宾语补足语讲解
黄洋小学校詹大春
一．英语的五个基本句型结构：
S 十V 主谓结构He runs quickly．他跑得快。
S 十V 十P 主系表结构The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
S 十V 十O 主谓宾结构They built a house last year．他们去年建了一所房子。
S 十V 十O1 十O2 主谓双宾结构He offered me his seat / his seat to me．他把座位让给我。
S 十V 十O 十C 主谓宾补结构
They found her happy that day．他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out．我发现他出去了。
They named the boy Charlie．他们给这个男孩起名为查理。
I saw him come in and go out．我见他进来又出去。
They felt the car moving fast．他们感到汽车行驶得很快。
He found the door of study closed to him．他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了。
说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语
定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。
二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补
不同形式的宾语补足语
名词make, name, call, think, consider, choose, wish, find, elect
We made him our monitor.
She found him a very clever boy.
They call her XiaoZhang.
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.
形容词believe, think, get, keep, make, find, set, like, wish, see,
consider, prove, have, leave, paint, drive, turn, cut
You should keep your classroom clean.
I found the movie very interesting.
The noise drives me mad. I found the dog dead.
动词不定式（部分动词后的to 需省略）
advise, allow, ask, cause, expect, force, get, help, invite, order, remind, request, require, teach, tell, train, want, warn, wish, see, hear, feel, watch, notice, smell, taste, observe, have, make, let, allow, beg, drive, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade
They asked me to get there on time.
Nobody heard him cry for help.
I often see the boys play basketball after school.
现在分词keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, send, see, hear, watch , notice smell, taste, feel, observe, have, get, leave
Do you hear someone knocking at the door?
I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face.
The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time.
Can you smell something burning?
过去分词make, get, have, keep, leave
My grandfather had his old house rebuilt.
I must get my bike repaired.
He was trying to make himself understood.
副词let ,follow, order
I followed him in.
She ordered them away.
He opened the window to let the fresh air in.
I saw him out with his father the day before yesterday
介词短语keep, find, leave
To her surprise, she found herself in a different world.
Please make yourself at home.
I left my pen on my desk at home.
三、三种结构：
1.主表型：
1) make our country beautiful (adjective) 2) call him Lao Li (noun) 3) find sb. out (adv.)4) find sb. at home (Prep. phrase)
2. 主谓型：
1) ask sb. to do sth.（有to 不定式）2) make sb. do sth. （无to不定式）
3) see sb. doing sth. （现在分词）
3.动宾型:
1) have/make/get sth. done. （过去分词）
四、什么动词后可有宾语补足语：
1. 在表示心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove 等。这类动词后的不定式通常是"to be+形容词或名词"结构，think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。
We consider him (to be) a good teacher.我们认为他是一个好老师。He proved that theory (to be) very important.他证明那个理论是很重要的。
2.在表示情感状态的动词后作宾语补足语。这类动词有：love, like, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect等。I'd prefer you to leave him alone.我希望你不要打扰他。I don't want there to be any trouble. 我不想有任何麻烦。
3. 注意：hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。
I hope you can give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
I wish you to give me a hand. 我希望你能帮我一把。
He required us to be present at the meeting.他要求我们出席会议。
五、可作宾语补足语的形式有：
不定式，现在分词，过去分词，名词，形容，副词，介词短语都能作补语。
六、具体说明：（一）副词作宾语补足语I found him in yesterday.
（二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。如：We must keep our classroom clean.
（三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。如：We call them mooncakes.
（四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。
如：In the country, we can hear birds singing.
（五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home.
（六）不定式作宾语补足语
1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等；
2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。
如：I often see him play football.
She often asks me to help her.
We don't allow such things to happen again.
Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke.
3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明：
①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework.
②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to三让：let, have, make 四观看：
observe, see, watch, look at
这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do?你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking.她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do.他想干什么就让他干吧。
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了
3. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义
在“have ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
①意为“主语请别人做某事”。例如：
He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. 他明天想去检查眼睛。（“检查”的动作由医生来进行）
②意为“主语遭遇、遭受某一不愉快、不测的事情”。例如：
Be careful, or you'll have your hands hurt. 当心，否则会弄伤手的。
③意为“使完成某事”，事情既可以是别人做完，也可以由主语参与完成。
例如：He had the walls painted this morning. 他今早把墙漆了。（主语自己可能参与）
④动词不定式也可作一些短语动词的宾语补足语。
I'm waiting for James to arrive.我正等着詹姆斯的到来。
He's arranged for a car to pick them up at the station.他已安排了一辆汽车去车站接他们。
（七）分词作宾语补足语
用现在分词作宾补，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系；用过去分词作宾补，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
1. 跟分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等。例如：
There was so much noise that the speaker couldn’t make himself heard.
由于十分吵闹，讲话人没法让人听到他的声音。
When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman. 他醒来的时候发现一位老大娘正在照顾他。
2. 几种用过去分词作宾语补足语的情况说明：
①表示“意欲；命令”的动词如like, want, wish, order 等，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
例如：The father wants his daughter taught the piano. 这位父亲想让女儿学钢琴。
②感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now. 刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
③使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep 等后，可用过去分词作宾语补足语。例如：
Have you got your films developed? 你拿胶卷去冲洗了没有？
宾语补足语练习题
1. ----There’s a hole in your bag. ---- I know, I’m going to have it _____.
A.mend
B. mending
C. mended
D. to be
mended
2. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister. A.cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
3. They would not allow him _____ across the enemy line.
A.to risk going
B. risking to go
C. for risk to go
D. risk going
4. I found the door _____ when I got home.
A.opened
B. close
C. unlocking
D. open
5. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___.
A.not to
B. not to do
C. not do
D. do
not to
6. I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise____.
A.going on
B. goes on
C. went on
D. to go on
7. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A.settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
8. I advised ___at once. A.him to starting B. him to start C. to starting D. to start
9. When I put my hand on his chest, I could feel his heart still ____.
A.beat
B. to be beating
C. beating
D. was beating
10. You had better get a doctor _____ your bad tooth.
A.pull out
B. to pull out
C. pulled out
D. pulling out
11. He managed to make himself with his____ English.
A.understand; breaking
B. understand; broken
B. C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
12. The doctor asked him not to leave his wound ______.
A. expose
B. exposed
C. to expose
D. exposing
13. They are going to have the service man ____ an electric fan in the
office tomorrow. A.install B. to install C. to be installed D. installed
14. After a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute ______.
A.being settled
B. to be settled
C. had settled
D.
as settled
15. You will see this product ____ wherever you go.
A.to be advertised
B. advertised
C. advertise
D. advertising
16. His remarks left me _____ about his real purpose.
A.wondered
B. wonder
C. to wonder
D.
wondering
17. When I caught him ______ me I stopped buying things there and
started dealing with another shop. A.cheating B. cheat C. to cheat D. to be cheating
18. Though he had often made his little sister ____, today he was made ____ by his little sister. A. cry; to cry B. crying; crying C. cry; cry D. to cry; cry
19. The teacher encouraged us ______ good compositions.
A. Writing
B. written
C. to write
D. is writing
20. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ___________. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
21. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _______went wrong again.
A .it B. it repaired C .repaired D. to be repaired
22. With a lot of difficult problems_____, the newly—elected president is having a hard time. A .settled B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
23. With trees, flowers and grass_____ everywhere, my native town had taken on a new look. A. planting B. planted C. to plant D .to be planted
24. She was glad to see her child well_____ care of.
A. take
B. to be taken
C. taken
D. taking
25. The result of the entrance exams was not made _____to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known
26. I can mak e you _____what I say, but you can’t make yourself ____ in English.
A. understand; understand B .understand, understood
C to understand, understand D. understand; to be understood
27. He found them ____ at a table_____.
A. sat; to play chess
B. sitting; to play chess
C. seated; playing chess
D. seat; play the chess
28. John rushed out in a hurry, ___ the door_____.
A. leaving; unlocked
B. leaving; unlocking
C. left; unlocked
D. to leave; unlocking
29. We are pleased to see the problem___ so quickly.
A. settled
B. settling
C. be settled
D. having been settled
30. I could feel the wind ___on my face from an open window.
A .to blow
B .blowing C. to be blowing
D .blown
31. ____ production up by 60%,the company has had another excellent year.
A. As
B. For
C. With
D. Through
32. ____ everything ____ , she left the supermarket with satisfaction.
A. As, buying
B. For, to buy
C. With, bought
D .Because, to buy
33. Don’t leave the water ____ whi le you brush your teeth. (天津2004)
A. run
B. running
C. being run
D. to run
34. He looked around and caught a man ___ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put
B. to be putting
C. to put
D. putting
1-4 CAAD 5-9 AACBC 10-14 BDBAD 15-18CDAA 19-23CACAB
24-28CBBCA 29-34A BCBDA
英语五中基本句型 句子的基本句型 由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式可组合成五种基本句型。 句子成分的表示方法： S: Subject主语； V: Verb动词； O: Object宾语； P: Predicative表语； IO: Indirect Object间接宾语； DO：Direct Object 直接宾语 。
OC: Object Complement宾语补足语； ◇第一种句型：主语+不及物动词(S+V) 该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。 He runs fast in the street. 他在街上跑得飞快。 The meeting begins at nine. 会议九点开始。 ◇第二种句型：主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+DO) 该句型所用动词都是及物动词，可作宾语的有名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句。We attended the meeting. 我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语) She stopped him. 她叫住了他。(代词作宾语) She wants to ask a question. 她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语) They enjoy listening to the classic music. 他们喜欢听古典音乐。(动名词作宾语) 注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了。这一类词组有：listen to 听；look at 看；look after 照看；look for 寻找；arrive at/in 到达等。 May I turn on the light？ 我可以开灯吗？ What are you looking for？ 你在找什么？ ◇第三种句型：主语+连系动词+表语(S+V+P) 连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She became a lawyer last year. 去年，她成为了一名律师。 He is honest. 他是诚实的。 It is getting colder and colder. 天气渐渐冷了。 It tastes delicious. 这好吃极了。 下列动词也作连系动词使用：look 看起来；smell 闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持；grow/go/get/turn变得。 ◇第四种句型：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+IO+DO) (1)宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾
“感使动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语补足语的用法定义 1．所谓感官动词，是指表示人的大脑感觉器官所发出的动作的动词。如：notice / observe / see / look at / watch / hear / listen to / feel（常见的共８词）. 2．使役动词是指具有使、让意义的动词。如：have/ let / make（常见的共３词）。 记忆与使用 难点一：如何系统、准确地熟记常见的感官、使役动词 口诀：“注意、观察、三看、二听、一感觉；三个使役半帮助。”注意：“半帮助”是为了易记加上去的（因help后接的to可省可不省，故叫“半帮助”）。 难点二：对感官、使役动词的主动结构后接非谓语动词作宾补的区别 先看感官动词主动结构的用法（以hear为例）：hear sb. do/ doing/ done ' 即其后可接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补。区别是：1）do/ doing均表主动关系，done表被动关系。 ２）do/ doing都可表主动，但do指整个动作，经常性动作或强调动作完成了。doing指动作正在进行或动作的某个片断。
３）done指某事由别人做（被做），也作“遭受”解。 试比较：A）I heared him sing a song. 我听他唱了一首歌（指自始至终整个过程）。 B）I heared him singing a song. 我听见他正在唱歌唱（指当时动作的某个片断）。 C）I heared a song sung．我听见（有人）唱歌（逻辑主语“歌”与“唱”是被动关系。） 再看使役动词主动结构的用法：have sb. do/ doing/ done, make/let sb. do/ done have后也接do（省to）/ doing/ done作宾补，区别是：１）do/ doing 均表主动关系，done表被动关系。 ２）do/ doing虽然都表主动，但do指目前和将来或经常性、反复性的动作。Ｄｏｉdoing指目前正在进行的动作。 试比较：A）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前正确进行的动作） B）I won’t have you saying such things about my sister.（指目前和将来的动作） C）I shouldn’t have him do that again．（指将来的动作，此处不用doing因do that again暗示将来） D）I am sorry to have had you waiting so long.（指目前正在进行的动作） E）I have had many friends visit me from time to time.
宾语补足语总汇 六、具体说明： （一）副词作宾语补足语 I found him in yesterday. （二）常接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, make, find等。 如：We must keep our classroom clean. （三）常接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, make, think等。 如：We call them mooncakes. （四）常接动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, find, keep等。如：In the country, we can hear birds singing. （五）常接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有：keep, find, leave等。如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （六）不定式作宾语补足语 1. 常接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, tell, want, teach, wish等； 2. 接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear, make, let advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite, force, oblige, get, help, encourage, persuade, permit, remind, request, order, warn, cause等。如： I often see him play football. She often asks me to help her. We don't allow such things to happen again. Most of the parents agree to forbid their children to smoke. She asked me to answer the phone in her absence. Please remind me to leave her this note. She requested him to go with her. 3. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，这些动词有：一感二听三让四观看。 一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 这类动词有：make, let, have等。转为被动语态时，其后通常都用带to的不定式(have没有被动语态)。What would you have me do? 你要我做什么？She made him give up smoking. 她让他戒了烟。Let him do whatever he wishes to do. 他想干什么就让他干吧。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister.虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 3. 掌握“使役动词have + 宾语＋过去分词”的几种含义 在“ hav e ＋宾语＋过去分词”结构中，过去分词作宾语补足语，have 也可用get 。这一结构具有以下几种含义：
非谓语动词作宾语补足语 定义：宾语补足语通常是位于宾语之后，说明宾语的状态、特征的成分，多由名词,形容词、副词、不定式,动名词个分词充当. 如：The sun keeps us warm. We call her Jenny. They found him out. Make yourself at home. They wish you to go with them. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. 宾语+宾语补足语=复合宾语，宾语和宾语补足语之间在逻辑上往往有主表、或者主谓的关系. 一、动词不定式作宾补。 1.V1 + sb. + to do sth. 常用动词有：advise 建议allow 允许ask 叫，请bear 忍受 beg 乞求cause 导致command 命令encourage 鼓励expect 期待forbid 禁止force 迫使get 使 hate 讨厌help 帮助intend 想要invite 邀请 leave 让like 喜欢mean 打算need 需要 oblige 迫使order 命令permit 允许persuade 说服 prefer 宁愿request 请求remind 提醒teach 教 tell 告诉trouble 麻烦want 想要warn 警告 wish 希望wait for 等would like 想要would love 想要would prefer 宁愿 persuade (劝说）sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sth 温馨提示： 1.advise, forbid,allow, permit 这四个词后既可以直接加动名词作宾语，也可以接不定式作 宾语补足语，即构成 doing sth advise/ forbid/ allow/ permit sb to do sth 2.fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接sb to do sth。 They forbade her to leave the country. 他们禁止她离开国家。 Please remind me not to be late for the meeting. 请提醒我开会不要迟到。3. He asked me to keep my word. 他要我信守承诺。 练习： Exercise1 1.I didn’t want my parents _________(help ) me. 2.We’d prefer you __________( take ) the job instead of Zhang. 3.The school ordered all the classroom ________( clean ). 4.My parents expect me _________( go )to a ideal university. 5.Joan promised the dinner ____________( cook ) before we returned. 6.The doctor advised the patient ___________( take ) two pills every four hours. 7. My advisor encouraged ________ a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京卷) A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take 8. The teacher asked us ________ so much noise. (北京卷) A. don’t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make 9. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ________. (全国卷) A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not do 二、在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带to。 The boss made her work long hours. 主语谓语宾语宾补 She was made to work long hours (by her boss). 主语谓语主补 诀窍：某些动词真奇怪，to来to去令人猜； 主动语态to离开，被动语态to回来。 记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、五看(see, look at, watch, notice，observe)。 注：(1) 动词help后，可以加to,也可以省略to. I will help him (to) clean the room.。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. 口诀：宾补省to有习惯，只有动词十一个半：五“看”二“听”一“感觉”，三个“使役”紧跟着。一个“帮助”两均可，牢记保你不出错。 练习： 1. Though he had often made his little sister ________, today he was made ________ by his little sister.
Contents 英语宾语补足语用法详解 (2) 一、概念 (2) 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 (2) 三、可以用分词作主语或宾语补足语的动词 (3) 典例精析： (4)
英语宾语补足语用法详解 一、概念 分词作主语补足语和宾语补足语其实是同一成分用于两种不同的句式中。具体地说，主动态句子中的宾语补足语就是被动态句子中的主语补足语。先了解宾语补足语，则很容易了解主语补足语。 宾语补足语：在英语中，某些及物动词不仅需要宾语，而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语，即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态，这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。有些语法书把宾语和补足语称为复合宾语。 句型：及物动词+宾语(n./pron.)+宾语补足语(n./adj./adv./to do/-ing/-ed/介词短语共7种表示法) 该句型若变成被动语态，即将宾语提到句首作主语，原主动语态中的宾语补足语此时在被动语态中起到补充说明主语的作用，所以改称主语补足语。例如： A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 此句中smoking是主语he的补足语，所以称为主语补足语。 二、何时用现在分词、何时用过去分词作主语(宾语)补足语 分词作主语(宾语)补足语时，若主语(宾语)与分词之间是主动关系，则用现在分词表示主动； 如果主语(宾语)与分词之间是被动关系，则用过去分词表示被动。例如： He was heard singing in the next room. He was singing.主语he与补足语“唱歌”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词singing。 One of the glasses was found broken. One of the glasses was broken.主语one of the glasses与补足语“打破”之间是被动关系，故用过去分词broken。 Don‘t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
宾语补足语 宾语补足语是用于补充说明宾语的成分。宾语补足语常常放在宾语之后，和宾语一起构成复合宾语。 一、常见的能接宾语补足语的词语 1.使役动词 （1）使役动词make make用作使役动词表示“使”时，可跟复合结构，即“make +宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词、不带to的不定式、过去分词。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out.大雨使得我们无法出去。 He couldn't make himself heard above the noise of the traffic.在交通嘈 杂声中他无法使自己让别人听到。 What makes the grass grow?什么使得草生长？ ★动词不定式作make的宾语补足语时要用省略to的形式，但如果用在被动语态中，to一定不能省略。 She was made to work twelve hours a day.她被迫每天工作十二个小时。（2）使役动词have have表示“使得??”，其后接宾语补足语，常用于以下结构： ①have sb. do sth.使/让某人做某事 ②have sb. Doing sth.使/让某人一直做某事
③have sth. Done使/让某事被做；遭遇某种不幸 The teacher had the little boy write on the blackboard.老师让这个小男孩在黑板上写。 1 / 8 don't have the lights burning all the night. 不要让灯整夜亮着。 He had the bike repaired yesterday.昨天他让人修了自行车。 He had his leg broken in the match.在比赛中他摔断了腿。 （3）使役动词leave leave用作使役动词，表示“使/让??保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、名词、介词短语、分词作宾语补足语。 ①He left the door open when he went out.他出去时，没有关门。 ②They walked off and left me sitting there alone.他们走开了，让我一个人坐在那儿。 （4）使役动词keep keep用作使役动词，表示“使/让??保持某种状态”，可以用形容词、现在分词作宾语补足语。 ①Close the door to keep the room warm.关上门让房间保持暖和。 ②You've kept me waiting an hour.你已经让我等了一个小时！ （5）使役动词get get用作使役动词，表示“促使某事发生”或“使得某人做某事”，其
精心整理 宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：Ifoundhim in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：Wemustkeepourclassroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：Wecallthem mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：Ileftmypen onmydesk athome. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：Sheoftenasksme tohelp her. Ioftenseehim play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dosomehousework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear,listento；三让：let,have,make四观看：observe,see,watch,lookat 如：I saw theboy climb thewall（过程） 如：Theboss makes theboy work dayandnight. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去(注意have没有被动语态)。 Thoughhehadoften madehislittlesistercry,todayhe wasmadetocry byhislittlesister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider,think,believe,discover,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等）后接不定式tobe+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think,consider,find后的tobe常可省略。 如：Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher. 如：Heprovedthetheory(tobe)veryimportant. （6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关系。如：Isawtheboy climbing thewall.（片 段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：Isawanoldman knockeddown byacarjustnow. （8）“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构通常在句中作时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。例如： 1、with+宾+形Helefttheroomwiththedoor open.方式 2、with+宾+副Withtheradio on,grandmasleptdeeplyinthechair.伴随 3、with+宾+过去分词Themanwsbroughtinwithhishands tied behindhisback.方式 4、with+宾+不定式Withthisbook tohelpyou,youcanfinishyourworkqickly.条件 5、with+宾+介词短语Themanleftthemeetingwithabook inhishand.伴随 6、with+宾+现在分词Shefellasleepwiththelightburning.伴随 宾语补足语练习题 1.Themanagerdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee thenextyear.(NMET2000) A.carryout B.carryingout C.carriedout D.tocarryout
With 结构（with+宾语+宾补）宾补可以是：过去分词，现在分词，不定式，副词，adj.，介词短语 可以做定语，伴随状语，原因状语，结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her． (她在跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安，因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上，两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临，我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服，我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.
宾语补足语讲解 WTD standardization office【WTD 5AB- WTDK 08- WTD 2C】
宾语补足语（O b j e c t c o m p l e m e n t)用法归纳概念：英语中含有某些意义的动词跟了宾语后句子仍不完整，还须要一个补足成分，这种补足成分叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语是句子的主要成分，这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的类属、性质、状态等意义；由非谓语动词即不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的动作。
宾语补足语使用注意事项： ①当感官动词和使役动词，如：see hear notice watch hear observe, listen to, feel(感官动词)make have let get(使役动词)接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，动词后要加to。 主动语态：The policeman made him tell everything. 被动语态：He was made to tell everything by the policeman. ②感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe后面的宾语补足语既可跟不带to的动词不定式，也可跟现在分词，其区别在于前者表示“经常性的，习惯性的动作”，后者表示“正在发生的瞬间动作”。 I often hear her sing English songs in the room. Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire!” ③在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. ④有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，如：keep, mind, prevent, stop。动词find, catch等的宾语可由现在分词作宾语补足语。
简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 一、句子成份 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语,宾语补足语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。主语可由名词、代 词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。 例如： My sister is a teacher.（名词）我的姐姐是老师。 We often speak English in class.（代词）我们经常在课上讲英语。 One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 这个班三分之一的学生是女生。 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语 气。 1)简单谓语：she works in a hospital. 她在一家医院工作。（动作） 2)复合谓语： I can speak a little English. 我会说一点英语。 We are reading books. 我们正在读书。 He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。 My sister is a teacher.(我的姐姐是老师。) The weather has turned cold.（天气已经变冷了。） 系动词：是用来帮助说明主语的动词，不能单独用作谓语，其后必须跟表语，如：be, become, turn, look, go等。 4、宾语: 宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在及物动词之后。 We like English. 我喜欢英语。 They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
宾语补足语讲解及练 习
宾语补足语讲解 一、定义：宾语补足语通常紧跟在宾语之后，对宾语进行补充说明。 二、句子结构是：主+谓+宾+宾补 三宾语补足语的词语形式有： 副词，形容，名词，介词短语，不定式(带to/不带to)，分词（现在分词/过去分词） 四、具体说明： （1）副词作宾语补足语如：I found him in yesterday. （2）形容词作宾语补足语如：We must keep our classroom clean. （3）名词作宾语补足语如：We call them mooncakes. （4）介词短语作宾语补足语如：I left my pen on my desk at home. （5）不定式作宾语补足语如：She often asks me to help her. I often see him play football. 用不定式作宾语补足语的几种说明： ①help后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式可以带to也可以不带to。 如：I often help my mother(to) do some housework. ②在使役动词和感官动词后作宾语补足语，不定式不带to。这些动词有： 一感：feel；二听：hear, listen to；三让：let, have, make 四观看：observe, see, watch, look at 如：I saw the boy climb the wall（过程） 如： The boss makes the boy work day and night. 这类动词转为被动语态时，其后不定式符号to要重新加上去 (注意have没有被动语态)。 Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然经常是他弄哭小妹妹，但今天他却被小妹妹弄哭了 ③表示心理状态的动词（consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等）后接不定式to be+形容词或名词"结构作宾语补足语。think, consider, find后的to be常可省略。 如：We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 如：He proved the theory (to be) very important.（6）现在分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语是动作的发出者，形成逻辑上的主谓关 系。如：I saw the boy climbing the wall. （片段） （7）过去分词作宾语补足语，表示宾语是动作的承受者，构成逻辑上的动宾关系。 如：I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
宾语补足语简述 1.概念： 在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有1个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补，在英语中极为重要。比如说：I heard Jean singing this morning. 句子中的“Jean”显然是宾语。但是主语I听到的并不是“Jean”，而是“Jean singing”.“singing”是句子中的宾语补足语。它和宾语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，也就是说从逻辑上来讲，是“Jean”执行了“singing”的动作。句子中的“singing”是现在分词做宾语补足语。能够充当宾补的还有宾语补足语的大致有：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介宾短语等。一般情况下，宾补通常紧跟在宾语之后。例：I find learning English difficult.“difficult”是形容词作宾补。 2.宾语补足语的几种类型： 2.1名词（包括名词性物主代词）作宾语补足语。如： I can't understand why people elected her Monitor 我不明白人们为什么选他当班长。 In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work. 在1849年，他去了英国并把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的基地。 2.2形容词极其短语作宾语补足语。如： Please keep the windows open. We need more fresh air. 请让窗户开着，我们需要更多的新鲜空气。 Your hair is too long. Go to the Barber's and cut it short. 你的头发太长了，去理发店剪短些。 2.3不定式极其短语做宾语补足语。如： I often ask him to help me with my English.我经常让他帮助我学习英语。 I heard him sing songs in the next room last night 我昨天晚上听见他在隔壁房间唱歌了。. 注：下列动词后的不定式作宾补时省略to:①感feel ②听listen to, hear③让let, make, have④看see, watch, observe, notice 如：
宾语补足语（Object complement)用法归纳 概念：英语中含有某些意义的动词跟了宾语后句子仍不完整，还须要一个补足成分，这种补足成分叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语是句子的主要成分，这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的类属、性质、状态等意义；由非谓语动词即不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的动作。
①当感官动词和使役动词，如：see hear notice watch hear observe, listen to, feel(感官动词)make have let get(使役动词)接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，动词后要加to。 主动语态：The policeman made him tell everything. 被动语态：He was made to tell everything by the policeman. ②感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe后面的宾语补足语既可跟不带to的动词不定式，也可跟现在分词，其区别在于前者表示“经常性的，习惯性的动作”，后者表示“正在发生的瞬间动作”。 I often hear her sing English songs in the room. Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire!” ③在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. ④有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，如：keep, mind, prevent, stop。动词find, catch等的宾语可由现在分词作宾语补足语。 She caught her son smoking a cigarette. We’d be tter keep the fire burning. I don’t mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us coming here on time. I found him drinking my whisky. ⑤hope, demand, suggest等动词后面不能接不定式作宾语补足语。 错误：I hope you to come here tomorrow. 正确：I hope you can come here tomorrow. ⑥表示心理状态的动词consider, think, believe, discover, find, imagine, judge, suppose, prove等动词后的不定式通常是“to be+形容词或名词”结构，to be常可省略。 We consider him (to be) a good teacher. He proved that theory (to be) very important.
宾语补足语用法 宾语补足语是英语教学中的难点，也是高考的热点，更是书面表达中必须具备的一种句型结构。下面就宾语补足语用法进行以下归纳。 Ⅰ.使役动词后宾语补足语的用法 中学教学中最常见的使役动词有：make，have，leave。他们都表示“使得”，后面都可接宾语+宾语补足语的结构，但用法上有所不同。 一?make用作使役动词表示“使；使成为”时，可跟复合结构，即“make+宾语+宾语补足语”，其中的宾语补足语可以是形容词或名词?不带to的不定式?过去分词。 1. 我们推选他为我们足球队队长。 We made him captain of our football team. 2. 我们队赢了的消息使我们大家非常高兴。 The news that our team had won made us very happy. 3. 大雨使得我们无法出去。 The heavy rain made it impossible for us to go out. 4. 奇怪的声音使我们感到恐惧。 The strange noise made us frightened. 5. 在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到。 He couldn’t make himself heard above the noise of the traffic. 6. 什么东西使得草生长? What makes the grass grow? 注意：过去分词作make的宾语补足语时，变为被动语态不用加to；但当不定式作其宾补时，变为被动语态一定要加to。 这个男孩被迫每天干十二个小时的活。 The boy was made to work twelve hours a day. 选择题： 1. Paul doesn’t have to be made ____. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 2. The result of the entrance exams was not made ____ to the public until last Thursday. A. knowing B. known C. to know D. to be known 答案：1.B2.B 二?have 表示“使得……”，其后接宾语补足语，常用以下句型： have sb. do sth.使得某人做某事 have sb. doing sth.使得某人一直做某事 have sth. done使得某事被做 填空： 1. The teacher had her ____(recite) the text again. 2. He wants to have his eyes ____(examine) tomorrow. 3. Be careful，or you’ll have your hands ____(hurt). 4. He had the girl ____(stand) in the classroom the whole morning. 5. He had the walls ____(paint) this morning. 答案：1.recite 2.examined 3.hurt 4.standing 5.painted 只能用doing的情况
宾语补足语讲解Prepared on 21 November 2021
宾语补足语（Object complement)用法归纳 概念：英语中含有某些意义的动词跟了宾语后句子仍不完整，还须要一个补足成分，这种补足成分叫做宾语补足语。宾语补足语是句子的主要成分，这样的句型为：主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语。 由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的类属、性质、状态等意义；由非谓语动词即不定式、现在分词、过去分词充当宾语补足语，用以说明宾语的动作。
宾语补足语使用注意事项： ①当感官动词和使役动词，如：see hear notice watch hear observe, listen to, feel(感官动词)make have let get(使役动词)接宾补时，不定式的符号to必须省略。但在被动语态中，动词后要加to。 主动语态：The policeman made him tell everything. 被动语态：He was made to tell everything by the policeman. ②感官动词see, hear, watch, notice, observe后面的宾语补足语既可跟不带to的动词不定式，也可跟现在分词，其区别在于前者表示“经常性的，习惯性的动作”，后者表示“正在发生的瞬间动作”。 I often hear her sing English songs in the room. Suddenly, Zhang Hua heard someone shouting “Fire! Fire!” ③在help后,不定式可以带to,也可不带。 Lucy often helps her brother (to) learn English. ④有些动词只能用现在分词作宾语补足语，如：keep, mind, prevent, stop。动词find, catch等的宾语可由现在分词作宾语补足语。 She caught her son smoking a cigarette. We’d better keep the fire burning.