Book 3 Unit 4 综合训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·大连模拟) Emilia Dobek traces her interest in space and the universe back to third grade when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食) — on the roof of their house.
Now a seventh grader at East Prairie Elementary School, Dobek recently won the national Discovery Education Lockheed Martin Beyond Challenge by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
She says that night watching the lunar eclipse started a strong desire in her that has yet to run out of fuel. So when her teacher Andrea Smeeton received information about the national challenge, Smeeton said she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her search，”Smeeton said. “She immediately started researching bone density (密度) of astronauts and how to have food on Mars.”
“My design will ensure the safety of the astronauts but also make sure their comfort is out of this world，” Dobek says.
Dobek’s design calls for building the MSS or Mars Storage Station to put the supplies in. It also includes the SGF or Self-Growing Farm, and she details how it would work with the elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. A simulator (模拟装置) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms have circular ceilings so astronauts will be able to watch downloaded shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
“I want to tell other kids to follow their passions，”Dobek said. “Whatever they want to do, they should push for it and always try their best.”
语篇解读：本文主要介绍了七年级学生Emilia Dobek设计太空站，并赢得挑战的相关内容。1．Dobek first became interested in space when ________.
A．she was still a seventh grader
B．she studied at a junior high school
C．she lived on the top of their house
D．she watched an eclipse of the moon
解析：选D细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，Dobek对太空感兴趣是从她在三年级时的一个晚上观看一次月食开始的。
2．Smeeton recommended that Dobek take the challenge because ________.
A．she knew Dobek liked challenges in life
B．she had no other students interested in Mars
C．Dobek knew how to research bone density of astronauts
D．she was sure that Dobek would have outstanding performance
解析：选D推理判断题。根据第四段Smeeton的话可推知，她对Dobek很了解，对其可以接受这项挑战并出色完成充满信心。
3．What does Dobek focus on when designing the space station?
A．The environment on Mars.
B．The safety of the supplies.
C．The activities for astronauts.
D．The comfort of the astronauts.
解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的“make sure their comfort is out of this world”并结合对倒数第二段的整体理解可推知，Dobek的设计包含身体运动和休闲活动，也让宇航员在太空中感到舒适。
B
(2020·合肥质检)We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain. But communicating with a submarine (潜艇) or a diver is not so easy. The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne (空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists. The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water. Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off the surface of water rather than reaching the air.
Now, researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication. “What we’ve shown is that it’s actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air，” says Fadel Adib, a professor at MIT’s Media Lab, who led the research.
The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface, making vibrations (震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data. A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations. The researchers call the system TARF. It has any number of potential real-world uses, Adib says. It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a plane’s black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.
Right now the technology is low-resolution. The initial study was conducted in the MIT swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet. The next steps for the researchers are
to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditions — high waves, storms, schools of fish. They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other direction —air to water. If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions, expect “texting while diving” to be the latest underwater fashion.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项麻省理工学院的科学家发明的从水下与地面上的人进行通信的技术。
4．What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?
A．The future of video chat underwater and in air.
B．The frustrations of developing underwater devices.
C．The difficulty of communication from water to air.
D．The current situation of communicating with a submarine.
解析：选C段落大意题。通读第一段的内容可知，该段主要讲的是从水下与地面上的人进行通信非常困难，因此C项正确。
5．What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?
A．Achievable.B．Convenient.
C．Changeable. D．Alternative.
解析：选A词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Now, researchers at MIT have developed ...
underwater communication”可知，麻省理工学院的研究人员发明了一种可能改变水下通信的方法，使从水下与地面上的人进行沟通成为可能，故画线词与A项“可实现的”意思最相近，故选A。
6．What do we know about TARF?
A．It is widely used to find downed planes.
B．It can work well at great depths underwater.
C．It is an underwater machine that sends signals.
D．It can send, receive and read signals from underwater.
解析：选D推理判断题。第三段详细讲述了TARF系统的工作原理：该系统使用一个水下机器向水面发送声纳信号，使震动与数据的1和0对应，然后水面接收器读取并对这些微小的震动进行重新编码，这样可以从水下与地面上的人进行通信。因此D项正确。7．What is the best title for the text?
A．The Real-world Uses of Sonar Technology
B．Full Water-to-air Communication Closer to Reality
C．A Breakthrough in the Application of Video Chat
D．TARF Becoming a New Means of Communication
解析：选B标题归纳题。阅读全文可知，本文主要介绍了科学家发明的一种解决从水下与地面上的人无法进行通信联系这个难题的系统，研究人员将会把它投入到真实的状况下进行验证，因此B项最适合作本文标题。
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Little Etiquette (礼仪) Rules for Flying on an Airplane Being a polite passenger starts with just a few easy steps.
Help your fellow traveler
__1__，offer to lift a fellow passenger’s up there, too. Not only is it kind, but it could make the boarding process more efficient for everyone else.
Keep your personal things, well, personal
It’s important to be mindful of your personal belongings. __2__，as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body. And once you sit down, you should stay there, and make sure you have everything you will need for the flight once you settle in your seat. Reaching over other passengers to access the overhead storage during the flight is uncomfortable for everyone.
__3__
In the narrow space of an airplane, maintaining your personal space will go a long way towards making a smoother ride for everyone. Let the middle-seat passenger use the armrests (it’s the least you can do), and keep your legs within the width of the chair frame.
Be willing to swap seats with a family
Airlines sometimes reserve certain seats for special passengers or charge extra fees for adjacent (毗连的) ones, making it tough for family members to buy seats together. __4__，offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other; it’s a kind gesture that they won’t forget. __5__，as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways.
A．If you’re traveling alone
B．If they avoid eye contact
C．Avoid bringing smelly food
D．Respect your (limited) space
E．Avoid hitting other passengers with your bag
F．While you’re loading your carry-on bag into the overhead space
G．But be sure to delay swapping until the plane has reached the safe altitude
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在飞机上做一个文明乘客的几个简单的方法。1．选F根据空后面的“offer to lift a fellow passenger’s up there, too”中的there, too可知，当你把随身行李放进头顶上方的行李架时，你也可以主动提出帮同行的乘客把行李放上去。故选F项。
2．选E根据小标题Keep your personal things, well, personal和空后的“as you walk down the aisles (过道), by keeping it in front of you and close to your body”可知，当你在过道上走的时候，把它放在你前面，靠近你的身体，此处it指的是E项中的“your bag”。E项“避免你的包碰到其他乘客”符合语境。
3．选D根据本段的内容，尤其是“In the narrow space of an airplane”可知，本段主要讲在空间有限时你可以怎么做。故D项适合作此处的小标题。
4．选A根据空处前一句再结合空后的“offer to switch seats so that a family can sit beside each other”可知，空处应是描述你能够跟别人调换座位的前提，故A项“如果你是独自一人旅行”符合语境。
5．选G根据小标题Be willing to swap seats with a family中的swap和空后的“as switching seats while everyone is boarding can be an inconvenience for those standing in the walkways”
可知，此处指的是“但请务必直到飞机到达安全高度之后再交换座位”，故选G项。Ⅲ.短文改错
A Chinese spacecraft calling Chang’e-4 landed on the far side of the moon on January 3, 2019. It is the first time that a craft landed there successfully. The far side is the part of the moon faced away from Earth. China landed a craft on the near side in 2013. The landing on the far side, what was not easy, shows China’s technology is powerfully. China first had to send a satellite into the space, which passes messages between Earth with Chang’e-4. However, the moon itself will block the information passage. Yutu-2, the craft’s rover (巡视器), is taking photo. Scientists hope the exploration will throw light in the development of our solar system.
答案：第一句：calling→called
第二句：landed前加has
第三句：faced→facing
第五句：what→which; powerfully→powerful
第六句：去掉the; with→and
第七句：However→Otherwise
第八句：photo→photos 第九句：in→on