ．聪明的人 D ．方程 的实数根 2．已知集合A={x ∈N|-1＜x ＜4}，则集合A 中的元素个数是（ ） A ．3 B ．4 C ．5 D ．6 3．用列举法表示集合正确的是（ ） A. ?2,2 B. {?2} C. {2} D. {?2,2} 4．已知集合A ＝{0,1,2}，则集合B ＝{x －y|x ∈A ，y ∈A}中元素的个数是( ) A ．9 B ．5 C ．3 D ．1 5．下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．我校爱好足球的同学组成一个集合 B ．是不大于3的自然数组成的集合 C ．集合 和 表示同一集合 D ．数1，0，5，，，， 组成的集合有7个元素 6．集合{x |x ≥2}表示成区间是 A ．（2，+∞） B ．[2，+∞） C ．（–∞，2） D ．（–∞，2] 7．集合A ＝{x ∈Z|y ＝ ，y ∈Z}的元素个数为( ) A ．4 B ．5 C ．10 D ．12 8．不等式 的解集用区间可表示为 A ．（–∞，） B ．（–∞，] C ．（，+∞） D ．[，+∞） 9．下列说法正确的是（ ） A ．0与{}0的意义相同 B ．高一（1）班个子比较高的同学可以形成一个集合 {} 2 |40A x x =-=
2017年高考英语必背单词分类汇总(实 2017年高考英语必背单词分类汇总（实用） 一、一周七天 1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday 6. Saturday 7. Sunday 二、一年十二个月 1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October 11. November 12. December 三、一年四季 1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter 四、容易拼写错的数字 1. eighth第八 2. ninth第 九 3. forty四十 4. twelfth第十二 5. twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼 1. daughter (女儿) 2. niece (女性晚辈) 3. nephew (男性晚辈) 4. cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹) 5. aunt (女性长辈) 6. uncle (男性长辈) 五、以下动词加-ed或-ing 要双写最后一个字母 1. regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred,
preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping) 装备 注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不 1 规则变化的动词 1. broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播 2. flee (fled, fled) 逃跑 3. forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止 4. forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅 5. freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰
Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. accurate B. alteration C. average D. calculates E. conceal F. enormously G. initial H. intervals I. merely J. multiply K. prediction Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see. The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 … The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have multiplied to the ten-foot scale, and so on up to the size of the globe.
2017上海高考英语选词填空专项练习
Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Beyond two or three days, the world’s best weather forecasts are based on guesswork, and beyond six or seven they are worthless. The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weather — and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and snowstorms—any ___41___ fails rapidly. Errors and uncertainties ___42___, gathering upward through a chain of unstable features, from dust devils (尘旋风) and windstorms up to continent-size eddies (旋风) ___43___ satellites can see. The modern weather models work with a network of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some ___44___ data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot ___45___ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sensor gives perfectly ___46___ readings of temperature, pressure, dampness, and any other quantity a meteorologist (气象工作者) would want. Exactly at noon a(n) ___47___ powerful computer takes all the data and ___48___ what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03 … The computer will still be unable to predict whether Princeton, New Jersey, will have sun or rain on a day one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will ___49___ alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the ___50___. By 12.01, those alterations will already have
谈虚设零点消元法在导数压轴大题中的应用 ------以 2019 年几道模拟题为例 在高考的导数压轴题中，经常会遇到导函数具有零点但求解又相对比较复杂甚至是无法求解的问题，这个时候，从正面去强求函数的零点值是很困难的，我们不妨只须设出函数的零点，然后利用其满足的关系式，谋求一种整体的替换和过 渡，往往会给我们带来意向不到的效果，最后再结合题目的其他条件，就可以很快 解决这类问题。对于最近的几道地市模拟题的导数压轴题，我们发现它们 用的好像都是同一个方法 -- 虚设零点消元法，只分析第一道，其他同理，顺便再看看之前曾经出现过的两道经典题． 一、【 2019 合肥一模理科 21】 二、【 2019 顺德三模理科 21】 三、【 2019 佛山 3 月统考（北京燕博园）理科21】 四、【 2019 广州一模理科 21】 五、【 2019 广东模拟理科 21】 六、【 2018 广州二模理科 21】 七、【 2013 全国二卷理科 21】 一、【 2019 合肥一模理科21】 21．(本小题满分12 分 ) 已知函数 f (x) e x ln(x 1) ( e 为自然对数的底数 )． (Ⅰ )求函数 f (x) 的单调区间； (Ⅱ )若 g(x) f (x) ax ， a R ，试求函数g(x) 极小值的最大值． 解析： ( Ⅰ) 易知x 1 ，且 f (x) e x 1 . x 1 【求一阶导数发现是超越函数，无法确定导数的零点】 令 h(x) e x 1 ，则 h (x) e x 1 0 ， x 1 (x 1)2 【进一步求二阶导数，发现二阶导数恒大于0, 说明一阶导数递增】 ∴函数 h(x) e x 1 在 x ( 1， ) 上单调递增，且h(0) f (0) 0 . x 1 【找到一阶导数的一个零点，而且是唯一的由负变正的零点，从而确定单调区间】可知，当 x ( 时，h(x) f (x) 0 ， f (x) x ln(x 1) 单调递减； 1, 0) e 当 x (0, ) 时， h(x) f (x) 0 ， f (x) e x ln(x 1) 单调递增. ∴函数 f (x) 的单调递减区间是( 1, 0) ，单调递增区间是 (0, ) . 【反思：有的学生提出，我们很容易就观察得到了h(0) f (0) 0 . 但是，对于
英语词汇分类 1.People 1.baby婴儿 2.being物；生物；人 3.child(复children) n. 孩子，儿童 4.citizen公民,居民,市民 5.civil国,平民(非军人)的；民用 6.panion同伴,同事 7.rade n. 同志 8.crowdn..人群vt. 拥挤，群聚 9.enemy n. 敌人；敌军 10.fellow n. 同伴；伙伴 11.friend[frend] n. 朋友 12.generation n.代,一代 13.guest n. 客人，宾客 14.human a.&n. 人，人类 15.humanbeing 人 16.man(单数，无冠词) n.人,人类（包括男女） 17.neighbour(-bor) n.邻居,邻人 18.partner n. 搭档,股东,舞伴 19.people n. 人，人们；人民 20.personn. 人, 身体, 容貌, 21.population n. 人口 22.publica.公共的,公众n.公众 23.race[reis] n. 种族，民族 24.teenager(13-19)青少年 25.adult 26.kid 2.Sex 1.boyn. 男孩 2.female a. 女性的；雌性的 3.girl n. 女孩 4.gentlemann. 绅士，先生 https://www.doczj.com/doc/d610182585.html,dyn. 女士，夫人 6.sex[seks] n.性，性别, 7.madam/madame夫人,女士 8.male[meil] a. 男的, 雄的, 男 9.man(men) n.男人，成年男子 10.Mr.(mister) n.先生, 阁下 11.Mrs.(mistress)夫人, 太太 12.Ms.[miz] n. 女士, 小姐 13.sirn. 先生；阁下 14.woman n. 妇女,女人,女仆3.Body
2019届高三英语一模汇编——选词填空 1、2019黄浦一模 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. The Nile The ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___. Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood. An early system of ___33___, a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river—___34___ to the way in which a well is used today. The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts（囊肿）. Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body—yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition（迷信）. And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ , the Egyptians thought the stars were gods. By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War Ⅱ. The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, ___39___ the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million—the largest in the Arab world. 答案：31-35GJABD36-40CEIHF 难度：中等
全册综合检测 (时间：120分钟 满分：150分) 一、选择题(本大题共13小题，每小题4分，共52分．在每小题所给的四个选项中，第1～10题只有一项符合题目要求；第11～13题，有多项符合题目要求，全部选对的得4分，选对但不全的得2分，有选错的不得分) 1．已知函数f (x )＝log 2(x ＋1)，若f (a )＝1，则a 的值为( ) A ．0 B ．1 C ．2 D ．3 解析：选B 由题意知log 2(a ＋1)＝1，∴a ＋1＝2，∴a ＝1. 2．函数y ＝x －1·ln(2－x )的定义域为( ) A ．(1,2) B ．[1,2) C ．(1,2] D ．[1,2] 解析：选B 要使解析式有意义，则? ?? ?? x －1≥0， 2－x ＞0，解得1≤x ＜2，所以所求函数的定义域 为[1,2)． 3．已知O ，A ，B 是同一平面内的三个点，直线AB 上有一点C 满足2AC ―→＋CB ―→＝0，则OC ―→ ＝( ) A ．2OA ―→－O B ―→ B ．－OA ―→＋2OB ―→ C.23OA ―→－13 OB ―→ D ．－13OA ―→＋23 OB ―→ 解析：选A 依题意，得OC ―→＝OB ―→＋BC ―→＝OB ―→＋2AC ―→＝OB ―→＋2(OC ―→－OA ―→)，所以OC ―→ ＝2OA ―→－OB ―→ ，故选A. 4．从装有2个红球和2个黑球的口袋内任取2个球，那么互斥而不对立的两个事件是( ) A ．至少有一个黑球与都是红球 B ．至少有一个黑球与都是黑球 C ．至少有一个黑球与至少有一个红球 D ．恰有1个黑球与恰有2个黑球 解析：选D A 中的两个事件是对立事件，不符合要求；B 中的两个事件是包含关系，不是互斥事件，不符合要求；C 中的两个事件都包含“一个黑球、一个红球”这一事件，不是互斥事件；D 中是互斥而不对立的两个事件．故选D.
一，上海高考英语考试分值分布 听说部分： 二，语法填空训练 Grammar and Vocabulary Section A, Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Unit 1， Steel, concrete（混凝土）and glass are common materials in any skyscrapers. But more high buildings are now using wood. In the last four years, Australia, Norway, England and Canada (21)______ (build) wooden skyscrapers. The latest one is in Sweden, (22) ______ new, 19-storey wooden hotel called “Sida vid Sida” (side by side). Why are wooden skyscrapers chosen ahead of concrete (23) ______? Wood (24) ______ (use) in many Chinese buildings for thousands of years, but is it strong enough for skyscrapers? “There are a whole bunch of new materials made out of wood (25) ______ are structurally able to build big buildings,” material expert Dr. Michael Ramage told CNN. Architects（建筑师）use woven（编制的）wood to make sure it is. They put layers of wood across one another coated with special glue (26) ______ (create) a very strong material. Wood also lasts a long time and doesn’t rot（腐烂的）(27) ______ it
高中数学新课标测试题 一选择题： 1.高中数学课程在情感、态度、价值观方面的要求下面说法不正确的是( ) A.提高学习数学的兴趣,树立学好数学的信心 B.形成锲而不舍的钻研精神和科学态度 C.开阔数学视野,体会数学的文化价值 D.只需崇尚科学的理性精神 2.《高中数学课程标准》在课程目标中提出的基本能力是( ) A.自主探究、数据处理、推理论证、熟练解题、空间想象 B.运算求解、数据处理、推理论证、空间想象、抽象概括 C.自主探究、推理论证、空间想象、合作交流、动手实践 D.运算求解、熟练解题、数学建模、空间想象、抽象概括 3.高中数学新课程习题设计需要( ) A.无需关注习题类型的多样性,只需关注习题功能的多样性 B.只需关注习题类型的多样性,无需关注习题功能的多样性 C.既要关注习题类型的多样性,也要关注习题功能的多样性 D.无需关注习题类型的多样性,也无需关注习题功能的多样性 4.下面关于高中数学课程结构的说法正确的是( ) A.高中数学课程中的必修课程和选修课程的各模块没有先后顺序的必要 B.高中数学课程包括4个系列的课程
C.高中数学课程的必修学分为16学分 D.高中数学课程可分为必修与选修两类 5.在教学中激发学生的学习积极性方法说法正确的是( ) A.让学生大量做题,挑战难题 B.创设问题情境,让学生有兴趣、有挑战 C.让学生合作交流讨论、动手操作、有机会板演讲解 D.通过数学应用的教学使学生了解数学在现实生活中的作用和意义 6.要实现数学课程改革的目标,关键是依靠( ) A.学生 B.教师 C.社会 D.政府领导 7.在新课程中教师的教学行为将发生变化中正确的是( ) A.在对待自我上,新课程强调反思 B.在对待师生关系上,新课程强调权威、批评 C.在对待教学关系上,新课程强调教导、答疑 D.在对待与其他教育者的关系上,新课程强调独立自主精神 8.在新课程改革中,受新的理念指导,教师在课堂中的地位、角色发生了较大的变化,这种变化主要体现在多方面,下面说法中不正确的选项是( )
基本兼类词汇总help vt.& vi. 帮助;有助于，有利于 vt. 治疗;避免;招待（客人）;给…盛（饭、菜） n. 帮助;助手;补救办法;有用 stop vi. 停止;中断;逗留;（使）停止工作 vt. 塞住;堵塞;阻挠;止付 n. 停止;（管风琴的）音栓;停车站; bath n. 沐浴;洗澡;浴缸，澡盆;浸，泡，洗澡水 vt.& vi. （给…）洗澡 love vt.& vi. 爱，热爱;爱戴;喜欢;赞美，称赞 vt. 喜爱;喜好;喜欢;爱慕 n. 爱情，爱意;疼爱;热爱;爱人，所爱之物thank vt. 谢谢，感谢;责怪，把…归于 n. 感谢，谢谢，道谢的话 use n. 用途;v使用能力;运用头脑（或身体）的能力 suit n. 一套外衣;西装，套装;诉讼;恳求 vt. 适合于（某人）;尤指服装、颜色等相配;合身;适宜vi. 合适，相称 support vt. 支持;帮助;支撑;维持 n. 支撑;支持者;[数学]支集;支撑物 wish v. 希望;想要;祝愿 n. 愿望;希望;希望的事 ;祝福 worry n. 烦恼，忧虑;担心;撕咬 vi. 担心，焦虑;为…发愁;撕咬 vt. 使烦恼;烦扰;撕咬 work vt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果 n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业 vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓慢前进 walk vt.& vi. 走;步行;散步n. 步行;步态;人行道;步行的路径 vi. 行走;陪伴…走;徒步旅行;不翼而飞 train n. 列车;行列;后果;顺序 vt.& vi. 训练，锻炼，培养 vt. 教育;使（植物）朝某方向生长;[园艺学]修剪;把 （枪口、照相机、灯... taste n. 体验;滋味;味觉;风味 vt.& vi. 尝，品尝 vt. 吃;喝;浅尝 talk vt.& vi. 说;讨论;说话;（用以强调款额、情况严重程度等） 讲的是 vt. 谈论;商谈;（用某种语言）讲 n. 空话;交谈;话题 swim n.& vi. 游泳 vi. 眩晕 vt. 浸;泡;洒满;充溢着 study n. 学习，研究;课题;书房;结论 vi. 考虑;沉思;默想;努力 vt. 想出;详细地检查;背诵（台词等）;为…费心思surprise vt. 使惊奇，使诧异;意外发现[撞见]，出其不意获得;突袭n. 令人吃惊的事物;意想不到（或突然）的事;令人惊奇的事（或消息等）... visit vt.& vi. 访问;探望;参观;游览 vi. 作客 n. 访问，参观;逗留 work vt.& vi. 使工作;使运作;操作;使产生效果 n. 工作，操作;著作;工厂;行为，事业 vt. 使工作;操作;经营;使缓 慢前进 act vt.& vi. 行动;做;表演;起作用 n. 行为;动;（一）幕;（搭档）演出短节目的演员
第二章 平面向量 1 向量和差作图全攻略 两个非零向量的和差作图，对同学们是一个难点，这里对其作图方法作出细致分析，以求尽快掌握. 一、向量a 、b 共线 例1 如图，已知共线向量a 、b ，求作a ＋b. (1)a 、b 同向； (2)a 、b 反向，且|a|＞|b|； (3)a 、b 反向，且|a|＜|b|. 作法 在与a 平行的同一条直线上作出三个向量OA →＝a ，AB →＝b ，OB → ＝a ＋b ，具体作法是：当a 与b 方向相同时，a ＋b 与a 、b 的方向相同，长度为|a|＋|b|；当a 与b 方向相反时，a ＋b 与a 、b 中长度长的向量方向相同，长度为||a|－|b||.为了直观，将三个向量中绝对值最大的向量沿与a 垂直的方向稍加平移，然后分别标上a ，b ，a ＋b.作图如下： 例2 如图，已知共线向量a 、b ，求作a －b. (1)a 、b 同向，且|a|＞|b|； (2)a 、b 同向，且|a|＜|b|； (3)a 、b 反向. 作法 在平面上任取一点O ，作OA →＝a ，OB →＝b ，则BA → ＝a －b.事实上a －b 可看作是a ＋(－b)，按照这个理解和a ＋b 的作图方法不难作出a －b ，作图如下： 二、向量a 、b 不共线 如果向量不共线，可以应用三角形法则或平行四边形法则作图. 例3 如图，已知向量a 、b. 求作：(1)a ＋b ；(2)a －b. 作法1 (应用三角形法则) (1)一般情况下，应在两已知向量所在的位置之外任取一点O.
第一步：作OA → ＝a ，方法是将一个三角板的直角边与a 重合，再将直尺一边与三角板的另一直角边重合，最后将三角板拿开，放到一直角边过点O ，一直角边与直尺的一边重合的位置，在此基础上取|OA →|＝|a|，并使OA → 与a 同向. 第二步：同第一步方法作出AB →＝b ，一定要保证方向相同且长度相等.(此处最易错的是把AB → 作成与b 的方向相反.) 第三步：作OB →，即连接OB ，在B 处打上箭头，OB → 即为a ＋b. 作图如下： (2)第一步：在平面上a ，b 位置之外任取一点O ； 第二步：依照前面方法过O 作OA →＝a ，OB → ＝b ； 第三步：连接AB ，在A 处加上箭头，向量BA → 即为a －b. 作图如下： 点评 向量加法作图的特点是“首尾相接，首尾连”；向量减法作图的特点是“共起点，连终点，箭头指被减”. 作法2 (应用平行四边形法则) 在平面上任取一点A ，以点A 为起点作AB → ＝a ， AD →＝b ，以AB ，AD 为邻边作?ABCD ，则AC →＝a ＋b ，DB → ＝a －b.作图如下： 点评 向量的平行四边形法则和三角法则在本质上是一样的，但在解决某些问题时平行四边形法则有一定的优越性，因此两种法则都应熟练掌握. 向量和差作图，要注意的是保证所作向量与目标向量“方向相同，长度相等”，最忌讳的是“作法不一”，比如作法中要求的是作AB →＝b ，可实际上作的是AB → ＝－b.只要作图的过程与作法的每一步相对应，一定能作出正确的图形. 2 向量线性运算的应用 平面向量的线性运算包括加法、减法以及数乘运算，在解题中具有广泛的应用.在对向量实施线性运算时，要准确利用对应的运算法则、运算律，注意向量的大小和方向两个方面. 一、化简 例1 化简下列各式：
高考英语词汇分类记忆 1.People 1. baby 婴儿 2. being物；生物；人 3. child(复children) n. 孩子，儿童 4. citizen 公民,居民,市民 5. civil国内,平民(非军人)的；民用 6. companion同伴,同事 7. comrade n. 同志 8. crowdn..人群vt. 拥挤，群聚 9. enemy n. 敌人；敌军 10. fellow n. 同伴；伙伴 11. friend[frend] n. 朋友 12. generation n.代,一代 13. guest n. 客人，宾客 14. human a.&n. 人，人类 15. humanbeing 人 16. man (单数，无冠词) n.人,人类（包括男女） 17. neighbour(-bor) n.邻居,邻人 18. partner n. 搭档,股东,舞伴 19. people n. 人，人们；人民 20. personn. 人, 身体, 容貌,
21. population n. 人口 22. publica.公共的,公众n.公众 23. race[reis] n. 种族，民族 24. teenager (13-19)青少年 25. adult 26. kid 2.Sex 1. boyn. 男孩 2. female a. 女性的；雌性的 3. girl n. 女孩 4. gentlemann. 绅士，先生 5. ladyn. 女士，夫人 6. sex[seks] n. 性，性别, 7. madam/madame夫人,女士 8. male[meil] a. 男的, 雄的, 男 9. man (men) n.男人，成年男子 10. Mr. (mister) n.先生, 阁下 11. Mrs.(mistress)夫人, 太太 12. Ms.[miz] n. 女士, 小姐 13. sirn. 先生；阁下 14. woman n. 妇女,女人,女仆
Foreigners often fail to appreciate the formal code of greeting in France. The French shake hands with everyone(family, children, strangers), at home, on the way to work, at work, on leaving work, on the way home from work, etc. Thus, in an office , perhaps a dozen people, no work will be done for the first half hour while 41 who have not met since the day before, remind each other who they are. However, it is important to remember with whom one has shaken hands on any one day. The French 42 it as extremely bad manners to shake hands twice, as though one had not taken enough 43 for the first time. It is still the 44 to say “Bonjour ” and “Au revoir ” to others when entering or leaving a shop or bar. This is not because the French are too 45 . It is because they see acknowledging(注意) the existence of others as a way of 46 being rude. This may seem unbearably slight to others, but to the French it is most important. Manners mean civilization to them. Kissing is not so much of a(n) 47 of French life as others supposed. But when it does take place, it must be done 48 , according to the rules. The 49 order is left cheek, right cheek, left cheek---very formal, very stylized. In Paris four kisses are sometimes permitted: left, right, left, right. 41．BC 42．B 43．BD 44．AB 45．CD 46．A 47．AD Barack Obama has been a hit in China. Apart from holding talks with Chinese leaders, the president ___41___ the Chinese with a lively question-and-answer session with college students. A ．avoiding B ．regard C ．correct D ．properly AB ．custom AC ．anyone AD ．feature BC ．those BD. notic CD ．polite