判断题
T 1 As a phenomenon, intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years. However, as a discipline, its history is only about fifty years. 作为一种现象，跨文化传播已经存在了数千年。然而，
作为一门学科，它的历史只有大约五十年。
F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe. 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科
F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的实体 while communication is a dynamic process. 文化是一个静态
的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程
T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge ,what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的特定的 culture. 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识，人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文化中扮
演适当的行为
T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations (over-generalization),it still contributes to a person’s cultural cognition.认识、认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性，但仍有助于人的文化认知。
T 6 In intercultural communication, we should separate one’s individual character from cultural generalization. 在跨文化交际中，我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开。
T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes. The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill-feeling between individuals. 文化错误比语言错误更严重。语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达
自己的想法，而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解，甚至个人之间的不适感
F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture. 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化
T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas, their meaning and significance may not be the same. 虽然两国文化有着相同的想法，但它们的意义和意义可能不一样
F 10 One’s actions are totally independent of his or her culture. 个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化
II Comprehension Check
T 1、All cultures require and value politeness, but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly. 所有的文化都需要和价值的礼貌，但礼貌的方式可能会有所不同
T_2、Don’t take offence-getting the form of address ”wrong” is rarely intended to be offensive. 不
要拿“错误”的形式来攻击，这是很难得的进攻
T_3、Addressing forms like “Miss Mary”, ”Brown” by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise. 解决形式如“玛丽小姐”，“棕色”由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式。
T_4.Ranks in the armed forces like Captain, Colonel can be used as titles. 上校，上校，上校，可以用
作头衔
F_5.Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P.L.A. Uncle means. 西方人能够理解警察叔叔和解
放军叔叔的手段。
F6.We can address Jason Douglas, who is a lawyer, as Lawyer Douglas. 我们可以解决杰森道格拉斯，他是
个律师，律师道格拉斯。
F_7.Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated. 中国人对西方人的热情好
客是非常赞赏的。
F_8.The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners. 西方人对中国人的关
注往往受到西方人的赞赏。
F_9.”Thank you for coming!” is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived. 你的到来！“当客人刚到的时候，这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式。
T_10.”I’m sorry to have wast ed your time” or “I’m sorry to have taken up so much of your time”
are usually appropriate for the business visit. 我很抱歉浪费了你的时间”或者“我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间”，通常都是适合商务拜访的。
III Comprehension Check
T 1.sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments. 有时，中国人表现出谦虚的方式可以被视为对赞美的赞美
T2.The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same. 汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同。
T 3.In informal situations, a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable. 在非正式场合，大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的
F 4.The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures. 文化的假设是文化的相同的。
T 5.Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English, while adjectives, adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese. 形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话，而形容词、副词和动词常被用在汉语里。
F 6. English compliments often begin with the word “you” while Chinese compliments often start with the word “I”. 英语的赞美常以“你”一词开头，而中国人的赞美常以“我”一词开头
F 7. Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans. 在日常生活中，中国人比美国人更为赞美。
F8. Americans tends to be self-effacing in their compliments responses. 美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应。
F 9. Compliments on other’s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture. 对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式
T 10. If a guest compliment s something in another person’s home, the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest. 如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话，中国主人或女主人很可能会把这件事告诉客人。
IV Comprehension Check
F 1Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication. 言语交际比非语言交际更为重要F 2 “Dragon” means the same to the Westerner as “龙” to the Chinese. “龙”是指同为西方人的“龙”到中国。
F 3The Chinese phrase “知识分子” has the same meaning as “intellectual”. 中国“知识分子”具有相
同的含义是“知识
T 4A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language. 在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词
F 5 In referring to animals and birds, the Chinese practice is generally, but not always ,to use “公”or “母” to show whether a creature is male or female. This is the same with the English language. 在谈到动物和鸟类，中国的做法是通常，但不总是，用“公”或“母”来表明该生物是否是男性或女性。这与英语是一样的。
T 6 The following six English word: “vice”, “associate”, “assistant”, “deputy”, “lieutenant”and “under” can all mean “副” in Chinese language. 以下六个英文单词：“副”、“联想”、“助理”、“副”、“中尉”和“下”都是“副”在汉语中
F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs. 有许多相似之处，英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同。
T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo, 违反文化禁忌的是严重违背了言语禁忌
T 9 Patterns of thought varies with culture. 思维方式随文化而变化。
T10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture, e.g. American culture is predominantly factual-inductive, Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic-deductive, and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive-affective.
在每一个特定的思维模式主导文化的T10，例如美国文化主要是事实的归纳，俄罗斯文化主要是公理化演绎，和阿拉伯文化以直观的情感。
V Comprehension Check
T1 Speaking is just one mode of communication. There are many others. 说只是一种交流方式。还有许多人F2 Some researchers assert that in face-to-face communication, about 70%of information is communicated through speaking, and over 30% sis sent by nonverbal means. 一些研究者断言，在面对面的交流中，约有70%的信息是通过说话，而超过30%则是通过非语言方式发送的
T3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers. 环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一
T4 Much of our nonverbal behavior, like culture, tends to elusive, spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness. 我们大部分的非语言行为，如文化，往往难以实现，自发的，往往超越我们的认识
F 5 Latin American, African, Arab and most Asian cultures are M-Time cultures. 拉丁美洲，非洲，阿拉
伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化。
T6 Arab belongs to tough cultures. 阿拉伯属于艰难的文化
T7 In some cultures, eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience. 在一些文化中，为了表示尊重或服从，应该避免使用目光接触
T8 the appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures. 身体接触的适宜性因不同的
文化而不同
F9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children. 西方妇女通常喜欢中国
人接触他们的身体或小孩。
F10 Seating arrangements reflect culture. Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. 座位安排体现文化。中国人倾向于和他们说话，而不是坐在他
们旁边的人
VI Comprehension Check
F1.Gender is the cultural meaning of “sex”. 性别是“性”的文化涵
F2.Sex and gender are synonymous.同义的性别和性别是同义词
T3.A lady might be feminine, masculine or a combination of both. 一位女士可能是女性，男性或两者的结
合
T4.Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others, while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure. 女性一般舒适与建筑密切关系和信任别人，而大多数人
都保留对参与和披露。
F5.Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people. 大多数人用沟通来建立
联系或平等的人
F6.Women usually use communication to establish status and power. 女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力
T7.In feminine culture, communication is a way—probably the primary way—to express and expand closeness. 在女性文化中，传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径。
T8.Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness. 男性社会化强调做事情，把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式。
T9.The first and last principal for effective cross-gender communication is suspending judgment. 有
效的跨性别传播的第一个和最后一个主要是中止判断。
T10.It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication. 这是困难的，但可能寻求翻译线索，将有利于我们的沟通。
T1.The most common problems in cross-cultural negotiations concern (1) rules for conducting business, (2) the selection of negotiators, and (3) methods of decision-making. 最常见的问题，在跨文化谈判的关注（1）的规则，进行业务，（2）的选择，谈判，和（3）决策方法。
T2.The Japanese believe that socializing is integral to the negotiation process while the Americans do not think so. 日本人认为，社交是谈判过程中不可或缺的一部分，而美国人却不这么认为
F3.American negotiation team members are usually selected on the basis of their social and professional status. 美国谈判团队成员通常在他们的社会和职业地位的基础上
F4.Like Japanese and Chinese negotiators, a detailed written agreement is not central to the negotiation process in the Middle East, Mexico and France. 与日本和中国的谈判人员一样，在中东、墨西哥和法国的谈判进程中，有一个详细的书面协议是不一样的。
T5.The British employ a negotiating style similar to that of Americans, but more silence is utilized and they are less egalitarian. 英国人采用了类似于美国人的谈判风格，但更多的是利用沉默，他们也不太平等。
T6.Germans prefer clear, firm, and assertire expression while the Japanese encourage convert, fragmented expression. 德国人喜欢明确的，坚定的，和assertire表达而日本鼓励转换、碎片化的表达
T7.Mexican negotiators prefer the deductive approach. More emphasis is placed on contemplation and intuition. 墨西哥谈判者更喜欢演绎的方法。更强调的是沉思和直觉。
F8.The Brazilians do not openly disagree during formal negotiations; they would consider this insulting and embarrassing. 在正式谈判中，巴西人不会公开地不同意，他们会考虑这种侮辱和尴尬。
T9.Creating a comfortable climate and spending time on the exploratory phase of negotiations are crucial in Middle East and Brazil. 创造一个舒适的气候和花费时间在谈判的探索阶段是至关重要的中东和巴西。
F10.Women are frequent participants on a Japanese negotiation team. 女性经常参加一个日本谈判小组。名词解释
1 economic globalization(经济全球化）：the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.
2 barter system(物物交换）：exchange without money
–Farming communities traded their surplus produce in exchange for products and services without the medium of money.
–Human society has always traded goods across great distances.
3 global village(地球村）：the world form one community
–All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.
4 melting pot(大熔炉）：a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities.
5 culture(文化）：can been seen as shared knowledge, what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given culture.
6 cultural diversity(文化融合）：refers to the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong.
7. Communication(交际）: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
8 intercultural communication(跨文化交际）：communication between people whose cultural backgrounds and distinct(不同） enough to alter（改变） their communicaion。
1 Pragmatics（语用学）: the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.
2 Semantics（语义学）：a system that associates words to meaning. It is the study of the meaning of words.
3 Denotation（引申含义）：the literal meaning or definition of a word --- the explicit, particular, defined meaning.
1 Chronemics（时间学）：The study of how people perceive and use time.
(1) Polychromic Time: paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.
(2)Polychronic Time（多元时间观念）: being involved with many things at once.
2 Proxemics（空间学）：Refers to the perception and use of space.
3 Kinetics（身势学）:the study of body language.身势学
4 Paralanguage(副语言)：Involving sounds but not word and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication .
1 A planetary culture（行星文化）: integrates Eastern mysticism with Western science and rationalism(理性主义）.
2 Intercultural person（跨文化的人）: represents someone whose cognitive(认知的）, affective, and behavioral(行为的）characteristics are open to growth beyond the psychological parameters(心理界限）of his or her own culture.
High-context cultures（含蓄的文化） assign meaning to many of the stimuli surrounding an explicit message. In high-context cultures, verbal messages have little meaning without the surrounding context, which includes the overall relationship between all the people engaged in communication.
Low-context cultures （外向型的文化）exclude many of those stimuli and focus more intensely on the objective communication event, whether it be a word, a sentence, or a physical gesture. In low-context cultures, the message itself means everything.
"I"culture(个体主义）：1.Freedom to control their won destiny 2.Self-reliance to stand on their own feet
3.Privacy to mind their own business
4.Family ties tend to be relatively unimportant
"We"culture(集体主义）：1.Harmony to strive for the common good https://www.doczj.com/doc/e710716260.html,petition is not encouraged 3.Limit rights to property 4.Filial piety(孝顺） 5.Inter-dependant
Power distance(权利差距）：describes the distribution(分布） of influence within the culture, the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. Cultures are classified on a continuum(延续体）of high to low distance, that is hierarchy(等级主义） v.s. egalitarian（平等主义）.
Masculine cultures(刚性文化）:These cultures place high values on maculine traits and stress assertiveness, competition and material success.
Feminine cultures(柔性文化）：These cultures place high values on feminne traits and stress quality of life, interpersonal relationships and concern for the weak.
1. Enculturation(文化习得): all the activities of learning one’s culture are called enculturation
9. Acculturation(文化适应): the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures.
10. Ethnocentric(文化中心主义): the belief that your own cultural background is superior.
11. Communication: mean to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge.
12. Source交际邀请
The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to communicate.
13.Encoding编码Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol representing the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.
1. Message编码信息The term message identifies the encoded thought. Encoding is the process, the verb;
the message is the resulting object.
2. Channel交际渠道The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted. The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sound waves of the face-to-face communication.
3. Noise干扰The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
4. Receiver交际接受The receiver is the person who attends to the message.
1. Decoding解码Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process. The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received.
2. Receiver response接受反应The receiver is the person who attends to the message. Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message.
3. Feedback反馈Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
1. Context场景The final component of communication is context. Generally, context can be defined as the environment in which the communication takes place and which helps define the communication. 16. Connotation（涵）：the suggestive meaning of a word --- all the values, judgment, and beliefs implied by a word the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken significance behind the literal meaning.
17. Taboo禁忌语：refers to some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.
18. Euphemism委婉语：Means the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive.
Strike while the iron is hot 趁热打铁 More haste, less speed. 欲速不达
To pass fish eyes for pearls 鱼目混珠
as stubborn as a mule 犟得像头牛
dumb bell 笨蛋 to fish in the air 水底捞月
to drink like a fish 牛饮 as dry as sawdust 味同嚼蜡
to be at the end of one’s rope 山穷水尽
landscape engineer 园林工人 tonsorial artist 理发师
sanitation engineer 清洁工 shoe rebuilder 补鞋匠
soft in the head 发疯的 reckless disregard for truth 撒谎
to take things without permission 偷窃
industrial climate 劳资关系紧
justice has long arms 天网恢恢，疏而不漏 fat office 肥缺
diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手 golden saying 金玉良言
You will cross the bridge when you get to it船到桥头自然直
better be the head of a dog than the tail of a lion 宁为鸡头，勿为牛后
tread upon eggs 如履薄冰
简答题
9 components of communication（交际的十大要素）
①source(来源）：the person who desires to
②encoding(编码）：the process of putting on idea into a symbol
③message(信息）：identifies the encoding thought
④channel(渠道）：the means of transmission(传播途径）
⑤noise(干扰）：anything distorts the messages
⑥receiver(接受者）：the person who attends to the message
⑦decoding(解码）：assigning meaning to the symbols received
⑧receiver response(接受者反应）：anything the receiver does
⑨feedback(反馈）：the portion which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning
⑩context(场景）：help define(使明确） the communication
1.Discuss the four trends that make our world more interdependent.
①convenient transportation systems(便捷的交通系统）②innovative communication systems(革新通信技术）
③economic globailzation(经济全球化）④widespread migrations(广泛的移民)
2.What are the three ingredients(组成) of culture?
①artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)
②behavior(what they do)③concepts(共有观点）(what they think)
3.How to understand cultural iceberg?
just as an iceberg, culture has some aspects that are observable and others that can only be suspected an imagined. Also like an iceberg, nine-tenth of culture is below the surface
4.What are the characteristic(特点） of culture?
①shared ②learned(enculuration 文化习得：learning one's culture)
③dynamic(动态的）（accultration文化适应：adopts the changes brought about by another culture)④ethnocentric(ethnocentrism文化中心主义：own cultural background is superior)
5.What are the characteristic of communication?
①dynamic(动态性）；②irreversible(不可逆转的）③symbolic(符号的）④systematic(系统性）⑤transactional （互动性）⑥contextual(语境)
1.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing?
①In Chinese the surname comes first and is followed by the given name；
in English this order is reversed.
②In China seniority(资历）is paid respects to.
Nowadays, many English-speaking people tend to address others by their given names, even when meeting for the first time.
(About addressing by relationship）Chinese often exten kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage.
Americans tend to use just the first name and leave out the term of relationship.
Chinese use a person's title、office、or profession to indicate(表明） the person's influential(有权势的）status .In English, only a few occupations or titles could be used，such as doctor, governor, mayor, professor, nurse and captain.(p24)
1. What are the different features of M-Time and P-time?
M-Time think time is perceived as a linear strucure.认为时间是线性的
P-Time is less rigid(刻板）and clock-bound,more flexible and more human-centered.
3. What are the different feature of m-time and p-time? P97
M: Do one thing at a time
Take time commitments seriously
Are committed to the job
Adhere religiously to plans
Emphasize promptness
Are accustomed to short-term relationships
P: Do many things at once
Consider time commitments an objective to be achieved, if possible
Are committed to people and human relationships
Change plans often and easily
Base promptness on the relationship
Have strong tendency to build lifetime relationships
M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segmentation, punctuality and promptness. It features one event at a time and time is perceived as a linear structure.
P-time is less rigid and clock-bound. It features several activities at the same time and time is perceived as more flexible and more human-centered.
2. What are the social functions of compliments?(赞美的社会功能是什么？)
Creating or reinforcing(加固） solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism（委婉批评）,starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment（窘迫）.
2. How is the Chinese writing style different the American writing style?
The Chinese employ a circular approach in writing. In this kind of indirect writing, the development of the paragraph may be said to be ‘turning and turning in a widening gyre’. The circles or gyres turn around the subject and show it from a variety of tangential views, but the subject is never looked at directly. A paragraph is set off by an indentation of its first sentences or by some other conventional devise, such as extra space between paragraphs.
In contrast, the Americans are direct and linear in writing. An English expository paragraph usually begins with a topic statement, and then, by a series of subdivisions of that topic statement, each supported by example and illustrations, proceeds, to develop that central idea and relate that idea to all other ideas in the whole essay, and to employ that idea in proper relationship with the other ideas, to prove something, or perhaps to argue something.
4. What different worldview can be drive from Buddhism（佛教） and Christianity（基督教）? Buddhists do not believe in a god or gods who created the world. However, they do believe that there is a supreme and wonderful truth that words cannot teach, and ritual cannot attain.
Buddhists are not favorably disposed to the notion of free enterprise and the pursuit of material well-being. Seen from a western worldview, having no desires adversely affects motives for personal enrichment and growth generally. Thus, little support is accorded to free enterprise.
Christianity recognizes the importance of work and free ownership of property. Protestant, in particular, sees the salvation of the individual through hard work and piety.
5. What is the American cultural value like in terms of value orientation?（美国文化价值取向）As far as the human nature is concerned, the American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work.
As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer the nature.
They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented.
They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem.They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the benefits of the group.
4.Discuss the contents of …
1)Chronemics:The study of how people perceive and use time.时间学(1)Monochronic Time:paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time.(2)Polychronic Time:being involved with many things at once.
2)Proxemics:the perception and use of space.空间学
3)Kinetics:the study of body language.身势学
4)Paralanguage:involving sounds but not words and lying between verbal and nonverbal communication.
6.Discover the meaning of some common gestures in English
①good luck②feel surprised③I don't know④Pardon! Can't hear⑤That's enough, Please over⑥thamb-dowm ⑦Sth strange/odd⑧Come here⑨in the U.S., meaning "OK"⑩in Italy, meaning "Hero". in U.S., "goodbye"⑾Oh, I forgot⑿Slow down/Relax/Wait a second.
8..What has influenced the gender socialization?（什么会影响性别社会化）
There are two primary influences on gender socialization:family communication,particularly between mothers and children,and recreational interaction among children.
9. Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low contexgt culture.（讨论高、低语境）
Eastern culture favors verbal hesitance and ambiguity in order to avoid disturbing or offending others,the vurden of smooth communication effective is shared equally between all parties involved.
The Western communicative mode is primarily(直接） direct,explicit（明确）,and verbal,relying heavily on logical and rational perception(感知）,thinking，andarticulation.So the task of communicating effectively lies primarily on the speaker.
10.How is gender different from sex?
Sex:biological, permanent, with an individual property
Gender:socially-constructed, varied over time and across cultures, with a social and relational quality 11.Six principles for Effective Cross-gender Comunication(六条有效的跨性别交际原则)
1)Suspend judgement 2)Recognize the validity of different communication styles 3)Provide translation cues 4)Seek translation cues 5)Enlarge your own communication style 6)Suspend judgement
第一章跨文化语言交际概述 第一节文化、语言和交际 一、关于文化的概念 （一）文化的内涵和特性 1、关于文化的内涵 概括地讲，文化即是人们所思、所言（言语和非言语）、所为、所觉的总和。在不同的生态或自然环境下，不同的民族创造了自己特有的文化，也被自己的文化所塑造。交际即文化，文化即交际，如果没有交际，文化是难以形成的。科学的提法是：“文化是冻结了的人际交流，而交际是流动着的文化。” 2、关于文化的特性 （1）文化由人们的内稳和外显的行为组成。 （2）文化是通过符号被人们习得和传授的知识。 （3）文化是群体行为规则的集合。 （4）文化与社会是潜在现实中两种类型或两个层面上的概念。 （5）文化是历史所衍生及选择的传统观念。 （6）文化和交际具有同一性。 （7）文化是动态多变的。 （8）文化具有选择性。 （9）文化是群体或民族中心主义的意识产物。 （10）文化是个非常复杂的系统。 （二）文化定势、群体文化、亚文化 1、文化定势和群体文化 世界上大多数社会中都可能存在着若干群体或社团，这些群体或社团对地域、历史、生活方式、世界观，以及价值观等方面的共享，使其成员形成并发展和强化了自己独特的文化和与其相关的交际文化。存在两种不同类型的文化范畴：一是全民族的文化，即整体的文化形象，二是具体的个性文化，即是按个人的社会情况或个人所属文化群体为基础的文化，有的学者把这种文化称之为群体文化或副文化。 2、亚文化与亚群体 在跨文化交际研究中，对文化分类的一种较为传统的做法是把文化分成主流文化和亚文化。亚文化是指存在于某一主流文化之中的一种非主流文化，某一少数群体的文化，这一文化中的行为模式区别于主流文化的行为模式。 二、关于语言的概念 （一）语言是交际工具 1、交际媒介 言语交际是人类社会中必需的另一种交换活动，交换的是信息、思想、情感。语言就是一个符号系统，一个人脑子里贮存了符号和符号的组合规则，他就可以和别人交际，传情达意，沟通信息。 2、符号功能 符号是用某种能感知的形式来代表某种事物或现象的结合体。符号由两个要素构成：一个是形式，必须是人们可感知的途径，如听觉、视觉、嗅觉、触觉等等；另一个是意义，即这个形式所代表的事物或现象。形式和意义结合，就成了“符号”。人类语言是一种有声语言，用声音形式来表示意义，通过听觉途径来感知和理解话语。 （二）语言是思维工具 “思维”和“思想”不完全相同：思维是人们认识现实世界的过程；而思想是人们对现实世
《跨文化交际》试题（附答案） Paper 1 Communication Analysis ? The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding.? ? Question 1 Case 1: Chen Bing, a Chinese tour guide, is talking to a Canadian tourist, Luke Baines, who has no knowledge of Chinese at all. They are having dinner in a restaurant. Chen: This is Beijing duck, one of China's most famous dishes. You'll love it! Luke: No, thanks. I don't like duck. I prefer chicken.? ? Question 2 Case 2: Feng Li and Tom have been working on a scientific experiment at a British university for some months. It has not been totally successful. They are discussing the situation in the laboratory. Feng Li: I don't know where it went wrong! Tom, Don't feel so bad. Cheer up, you've done your job. Feng Li: But our experiment has turned out to be a failure. Tom: Relax for a couple of days. I'll face the music. Feng Li: Tom, we are not playing children's games here. This is a scientific experiment. Tom, I've never taken the experiment as child’ s play, and I'm playing the game. Feng Li: You say you're playing the game! It's a rather important experiment! Feng Li walks out of the Laboratory angrily. Tom is puzzled.? ? Question 3 Case 3: This is a more complex situation where there are several things that require more informed cultural analysis. Find the cultural problems and explain the cultural differences. Jim and Li Zhen were students together at Leeds University in Britain. A year later, after graduating, Jim went to Shanghai as a visiting scholar on a year’s exchange.
跨文化交际习题
跨文化交际习题 1. 单选题：（1.0分） 在日本，喝汤时发出很大吮吸的声音会被认为是______。 A. 粗鲁而讨厌的 B. 你喜欢这种汤的表现 C. 在家里不要紧，在公共场合则不妥 D. 只有外国人才这么做 解答： B 参考答案： B 2. 单选题：（1.0分）
在日本，自动售货机里出售除下列哪一种饮料以外的所有其他饮料？ A. 啤酒 B. 加糖精的保健饮料 C. 加糖的咖啡 D. 美国公司生产的软饮料 解答： B 参考答案： B 3. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，管理者______。 A. 一般会雇佣自己家族的成员 B. 认为雇佣中级家族成员是不合适的 C. 强调雇佣少数特殊群体员工的重要性
D. 通常雇佣比实际工作所需更多的员工 解答： A 参考答案： A 4. 单选题：（1.0分） 在拉丁美洲，人们______。 A. 认为交谈时和对方进行眼神交流是不礼貌的 B. 总是等到对方说完才开始说话 C. 身体接触次数比相似情况下北美商人多 D. 避免身体接触，因为这被认为是对个人隐私的侵犯解答： C 参考答案： C
5. 单选题：（1.0分） 马来西亚的主要宗教是______。 A. 佛教 B. 犹太教 C. 基督教 D. 伊斯兰教 解答： D 参考答案： D 6. 单选题：（1.0分） 在泰国______。 A. 男性之间挽手同行很常见
B. 男女之间在公共场合挽手很常见 C. 男女同行是很粗鲁的举止 D. 传统上男性和女性在街上遇见会互相亲吻解答： A 参考答案： A 7. 单选题：（1.0分） 在印度，进食时恰当的举止是______。 A. 用右手取食物，用左手吃 B. 用左手取食物，用右手吃 C. 取食物和吃都只用左手 D. 取食物和吃都只用右手 解答： D 参考答案： D
《跨文化交际》课程教学大纲 课程编号：ENGL2046 课程类别：专业选修课程 授课对象：英语专业、俄英双语、法英双语学生 开课学期：英语第6学期、双语第8学期 学分：2 学分 主讲教师： 指定教材：《跨文化交流入门》，浙江大学出版社，许力生主编，2004年。《文化与交际》，暨南大学出版社，胡穗鄂编。 教学目的： 目前我国经济快速增长，文化交流、旅游业蓬勃发展。江、浙、沪地区外国独资、合资企业数量增多，与国际人员的经济文化交往日益增多。跨文化交际现象已经成为苏州本地文化的一个重要方面。但是，在众多的跨文化交际中，一些人员出现文化误解，或者表现出不自信，降低了交际的效益，直接的后果往往导致经济效益的降低。苏州大学作为本地的人才高地，有责任、有条件在教学中培养学生的跨文化交际能力。我们的毕业生主要从事文化、教育、经济活动，我们的课程也应适应这社会需要，帮助学生通过知识的获取、情感的开放和技能的培养形成以自我文化又和他国文化保持一定距离的跨文化意识，也就是说一种能以局外者的眼光看待自己文化的能力；局内者的眼光理解自己和他人的文化意识；培养学生在交际中对他国文化和本土文化怀有好奇、开放和宽容的态度。从而在国际交往中提高交际的效益，提升个人的自信心。 本课程采用课堂教学、学期作业和网络平台相结合的教学形式。课堂教学采用多种教学法综合进行教学。课堂语言为英语。采用理论与实践活动相结合的方式，与学生互动探讨理论。参插角色扮演、小组讨论、全班讨论的活动方式，进行情景模拟实验、引导学生发表观点。另外有录音、录像供学生观摩讨论。学期作业的形式是一篇千字以上的论文，内容是运用学到的某些跨文化交际的理论概念对现实生活案例、本土文化和外国文化进行阐释、分析、比较和反思。学生必须自己选题、规划。文章材料包括文字、图片、音频和视频，教师的工作是建议、修改、监督和评估，创造机会，帮助学生完成学期论文。 该课程有两个网站：一个是在外国语学院服务器上的课程资源网站，网站上有该课程的教学大纲、进度表、备课教案，另设有通知板、网上跨文化交际咖啡俱乐部、学习工具等帮助学生完成科目的服务性网站。另一个网站是新浪博客上的学期作业网站。所有学生的学期作业从开题、大纲创建开始，就直接与课程教师、同班同学见面。所以，学生论文的完成过程，也是教师不断地修改、同学建议、学生本人反馈、修正的过程，直至最后作业完成。 此外，该课程联系了国外大学跨文化交际专业的师生，进行网络实时联合授课，每学期四次，让师生们有真实的跨文化交际体验。 此教学设计的目的是提高发挥教师的主动创造性，提高学生的学习动机、发展他们的自主学习能力，培养具有开阔视野的具有跨文化交际意识的外语专业人才。 考试方式： 学期论文（7０％）（课本内容）＋平时成绩（3０％）（上课讨论发言、出勤率、网上参与率） 第一课Communication in Global Village 课时：第一周，共2课时 教学内容Introduction to Communication
第一讲跨文化交际 1. 在你的日常活动中哪些是比较典型的跨文化交际？ 答：（1）具有不同文化背景的人从事交际的过程就是跨文化交际。 （2）日常活动中比较典型的跨文化交际有： ①中外领导人谈判、进出口公司的工作人员与外国商人谈生意； ②和外国旅游者、外国留学生、外国教师交往； ③阅读外国小说、观看外国电影、电视节目。 2. 你认为强调个人之间的文化差异有什么利弊？ 答：强调个人之间的文化差异有如下利弊： （1）利：每个人都隶属于若干群体，而且没有哪两个人隶属的群体是完全相同的。即使在同一群体中，每个人的态度、价值和信念也不会完全一样。因此，每个人都应该被认为是独特的。强调个人的差异，就是在从地区、职业、年龄、性别等方面来研究不同文化对个体的影响，这有助于跨文化交际深入开展。 （2）弊：过于强调个人之间的文化差异也有一定的弊端。个体只是一种或多种文化的具体情况。根据传统的观念，文化通常不是指个人行为，而是指一个群体的生活方式和习惯，个人之间的差异研究只有在把他们当作群体代表时才有意义。过于强调个人文化之间的差异会使跨文化交际变得非常繁琐，实际上取消了跨文化研究的意义。 3. 我国的地区文化差异是否可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面？ 答：我国的地区文化差异可以作为跨文化交际研究的重要方面。 （1）跨文化交际研究的重要性排序如下：主流文化—亚文化—地区文化—小群体文化。 （2）地区文化的差异是跨文化交际研究的重要课题之一。我国幅员辽阔、地域广袤，地势高低起伏，地形复杂多变，由于空间分布差异，各地区形成了具有各自地方特斯的区域文化。 （3）同时，我国是一个多民族国家，每个民族都有自己的民族文化传统，这些也构成了地区文化的一部分。这些地区文化从总体上看，特点显著，区别性强，差异性大，值得进行跨文化研究。
考试需知：考试前每一列学生把课本放在第一排。考试时间为2．5个小时，试卷1为闭卷考试，前面40分钟用于完成试卷1。待老师收上试卷1后，发下课本，学生做试卷2，试卷2 为开卷考试。可携带纸质词典进考场，不许携带电子词典及手机进考场。 Test Paper 1 Ⅰ. Filling the blanks: 1.Generally speaking, in terms of contextuality, the communication in the West is low-contextual while that in the East is high-contextual 2.Generally speaking, in terms of world views, the West adopts Dualistic view, while the East adopt s holistic view 3.Generally speaking, in terms of thought patterns, the West follows Analytic and abstract thinking, while the East follows synthetic and concrete thinking 4.Generally speaking, in terms of discourse patterns, the West uses Deductive pattern, while the East uses inductive pattern 5In the Axial Age, the great thinkers in China are Confucius, Lao Tze, Mo Tze, and the great thinker in India is Siddhartha
1 Translation 纵观历史，我们可以清楚地看到，人们由于彼此所处地域、意识形态、容貌服饰和行为举止上存在的差异，而长久无法互相理解、无法和睦相处。在这种情况下，跨文化交际作为一个特定的研究领域得以形成和发展。值得注意的是，人类文明在发展过程中所遭受的许多挫折，既是个人的，又是全球性的；人类历史进程总是充满了个人间的直接冲突和民族间的误解——从骂骂咧咧到孤立主义直至到武装冲突，大大小小争端不绝。 很显然，文化间以及亚文化间的交往比以前多了，这迫切要求我们共同努力，去理解有着不同信仰和文化背景的人们，并与之和睦相处。通过加深认识和理解，我们能够与生活方式、价值观念不同的人们和平共处；这不但有益于我们周遭环境的安定，也是维护世界和平的决定性因素。 2 Translation 文化有时候被称为我们的心智程序，我们“头脑的软件”。但是，我们可以进一步引申这个用电脑所做的类比，把文化看作是支持运行的操作环境。文化就像电脑使用的DOS或者Unix或者“视窗”（Windows）等操作系统一样，使我们能在各种各样的实际应用中处理信息。用“视窗”这个比喻来描述文化似乎也很有吸引力。文化就是我们心灵的视窗，透过它我们审视生活的方方面面。一个社会中不同个体的视窗是不大一样的，但都有着一些重要的共同特征。 文化就好像是鱼畅游于其中的水一般，人们想当然地把文化看成是客观存在的事实，因而很少去研究它。文化存在于我们所呼吸的空气之中，文化对于我们了解我们自身之为何物是必不可少的，就正如生命离不开空气一样。文化是特定群体的共有财产，而不单是个体的特征。社会按照文化设定的程序运作，这种程序来自于相似的生活体验以及对这种生活体验之含义的相似阐释。 如果文化是一种心智程序，那么它也是现实的心灵地图。从我们很小的时候开始，文化就告诉我们应该看重什么、偏好什么、规避什么和做些什么，文化还告诉我们事物应该是什么样。文化为我们提供超越个体经验可能的理想典范，帮助我们决定应该优先考虑的人或事。文化为我们建立起行为准则，并视遵守这些准则的行为为正当、合法。 3 Translation 43
跨文化交际复习题： 1、跨文化交流障碍产生的原因有哪些？ 2、试用霍夫斯泰德的文化价值理论来分析中美课堂的主要差异及原因。 3、试分析电视剧《小爸爸》第32集中（法庭审理）体现出的主要中美文化 差异。 4、试简要叙述文化的“洋葱论”和“冰山论”。 5、请简要阐述跨文化敏感度发展模式的6个阶段。 6、非言语交流方式有哪一些？列举几个国家非言语交流方式含义的差异。 7、国际礼仪的基本原则有哪些？ 8、国际惯例、本国礼俗与入乡随俗之间的关系如何处理？请举例说明。 9、什么是着装的ＴＰＯ原则？ 10、简述男士西装与女士套裙的着装规范。 11、见面介绍与行握手礼应遵从什么顺序？ 12、名片的使用有哪些注意事项？ 13、西餐的餐桌礼仪包含哪几个方面？试简述每一方面的主要规范。 案例分析题： 一、请运用非语言沟通的知识来分析以下案例。 【案例1】 Mark因为工作的原因从丹麦搬到悉尼做销售人员。三周后，他被邀请加入一个当地的俱乐部。最初的几周里，他总是要么坐在沙发里听别人聊天，要么站在角落里与人交谈，慢慢地他熟悉了俱乐部里的所有人。一天，在一个晚间聚会上，一位俱乐部女性成员走近他，他们开始很有兴致地谈论晚会的气氛。刚开始，
谈话的气氛很好，可是慢慢地Mark发现，这位女士正在慢慢地后退。她看上去明显很不安。正当Mark想跟她谈论一下澳洲人的风俗时，一位不远处的男士看了那位女士一眼，她如释重负地走过去开始和那位男士聊起来，留下Mark一个人疑惑地站在那里。
二、请用单一制时间观和多元制时间观来分析以下案例： 【案例2】 德国外教Nowak经常去一中国菜摊买菜，因为她的摊子品种多、态度好。这天他挑好了一颗西兰花，正犹豫再买点什么，听到摊主又在招呼其他顾客，他等了一会儿。只见摊主手脚麻利地给其他两个刚来的顾客过称、装袋、收钱。好容易轮到他，摊主一边为他称菜，一边又在试图招呼其他人。Nowak不高兴地说：“我是先来的，你应该先服务好我。”摊主笑着回答：“我看你半天没吱声，以为你还想挑点什么呢。我这不来了吗？！”Nowak回家的路上，一直觉得自己在这里是“老外”，太容易被人欺负了。 三、请用个体主义和集体主义价值观来分析以下案例： 【案例3】 飞利浦照明公司某区人力资源副总裁（美国人）与一位被认为具有发展潜力的中国员工交谈，想听听这位员工对自己今后五年的职业发展规划及期望达到的位置。中国员工并没有正面回答问题，而是开始谈论起公司未来的发展方向、公司的晋升体系，以及目前他本人在组织中的位置等，讲了半天也没有正面回答副总裁的问题。副总裁有些大惑不解，没等他说完已经有些不耐烦了，因为同样的事情之前已经发生了好几次，“我不过是想知道这为员工对于自己未来五年发展的打算，想要在飞利浦做到什么样的职位罢了，可为何就不能得到明确的回答呢”谈话结束后，副总忍不住向人力资源总监抱怨道，同时受到压力的员工也向总监诉苦，“这位老外怎么这么咄咄逼人？”作为人力资源总监，他明白双方之间不同的文化背景及由此引发的不同的沟通方式引起了隔阂，虽然极力向双方辩解，但要完全消除已经产生的问题却并不容易。 四、自行寻找案例，用中西思维方式的差异分析中西写作表达习惯的差异。
大学英语跨文化交际双语课程水平测试题（一） I. Multiple Choice(20 points, 2 points each) Directions: There are some statements in this section. For each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, choose the ONE that best complete the statement. 1.In the United States continues to welcome a large number of immigrants移民each year and has referred to as a melting-pot大熔炉society. This trend can reflect the theory of ___A__. A. macroculture B. microculture C. globalization D. modernization 2. A teenager dresses like and talks like a gang member but not a member of any gang. This case reflects the ___A____ characteristic of subgroup. A. deviant label B. temporality C. wanna-be behavior D. unexamined 3.When you talk with your friends about Picasso, Beethoven, you are talking about culture from ___B___ perspective. A. anthropological人类学 B. intellectual有才智的 C. social D. psychological心理 4.The dialogues at the United Nations, for example, would be termed __B_______. A. interracial communication B. interethnic communication C. international communication D. interpersonal communication 5.There is a Chinese belief that “One is good in nature with different characteristics but similar habits. However, if he is not well educated, his nature changes”. This belief can reflect that____C___. A. Human nature is evil but perfectible B. Human nature is a mixture of good and evil C. Human nature is good but corruptible容易 堕落的 D. None of the above 6.Mr. Wang, a Chinese immigrate in U.S, has adapted himself so well to American culture that he gradually lost his Chinese cultural identity. This process is called__C___. A. separation and segregation隔离 B. integration整合一体化 C. assimilation吸收同化 D. marginalization边缘化 7.Liming, a Chinese student, just began his study in a university in the United States. In his first week in U.S., he thought everything was new and exciting, and he enjoyed himself a lot. Liming is in__A___ stage of culture shock. A. honeymoon蜜月 B. crisis危机 C. reintegration再整合 D. gradual adjustment逐渐适应 8. ___C__ is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. A. Decoding B. Channel C. Encoding D. Source 9.___A__ refers to anything that distorts歪曲曲解the message the source encodes. A. Noise B. Message C. Source D. Context 10.___D__ refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
跨文化交际与翻译真题2015.6.5临床专业 一、案例分析(答题说明：每题10分，合计10.0分。) 1. Situation: Two Americans, Bill and Tony, are talking about Tony’s unhappy experience with his Chinese college. Bill: Hi, Tony. How’re you doing? Tony: Fine. Just got back from visiting the home of one of my Chinese colleagues. Bill: Oh, have a good time? Tony: Oh yes, very good. Mind you, I was bit hurt about the way they treated my present. You see, I know they like western music so I brought them back some of the latest tapes from the UK. Had them all wrapped up beautifully and gave them to them as soon as I got inside the door and what do you think happened? Bill: What? Tony: Nothing. Well, more or less, they said thank you but then just put them away in a corner. Didn’t even bother to unwrap them. I must say I felt a bit miffed after all the trouble I’d taken. 参考答案：答题点：Gift giving in the West 三、跨文化单选(答题说明：每题1分，合计15.0分。) C22. Cathy is talking to her friends Bill and Tod outside the cinema. Cathy: Well, what did you think of the film, then? Bill: Oh, I thought it was great. Didn’t you think so?
《跨文化交际学》课程教学大纲 一、课程简介: 课程代码课程名称：跨文化交际学课程属性：公共必修课 学时：36 学分：2 课程内容： 《跨文化交际学》的主要内容是对中国文化和西方文化进行介绍并作对比研究, 授课内容主要涉及语言,文化和跨文化交际的话题。该课程有助于增强文化差异的敏感性，增强跨文化交际意识，有助于学生跨文化交际能力的提高。 二、课程教学大纲 《跨文化交际学》课程教学大纲 1、课程说明 该课程旨在扩大学生的知识面，对西方文化的不同层面有所了解,以提高学生的交际能力。在传统的教学中, 人们往往忽视文化的重要作用, 只注重语言能力的培养而未能顾及交际能力的提高。近年来国内学者认识到外语教学必须引进文化知识的对比，训练学生灵活运用语言知识, 更好地与外国人沟通, 减少和避免误解。该课程教学要求学生提高对文化差异的敏感性, 更有效地与外国人进行交际，为学生跨文化交际能力的提高奠定基础。 2、教学对象 全校本科学生 3、教学目的 该课程教学重点在于培养学生对英语国家文化的了解及跨文化交际意识, 提高驾驭英语语言的能力, 从而使其能得体地运用语言与操英语的外国人士进行交流。该课程授课形式以讲解为主,课堂讨论为辅。教师的讲授重点是帮助学生认识中西文化的异同，分析文化差异的根源, 帮助学生深化对西方文化的理解。中西文化的差异在表层上很容易识别,但对造成差异的原因却需追根溯源。东西方在历史,思维方式以及哲学等方面的差异则是造成中国学生对西方文化不解的主要原因,也是该课程的难点。 4、教学要求： 该课程要求学生全面掌握涉及跨文化交际中的问题,关于文化的定义和模式,基础理论,
比如集体主义与个体主义。该课程还讨论语言交际中的具体问题,比如介绍与问候,词语的使用,非言语交际,价值观念,对时间,空间的看法,对教育,工作的态度, 人际间的关系, 家庭观念,以及文化冲突,文化休克等问题。最后能考试合格。 5、教学基本内容及学时安排（总学时：36） 6、各章节教学要求及教学重点 第一章跨文化交际中的问题 本章主要教学内容: 举例说明中国人与英美人士交际中存在的误解或问题。 本章教学目的及要求: 要求学生认识到跨文化交际中文化意识的重要性。 本章教学重点及难点: 交际失败的深层原因不只是语言问题,而是价值观念,经济基础,道德观念等因素在起作用。
1.Three international developments have made intercultural contact more pervasive (无处不在), they are .（D ） A. new technology and information system B. changes in the world’s population C. a shift in the world’s economic arena D. A, B and C 2.___C___ has evolved that lets societies share cultural experiences with one another as films are produced and shown around the world. A. Show business B. I.T. C. international film industry D. Mass media 3.__A____ in the United States, because they have been profoundly affected by population and immigration increases, are a primary setting for domestic intercultural contact. A. Schools B. Community C. Workplace D. club 4. It is difficult to find a single definition of human communication because__D____. A. the complex nature of communication B. the issue of intentionality C. the issue of unintentionality D. A, B and C 5. To Reusch and Bateson, communication often takes place __A___. A. without awareness B. consciously C. intentionally D. deliberately 6. Which of the statements of communication is not true? D A. Communication is dynamic https://www.doczj.com/doc/e710716260.html,munication is symbolic https://www.doczj.com/doc/e710716260.html,munication is Interpretive D. Communication is static 7. Communication has a consequence means that ___D___. A. Communication is irreversible B.Our response to message does not have to be immediate C. The nature of our responses to messages is rooted in our culture D. A, B and C 8. Which of the item is not the basic component of culture? C A. Values B. Emotions C. Personality D. Attitudes 9. We learn our culture not through __D______. A. proverbs B. art C. mass media D. self-taught 10.Although many aspects of culture are subject to change, the _B______ of a culture resists major alterations. A. history B. the deep structure C. background D. tradition 11. ___C___ is at the core of intercultural communication. A. sender B. receiver C. culture D. language 12. Although cultures change through several mechanisms, which of the following item is not the three most common ones.C A. Diffusion B. Acculturation C. Invention D. Innovation 13. One of the most difficult tasks for foreigners in learning a new language is learning the _____A____ and ________ in which they are used. A. different styles, the contexts B. grammar, accent C. different styles, the speech acts D. vocabulary, the pronunciation 14. Language is accompanied by a continuous flow of nonverbal communication, which involves not only ____ but also ____ and _____.B A. the tone, gaze, posture B. the voice, the face, the body C. the pitch, gaze, gesture D. the pace, the distance, touch 15. ___B__ is the process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory data in a way that enables us to make sense of our physical and social world. A. Interpretation B. Perception C. Analysis D. Understanding
期末考试范围 ? 1. 阅读理解2篇（20%） ? 2. 选词填空：15个句子（15个备选项，课后的key concepts,概念的词为主。（15%） ?eg: ———the belief that any individual, no matter how poor, can achieve wealth and fame through diligence and virtue. ? 3. 简答题：课后comprehension questions和case study( 课内或者稍微改动的）。（25%） 4. 实用写作：一封信什么的（格式）（10%） 5. 写作：给出某个文化现象观点，运用所学文化差异进行评论 （comment)。（30%） 如: 说给一个关于教育的话题（文化现象），我们要用所学的中 美教育差异进行评论，议论文形式。 价值观，家庭观，社会关系朋友观，饮食观，教育观，时间观等 篇目：Unit1: A B C Unit2 A Unit3 A B Unit5A Unit6A Unit7 A Unit10 B Unit1 A Key concepts reservation: 谦逊的coldness: 冷静的 modesty：谦虚的 humor：幽默的 sportsmanship：运动员精神 Q1、what is a reserved person like? Answer: A reserved person is one who does not talk very much to strangers, does not show much emotion, and seldom gets excited. Q2、what is the character of the Englishmen? Answer: reserved 、humor、modesty、cold、sportsmanship. Q3、what is sportsmanship? Answer: sportsmanship is the ability to practice a sport according to its rules, while al so showing generosity to one’s opponent and good temper in defeat. Case study Q、What made the British feel quite unhappy in this situation?
Intercultural communication paper I.Fill in the blanks to make the statements complete (25%) （共8小题，25个空格，每空1分） 1.There are roughly five types of communication: human communication, （） communication, human-animal communication, human-machine communication and machine-to-machine communication. 2.Past-oriented people tend to believe tradition is important. Present-oriented cultures maintain that the moment is the most significant. If you tend to look to the future and make plans, you are future-oriented. Generally speaking, Chinese are accepted as past-oriented while （）are thought to be future-oriented. … II.Choose one correct answer from the four choices （共20个单选，每个1分，共20分） 6.Socrates together with __________ and Aristotle are thought to be the founder of Western philosophy. Their emphasis is on self instead of on nature. From Socrates’ time, there is division from nature and man. A. Descartes B. Hegal C. Plato D. Archimedes 7.The Chinese Three Character Classics orients human nature as ________. A. good but corruptible B. evil but perfectible C . mixture of good and evil D. evil and corruptible 11. The ______ meditation is the most abstract of all because it is the thinking of thinking. Thinking becomes the subject of its own investigation. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 12. The ________ tends to use their reason as a spectacle in which to see the world. Hence thinking is the means to understand the world. A. Hindu B. Chinese C. Greek D. Japanese 13. The _________ tend to distinguish mind from body, people from nature, and God from Man, while the Chinese are used to looking at the world as a whole unit. A. Westerners B. Hindus C. Arabs D. Indonesians 17. The ______ discourse style is characterized as laying emphasis on impression rather than on information while the _________ discourse style features laying emphasis on information rather than on impression. A. Western…Chinese B. English…Korean C. American…Japanese D. Chinese…Westerners’ 18. Westerners are direct in expressing ideas while the Chinese are indirect. So the deductive (topic first) pattern is prevalent in _____ and the inductive (topic delayed) pattern is more accepted by the Chinese and other Asians. A. the West B. China C. Korea D. Japan 19. The function of nonverbal signs is sometimes indispensible. For example, placing your index finger to your lips as an alternative to saying “Please calm down so that I can speak” is a case of ________. A. complementing B. repeating C. contradicting D. substituting