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【初高中语法】谓语动词的时态(讲解与练习)

【初高中语法】谓语动词的时态(讲解与练习)
【初高中语法】谓语动词的时态(讲解与练习)

英语的时态(讲与练)

(一)谓语动词的形式:

英语的时态是通过谓语动词的变化来体现的。因此,了解谓语动词的形式及其变化规律非常重要。

英语的实义动词有以下五种形式:

(1) 动词原形:动词原形在句子中形式不变。主要用于主语为第一、二人称的一般现在时,情态动词之后,或根据语法规定必须用动词原形的其他情况。

(2) 一般现在时第三人称单数形式(简称现单三):主要用于主语为第三人称单数的一般现在时。

(3) 过去式:主要用于一般过去时。

(4) 现在分词:主要用于进行时态。

(5) 过去分词:主要用于完成时态,或被动语态。

谓语动词一般现在时第三人称单数(现单三)的构成,见下表:

谓语动词过去式和过去分词,大多数是动词原形+ ed 构成,这是规则动词。规则动词的拼写和读音规则如下表:

不规则动词的过去式和过去分词有其特殊变化形式,需要个别记忆,课本后页有详细完整的不规则动词表。谓语动词现在分词一律由动词原形加-ing构成,规则如下表:

谓语动词的时态表格:以do 为例,列表如下:

(二)谓语动词的时态:

“时态”就是通过谓语动词的形态变化,来表达动作发生的时间(现在、过去、将来、过去将来)

及所处的状态(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)。

1、一般现在时

(1)构成:通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时,用单三形式。

(2)用法:

1)表示现状、性质、状态和经常的或习惯性的动作。

He has an uncle.他有个叔叔。

Autumn follows summer.夏天之后是秋天。

这些动词可与often, usually, always, sometimes, every day, once a week, on Sundays, never 等表示经常性或习惯性的时间状语连用。例如:

Do you often go to the cinema? 你经常去看电影吗?

Tom does not study as hard as Jane. 汤姆在学习方面不如简努力。

My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.我父亲从来不坐公共汽车,他走着去上班。

2)表示客观现实或普遍真理。

The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

A horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。

When Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?(英国浪漫主义诗人雪莱的名句。)3)少数动词如go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, be 等的一般现在时可以表示按规定、计划或安排预计要发生的事情。

The plane takes off at six past five. 飞机将于六点零五分起飞。

Tomorrow is Sunday. 明天是星期天。

Our summer vacation begins in early July. 我们的暑假七月初开始。

4)在时间和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。

He’ll go if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,他就去。

高中语法动词的时态和语态

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