专题十 主旨大意
探考情 悟真题
【考情探究】
考卷
年份 课标全国Ⅰ 课标全国Ⅱ 课标全国Ⅲ
2019 第33题,第35题 第31题,第35题 第27题 2018 第27题,第31题 第28题,第35题 第27题, 第35题 2017 第31题 第28题,第31题 第28题,第35题 2016 第35题 第32题 第35题 2015 —— 第28题 —— 考点
内容 主旨大意题要求学生在理解全文后归纳文章要点,概括中心思想,因此需要学生能够分析文章的篇章结构,抓住文章开头的主题或文章最后的结论,从而找出文章主旨或文章的标题。
分析解读
1.主旨大意题有一个明显的特点:要求学生通读全文,从四个选项中选出最佳标题或能够说明文章或段落大意的选项。 通常情况下,考查对象分为两大类:即篇章主旨和段落主旨。 篇章主旨是针对全文主题进行．．．．．．．．．．．．．提问．．,．而段落主旨是针对某一段落或几个段落的主题进行提问．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
。 2.主旨大意题考查的是学生对文章内容的深层次理解,它要求学生必须在充分理解全文的前提下,梳理出整篇文章的主旨大意。 它既考查阅读理解能力．．．．．．．．．．,．又考查深层次的推理、概括能力．．．．．．．．．．．．．．,．所以在阅读理解试题中．．．．．．．．．．难度相对较大．．．．．．
。课标全国卷近五年考查主旨大意题的题量相对较少,但考查深度、难度却不断增加,解题时需对文章的主旨大意进行综合、归纳、推断后方可得出正确答案 。 考查形式由简单的主题归纳变得综合性越来越强,同时文章的跳跃性强,隐含信息增多,常以标题归纳的形式出现,这就要求学生在理解文章主旨大意的基础上注意标题的三个特点:概括性、针对性和醒目性。
【五年高考】
A 组 统一命题·课标卷题组
Passage 1(2019课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:370
During the rosy years of elementary school(小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories:the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence:status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are “most likely to engage(从事)in dangerous and risky behavior.”
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).“We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were
high in status.It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment,high status has just the opposite effect on us.”
Dr.Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness,openness—carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research,Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for those outcomes,too.“Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage,”he said.
1.What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A.Unkind.
B.Lonely.
C.Generous.
D.Cool.
2.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The classification of the popular.
B.The characteristics of adolescents.
C.The importance of interpersonal skills.
D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.
3.What did Dr.Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A.They appeared to be aggressive.
B.They tended to be more adaptable.
C.They enjoyed the highest status.
D.They performed well academically.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last
B.The Higher the Status,the Better
C.Be the Best—You Can Make It
D.More Self-Control,Less Aggressiveness
答案
1.C
2.A
3.B
4.A
Passage2(2019课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:348
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading?None of your business!Lunch is Bechtel’s“me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.
A new report found46percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74percent,according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?”Bechtel said,looking up from her book. Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,”she said.
Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,”he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,”said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.
1.What are the statistics in paragraph2about?
A.Food variety.
B.Eating habits.
C.Table manners.
D.Restaurant service.
2.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own.
D.To collect data for her report.
3.What do we know about Mazoleny?
A.He makes videos for the bar.
B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C.He interviews customers at the bar.
D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of having meals alone.
B.The importance of self-reflection.
C.The stress from working overtime.
D.The advantage of wireless technology.
答案
1.B
2.C
3.D
4.A
Passage3(2018课标全国Ⅰ,B)词数:264
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under￡5per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11.
“We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay￡5for a portion(一份),but Matt makes them for26p a portion,because they are flour,water, sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes we’re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”
The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health,which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.
With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
1.What do we know about Susanna Reid?
A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.
B.She has started a new programme.
C.She dislikes working early in the morning.
D.She has had a tight budget for her family.
2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?
A.He buys cooking materials for her.
B.He prepares food for her kids.
C.He assists her in cooking matters.
D.He invites guest families for her.
3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph4?
A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.
B.Provide some advice for the readers.
C.Add some background information.
D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart
B.Balancing Our Daily Diet
C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef
D.Cooking Well for Less
答案
1.B
2.C
3.C
4.D
Passage4(2018课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:294
Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun,according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.
While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.
According to the report’s key findings,“the proportion(比例)who say they‘hardly ever’read for fun has gone from8percent of13-year-olds and9percent of17-year-olds in1984to22percent and27percent respectively today.”
The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children,ages2—8,remain largely the same.But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined,from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.
When it comes to technology and reading,the report does little to counsel(建议)parents looking for data about the effect of e-readers and tablets on reading.It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading,mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.
The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it comes to reading.Data shows that kids and teens who do read frequently,compared to infrequent readers,have more books in the home,more books purchased for them,parents who read more often,and parents who set aside time for them to read.
As the end of school approaches,and school vacation reading lists loom(逼近)ahead,parents might take this chance to step in and make their own summer reading list and plan a family trip to the library or bookstore.
1.What is the Common Sense Media report probably about?
A.Children’s reading habits.
B.Quality of children’s books.
C.Children’s after-class activities.
D.Parent-child relationships.
2.Where can you find the data that best supports“children are reading a lot less for fun”?
A.In paragraph2.
B.In paragraph3.
C.In paragraph4.
D.In paragraph5.
3.Why do many parents limit electronic reading?
A.E-books are of poor quality.
B.It could be a waste of time.
C.It may harm children’s health.
D.E-readers are expensive.
4.How should parents encourage their children to read more?
A.Act as role models for them.
B.Ask them to write book reports.
C.Set up reading groups for them.
D.Talk with their reading class teachers.
答案
1.A
2.B
3.C
4.A
Passage5(2018课标全国Ⅲ,B)词数:312
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City, for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over300years its population grew gradually from800people to8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,killing63people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first20,000people who dug for gold,4,000got rich.About100of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is762.
1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?
A.Its business culture.
B.Its small population.
C.Its geographical position.
D.Its favourable climate.
2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.
B.One out of five people got rich.
C.Almost everyone gave up.
D.Half of them died.
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A.They found the city too crowded.
B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.
C.They were unable to stand the winter.
D.They were short of food.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The rise and fall of a city.
B.The gold rush in Canada.
C.Journeys into the wilderness.
D.Tourism in Dawson.
答案
1.C
2.B
3.B
4.A
Passage6(2017课标全国Ⅰ,C)词数:325
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April30as a day to raise awareness of jazz music,its significance,and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures.
Despite the celebrations,though,in the U.S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older,and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz,Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve its history and culture.
“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite,”Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It’s actually color,and it’s actually digital.”
Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in1908or1958.It has to continue to move,because the way the world works is not the same,”says Moran.
Last year,Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party,“just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance music as much as it is concert music,”says Moran.“For me,it’s the recontextualization.In music,where does the emotion(情感)lie?Are we,as humans,gaining any insight(感悟)on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts?Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context,”says Moran,“so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”
1.Why did UNESCO set April30as International Jazz Day?
A.To remember the birth of jazz.
B.To protect cultural diversity.
C.To encourage people to study music.
D.To recognize the value of jazz.
2.What does the underlined word“that”in paragraph3refer to?
A.Jazz becoming more accessible.
B.The production of jazz growing faster.
C.Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.The jazz audience becoming larger.
3.What can we infer about Moran’s opinion on jazz?
A.It will disappear gradually.
B.It remains black and white.
C.It should keep up with the times.
D.It changes every50years.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A.Exploring the Future of Jazz
B.The Rise and Fall of Jazz
C.The Story of a Jazz Musician
D.Celebrating the Jazz Day
答案
1.D
2.C
3.C
4.A
Passage7(2017课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:317
Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle—named the Transition—has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around70miles per hour on the road and115in the air.It flies using a23-gallon tank of gas and burns5gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets35miles per gallon.
Around100people have already put down a$10,000deposit to get a Transition when they go on sale, and those numbers will likely rise after Terrafugia introduces the Transition to the public later this week at the New York Auto Show.But don’t expect it to show up in too many driveways.It’s expected to cost$279,000. And it won’t help if you’re stuck in traffic.The car needs a runway.
Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality. The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards.
Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft,which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes.Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete20hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,
a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.The basic data of the Transition.
B.The advantages of flying cars.
C.The potential market for flying cars.
D.The designers of the Transition.
2.Why is the Transition unlikely to show up in too many driveways?
A.It causes traffic jams.
B.It is difficult to operate.
C.It is very expensive.
D.It burns too much fuel.
3.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?
A.Cautious.
B.Favorable.
C.Ambiguous.
D.Disapproving.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Flying Car at Auto Show
B.The Transition’s First Flight
C.Pilots’Dream Coming True
D.Flying Car Closer to Reality
答案
1.A
2.C
3.B
4.D
Passage8(2017课标全国Ⅲ,D)词数:324
The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named“DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝)and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe,the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航)tools,night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains:“For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is
important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills.The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.”
Dr Amy Guo,the leading researcher on the older driver study,explains:“The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key stress points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example,most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined.We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案)to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
1.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A.To explore new means of transport.
B.To design new types of cars.
C.To find out older drivers’problems.
D.To teach people traffic rules.
2.Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A.It keeps them independent.
B.It helps them save time.
C.It builds up their strength.
D.It cures their mental illnesses.
3.What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A.Improve their driving skills.
B.Develop driver-assist technologies.
C.Provide tips on repairing their cars.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc9709114.html,anize regular physical checkups.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.A New Model Electric Car
B.A Solution to Traffic Problems
C.Driving Services for Elders
D.Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
答案
1.C
2.A
3.B
4.D
Passage9(2016课标全国Ⅰ,D)词数:332
The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful,or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness,uneasiness,or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable;therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person’s needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people,just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore,when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops,what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures,silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways,particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example,Russian,French,and Spanish persons
may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However,Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use,persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect,particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient’s silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.
A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
1.What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A.It implies anger.
B.It promotes friendship.
C.It is culture-specific.
D.It is content-based.
2.Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A.The Chinese.
B.The French.
C.The Mexicans.
D.The Russians.
3.What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A.Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B.Break it while treating patients.
C.Evaluate its harm to patients.
D.Make use of its healing effects.
4.What may be the best title for the text?
A.Sound and Silence
B.What It Means to Be Silent
C.Silence to Native Americans
D.Speech Is Silver;Silence Is Gold
答案
1.C
2.A
3.D
4.B
Passage10(2016课标全国Ⅱ,C)词数:254
Reading can be a social activity.Think of the people who belong to book groups.They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them.Now,the website https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc9709114.html, turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.
Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share.BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book.Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.
Bruce Pederson,the managing director of BookCrossing,says,“The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read.BookCrossing combines both.”
Members leave books on park benches and buses,in train stations and coffee shops.Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.
People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it.E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found.Bruce Pederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.
BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the“real”and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countries.
1.Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?
A.To explain what they are.
B.To introduce BookCrossing.
C.To stress the importance of reading.
D.To encourage readers to share their ideas.
2.What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph2refer to?
A.The book.
B.An adventure.
C.A public place.
D.The identification number.
3.What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?
A.Meet other readers to discuss it.
B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.
C.Pass it on to another reader.
D.Mail it back to its owner.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Online Reading:A Virtual Tour
B.Electronic Books:A New Trend
C.A Book Group Brings Tradition Back
D.A Website Links People through Books
答案
1.B
2.A
3.C
4.D
Passage11(2015课标全国Ⅱ,B)词数:304
Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating,for people are often less self-conscious(难为情)when they’re in poorly lit places—and so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesn’t have enough window light,get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.
Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study,people who ate meals in a blue room consumed33percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it’s time to repaint,go blue.
Don’t forget the clock—or the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about70fewer calories(卡路里)per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time,and try to make dinner last at least30minutes.And while you’re at it,actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down,turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.
Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about22percent more when using a12-inch plate instead of a10-inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one,total intake(摄入)jumps by14percent.And we’ll pour about30percent more liquid into a short,wide glass than a tall,skinny glass.
1.The text is especially helpful for those who care about.
A.their home comforts
B.their body shape
C.house buying
D.healthy diets
2.A home environment in blue can help people.
A.digest food better
B.reduce food intake
C.burn more calories
D.regain their appetites
3.What are people advised to do at mealtimes?
A.Eat quickly.
B.Play fast music.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc9709114.html,e smaller spoons.
D.Turn down the lights.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Is Your House Making You Fat?
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?
答案
1.B
2.B
3.C
4.A
B组自主命题·省(区、市)卷题组
Passage1(2019浙江,C)词数:305
California has lost half its big trees since the1930s,according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor(因素).
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by50percent on more than46,000square miles of California forests,the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected,from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country,the number of big trees has fallen by more than55percent;in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75percent.
Many factors contributed to the decline,said Patrick McIntyre,an ecologist who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees.Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources(资源).
But in comparing a study of California forests done in the1920s and1930s with another one between 2001and2010,McIntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development.
The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed,taking into account such things as rainfall,air temperature,dampness of soil,and the timing of snowmelt(融雪).
Since the1930s,McIntyre said,the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures,which cause trees to lose more water to the air,and earlier snowmelt,which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season.
1.What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B.The increasing variety of California big trees.
C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D.The influence of farming on big trees in California.
2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
A.Ecological studies of forests.
B.Banning woodcutting.
C.Limiting housing development.
D.Fire control measures.
3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre?
A.Inadequate snowmelt.
B.A longer dry season.
C.A warmer climate.
D.Dampness of the air.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.California’s Forests:Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?
B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon
C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?
D.Patrick McIntyre:Grow More Big Trees in California
答案
1.A
2.D
3.C
4.A
Passage2(2019天津,B)词数:432
I must have always known reading was very important because the first memories I have as a child deal with books.There was not one night that I don’t remember Mom reading me a storybook by my bedside.
I was extremely inspired by the elegant way the words sounded.
I always wanted to know what my mom was reading.Hearing Mom say,“I can’t believe what’s printed in the newspaper this morning,”made me want to grab it out of her hands and read it myself.I wanted to be like my mom and know all of the things she knew.So I carried around a book,and each night,just to be like her,I would pretend to be reading.
This is how everyone learned to read.We would start off with sentences,then paragraphs,and then stories. It seemed an unending journey,but even as a six-year-old girl I realized that knowing how to read could open many doors.When Mom said,“The C-A-N-D-Y is hidden on the top shelf,”I knew where the candy was.My progress in reading raised my curiosity,and I wanted to know everything.I often found myself telling my mom to drive more slowly,so that I could read all of the road signs we passed.
Most of my reading through primary,middle and high school was factual reading.I read for knowledge, and to make A’s on my tests.Occasionally,I would read a novel that was assigned,but I didn’t enjoy this type of reading.I liked facts,things that are concrete.I thought anything abstract left too much room for argument.
Yet,now that I’m growing and the world I once knew as being so simple is becoming more complex,
I find myself needing a way to escape.By opening a novel,I can leave behind my burdens and enter into
a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.In these worlds I can become anyone.
I don’t have to write down what happened or what technique the author was using when he or she wrote this.I just read to relax.
We’re taught to read because it’s necessary for much of human understanding.Reading is a vital part of my life.Reading satisfies my desire to keep learning.And I’ve found that the possibilities that lie within books are limitless.
1.Why did the author want to grab the newspaper out of Mom’s hands?
A.She wanted Mom to read the news to her.
B.She was anxious to know what had happened.
C.She couldn’t wait to tear the newspaper apart.
D.She couldn’t help but stop Mom from reading.
2.According to Paragraph3,the author’s reading of road signs indicates.
A.her unique way to locate herself
B.her eagerness to develop her reading ability
C.her effort to remind Mom to obey traffic rules
D.her growing desire to know the world around her
3.What was the author’s view on factual reading?
A.It would help her update test-taking skills.
B.It would allow much room for free thinking.
C.It would provide true and objective information.
D.It would help shape a realistic and serious attitude to life.
4.The author takes novel reading as a way to.
A.explore a fantasy land
B.develop a passion for learning
C.learn about the adult community
D.get away from a confusing world
5.What could be the best title for the passage?
A.The Magic of Reading
B.The Pleasure of Reading
C.Growing Up with Reading
D.Reading Makes a Full Man
答案
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.D
5.C
Passage3(2019北京,C)词数:466
The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.By next year,half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through.Unfortunately,it’s too little,too late.By the time these “solutions”(解决方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means.In the near future,it’s not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.Soon you will also question whether the voice you’re hearing is actually real.
That’s because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation(处理)and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use.At this year’s I/O Conference,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision.A decade of data breaches(数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name,and far more.Armed with this knowledge,they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means,for example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s,tricking you into“confirming” your address, mother’s name,and card number.Scammers follow money,so companies will be the worst hit.A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships.Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks.Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images,showing when and who they were made by,or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp,which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose,and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.
1.How does the author feel about the solutions to the problem of robocalls?
A.Panicked.
B.Confused.
C.Embarrassed.
D.Disappointed.
2.Taking advantage of the new technologies,scammers can.
A.aim at victims precisely
B.damage databases easily
C.start campaigns rapidly
D.spread information widely
3.What does the passage imply?
A.Honesty is the best policy.
B.Technologies can be double-edged.
C.There are more solutions than problems.
D.Credibility holds the key to development.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Robocalls
C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
答案
1.D
2.A
3.B
4.C
Passage4(2018浙江,B)词数:279
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he’s an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter,including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein’s jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than100billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台).The bags are prohibited in some90cities in California,including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers’arguments:many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at,they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement:reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is,the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least131times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don’t dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A.Help increase grocery sales.
B.Recycle the waste material.
C.Stop things falling off trucks.
D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.
2.What does the word“headwinds”in paragraph2refer to?
A.Bans on plastic bags.
B.Effects of city development.
C.Headaches caused by garbage.
D.Plastic bags hung in trees.
3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A.They are quite expensive.
B.Replacing them can be difficult.
C.They are less strong than plastic bags.
D.Producing them requires more energy.
4.What is the best title for the text?
A.Plastic,Paper or Neither
B.Industry,Pollution and Environment
C.Recycle or Throw Away
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control
答案
1.D
2.A
3.D
4.A
Passage5(2018天津,C)词数:365
There’s a new frontier in3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:food.Recent development has made possible machines that print,cook,and serve foods on a mass scale.And the industry isn’t stopping there.
Food production
With a3D printer,a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience,but a printer makes it easy.
A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to“re-create forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same,”freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant,all of the dishes and desserts it serves are3D-printed, rather than farm to table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The global population is expected to grow to9.6billion by2050,and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by50percent to maintain current levels.Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids(水解胶体)from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类)and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.Grocery stores of the future might stock“food”that lasts years on end,freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.
Nutrition
Future3D food printers could make processed food healthier.Hod Lipson,a professor at Columbia University,said,“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content,like vitamins.So instead of eating a piece of yesterday’s bread from the supermarket,you’d eat something baked just for you on demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in3D food printing,the industry has many challenges to overcome.Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物)before a printer can use them,and the printing process is quite time-consuming,because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.On top of that, most of the3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients because meat and milk products may easily go bad.Some experts are skeptical about3D food printers,believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.
1.What benefit does3D printing bring to food production?
A.It helps cooks to create new dishes.
B.It saves time and effort in cooking.
C.It improves the cooking conditions.
D.It contributes to restaurant decorations.
2.What can we learn about3D food printing from Paragraph3?
A.It solves food shortages easily.
B.It quickens the transportation of food.
C.It needs no space for the storage of food.
D.It uses renewable materials as sources of food.
3.According to Paragraph4,3D-printed food.
A.is more available to consumers
B.can meet individual nutritional needs
C.is more tasty than food in supermarkets
D.can keep all the nutrition in raw materials
4.What is the main factor that prevents3D food printing from spreading widely?
A.The printing process is complicated.
B.3D food printers are too expensive.
C.Food materials have to be dry.
D.Some experts doubt3D food printing.
5.What could be the best title of the passage?
A.3D Food Printing:Delicious New Technology
B.A New Way to Improve3D Food Printing
C.The Challenges for3D Food Production
D.3D Food Printing:From Farm to Table
答案
1.B
2.D
3.B
4.C
5.A
Passage6(2018北京,A)词数:319
My First Marathon(马拉松)
A month before my first marathon,one of my ankles was injured and this meant not running for two weeks,leaving me only two weeks to train.Yet,I was determined to go ahead.
I remember back to my7th year in school.In my first P.E.class,the teacher required us to run laps and then hit a softball.I didn’t do either well.He later informed me that I was“not athletic”.
The idea that I was“not athletic”stuck with me for years.When I started running in my30s,I realized running was a battle against myself,not about competition or whether or not I was athletic.It was all about the battle against my own body and mind.A test of wills!
The night before my marathon,I dreamt that I couldn’t even find the finish line.I woke up sweating and nervous,but ready to prove something to myself.
Shortly after crossing the start line,my shoe laces(鞋带)became untied.So I stopped to readjust.Not the start I wanted!
At mile3,I passed a sign:“GO FOR IT,RUNNERS!”
By mile17,I became out of breath and the once injured ankle hurt badly.Despite the pain,I stayed the course walking a bit and then running again.
By mile21,I was starving!
As I approached mile23,I could see my wife waving a sign.She is my biggest fan.She never minded the alarm clock sounding at4a.m.or questioned my expenses on running.
I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished!And I got a medal.In fact,I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.
Determined to be myself,move forward,free of shame and worldly labels(世俗标签),I can now call myself a“marathon winner”.
1.A month before the marathon,the author.
A.was well trained
B.felt scared
C.made up his mind to run
D.lost hope
2.Why did the author mention the P.E.class in his7th year?
A.To acknowledge the support of his teacher.
B.To amuse the readers with a funny story.
C.To show he was not talented in sports.
D.To share a precious memory.
3.How was the author’s first marathon?
A.He made it.
B.He quit halfway.
C.He got the first prize.
D.He walked to the end.
4.What does the story mainly tell us?
A.A man owes his success to his family support.
B.A winner is one with a great effort of will.
C.Failure is the mother of success.
D.One is never too old to learn.
答案
1.C
2.C
3.A
4.B
Passage7(2018北京,C)词数:345
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than300million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场),and up to12million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene,which accounts for40%of plastics.The team left100wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for12hours,and the worms consumed and broke down about92milligrams,or almost3% of it.To confirm that the worms’chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown,the researchers made some worms into paste(糊状物)and applied it to plastic films.14hours later the films had lost13%of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶)from the worms’stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in2017.
Federica Bertocchini,co-author of the study,says the worms’ability to break down their everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture,but the basic bond in polyethylene,the carbon-carbon bond,is there as well,”she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn,a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee,who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step,DeBruyn says,will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply“millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
1.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
2.According to Jennifer DeBruyn,the next step of the study is to.
A.identify other means of the breakdown
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the research findings
D.increase the breakdown speed
3.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might.
A.help to raise worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be used to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
4.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To present a way to break down plastics.
D.To propose new means to keep eco-balance.
答案
1.C
2.B
3.D
4.C
Passage8(2017浙江,A)词数:326
Benjamin West,the father of American painting,showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days,a brush was made from camel’s hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long,the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱).His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The cat’s lot was about to improve.That year,one of Benjamin’s cousins,Mr.Pennington,came to visit. He was impressed with Benjamin’s drawings.When he went home,he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画)by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In1747,when Benjamin was nine years old,Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city,Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风景)painting.William Williams,a well-known painter,came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little,having been a poor student.But he later said,“Those two books were my companions by day,and under my pillow at night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books,they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.
1.What is the text mainly about?
A.Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.
B.Williams’influence on Benjamin.
C.The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.
D.The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
2.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph3suggest?
A.The cat would be closely watched.
B.The cat would get some medical care.
C.Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D.Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
3.What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A.He took him to see painting exhibitions.
B.He provided him with painting materials.
C.He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D.He taught him how to make engravings.
4.Williams’two books helped Benjamin to.
A.master the use of paints
B.appreciate landscape paintings
C.get to know other painters
D.make up his mind to be a painter
答案
1.C
2.D
3.B
4.D
Passage9(2017天津,A)词数:307
Suppose you’re in a rush,feeling tired,not paying attention to your screen,and you send an email that could get you in trouble.
Realisation will probably set in seconds after you’ve clicked“send”.You freeze in horror and burn with shame.
What to do?Here are four common email accidents,and how to recover.
Clicking“send”too soon
Don’t waste your time trying to find out if the receiver has read it yet.Write another email as swiftly as you can and send it with a brief title explaining that this is the correct version and the previous version should be ignored.
Writing the wrong name
The sooner you notice,the better.Respond quickly and briefly,apologising for your mistake.Keep the tone measured:don’t handle it too lightly,as people can be offended,especially if your error suggests a misunderstanding of their culture(i.e.incorrect ordering of Chinese names).
Clicking“reply all” unintentionally
You accidentally reveal(透露)to the entire company what menu choices you would prefer at the staff Christmas dinner,or what holiday you’d like to take.In this instance,the best solution is to send a quick, light-hearted apology to explain your awkwardness.But it can quickly rise to something worse,when everyone starts hitting“reply all” to join in a long and unpleasant conversation.In this instance,step away from your keyboard to allow everyone to calm down.
Sending an offensive message to its subject
The most awkward email mistake is usually committed in anger.You write an unkind message about someone,intending to send it to a friend,but accidentally send it to the person you’re discussing.In that case, ask to speak in person as soon as possible and say sorry.Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly—see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
1.After realising an email accident,you are likely to feel.
A.curious
B.tired
C.awful
D.funny
2.If you have written the wrong name in an email,it is best to.
A.apologise in a serious manner
B.tell the receiver to ignore the error
C.learn to write the name correctly
D.send a short notice to everyone
3.What should you do when an unpleasant conversation is started by your“reply all” email?
A.Try offering other choices.
B.Avoid further involvement.
C.Meet other staff members.
D.Make a light-hearted apology.
4.How should you deal with the problem caused by an offensive email?
A.By promising not to offend the receiver again.
B.By seeking support from the receiver’s friends.
C.By asking the receiver to control his anger.
D.By talking to the receiver face to face.
5.What is the passage mainly about?
A.Defining email errors.
B.Reducing email mistakes.
C.Handling email accidents.
D.Improving email writing.
答案
1.C
2.A
3.B
4.D
5.C
Passage10(2017北京,C)词数:358
Measles(麻疹),which once killed450children each year and disabled even more,was nearly wiped out in the United States14years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback,caused by a growing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly.Already this year,115measles cases have been reported in the USA,compared with189for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.When vaccination rates are very high,as they still are in the nation as a whole,everyone is protected.This is called“herd immunity”,which protects the people who get hurt easily,including those who can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons,babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn’t work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride,immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That’s exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County,California, where22measles cases were reported this month,to Brooklyn,N.Y.,where a17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades,and it is driven by a real but very small risk.Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加)of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten.Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免),sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now,several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out.But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons.But personal opinions?Not good enough.Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide,but they’ll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
1.The first two paragraphs suggest that.
A.a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trend
B.the outbreak of measles attracts the public attention
C.anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons
https://www.doczj.com/doc/dc9709114.html,rmation about measles spreads quickly
2.Herd immunity works well when.
2014年高考英语作文热门话题之一---雅安地震 2014年4月20日，四川省雅安市芦山发生强烈地震，造成很大损失。学校号召全体师生向灾区捐款。请你拟一个发言稿，在学校捐款动员大会上使用。发言稿主要内容应包括： 1. 对灾区情况的简单介绍(包括地震发生时间、地点、造成的财产和人员损失等); 2. 捐款的意义(帮助灾区人民渡过难关、帮助灾区重建); 3. 如何捐款(自愿、多少不限、以班级为单位，收齐后交到学校红十字会) 注意： 1. 不要逐条翻译; 2. 可适当增加细节;以使文章连贯; 3. 词数至少100词。参考范文： Dear teachers and students, As we all know, a terrible earthquake happened in Lushan, Sichuan Province on April 20, in which many buildings were destroyed and many people were injured. In order to help the earthquake victims to go through the hard times and rebuild their hometown, the school has called on everyone in our school, including both teachers and students, to donate money to the earthquake-stricken area. This donation is voluntary. You can give away however much you want to. The money will be collected by each class before it is handed to the Red Cross Society of our school. We hope that everyone will be kind enough to do what you can to help our fellowmen out of the difficulty. Thank you. 2014年高考英语作文热门话题之二---“中国梦” 最近，你们班召开了以“我的中国梦”为主题的班会活动。请写一篇日记，记述班会情况及自己的感受。内容要点如下：1.每位同学都畅谈了自己对中国梦的理解;2.你谈到了自己的梦想;3.如何实现自己的梦想。注意：1.总词数不少于100。 2.不可逐条翻译。3.开头已给出，不计入总词数。 April 8 Monday Fine Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of My Chinese Dream. Inspired by President Xi’s Chinese Dream, everyone talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I have always wanted to be a doctor. Not only can doctors save people’s lives but also they are doing a respectable job. Doctors can also help people to live a better life with their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I must try to work hard from now on. I must learn as much as I can so that I can get into a good medical college, where I can prepare myself adequately for the job of a doctor. Only in this way can I accomplish my goal.
2021届高考英语主旨大意题专项练习 1 I arrived at this beautiful Spanish island at the start of September, full of enthusiasm and eager to start working as an English teacher. I sorted all the necessary paperwork out and moved into a flat of my own within the first couple of days.Great, or so I thought. At 4 am and at several intervals after that, I was rudely awoken by the cock that lives opposite me.Fantastic! I now have 5 extra alarms every morning. In the following weeks, I also started to notice a trend.Things in my flat started to break at the rate of one object per day，like the hot water line, bowls, cups, the shower, doors or glass shelves. Yes, I am clumsy but things just fell apart. If it wasn't broken, it would either be dirty or missing Using my washing basket for the first time was pretty disgusting. When I took out my clothes, they were swiftly followed by a hundred or so bugs that were living in the bottom. As for the general lack of equipment in the house, there was no oven, tin opener, sharp knives or potato peeler. It turned out making a burger from scratch wasn't the best idea. I had a small microwave and a grill. I thought the general understanding was never to put metal in a microwave but I went on. Smoke soon started to appear. I was not quite sure if it was the burger or the grill but as soon as I opened the door, the electricity cut out. I spent the following 10 minutes in a dark, smoky room hunting for the power switch using the light from my mobile phone, which broke the week after and left me without a connection to the outer world. Luckily, I'm now borrowing a phone and my luck has returned. No more things have broken (probably because there is nothing left to break). I've also realized that even if a flat looks pretty, it doesn't mean its contents work. I am also learning how to adapt to life with limited, broken utensils (用具)． 1．What problem did the author have in the morning？ A．She often slept late. B．Her alarm failed to work. C．She got some noisy neighbors. D．Her sleep was disturbed by a rooster. 2．What can we know about the author from Paragraph 2？ A．She was a very careful woman. B．She was quite satisfied with her flat. C．Her flat was pretty old but comfortable. D．Her household articles were in poor condition. 3．What happened when the author was making a burger？ A．She was seriously injured. B．She made a terrible mistake.
2020年最新 20XX高考复习：20篇高考英语话题作文大 汇总 测试题
2021中小学英语复习题 练习试卷 测试题集合 2020年最新 20XX 高考复习：20篇高考英语话题作文大汇总 一. The Best Movie I like to see movie so much. When I have time, the first thing I ’d like to do is to find the hot movies and then buy some snacks, enjoying my movie hours. After appreciating so many movies, The Lord of the Rings impresses me the most. This movie has three series and I like them all. Though the moive was made in about 2000, its technology is still not out of date. In the movie, the scenery is so beautiful that I can ’t move my eyes away. It was shot in New Zealand and I have made up my mind that I must go there someday and have a look at the beautiful scenery. The movie shows me a scientific world with all kinds of creatures. It broadens my vision. 最好的电影
2019-2020年高考英语高频词汇必背及训练8 adj.乐观的 We are still optimistic, whatever the result may be. 我们仍然乐观，不论结果如何。 The stockholders are optimistic about the pany's future.股东对公司的前景很乐观。 反义词：pessimistic adj.悲观的 Her pessimistic attitude turns him off. 她那悲观的态度令他很不高兴。 ________，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile. A．Shy and cautious B．Sensitive and thoughtful C．Honest and confident D．Lighthearted and optimistic n. (1)气候 She is not used to living in a cold climate. 她不习惯寒带生活。 (2)(某一社会、时代的)风气，趋势；气氛，环境气氛 social climate 社会风气 political climate政治气候 the current climate of opinion目前的舆论环境 After the revolution，the climate of the country remained tense. 革命以后，那个国家的气氛依然紧张。 climate/weather辨析 climate：气候，指一个地区气候的总情况，如气温、降雨量等，还可指(社会)风气。weather：天气，指特定的一天或某个时节的天气的具体情况，如冷暖阴晴等。 What will the weather be like tomorrow 明天天气怎样 I would rather live in France because of the climate. 由于气候原因，我宁愿住在法国。 单项填空 (1)For the sake of her daughter's health，she decided to move to a warm________. A．weather B．temperature C．season D．climate (2)Although farmers there mainly grow wheat，the________is also warm enough to grow rice. A．criminal B．climate C．air D．sky (1)n.洪水，水灾(可数) The town was destroyed by the floods after the storm. 暴风雨过后，小镇被洪水淹没了。 (2)n.大批，大量流入 There was a flood of plaints about the poor service at the restaurant. 许多人投诉这家餐馆服务质量差劲。
2016高考英语作文热点话题作文 1、低碳生活现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”(low-carbon life)，即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗、低开支的生活方式。低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，请你写一篇短文向一家英文报社投稿。内容包括：你的具体做法、你的感受以及建议。 提示词语：be good for, everyone, ride a bike, think, make a difference, environment, suggest, reuse ★范文 Low-carbon life is good for everyone. To help with the environment, I always walk or ride a bike to school instead of taking a car. Besides, I will try to use things that can be recycled and I never forget to turn off the lights when I leave the classroom. I think it’s my duty to live a low-carbon life. And even the simplest activities can make a real difference to the environment. So I suggest we should reuse books as long as possible. And we’d better not spend much money on expensive clothes. If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will be a better place。 2. 假如你是Li Lin，你的英国笔友Eric来信询问你家乡是否有雾霾(thick haze)，情况如何。请按提示写一封不少于60词的电子邮件回复他。要求卷面整洁书写工整;内容可在包含要点的基础上适当发挥。 提示：1. 感谢他的关心; 2. 介绍:(1)去年冬天有多次雾霾; (2)空气被严重污，危害：车祸，生病等; 3. 正采取各种举措减少其发生。 Dear Erik, I’m glad to receive your letter. You asked if there is thick haze in my hometown. Thank you for your caring for the weather and my health. There was heavy haze last winter. The air is badly polluted. Many traffic accidents happened and more and more people have to go to see the doctor because of the smog. People have realized the great harm caused by the smog and the importance of protecting the environment. The government suggests people to go to work or school with the public traffic, such as the bus and the underground. Also we should plant more trees. According to me, I will go to school by bike or on foot, and I won’t throw the waste anywhere. Would you like to tell me some good ideas? I’m looking forward to your reply.
广东省2011届高三英语专题训练（词汇练习） 易错词汇练习 1.If you practise it _________ (repeat) , you will have a good command of it . 2.They are trying to find evidence of the _________ (exist) of this kind of rare animal. 3. This is the __________ (twenty) anniversary of the great event. 4. You can see lots of ________ (bacterium) in the food through a telescope. 5.__________ (theory), you can take three of them with you at a time. 6.He lied to the policemen to escape ________ (punish). 7.__________ (hope), all the nations came to help the victims in the earthquake. 8.Shooting, __________ (origin) as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. 9.He put on so much ________ ( weigh) that he found it difficult to climb the stairs. 10. Some art _______ (history) doubt whether the London paintings hold this much documentary evidence. 11.There was a ______ (die) silence before the doors opened and the men started to step out. 12. The taxi driver was badly hurt and still _________ after the accident, but his daughter was ___________ and was smiling to us __________. (conscious) 13. They supplied a lot of advanced _________ to the school with the hope that the students can be _________ with knowledge and in the future they can make contributions to nation. (equip) 14. The victim __________the criminal carefully to the police. They soon caught him according to the victim’s __________. (describe). 15.As a shipbuilder, Cooker was trying to find a _________ to the problem of the wave resistance. After many trials, he finally _________ the problem. (solve) 16. She pursued her ____in another country, ______, he found that it turned for worse. (fortunate) 17. Only when you overcome your own fears will you ________ (success). 18. It not only broadens our minds, but also _____ (rich) our life during summer vacation. 19. According to a new study, it may be much more _______ (benefit) to human body than we have imagined. 20. What’s the _______ (long) and ________ (wide) of our classroom? 21. He is late. He is _________ (probable) stuck in a traffic jam. 22. Agricultural work is traditionally seen as a male __________ (occupy). 23. Only two of the applicants had the necessary _______________ (qualify) 24. ______________ (employ) among graduates is increasing because they lack work experience. 25. Her ___________ was purely ______________ scientific (curious). 26. After 25 years the town centre had changed beyond all __________（recognize）. 27. Children should learn how to protect themselves to avoid __________(occur) of accidents. 28. His teachers told him to stick to his study, or he'd ________(doubt) fail his exam. 29. His_________(annoy) kid made him_________(annoy) a lot. 30. When someone catches a cold, signs of cough and ___________(breath) are common. 31. Your________(belief) are very powerful and have the power to create or to destroy your life. 32. Though John is a person with ________（able）, his strong will still ___________（able） him to overcome many difficulties. 33. Many people benefited from his countless __________（generous） 34. _______( beg) can’t be c hoosers. 35. She has played a ___________(decide) role in the peace negotiation. 36. His hesitation indicates __________(will). 37. Women increasingly went out to work, usually out of economic ________(necessary). 38. They delight small children because they have strong rhythm and rhyme and have a lot of __________(repeat). 39. In the winter the total absence of sunlight can be __________(tire),and for some, depressing. 40.Anna will be remembered for his effective management and personal diplomacy, and his____________(warm) and charm. 41. If there were no bad people, there would be no good__________(law). 42. It is a very effective way to learn the language and improve your __________ (pronounce) and intonation. 43.Many people are ___(picnic) on the river bank.
高考英语主旨大意题答题技巧 我们阅读一篇文章，首先是要了解其大意，明确其主旨。因此，主旨大意题是 常考题。主旨大意题包括：主要内容(main idea， mainly about)型、文章标题(title)型、写作目的(purpose)型。 一、主要内容型 [技巧点拨]弄清文章的大意，关键是找到主题句。 主题句的位置：主题句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼应，有时也在文中，或没有主题句，需根据文章所述内容进行归纳。各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。议论文和说明文 一般有主题句，但记叙文通常没有主题句，需要归纳。 找主题句的方法：用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾 句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息。 找主题句的四个小窍门： 1.段落中出现表转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子很可能是主题句。 2.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能就是主题句。 3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。 4.表示总结或结论的话常有therefore，thus， in short，conclude， conclusion 等。 经典例题 1. That’s when Jack arrived on the scene. He was different from any other guy I’d dated. He could sit for hours on the piano bench with my mother, discussing some composers. My brother Rick loudly announced that Jack wasn’t a turkey like the other guys I’d brought home. Jack passed my family’s test. But what about Dad’s?
高考英语作文常考文体（邀请信、日记、新闻报道、通知、广场舞、共享单车、 民间艺术） 邀请 假定你是李华,你校的交换生Tom对中国的民间艺术很感兴趣,本周五学校将要举办”校园文化周",请你写一份封电子邮件,邀请Tom去体验编织艺术,内容包括: 1 提出邀请并简述原因 2活动的内容（了解编织艺术的历史：1000多年；观看编织艺术的展览；用竹子编椅子，窗帘，装饰品） 3约定与Tom见面的时间和地点 4期待对方的回复 Dear Tom Here comes a piece of good news, the Campus Culture Festival will be hosted this Friday. Since you have a strong passion for Chinese folk art, it’s a great pleasure for me to invite you to join us to feel the fascination of the weaving art. The activity is scheduled to last approximately two hours, from 3:30pm to 5:30pm in the school hall. It covers a wide variety of content. Not only can we appreciate numerous appealing weaving works ranging from chairs to decorations, but also we’ll watch the documentary concerning the history of the weaving art. In addition, some distinguished professors will be invited to deliver a lecture about how to promote the development of the weaving art, during which time you will be definitely gain a better understanding of it. By the way, if you are available, we’ll meet at three sharp outside the school gate. How I hope you can take my invitation into consideration! Your timely reply will be highly appreciated.
高考英语重点词汇填空专项练习 请根据句意和汉语提示填入一个恰当的英语单词(注意形式)。 1. Prices have risen steadily during the past _________(十年), namely from 2005 to now. 2. His interest in this subject gradually _________(减少) because he dislikes the new teacher. 3. Such _________(装饰品) is a typical feature of the new year festival. 4. It was not long before the ________(潮湿的) clothes dried up in the sun. 5. I must apologize for the ________(延误) in writing back to you. 6. I am much __________(高兴) to be present at the lecture and to give you a speech. 7. The thin mailman _________(递送) letters and parcels from door to door every morning. 8. Our headteacher _________(要求) we get to the classroom before half past six in the morning. 9. He had been suffering from toothache for a few days before he went to see a _________(牙医). 10. The hero should _________ (值得/应得) praise and a reward for his brave behavior. 11. It’s admitted that everyone _________(期望/想要) to live in a world free of wars and starvation. 12. If you don’t speak good English, you will be at a big _________(劣势) when seeking a job. 13. There was a ________(失望的) look on his face when he failed to pass the driving test again. 14. Our school _________(阻止/使气馁) us from staying up late to study. 15. Every day after I get up, I _______(给……穿衣服) my son and then wash his hands and face. 16. So _________(满是灰尘的) is the window that I can’t see anything clearly outside. 17. I _______(捐赠) my blood for free each year with the hope of helping those people in need. 18. He works hard, but he does not ______(赚/挣) much money to support his family. 19. I go all out for my ideal university, for I think nothing is more important than ________(教育). 20. What is certain is that every ________(结果) must have a cause. 21. I work hard to improve my English, believing that my ________(努力) will pay off soon. 22. There are four _________(紧急情况) exits in the department store in all. 23. To save money, many shops prefer to ________(雇佣) students during summer vacation. 24. Without your _________(鼓励), I would have given up learning and dropped out of school. 25. When asked why she remained single all the time, she felt a bit _________(尴尬). 26. Some people are tired of living on the earth and want to ________ (体验) the life on Mars. 27. With the College E Examination coming, we are under great pressure. 28. Mr. Smith is an ________(专家) on foreign language teaching. 29. Only by practicing a lot can you speak (流利的) English. 30. She had the f the other day and she went to see a doctor. 31. He is so poor that he can’t afford to buy the ________ (昂贵的) furniture. 32. The whole building was in ________(火焰) and it took two hours to put out the great fire. 33. As the saying goes, f is the mother of success. 34. We should try our best to create a better living ________ (环境). 35. Mr. Wang often encourages me to join in more activities to ________ (丰富) my
2017年高考英语作文16类话题预测(含范文) 教育部考试中心主任姜钢在《中国高等教育杂志》刊登的文章《坚持以立德树人为核心深化高考考试内容改革》透露，在命题工作中更加注重“四个加强”：加强社会主义核心价值观的考查;加强依法治国理念的考查;加强中国优秀传统文化的考查;加强创新能力的考查。业内人士认为，无论是发言者的身份，还是探 讨的话题，堪称权威重磅。 反观近年全国卷真题，2013年I卷的“中国画”、2013年II卷的“中国结”和2015年II卷的“重阳节”均考查了“中国优秀传统文化”这个话题;其中2015年II卷的“重阳节去敬老院”还考查“社会主义核心价值观(孝敬老人)”这个话题。 一、文体 1.稳。即文体基本局限于应用文中的书信体(含电子邮件)。 2.变。即可能会回避近年(特别是两三年内)考过的邀请信、求助信(请求信)、建议信、申请信、咨询信、约稿信。有可能倾向于近年未考过的祝贺信、感谢信、求职信等书信体;另外属于应用文的留言条也是生活中常用文体，也可能是考查 方向(2009年I卷考查过留言条)。 二、话题 1.很可能会突出“中国优秀传统文化”这个方向。例如中国的四大艺术“琴棋书画”、文房四宝、四大发明、四大名著、国粹京剧、唐诗宋词、古代建筑艺术、 文化遗址、中国武术、中医中药等等，与这些相关的话题均可能是命题的重要素材。 诚实”“ 守信”等。实际上，这 2.可能是体现“社会主义核心价值观”，如“爱国”“ 些也是中华优良的传统美德。 3.也可能是升学、留学、求职、招聘等方面相关的话题。 三、猜题 1.(祝贺信)假如你是李华，你的美国网友Peter参加中国象棋网络挑战赛获得了一等奖。请根据以下提示写一封英文电子邮件向他表示祝贺。 1)祝贺他获奖; 2)肯定他付出的努力;
1999年 一些学生认为学英语很重要；一些学生则认为不必学英语；我认为……（观点、理由） 2000年 1。我最难忘的一课 2。具体说明为何难忘 3。感想 2001年 请你谈谈轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境和经济可能产生的影响。 2002年 你们让我骑好吗？ 简述图片内容，结合生活实际，就图片的主题谈谈自己的感想。 2003年 你的好友因家境一般买不起名牌而闷闷不乐。给他写信，谈谈你的看法和建议。 收信人：徐海青 寄信人：黄平 写信日期：2003年六月八日 2004年 老师要求你负责班级墙报（wall-newspaper)工作并征求你的意见。在日记中表述你的决定并谈谈想法。 2005年 古人云：“天生我材必有用”（There must be a use for my talent）。 通过描述你生活中一件事，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。 2006年 下表提供了你所心仪的南、北两所大学的招生信息。通过比较作出选择，并结合个人情况说明理由。
南方大学北方大学 学费8000元/年5000元/年 招生人数20人10人 优惠政策无加20分 2007年 以“礼物”为主题写一篇作文。该文章必须包括以下内容： 1、你送礼物的对象及所送的礼物； 2、该礼物对他（她）可能产生的影响或带来的变化。 2008年 你班将组队参加学校组织的集体舞比赛（group dancing cooipetition)，班长希望大家积极参加。对此谈谈你的看法。你的文章必须包括以下内容： ·你是否会参加比赛 ·你做出该决定的具体理由 2009年 某海外学校举办英语夏令营，开设了如下课程：园艺（gardening），烹饪（cooking）,防身术（self- defence），护理（nursing）。假如你是王跃华（不可以用自己的真实姓名），写一封申请信，报名参加其中一门课程的学习。信的内容必须包括： 1、你感兴趣的课程 2、你期望从这门课程中学到什么 3、为什么想学这些内容 2010年 下图是小学新生的课堂一脚，对照你当时的上课情况，作出比较并谈谈你的感受。你的作文必须包括： ●描述图片里学生上课的场景 ●比较你同时期的上课情况 ●简单谈谈你的感受 2011年 假如你是启明中学（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。