虚拟语气
语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
直语气(indicative mood),表示所说的话是事实。
祈使语气(imperative mood),表示所说的话是请求或命令。
虚拟语气(subjunctive mood),表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。
一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
学习虚拟语气在条件句中的用法之前我们必须清楚条件句的种类：条件句有真实条件句与非真实条件句(或称虚拟条件句)两种。真实条件句所表的假设是可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句都用述语气。
如：
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, I will go for a picnic. 假若明天不下雨，我就去野餐。
Oil floats if you pour it on water. 你如把油倒在水里，油就浮起来。
虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主
were), 主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：
If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。
（事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。）
If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。
（事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。）
2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用had+过去分词，主句的谓语用should （would, might，could）+ have ＋过去分词。
如：She would have gone to the party if she had been invited.
要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。
（事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）
If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning.
今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。
（事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。）
3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句，条件从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be的过去式用were)；should＋动词原形；were to＋动词原形，主句用should （would, might，could）+动词原形。
如：If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
明年我要是二十岁，我就会学法语。
（事实是：我现在已经老了，明年我学不了法语了。）
If it should fail, I would try again.要是失败了，我会再试一次。
（事实是：有可能失败，可我会再试。表示未知。）
虚拟过去式有时并不表示“不大可能实现的假设”，而是表示一种希望或不希望发生的动作。
如：If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch time.
假如我们赶上早班火车，到午饭时间我们就会到达那里了。(表希望)
If we missed the train, we should have to wait an hour at the station.
假如我们赶不上这班火车，我们就得在车站等一小时。（表不希望）
4. 混合型的条件句
当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。
He would pass the test if he had taken my advice．如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。
If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.
假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。
You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.
假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。
如条件从句用if I were...，主句则可用表任何时间的虚拟形式。
如：If I were not busy, I would have come.
假如我不忙，我就会去了。(were表过去)
If I were you, I would go.
假如我是你，我会去的。(were表现在)
二. 连词if的省略
如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were，had和should时，可省略if，把were，had和should放到从句主语前面去，多见于书面语。
Had you not helped me，I should have failed.要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。
Were you in my position, you would do the same. 假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。
Should they attack us, we’ll wipe them out completely.
假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。
三. 含蓄条件句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况。
1) 条件暗含在短语中。
如：But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.
如果没有你的帮助，我们的实验是不会成功的。(暗含在分词短词but for your help) What would I have done without you? 如没有你，我会怎么办呢？(条件暗含在介词短语without you 中)
It would be easier to do it this way. 这样做会比较容易。
(条件暗含在不定式短语to do it this way中)
He must have the strength of a hippo, or he never could have vanquished that great beast. 他一定是力大如河马，否则他绝不会击败那只庞大的野兽。(暗含条件是连词or)
Alone, he would have been terrified. 如是单独一人，他是会感到害怕的。(暗含条件是alone)
2) 条件暗含在上下文中。
如：You might stay here forever. 你可以永远待在这儿。(可能暗含if you wanted to)
We would have succeeded. 我们本来是会成功的。(可能暗含if we had kept trying) Your reputation would be ruined. 你的名誉会败坏的。(可能暗含if you should accept it)
3) 在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。
如：You wouldn’t know. 你不会知道。
I would like to come. 我愿意来。
四. 不用if引导的条件从句
虚拟条件句中的条件从句除用if引外，还可用when, unless, lest, suppose, as if, for fear, in case, on condition 等词语来引导。
如：The peasants prepared to feed the city when it should be freed.
农民已准备在这座城市解放后供给粮食。
Lest you should not have heard all, I shall begin at the beginning.
我怕你没有听全，所以我再从头开始讲一遍。
Unless I were well, I wouldn’t be at school. 除非我好了，否则我不会上学。
Suppose you were given a chance to study in America , would you accept?
假如给你一个到美国学习的机会，你会接受吗？（suppose 或supposing =what if）Supposing it were so？（=Supposing it were so，what would happen？）
要是这样的话，会怎么样呢？
He can use the bicycle on condition that he should return it tomorrow.
如果明天能还回来，他就可以借用这辆自行车。
In case I forget , please remind me of my promise 如果我忘了，请提醒我的诺言。
Susan is walking slowly ,as if she were tired. 珊走得很慢，就像是累了似的。
与if一样，上述词语所引导的条件从句亦可用直语气，表可能实现或发生的事。
虚拟语气补充讲解
虚拟语气除主要用于条件句（也就是状语从句）外，还可用于主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句等。
1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用
“常用在It is (was)+形容词/ 过去分词+that引导的主语从句”的句型中的主语从句要用虚拟语气。主语从句的谓语用should+动词原形(或should+have+过去分词)或只用动词原形(尤其是美国英语)。should在此是助动词，本身并无实义，这种主语从句中的should有时有感情色彩。
It's important that we（should）work out a plan. （带有“要求”的含义）
It's better that he go at once. （带有“建议”的意思）
☆用于本句型的形容词并不多，常见形容词有：necessary，important，best, right, impossible，preferable，desirable, imperative, advisable，essential，reserved，urgent，等。
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It's strange that he should say so.
I was glad that he should go.
It is important that we should speak politely.
It is a pity that she should fare so badly.
It's right that you should think that way.
☆用于本句型中的过去分词就是表示提议要求、命令等动词的过去分词，如suggested，settled, required，requested，demanded，urged，decided, proposed，ordered，desired，advised等。
It is requested that Professor Liu（should）give us a lecture．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
I’m ashamed you should have done such a thing.
It has been suggested that the meeting（should）be put off．有人建议推迟会议。
It is settled that you leave us, then?
注意：这种句型中的主语从句也可用述语气，如：It was important that he made an explicit statement on this score last week. 他上个星期对于这一方面做了明确的说明，这是很重要的。
2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用
1). 宾语从句在表示提议、要求、命令、意志等动词后，其谓语用should+动词原形或只用动词原形的虚拟语气，作为suggest，request，demand，urge，propose，prefer，advise，insist，require，order，command，maintain，ask，object, arrange, desire 等动词的宾语。
如：
The doctor suggested that he not go there．医生建议他不要去那里。
He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。
The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 法官命令被告还押。
2). wish的宾语的从句，表示愿望，常省去连词that。
☆从句的谓语动词可用过去式，表示现在的愿望（与现在事实相反），虽实现的可能性不大，但仍有实现的可能。
I wish it were true．我但愿这是真的。
☆从句的谓语动词还可用“could（would，might）+动词原形”用来表示将来的愿望
I wish you would stay a little longer.我希望你再待一会儿。
☆表示无能为力的过去愿望（与过去事实相反），可用“had +过去分词”或“could（would，might）+have+过去分词”
I wish you had called yesterday．我希望你昨天来过。
We wish you had come to our New Year’s party.我们真希望你来参加了我们的新年联欢会。
3). would rather, would sooner等表示愿望，其宾语从句常用虚拟过去式。
☆表示与现在和将来含义事实相反的虚拟语气要用动词的过去式
☆用过去完成式(had + 过去分词)表示过去事实相反的含义
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
I’d sooner she left the heavy end of the work to some one else.我宁愿她把重活留给别人。
4). 有些动词，如think, expect, believe,其否定式的宾语从句亦可用should+动词原形。如：
I never thought he should refuse.我万没有想到他会拒绝。
She did not expect that you should come.她没有预料你会来。
3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用
名词suggestion，proposal，order，advice，demand等作主语，其后的表语从句中的谓语动词一般使用虚拟语气，用should +动词原形或省略should。
My suggestion is that we (should) send a few soldiers to help them.
我的建议是我们应派几个战士去增援他们。
My advice is that you (should) treat her well. 我的忠告是你应该善待她。
He makes the demand that she (should) leave the place at once.
他提出一个要求，要求她立刻离开这个地方。
My suggestion is that we should tell him.我的建议是我们应该告诉他。
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
我们唯一的请求就是尽快解决这个问题。
注意：虚拟语气也可以用于同位语从句。
如：There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.有一项建议是布朗应该离队。
4. 虚拟语气在定语从句中的应用
常用在It is time (that)…句型中，定语从句常用虚拟过去式
It is time the children went to bed. 孩子们早该上床睡觉了。（表示催促）It's high time that he began to think how to deal with money.
他早该开始考虑如何与钱打交道。
It is time we left.我们该走了。
It is time we went to bed.我们该去睡觉了。
5. 虚拟式动词原形亦常用在独立句中，表愿望
Long live the Communist Party of China！中国共产党万岁！
God bless you! 上帝保佑你。
God damn it! 该死的！
The devil take you! 见鬼去吧！
So be it then. 就那样吧。
6. 虚拟时态与谓语动词时态的关系：从句中的虚拟时态往往不受全句谓语时态的影响。
1) 用于主语从句。试比较：
It is important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
It was important that he should know about this.他必须知道此事。
2) 用于宾语从句。试比较：
I suggest that we should go tomorrow.我建议我们明天走。
I suggested that we should go the next day.我建议我们第二天走。
She said, “If I were a boy I would join the army.”她说，“我如是男孩，就参军。”
She said that if she were a boy, she would join the army.她说她如是男孩就参军。
但强调现在时刻的虚拟式在间接引语中需要遵守时态一致的原则。试比较：
“If I knew how it worked, I could tell you what to do,” he said.
“假如我知道它是如何运行的话，我就会告诉你该怎么办，”他说道。
He said that if he had known how it worked he could have told me what to do.
他说假如他知道它是如何运行的话，他就会告诉我该怎么办。
“If I knew the answer to all your questions I'd be a genius,” he said.
“我如知道你所有问题的答案，我就是天才了。”他说道。
He said that if he knew the answer to all my questions, he’d be a genius.
他说他如知道我所有问题的答案，他就是天才了。
但如果全句谓语是虚拟语气，其后从句的时态则多受其影响，现在时态应随之而变为过去时态。
如：I would think he was wrong.我看他是错了。(须用was,试比较：I think he is wrong)
It would seem that she was right. 她似乎是对的。(须用was,试比较：It seems that she is right)
专项练习1：
1.I enjoyed the movie very much. I wish I _____ the book from which it was made.
A. have read
B. had read
C. should have read
D. are reading
2.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. come; would meet
B. had come; would have met
C. come; will meet
D. had come; would meet
3.The two students talked as if they _____ friends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
4.It is important that I _____ with Mr. Williams immediately.
A. speak
B. spoke
C. will speak
D. to speak
5.He looked as if he _____ ill for a long time.
A. was
B. Were
C. has been
D. had been
6.If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child would not _____.
A. have laid there for two hours
B. have been lied there for two hours
C. have lied there for two hours
D. have lain there for two hours
lie – lay- lain 躺
lie – lied – lied 说谎
lay- laid – laid 下蛋
7.I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went
B. could go
C. have gone
D. could have gone
8.Let’s say y ou could go there again, how _____ feel?
A. will you
B. should you
C. would you
D. do you
9.I can’t stand him. He always talks as though he _____ everything.
A. knew
B. knows
C. has known
D. had known
10._____ the fog, we should have reached our school.
A. Because of
B. In spite of
C. In case of
D. But for
11.If you had told me in advance, I _____ him at the airport.
A. would meet
B. would had met
C. would have met
D. would have meet
12.Mike can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he_____ me how.
A. teaches
B. will teach
C. has taught
D. would teach
13.I would have told him the answer, had it been possible, but I _____ so busy then.
A. had been
B. were
C. was
D. would be
14.He’s working hard for fear that he _____.
A. should fall behind
B. fell behind
C. may fall behind
D. would fallen behind
15.If it _____ another ten minutes, the game would have been called off.
A. had rained
B. would have rained
C. have seen
D. rained
16.He suggested that they _____ use a trick instead of fighting.
A. should
B. would
C. do
D. had
17.My father did not go to New York; the doctor suggested that he _____ there.
A. not went
B. won’t go
C. not go
D. not to go
18.I would have gone to the meeting if I _____ time.
A. had had
B. have had
C. had
D. would have had
19.Would you rather I _____ buying a new bike? would rather sb. did sth.
A. decided against
B. will decide against
C. have decided
D. shall decide against
20.You look so tired tonight. It is time you _____.
A. go to sleep
B. went to sleep
C. go to bed
D. went to bed
21.—W hy didn’t you buy a new car?
—I would have bought one if I _____ enough money.
A. had
B. have had
C. would have
D. had had
22.If she could sew, _____.
A. she make a dress
B. she would have made a shirt
C. she will make a shirt
D. she would had made a coat
23._____ today, he would get there by Friday.
A. Would he leave ？？？
B. Was he leaving
C. Were he to leave
D. If he leaves
24.His doctor suggested that he _____ a short trip abroad.
A. will take
B. would take
C. take
D. took
25.The Bakers arrived last night. If they’d only let us know earlier,_____ at the station.
A. we’d meet them
B. we’ll meet them
C. we’d have met them
D. we’ve met them
26.If I _____ you, I _____ more attention to English idioms and phrases.
A. was; shall pay
B. am; will pay
C. would be; would pay
D. were; would pay
27.We might have failed if you _____ us a helping hand.
A. have not given
B. would not give
C. had not given
D. did not give
28.The law requires that everyone _____ his car checked at least once a year.
A. has
B. had
C. have
D. will have
29.It is strange that he _____ so.
A. would say
B. would speak
C. should say
D. will speak
30.Had I known her name, _____
高考虚拟语气用法详解 一·语气概述 和时态语态一样，语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，它表明说话者的目的和意图。英语中有三种语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。（有的语法书说语气有四种，即还包括疑问语气）。 eg：①He doesn’t see very well in his right eye .他右眼视力不太好。（陈述语气） ②Have they ever been to Australia ?他们去过澳大利亚没有？（疑问语气） ③Please read through the instruction in advance .请先通读说明书。（祈使语 气） 二·虚拟语气概述 在英语中，由于说话人的意图不同，动词需用不同的形式，称为语气。虚拟语气是指说话人表示一种假设的情况，一种愿望，怀疑，推测，请求等，即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实。虚拟语气可用于状语从句，名词性从句，定语从句及其他结构中。 三·非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 真实条件句（遵循主将从现原则） A.由If引导的两种条件句： 非真实条件句（虚拟语气） 以下为If在非真实条件句中虚拟语气的形式和用法： 假设类型If从句主句 与现在事实相反did (be用were)should/would/ could/might do 与过去事实相反had done should/would/ could/might have done 与将来事实相反1)did 2)were to do 3)should do should/would/ could/might do eg：①If I were you ,I would reconsider their advice .如果我是你的话，我会重新考虑他们的意见。（与现在事实相反） ②You would not have caught a cold if you had put on more clothes .如果你多穿了些衣服，你就不会得感冒了。（与过去事实相反）
虚拟语气用法 英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。 1、表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。 China is an Asian country. (肯定句) How interesting my stay in China has been! (感叹句) 2、祈使句表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。如: Please come over here. 请到这边来。 Watch your steps! 当心!(走路) 3、虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。此外，如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。如: If I were a bird，I would be able to fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。
If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。这种条件句叫错综条件句。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。 If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。 If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。 5、当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if可以省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，即把were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。 Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。 Were she here, she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。 Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。 【注意】 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were，should，had 等缩略成Weren't，Shouldn't，Hadn't而置于句首。 Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived on time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。 ②有时省略if后提前的had不是助动词: Had I time，I would come. 假若我有时间，我会来的。(=If I had time…) 6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。 ①将条件会暗含在介词短语中，如without…, but for…,otherwise（要不是因为）等 But for his help, we would be working now. (要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。
虚拟语气用法详解 一、条件句中的虚拟语气 1.条件句中虚拟语气的形式 从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根 2. 条件句中的虚拟语气的举例 (1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he should go to Qing Hua Univer sity, he would make full use of his time. If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如： If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he wo uld know you well. (3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have tol d you about it. If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题 (1) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。 从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. If they had informed us, we would not come here now. (2) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有wer e, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, s hould, had等词置于句首。如： Should he agree to go there, we wo uld send him there. Were she here, she would agree wit h us. Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. (3) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：
虚拟语气的特殊用法
虚拟语气的特殊用法 江苏省郑集高级中学李博雅 一．在动词suggest(提议,提出,建议), advise(劝告,忠告), order(命令,下令,吩咐), demand(要求), propose(提议), require(要求), insist(坚持, 坚决主张), command(命令), request(请求, 恳求), desire(请求), prefer(提出)等动词后的宾语从句的谓语，这些词的过去分词作表语时主语从句的谓语，以及这些词的名词同位语从句、作主语时的表语从句的谓语常用“should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气, should可以省略。如： 1. The man demanded that Tom (should) apologize. 2. He insisted that we (should) take up the matter at the meeting. 3. I requested that he (should) use his influence on my behalf. 4. The general ordered the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（宾语从句） = The general’s order was that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（表语从句） = It was ordered that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（主语从句） = The general gave the order that the soldiers (should) cross the river at once.（同位语从句） 5. I suggest that he (should) be careful.（宾语从句） = My suggestion is that he (should) be careful.（表语从句） = It is suggested that he (should) be careful.（主语从句） = I gave him the suggestion that he (should) be careful.（同位语从句） 二．在动词wish后的宾语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气，现在或将来的动作用过去式(常含有情态动词could或would)；过去的动作用过去完成式。wish用过去式，从句中与wished同时发生的动作或在将来发生的动作仍用过去式(也常含有情态动词could或would)；在wished之前发生的动作用过去完成式。如： 1. How I wish I could fly to the moon. 2. He wishes I had come yesterday. 3. I wished he could come to give me a hand. 4. We wished he had received the news two days earlier. 三．在以 in order that, so that 引导的状语从句中，谓语常用“may, might, can, could, will, would, should + 动词原形”构成的虚拟语气。有时也可用“should + 动词原形”，特别是从句为否定结构。如： 1. The teacher spoke slowly so that the students could / might hear clearly. 2. What is needed in order that electrical charges may move? 3. She stood away so that I should enter first. 4. I got up early so that I should not miss the train. 仅供学习与交流，如有侵权请联系网站删除谢谢2
高考英语虚拟语气的用法总结 语气：语气是动词的一中形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 语气的种类： （1）陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的，确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句，疑问句和某些感叹句。如We are ready. What a fine day it is! （2）祈使语气表示说话人的建议，请求，邀请，命令等。如Open the door, Please. 应注意以下几点： 1.主语通常是第二人称you，但多不出现，动词用原形，否定用do not 或者don’t 加动词原形（或be） 如Be careful next time. Don’t smoke here. 2.有时为了强调，主语也可以出现，而且可以是第三人称，谓语动词不加-s或者-es 如You be quiet. He stand up. 3.祈使语气可以用do加强语气如Do come to see this Sunday. 4.在Let’s 的祈使句后，疑问部分通常用shall we；在Let us后，疑问部分用will you 如Let’s go out for a walk after supper，shall we? /Let us clean our classroom, will you? 5.祈使句与连词and连用时相当于一个条件句，而and之后则是表示结果。如Think hard and you will have a good idea. （3）虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望，假设或推测等。如If I were you, I should study English. 一．虚拟语气在条件从句的用法 条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。 如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气。如If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟 例如：If he were here, everything would be all right. If her mother had taken the doctor’s advice, she would/might have got well earlier. If it were to rain tomorrow, the match would be canceled. 有时候省略if，采用局部倒装语序。把had /should/were 等动词（不包括行为动词）移到从句的句首。例如：
第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1 语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2 语气的种类 ⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ①There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。 ②Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③How good a teacher she is!她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ①Never be late again!再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。 ⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。如： ①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ②I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。 ③May you succeed!祝您成功！ 虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点。让我们就从最简单的开始吧。 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。 如： ⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。 ⑴、May good luck be yours!祝你好运！ ⑵、May you be happy!祝你快乐！ ⑶、May you do even better!祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。
虚拟语气用法归纳文件管理序列号：[K8UY-K9IO69-O6M243-OL889-F88688]
虚拟语气用法归纳 虚拟语气主要指的的是带有非真实条件状语从句的复合句，表达的是说话人的遗憾后悔的语气，愿望以及建议，命令，要求等等的情感，往往说的是与事实相反或者没办法实现改变的东西。虚拟语气主要表现为在对过去现在或者将来的情况做出假设后，有可能出现的情况。 虚拟语气的内容主要有三大模块，第一模块就是涉及到条件从句部分的内容。这一部分的虚拟语气主要体现在三个方面：基本用法，各自为政，以及含蓄之美。 下表就是条件从句虚拟语气的基本用法： 通常，在上面表格里反映的是非真实条件句的虚拟语气模式，从句和主句的谓语动词时间是一致的，如果两者时间不一致，此时就是混合型虚拟语气。混合型虚拟语气的使用要求“各自为政”，即从句和主句根据各自假设的时间不同，采用上面表格中对应的的谓语动词形式。 如何“各自为政”呢这就像是数学里的排列组合，一边有三种情况，交叉一搭配就出现了好多种情况。不管怎样，我们要遵循一个原则，就是“各自为政”。例如，从句是对过去情况的假设，而主句则是对现在情况的假设，那我们在使用时，从句就用过去完成式，而主句要用
would/could do的形式。当然，也不是所有的AB配就是合理的，有时候在具体语境下，会出现矛盾的情况，这时我们就要结合要表达的意思来 判断他们是对什么情况的假设，选择合适的形式。一般而言，主句的假 设时间会发生在从句的假设时间之后。因为是有这么一个条件才会出现 主句的现状。因此在此类的完成句子练习中，我们要特别提醒注意时间 状语的暗示 1. If I had seen you, I would not be so worried now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 2. If you had not watched television so late last night, you would not be so sleepy now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 3. If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad. (从句和主句都是现在的假设) 4. Had you followed the doctor’s suggestion, you would be fine now.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 5. If I had made some money last summer, I would go on holiday next month.( 从句是对过去的假设，主句是对将来的假设) 6. You didn’t let me drive. If we had driven in turns, you wouldn’t be so tired now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设) 7. If Jack hadn’t met Rose on his voyage, he would be alive now. (从句是对过去的假设，主句是对现在的假设)
高考英语最新虚拟语气知识点解析含答案(1) 一、选择题 1．Look at the trouble you are in！_______your parents’ advice. A．If only you would have followed B．If only you followed C．If only you would follow D．If only you had followed 2．If penicillin available, many people from sickness or even small wounds in World WarⅡ. A．was not; would die B．were not; would have died C．had not been; would died D．had not been; would have died 3．Had electronic computers not been invented, many problems of space flight . A．could not have solved B．could not be solved C．can not have been solved D．could not have been solved 4．What do you think of the proposal that improvement ____ in the type of vacuum cleaner? A．be made B．will be made C．would be made D．has to be made 5．—Oh, dear. I’m really ve ry busy now. —Would you rather that I to you about my experience at school? A．shouldn’t speak B．didn’t speak C．don’t speak D．won’t speak 6．The snowstorm sweeping across California delayed my flight, otherwise I _____ in Hawaii sunbathing on the beach now. A．would be B．could have been C．will be D．might have been 7．It is time that we ________ a decision on how to approach this problem. A．make B．made C．to make D．will make 8．I ______ to you at that time, but I didn’t know where you lived. A．had written B．wrote C．would write D．would have written 9．It is recommended that the project ______ until all the preparations have been made. A．is not started B．will not be started C．not be started D．is not to be started 10．The board thought it urgent that these files _____ right away. A．printed B．had been printed C．would been printed D．be printed 11．--- Are you happy now? --- If only I _____ slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever. A．am B．were C．had been D．should be 12．-You came second in the running race. Congratulations! -Thanks. But practising more, I _______ a different result. A．might get B．may get C．may have got D．might have got 13．－Where are the children? The school bus is leaving. － I wish they ______ always late. A．aren’t B．weren’t C．wouldn’t be D．hadn’t be en 14．________, the damage would be incalculable.
虚拟语气的特殊用法 一、混合式虚拟语气 条件从句中的动词所表示的动作和主句动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式决定于要表示的具体时间。 使用混合式虚拟语气时,注意要抓住主从句中时间的象征性词汇（如now, yesterday 等）来确定是与哪种事实相反，然后再根据主从句中谓语动词的构成来确定。 If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天对他讲的话，你现在就知道怎么做了。 If the boy hadn't been saved this afternoon, his family would not be in peace now. 如果那个男孩今天下午没有被救，他的家现在就不会如此安宁。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假如你接受了我的意见，你现在就会好得多。 二、含蓄条件句 含蓄虚拟条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： 1.介词或介词短语，如but for(要不是……), without, in case of, under more favourable conditions（在更有利的条件下）等取代了if引导的条件状语从句。 Without air, there would be no life on the earth. 要是没有空气，地球上就不会有生命了。 He would have failed but for.his teacher's timely advice =if it had not been for his teacher's timely advice 如果没有老师及时的建议的话，他可能失败了。 We could have done the work better in that case. 要是那样的话，我们本可以把工作干得更好一些的。 We could have done better under more favourable conditions. 在更有利的条件下，我们还可以做得更好些。 2. 用but that+从句（要不是，若非），otherwise, or, but 等分句来代替if引导的条件状语从句。 But that he saw i t with his own eyes, he couldn’t have believed it. 要不是亲眼所见，她不可能相信这事的。（从句用陈述语气，主句用虚拟语气） He would have come to see you yesterday morning but he had an important meeting to attend.他昨天上午就会来看你了，可他有个重要的会议要参加。（主句用虚拟语气，分句用陈述语气） I was ill that day. Otherwise/ or I would have taken part in your birthday party. （本句省略的条件句为If I hadn’t been ill that day.）（如果那天我没生病的话）我那天生病了，否则我就参加你的生日聚会了。 1. If you _____________(follow) my advice yesterday, you _____________(be) better now.
虚拟语气 一、考点聚焦 1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中 （1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如：If I were a boy, I would join the army. If the had time, she should go with you. （2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。如： If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition. （3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/ could might + 动词原形。如； If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off. （4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。如： If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在) 以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句主句与过去事实相反had + 过去分词should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形 与将来事实相反一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形 有时候在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如：Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain. 2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 （1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。 ①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。如： I wish it were spring all the year round. I wish I had known the answer. I wish I could fly like a bird. ②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。如： She suggested we (should)leave here at once. The doctor ordered she should be operated. （2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
英语虚拟语气用法详解 1. 英语语气的概念 英语有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用于陈述事实、提出看法或问题等，祈使语气用于表示请求、命令或警告等，虚拟语气则表示假想或主观愿望。如： I like this book the best. 我最喜欢这本书。(陈述语气) Don’t be so careless. 不要如此粗心大意。(祈使语气) I suggest that we should go tomorrow. 我建议我们明天走。(虚拟语气) If you dropped the glass, it would break. 假如你把玻璃杯掉在地上，它会打碎的。(虚拟语气) 3. 虚拟条件句的基本类型 (1) 与现在事实相反：若与现在事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If we left now, we should arrive in good time. 假如我们现在就走的话，我们就会及时到达。 (2) 与过去事实相反：若与过去事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词)，主句谓语用“should (would, coul d, might)+have+过去分词”。如： If he had been in that train then, he might have been k illed in that accident. 如果当时他也在那列火车上，他可能就死于那场车祸了。
(3) 与将来事实相反：若与将来事实相反，条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were)，主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如： If he went，would you go too? 如果他去，你也去吗?(大概他不会去) If I asked him，I’m sure he’d help us. 如果我向他提出要求，肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做) 3. 错综时间虚拟条件句 所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such tro uble now. 如果你听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。 If you were in better health, we’d have let you go wit h us. 你要是身体好一点，我们就让你和我们一道去了。 4. 含蓄虚拟条件句 所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句。如： Anybody else would have believed you. 任何别人都会相信你的话了。 Without your help, I couldn’t have achieved all this. 要不是有你帮助，我不会取得这些成就。 I would have written before, but I have been ill. 我本想给你写信的，但我生病了。 5. if it weren’t (wasn’t) for与if it hadn’t been for
英语虚拟语气讲解 语气(mood)是一种动词形式，用以表示说话者的意图或态度。英语中的语气有三种：陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。 一. 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用 虚拟条件句所表的假设则是不可能或不大可能发生或实现的，句中的条件从句与结果主句皆须用虚拟语气。 条件从句主句 与现在事实相反 If 主语+动词过去式（be的过 去式用were） Should would, might， could+动词原形 与过去事实相反If 主语+had+过去分词should would, might， could）+ have ＋过去分词 与将来事实相反If 主语+动词过去式（be的过去 式用were）；should＋动词原 形；were to＋动词原形 should（would, might， could）+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句， If it were not raining, we should go for a picnic.如果现在不下雨的话，我们就出去野餐了。 （事实是：天在下雨，我们不能出去野餐。表示愿望。） If he came here, he might be able to help you. 如果他来这，他就能够帮助你了。 （事实是：他没来这，他不可能帮助你。表示对他的良好印象。） 2. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句如： She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 要是当初她被邀请的话，她就会去参加这次聚会了。 （事实是：当时没有人邀请她，因此，她没有来参加聚会。表示后悔。）If she hadn't called me, I would have overslept this morning. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的话，我就会睡过头了。 （事实是：她今天早上叫我了，我没有睡过头。表示感激。） 3. 与将来事实可能相反的虚拟条件句， If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French.
1．虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 （1）若表示与现在事实相反的假设，则条件从句中用过去式，主句中用过去将来式（would，should，could，might + 动词原形）；若表示某事将来实现的可能性不大，则条件从句中用should + 动词原形也可用“were to+动词原形”或用过去式动词。如： 2）若表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句中用过去完成式，主句中用过去将来完成式（should，would，could，might + have + 过去分词）。如： busy． （3）含有虚拟语气的条件状语从句中，如有had，should，were 这三个词的话，在正式或书面语言中可将if省略，再将句子的主语和谓语动词实行全部倒装或部分倒装。如： （4）若主句从句所指的时间不一致，即条件从句表示与过去事实相反，主句表示与现在事实相反；或者条件从句表示与现在事实相反，主句表真实情况，则从句中应采用与具体时间相对应的虚拟形式。如： 2．虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法 在动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。如： 3．虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如： 4．虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法。 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形 5．虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的用法 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。 6．虚拟语气在定语从句中的用法： 在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟语气。 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。 Ⅰ用以表示虚拟条件的虚拟语气 ⒈ 用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。 ① 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过
虚拟语气用法归纳
虚拟语气（the subjunctive mood）用法归纳 第一部分：语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述 句、疑问句和某些感叹句。如： ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗？ ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！ ⑵祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如： ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ②Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿 望、假设或推测等。如： ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功！ 第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、 或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。如：
⑴Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？ ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）。如： ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！ ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐！ ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！ ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型，主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如： ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁！ ⑵“God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快！ 三、表示强烈愿望。（该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形，第三人称单数也不加“s”） ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。