八年级现在完成时练习题
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
简单地讲现在完成时就是表示：“结果、影响和持续”。其构成： have +过去分词。
一般过去时与现在完成时的比较
1．过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为
过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2．过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无
时间状语。
一般过去时常用的时间状语：
yesterday, last week, …ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语
现在完成时的时间状语或副词：
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years
3．现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词
一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn,
work, study, know.
解析： 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词,如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,
即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long引
导的特殊疑问句中.
常见终止性动词与延续性动词的对应关系如下
come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be
in/atopen-----be openbuy-----have
die------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keep begin/start-----be on
put on----wear leave-----be away fall asleep----be asleepend/finish-----be over
join the army----be in the army / be a soldier eg. I’ve left Shanghai for three days. I’ve been away from Shanghai for three days..
I left Shanghai three days ago. It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.
句子中如有过去时间的名词或副词时，不能使用现在完
成时，要用过去时。
Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
用于现在完成时的句型
1．It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late. 2．This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
3.现在完成时中been to, gone to区别
gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,
典型例题
1．—Do you know our town at all?
—No, this is the first time I __________ here.
A．was B．have been
C．came D．am coming
2．—Have you ____ been to our town before?
—No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A．even, comeB．even, have come
C．ever, comeD．ever, have come
注意：
1．非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是
可以持续的。
I have received his letter for a month.
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month. 2．比较since和for
since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years.
I have lived here since I was born.
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years.
I have worked here for many years.
小窍门：当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能
排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
Tom has studied Russian for three years.
=Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
Harry has got married for six years.
=Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married
for six years.
3．since的四种用法
since＋过去一个时间点。
I have been here since 1989.
since＋一段时间＋ago
I have been here since five months ago.
since＋从句
Great changes have taken place since you left. It is ＋一段时间＋since从句
It is two years since I became a college student.
练习
1. It’s a long time since we ____ last, isn’t it?
2.--I know you _______ a picture book among these. --Yes, Have a look at it, please.
3. So far, spaceships without people _______ the moon and some other parts of the
universe.
4. My father____ home for nearly three weeks.
A .has gone away fromB. has leftC .has been away fromD. went away.Mr and Mrs Green have_____in China for
a week. A .been B. gotC .arrived D. reached
6.--Where’s Mary? --Oh, she _____the library.
A.has gone to
B.went to
C.has been to
D.had gone to
一、单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _________what’s happened to
him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have knownＣ. must knowＤ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has
he ?
Ａ. alreadyＢ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. justＢ. ago Ｃ.beforeＤ. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year
Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、-Our country ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years
.Ａ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. knowＢ. had knownＣ. have knownＤ. knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw
Ｄ.see
9、-These farmers have been to the United States .
-Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they goＣ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、-______ you ___ your homework yet ?
-Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finishedＢ. Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finishedＤ. will ; do ; finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 197.
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was in Ｄ. has been in
12、-Do you know him well ?
- Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have becomeＤ. have made
13、-How long have you ____ here ?
-About two months .
Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
Ａ. isＢ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、Miss Green isn’t in the office . she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ. wentＣ.will goＤ. has been 17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ. have been to Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom,?
A. so they
B. don’t they
C. have they
D. haven’t they
19、_____has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _____ to China?
A. How soon, comes
B. How often, got
C. How long, came
D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle _____ for more than years.
A. has come here
B. has started to work
C. has lived there
D. has left the university
二、句型转换
3、The old man _________ last year. He for a year.
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.
This factory________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .
Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. _______ two years ________ the Green family moved to Fra nce.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago.
___________________________________________
三、汉译英
4、她还没有看过那部新电影。
5、她去过上海。
6、他这些天上哪儿去了？
现在完成时讲解现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作
或状态常与for,since连用.
①for+时间段Mary has been ill
②since+过去一个时间点I have lived here since 1998. ③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago.
④since+从句 I have lived here since I was born.
⑤It is+时段+since+从句It’s since I lived here.
瞬间动词不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词
buy----have;borrow
-----keep;come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----be over ;open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead
★1.have代替buy
My brother has had this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow
I have kept the book for quite a few days.
★3、用be替代become
How long has your sister been a teacher?
★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
★5、用wear代替put on
b)用”be＋形容词” 表示一种状态，表延续性
1、be＋married代marry、be＋ill代fall ill
3、be＋dead代die、be＋asleep代fall asleep
5、be＋awake代wake/wake up、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave
7、be＋open代open、be closed代close/shut
9、be＋missing代lose
c)用“be＋副词” 表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词
1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up
3“be＋back”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here ”代come here或go there等等
d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to
UNIThas gone ,has been , has been 的区别
Have/Has gone :去了
Where is your father？He has gone to Shanghai. Have/Has been :去过
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
现在完成时讲解
一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词
二．基本句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has. No, 主语+ haven’t/hasn’t.
五．现在完成时的标志
现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:
* 以already, just和yet为标志
He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasn’t come back yet. 他还没有回来。
*
*以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。 He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。以动作发生的次数为标志
He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。 * 以so far为标+before
He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
三．用法
现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money .
Guo zijun
My father to work.
注意：现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等;)不能与when 连用.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用现在完成时练习
A)选用have, has填空:
1.I _______ told him the news. .She ________ come
back from school.
3.You ________ won the game.
B)按要求改写下列各句:
4.They have bought a computer.
_________________________________________
5.He has lost his book.
_________________________________________
Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what’s happened to him .Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a moment ago
4、Ａ. is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has written
5、——Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good
Ｃ. has changed ; better Ｄ. changed ; betterＡ. was ; studying Ｂ. will ; study
Ｃ. has ; studied Ｄ. are ; studying
—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go
Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、——Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did ; do ; finished Ｂ. Have ; done ; finished Ｃ. Have ; done ; have finished Ｄ. will ; do ; finish
、
Exercise: 用since和for填空
1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.
2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.
3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______1days.
4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ o’clock.
5. India has been an independent country ______1974.
6. The bus is late. They’ve been waiting ______0 minutes.
7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.
8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.
I. Fill in the blanks with the proper form.
1. I____ already ____ the film. I ________ it last week.
2. _____ he ____ his work today? Not yet.
3. My father ____ just ____ back from work. He is tired now.
4. Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ to the teacher’s office.
5. I __________ here since I ______ here in 1999.
6. So far I _______________ quite a few friends here.
7. How long ________ the Wangs ______________ here ? For two weeks.
8. I ________ just ___________ my homework.
9. He ________ to school on foot every day.
10.____ you ______ your science book yet?
11. If it ____ fine tomorrow, I’ll go with you.
12. The students ____________ English when the teacher came in.
13. Look! The monkey __________ the tree.
14. My mother __________ to see me next Sunday.
15. I’ve lost my pen. _________ you ________ it anywhere?
II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long have you _______ here?
A. come
B. got
C. arrived
2. My grandpa died _________.
A. at the age of my
C. when I was. B. for years
D. my age was. D. been
3. Jane has _____ to BeiJing. She will come back tomorrow.
A. been
B. gone
C. went
D. never been. It is ten years _____ I last saw her.
A. after
B. since
C. for
D. that
5.--Who will go to the station to meet Lorry? --I will. I _____ her several times.
A. met
B. have met
--Just weeks.
A. will, buy
B. did, buy
C. are, having
7.--Do you know Lydia very well? --Yes, She and
I _____ friends since we were very young.
A. have made
B. have become
C. have been
D. have
turned D. have, had C. had met D. will meet. --What a nice dress! How long _____ you _____ it?
8. The Smiths _______ in China for years.
A. has lived
B. lived
C. have been
D. live
9. --Hello, this is Mr. Green speaking. Can I speak to Mr. Black?
-- Sorry. He ______ the Bainiao Park.
A. has been to
-- Yes, twice.
A. Have, gone
B. Have, been
III. Rewrite the sentences.
1. I have been to Macau before.
I _________ _________ been to Macau before.
2. He hasn’t come to school 就划线部分提问)
______ _______ he come to school?
3. I bough a new bike just now.
I ____ just ____ a new bike.
4. We began to learn English three years ago. We ____ ____English ____three years
5. He has never surfed, _______ _______?
_______ _______have they been here?
7. The old man _________ last year. He has _______
_______for a year.
8. Miss Gao left an hour ago.
Miss Gao has _______ ________ ________ an hour ago.
Ask the questions
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________?
2) My father has lived here since000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________? _________ ________ he _________ __________? __________ ___________ they __________ a book?
1. have, seen, saw
2. Has, finished
3. has, come
4. has gone
5. have worked, moved
6. have made
7. have, stayed8. have, finished. goes10. have, found11. is12. were reading13. is climbing
14. is coming15. Have, seen
Keys: 1. How long have, been there2. How long has, lived here . When did, leave here4. When did, buy 现在完成时练习题及答案
三、结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以
` 现在完成时的用法 一、表示过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例如：你读过那个故事吗？Have you read that story? （―读‖这一动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响为：是否知道故事中的内容）我买了两个苹果。I have bought two apples. （―买‖这一动作发生在过去对现在造成的结果是：拥有两个苹果） （一）、构成：“助动词have/has+动词的过去分词” （二）、句型结构： 肯定式：主语+have/has+ 过去分词+其它。 如：I have just come back from Qinzhou. 否定式：主语+have/ has not + 过去分词+其它。 如：I haven’t seen the TV play. 一般疑问句：Have/ has+ 主语+ 过去分词+其它? 如：Has Jack finished his homework? 回答：肯定：Yes, 主语+ have/has . 否定：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？ 如：How long have you had the dog ? [当堂检测] 完成下列句子： 1．李明还没看过这本书了。 Liming ______ ______ that book ______. 2. 他去看医生了吗？ ______he______ ______ see the doctor? 3. 我非常高兴，因为我通过这次英语考试。 I am very happy, because I ______ ______ the English exam. 4. 你在这等了多久了? ______ ______ ______ you _____ here? 5. 妈妈把那本书弄丢了。 Mum_____ _____that book. 6.你去哪了？ Where_____you_____ ?
一现在完成时概念及用法： 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚），already （已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和for 或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet , since + 过去的时间点,for + 一段时间等 already 常用于肯定句；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。 二常用句型结构辨析 （一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall？你到过长城吗?（现在已经不在长城上） ⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二）since与for区别： 1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短； since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习：用since 和for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland last Monday. 2.Jill has been in Ireland three days. 3.His aunt has lived in Australia 15 days. 4.Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital 0ctober. 2）for 与since引导的时间状语可以进行相互替换
人教版八年级下现在完 成时讲与练 文档编制序号：[KK8UY-LL9IO69-TTO6M3-MTOL89-FTT688]
人教版八年级下册现在完成时 Unit8：现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用. ①for+时间段 Mary has been ill for three days. ②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）I have lived here since 1998. ③since+时间段+ago I have lived here since six years ago. ④since+从句（过去时） I have lived here since I was born. ⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）It’s six years since I lived here. （buy,die,join,come，go ,leave,join ……）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy----have; borrow -----keep; come/arrive/reach/get to-----be in go out----be out ; leave ----be away ; begin-----be on ; finish----be over ; open----be open ; close -----be closed ; die----be dead ★1.have代替buy My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. ★2、用keep或have代替borrow I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. ★3、用be替代become How long has your sister been a teacher ★4、用have a cold代替catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. ★5、用wear代替put on b)用“be＋形容词”表示一种状态，表延续性 1、be＋married代marry 2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill 3、be＋dead代die 4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep 5、be＋awake代wake/wake up 6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave 7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut 9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代lose c)用“be＋副词”表示一种状态，表延续性，代终止性动词 1“be＋on”代start,begin 2“be＋up”代get up 3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to 4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等 d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词 1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to 2.用be in the army 代替join the army
现在完成时 1.现在完成时的构成： 现在完成时由助动词have\has + 过去分词构成，第三人称单数用has，其余用have。 I have been in Shenzhen for seven years. Lily hasn’t been to America before. 2.现在完成时的用法： 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。 I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。 She has been with us since Monday. 3.常和现在完成时连用的时间状语： already, yet, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never，since，for等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。 They have never been to Yan’an. 他们从未去过延安。 I haven't seen him lately. 我近来没看到他。 She has been an independent girl since her father passed away. 自从父亲去世后，这女孩就变得独立了。 Jack has been a doctor for 10 years.杰克做医生已经10年了。 4.现在完成时的否定式和疑问句。 否定句：在have\has后加not 结构：主语+has\have+not+过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：Has\Have提到主语前，其他照写。结构：Have\Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 注意：肯定句中如有some\and，在否定句或者一般疑问句中要变成any\or，即 some-any and-or
现在完成时 现在完成时（present perfect tense）通常表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，而且还可能继续下去，或者表示过去的行为对现在造成一定的影响，可能还会产生结果等。 1.现在完成时结构 1.1.助动词have/has+动词过去分词。其中，助动词要随着主语的变化而变化，当主语是第三人称单数时，助动词要用“has”。 例：Have you finished your work? He says that he has seen UFOs many times. 1.2.现在完成时的缩写形式：I have=I ’ve have not= haven’t has not= hasn’t 例：I’ve finished my work./He hasn’t finished his work. 1.3.现在完成时的一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t. 例：----Have you finished your work?----Yes,I have./No,l haven’t. ----Have they arrived?----Yes,they have./No,they haven’t. 1.4.1.通过加-ed的形式来构成规则动词的过去分词，就像我们构成这些动词的过去式方法一样。 大多数动词后+ed.如finish---finished. 以字母e为结尾的动词后+d,如change---changed. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y,再加ied.如carry---carried.
现在完成时 （1）构成：现在完成时由助动词have + 过去分词构成，助动词have 有人称和数的变化。第三人称单数用has，其余用have. 现在完成时的否定式直接在助动词后面加上not、疑问式是把助动词提到主语之前。以study 为例，其否定式、 1）现在完成时通常表示在说话之前已经完成的动作或存在的状态。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。 My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。 She has arrived. 她到了。 2）表示持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…, since…,yet等。如： I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。 We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。 They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。She has been with us since Monday. ★注意： 1）since和for的区别 since后接时间点，如1993，last term, yesterday, the time I got there for后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如ten years, a while, two days等。 Exercise: 用since和for填空 1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days. 3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______15 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o'clock. 5. India has been an independent country ______1974. 6. The bus is late. They've been waiting ______ 20 minutes. 7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years. 8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October. 2）表示短暂意义的动词如arrive, leave, borrow, buy, begin, start, die等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。因此，不能说： He has come here for 2 weeks. × The old man has died for 4 months. × They have left only for 5 minutes. × 以上三句话可以改为： He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has ______ _______ for 4 months. They have _____ _____ only for 5 minutes. 3）have (has) been 和have (has) gone的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用“have (has) been”; 表示“已经去某地”要用“have (has) gone”。试比较： Where has he been? 他刚才到哪里去了？（已经回来了） Where has he gone? 他上哪儿去了？（人不在） They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大） They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 4）现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday, last year, in 1976, two days ago, just now, when I came in，但可以和already, yet, sometimes, always, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever, never等连用。例如：She has already come. 她已经来了。 I haven’t read it yet. 我还没读过这个。I have met him before. 我从前曾见过他。 Ma Hong has always been a good student. 马红一直是个好学生。I have often seen him in the street. 我经常在街上看见他。
八年级英语现在完成时专项练习 时间：2008年05月08日作者：来源： 一、单项选择。 1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him.（呼和浩特） A. knew B. have known C. must know D.will know 2、He has _______ been to Shanghai, has he ? A. already B.never C.ever D. still 3、Have you met Mr Li ______？ A. just B. ago C.before D. a moment ago 4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year. A. is writing B.was writing C.wrote D.has wr itten 5、—Our country ______ a lot so far. —Yes. I hope it will be even ______. A. has changed ; well B. changed ; good C. has changed ; better D. changed ; better 6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years. A. was ; studying B. will ; study C. has ; studied D. are ; studying 7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl. A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
现在完成时（I）语法知识 定义：（1）表示过去发生或已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,这个影响和结果对现在还必须存在.常与already(已经), yet(已经,还), just(刚刚),ever(曾经)，never 等词连用. 常用于肯定句或疑问句（均表示：已经）. 常用于否定句(表示：还、尚),疑问句末尾（表示：已经）. 现在完成时的构成及句型结构：（注：过去分词的变化分规则变化与不规则变化，规则变化与动词原形变过去式一样，不规则变化见教材137页） 1.肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I have already lost the key.我已经弄丢了钥匙. (我现在没有钥匙) He has ever read that book .他曾经看过这本书. (了解书的内容) They have just cleaned their hands.他们刚刚洗过手了. (手是干净的) 2.否定句：主语+haven’t/ hasn’t+过去分词+其他+时间. eg: I haven’t lost the key yet. He hasn’t ever read that book . They haven’t just cleaned their hands. 3.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+haven’t/hasn’t. eg: Have you already lost the key? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Has he ever read the book? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t. Have they just cleaned their hands? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. 4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词+其他+时间？ eg: What have you already done?（done是do/does的过去分词） What has he ever done? What have they just done? 定义：(2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用.
现在完成时(复习课) 问候语：（Greetings） 导入：（Leading in）回顾一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时这三种时态的含义，从而引出现在完成时态。一般现在时：表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。 一般过去时：表示过去某个时间点发生的动作或存在的状态。一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 学习目标：（Learning Aims）●现在完成时态（The Present Perfect Tense）的含义，结构及用法。●现在分词的构成及一些不规则动词。学习重，难点：（Learning Difficulties）●现在完成时的结构及用法。●用于现在完成时的一些标志词及时间状语。一些不规则动词。 学习过程：（Learning courses） 一.含义：现在完成时表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响。 二.结构：have / has (助动词) + V 过去分词。have / has 在结构中没有实际的含义，不能单独作谓语，必须和后面的动词一起作谓语。has 只用于主语是第三人称单数（he
she it）. have 用于主语是其他人称（I we you you they）. Exercises : 选用have has填空。1. I_have___ told him the news. 2. She_ has ___come back from back.. 3. You __have__won the game. 三．否定结构：主语+ haven’t / hasn’t +V过去分词+ 其他。疑问结构：Have / has + 主语+ V过去分词+ 其他。肯定回答：Yes ,主语+ have / has . 否定回答：No ,主语+ haven’t / hasn’t . Exercises: 按要求改写下面句子。 1.They have bought a computer. 改为否定句）_________________________________________________. 2.He has lost his book.(先改为一般疑问句，再作肯定回答与否定回答) __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ 四．标志词：already( 已经) ,just（刚刚，刚才），ever（曾经never（从来没有），yet （还没）。for +（时间段），e.g. for three years. Homework:Finish test papers. 教学反思：
现在完成时 The Present Perfect 课前热身 1.The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years . Ａ. writes B.wrote C.has written 2,I ______ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 3.Mary and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000. A.have made B.have been C.made D. have become 4.—Our country ____ a lot so far . —Yes. I hope it will be even ______ . Ａ. has changed ; well Ｂ. changed ; good Ｃ. has changed ; better 5. —______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes. I _____ it a moment ago. Ａ.Did; do; finished Ｂ.Have; done; finished Ｃ.Have; done; have finished 讨论展示 1、分组讨论，说出以上句子主要用了哪种时态？ 2、你能讲出该时态的构成吗？ 现在完成时 一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done) 二．句型： 肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他. 简略答语: Yes, 主语+ have/has.(肯定) No, 主语+ haven't/hasn't.(否定) 3、请归纳出现在完成时的主要用法，通过哪些词语来提示？ 现在完成时用法 1. 表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，yet, so far，never，just，before，recently， I have already lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。） 你能举例吗？ 2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态往往和表示一段时间的状语连用。for+一段时间，since+一段时间 I have known him for ten years. I have known him since ten years ago . （从开始认识到现在延续了十年） 你能举例吗？ 4、请比较： He has been to the US . He has gone to the US . He has been in the US for three years . 5、请看句子：He has come to school for two hours .对吗？ For 和since要用延续性动词，如果是短暂性动词要改为相应的延续性动词，例
现在完成时的构成： 陈述句：S（主语）+ have/ has + 动词过去分词 I have had dinner. 否定形式：S（主语）+ hasn't/haven't + 动词的过去分词 I haven’t had dinner. 疑问形式：Have/has + S(主语) +动词过去分词 Have you had dinner 肯定回答：Yes, S(主语)+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, S（主语）+ have/ has+ not. 现在完成时适用范围： 1、谈论过去发生的事情，但是发生的时间不重要. . She has broken her arm. 她伤了她的胳膊. 2、谈论过去发生的某事，但对现在造成了影响 . She has broken her arm, so she can’t play basketball. 她伤了她的胳膊, 所以她不能打篮球了. 3、过去开始的某事，现在还在继续. . He has lived in China for 20 years. 他已经在中国住了20年了. He has lived in China since 1993. 4. 刚刚发生的事情. . They have just arrived at the airport. 他们刚刚到达了机场. 5. 经历或取得的成就. . He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通过了他的数学考试. 现在完成时态中的重要标志词 already, yet, just, never, ever用法区别
1、already意思是“已经” A、通常用于陈述句中（放在have和has的后面） B、也可用于疑问句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示惊异，此时 already常放在句末。 She has already found her bike. Has she found her bike already她已经找到自行车了 2、yet用法 A、yet可用于否定句，此时译为“还”； I haven’t found my ruler yet. B、也可以用于疑问句，译为“已经”（放在have和has的后面也可放在句末） Have you found your ruler yet你已经找到尺子了吗 3、just只用于陈述句意思是“刚才”（放在have和has的后面） I have just received a letter. 4、never用于否定句译为“从不”（放在have和has的后面） I’ve never been to Beijing. 5、ever用于疑问句译为“曾经”（放在have和has的后面） Have you ever been to Beijing 规则动词过去分词和过去式变法一样
现在完成时 ⒈构成 Have/has +过去分词 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式： 【提示】 ①现在完成时的肯定式和否定式有其缩写形式：have→’ve, has→’s.例如：She’s worked. =She has worked. I’ve not worked. = I haven’t worked. ②现在完成时的否定疑问句形式为：Have you not worked? Have they not worked? Has he not worked?其缩写形式为：Haven’t you worked? Haven’t they worked? Hasn’t he worked? ③现在完成时的简略回答形式为：Yes, I have. No, I have not/haven’t. ⒉用法
⑴过去动作产生的影响等 表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或产生的结果。在没有具体时间状语的情况下，现在完成时可以表示某一行为动作在说话之前已经完成，而其结果或影响至今仍然存在。因此，现在完车时这一时态强调的是过去的动作同现在的联系，也就是强调现在的影响和结果。例如： Someone has broken the window.（“打破”这一动作虽然发生在过去，但影响延续至今，其结果是窗子仍然是破的，The window is now broken.） I have lost my pen.（结果是：我现在无钢笔可用，I have no pen to use.） He’s locked the door.(结果是：现在门锁上了，我们进不去，Now the door is locked and we can’t go in.) The party has started. (The party started and now it is going on.) I’ve forgotten her name= I forgot her name. 他今天还没吃任何东西.(现在一定很饿了) _________________________________________________________________ 我已经吃过午饭了（现在不饿了） ____________________________________________________ ⑵过去的动作延续到现在和未来 表示一个开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能继续下去的动作或状态，常同for, since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long…（多久）句型中，表示持续的时间。例如： He has studied English for ten years.（可能继续学下去） She has lived here since then. He has been in Nanjing since 2003.
肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词 否定句：主语+have/has not +过去分词 疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词 7. 现在完成时 (1) 现在完成时的句型结构 ①肯定句：主语+ have/has+ 过去分词 ②否定句：主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词 ③疑问句：Have/Has +主语+过去分词 (2) 现在完成时的用法 ①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。 如： I’ve never bee n to Africa. Have you ever been to Tokyo? I’ve been there three times. ②. 表示某动作从过去开始，现在刚刚完成，对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。 如： He has just finished his new book. 注意：just now用于过去时。 ③.表示某动作从过去开始，一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去。通常与 for或since连用。 如：I have lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/ since I came to this city. It is/has been …+ since…. It’s been seven years since we last saw each other. It’s six years since he was a teacher. 注意:for+一段时间，since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。 ④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。 如： You can go home when you have finished your work. 比较：You can go home when you finish your work. (3) 过去分词的构成 ① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。 如： listen-listened, talk-talked ② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d。
八年级下现在完成时全 面知识点 Company Document number：WTUT-WT88Y-W8BBGB-BWYTT-19998
一现在完成时概念及用法： 1 表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常和just（刚刚）， already（已经），yet（已经），never（从不），ever （曾经），before（以前），so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。 2 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，还有可能继续下去，常和 for或since引导的时间状语连用。此时的动词必须是延续性动词。 构成：have/ has(助动词)+V过去分词 肯定句：主语+ have/ has+V过去分词+其他 否定句：主语+ have/ has+not+V过去分词+其他 一般疑问句：have/ has+主语+ +V过去分词+其他 肯定回答：Yes, 主语+ have/ has. 否定回答：No, 主语+ haven’t/ hasn’t. 3 常用标志词语 already, never, ever, just, before, so far, yet ,since+过去的时间点,for+一段时间等 already常用于肯定句；yet用于否定句和疑问句。 二常用句型结构辨析 （一）have/has been to / have / has gone to / have/ has been in 辨析： ⑴ have/ has been to + 地名“曾经去过某地” , 现在已经回到原地。 He has been to England twice．他曾经去过英国两次。(现在已经不在英国了) Have you ever been to the Great Wall你到过长城吗（现在已经不在长城上） ⑵have gone to + 地名“已经去某地了”，说话时该人不在现场。 He has gone to England。他已去英国了。 (已经不在说话的地方，到达英国或者在去英国的路上) ⑶ have been in +地点待在某地，常与时间段搭配。 I have been in Shanghai for three years. （二）since与for区别： 1）for其后只能接表示“一段时间”的名词性短语，可用于多种时态。表示动作或状态持续的时间长短； since其后接表示“时间点”的短语或从句（一般过去时）；也可以接“一段时间+ago”，常用于完成时态；还用于句型“It’s+时间段+since+一般过去时态的句子”。表示过去某个时间发生并持续至说话时的动作或状态。 I’ve lived in this city for five years. He usually sleeps for 12 hours every day. We’ve studied here since 2009. She has worked here for five years. It’s two years since I came to China. 练习：用since 和for填空 1.Jim has been in Ireland last Monday.
八下现在完成时专项练习 一、单项选择 1、 Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years、 A、 joined B、 be in C、 been in D、 joined in 2、 We have been friends since ______、 A、 children B、 five years C、 five years ago D、 five years before 3、 Mike ___________ the story for a month、 A、 has bought B、 has had C、 had had D、 has borrowed 4、 You ______ that question three times、 A、 already asked B、 have already asked C、 already have asked D、 asked already 5、 Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________、 A、 since last week B、 a week ago C、 for a week D、 since a week ago 6、 I _____ at this school for two years、 A、 am studying B、 study C、 studied D、 have studied 7、 They _________ in the city since last summer、 A、 live B、 didn’t live C、 have lived D、 live 8、 Mrs、 Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992、 A、 since B、 from C、 after D、 in 9、 Mr、 Black _________ China since the summer of 1998、 A、 has been to B、 has been in C、 has e to D、 came to 10、 His father _______ for years、 A、 has died B、 has been dead C、 died D、 dies 11、 Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice、 A、 won’t go, saw B、 won’t go, will see C、 won’t go, has seen D、 didn’t go, sees 12、---- Would you like some more food? ----Thank you、 I _______ enough、 A、 will have B、 have had C、 have D、 had 13、 ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country、 A、 Will, gone to, was B、Have, been to, is C、 Had, been to, is D、Have, gone to, is 14、 ----_______ you _______ to Beijing? ----No, I ______、I ______ there early next month、 A、 Have, been, haven’t, am going B、 Had, been, hadn’t, am going C、 Have, gone, haven’t, was going D、 Did,go, didn’t, was going 15、 ---You sister ______ to London to study English、 Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months、 A、 has been, has been B、 will go, has gone C、 gone, will be D、 has gone, has been 16、 He has a puter of his own、 He ____ it two days ago A、 bought B、 bought C、 bought D、 has bought