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材料科学英语

第一章晶体结构

原子质量单位Atomic mass unit (amu)

原子数Atomic number

原子量Atomic weight

波尔原子模型Bohr atomic model

键能Bonding energy

库仑力Coulombic force

分子的构型molecular configuration

电子构型electronic configuration

负电的Electronegative

正电的Electropositive

基态Ground state

氢键Hydrogen bond

同位素Isotope

摩尔Mole

分子Molecule

泡利不相容原理Pauli exclusion principle 元素周期表Periodic table

原子atom

分子量molecule weight

极性分子Polar molecule

量子数quantum number

价电子valence electron

范德华键van der waals bond

电子轨道electron orbitals

点群point group

对称要素symmetry elements

原子堆积因数atomic packing factor(APF) 体心立方结构body-centered cubic (BCC) 面心立方结构face-centered cubic (FCC) 布拉格定律bragg’s law

配位数coordination number

晶体结构crystal structure

晶系crystal system

晶体的crystalline

衍射diffraction

中子衍射neutron diffraction

电子衍射electron diffraction

晶界grain boundary

六方密堆积hexagonal close-packed (HCP) 鲍林规则Pauling’s rules

NaCl型结构NaCl－type structure

CsCl型结构Caesium Chloride structure

闪锌矿型结构Blende-type structure

纤锌矿型结构Wurtzite structure

金红石型结构Rutile structure

萤石型结构Fluorite structure 钙钛矿型结构Perovskite-type structure

尖晶石型结构Spinel-type structure

硅酸盐结构Structure of silicates

岛状结构Island structure

链状结构Chain structure

层状结构Layer structure

架状结构Framework structure

滑石talc

叶蜡石pyrophyllite

高岭石kaolinite

石英quartz

长石feldspar

美橄榄石forsterite

各向同性的isotropic

各向异性的anisotropy

晶格lattice

晶格参数lattice parameters

密勒指数miller indices

非结晶的noncrystalline

多晶的polycrystalline

多晶形polymorphism

单晶single crystal

微晶crystallite

晶胞unit cell

电位electron states

共价键covalent bonding

金属键metallic bonding

离子键Ionic bonding

极性分子polar molecules

原子面密度atomic planar density

衍射角diffraction angle

合金alloy

粒度,晶粒大小grain size

显微结构microstructure

显微照相photomicrograph

扫描电子显微镜scanning electron microscope (SEM) 透射电子显微镜transmission electron microscope (TEM)

重量百分数weight percent

四方的tetragonal

单斜的monoclinic

第二章晶体结构缺陷

缺陷defect, imperfection

点缺陷point defect

线缺陷line defect, dislocation

面缺陷interface defect

体缺陷volume defect

位错排列dislocation arrangement

位错线dislocation line

刃位错edge dislocation

螺位错screw dislocation

混合位错mixed dislocation

晶界grain boundaries

大角度晶界high-angle grain boundaries 小角度晶界tilt boundary,

孪晶界twin boundaries

位错阵列dislocation array

位错气团dislocation atmosphere

位错轴dislocation axis

位错胞dislocation cell

位错攀移dislocation climb

位错聚结dislocation coalescence

位错滑移dislocation slip

位错核心能量dislocation core energy 位错裂纹dislocation crack

位错阻尼dislocation damping

位错密度dislocation density

原子错位substitution of a wrong atom 间隙原子interstitial atom

晶格空位vacant lattice sites

间隙位置interstitial sites

杂质impurities

弗伦克尔缺陷Frenkel disorder

肖脱基缺陷Schottky disorder

主晶相the host lattice

错位原子misplaced atoms

缔合中心Associated Centers.

自由电子Free Electrons

电子空穴Electron Holes

伯格斯矢量Burgers

克罗各-明克符号Kroger Vink notation 中性原子neutral atom

第二章晶体结构缺陷-固溶体

固溶体solid solution

固溶度solid solubility

化合物compound

间隙固溶体interstitial solid solution

置换固溶体substitutional solid solution 金属间化合物intermetallics

不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution 有序固溶体ordered solid solution

无序固溶体disordered solid solution 固溶强化solid solution strengthening

取代型固溶体Substitutional solid solutions

过饱和固溶体supersaturated solid solution

非化学计量化合物Nonstoichiometric compound

第三章熔体结构

熔体结构structure of melt

过冷液体supercooling melt

玻璃态vitreous state

软化温度softening temperature

粘度viscosity

表面张力Surface tension

介稳态过渡相metastable phase

组织constitution

淬火quenching

退火的softened

玻璃分相phase separation in glasses

体积收缩volume shrinkage

第四章固体的表面与界面

表面surface

界面interface

同相界面homophase boundary

异相界面heterophase boundary

晶界grain boundary

表面能surface energy

小角度晶界low angle grain boundary

大角度晶界high angle grain boundary

共格孪晶界coherent twin boundary

晶界迁移grain boundary migration

错配度mismatch

驰豫relaxation

重构reconstuction

表面吸附surface adsorption

表面能surface energy

倾转晶界titlt grain boundary

扭转晶界twist grain boundary

倒易密度reciprocal density

共格界面coherent boundary

半共格界面semi-coherent boundary

非共格界面noncoherent boundary

界面能interfacial free energy

应变能strain energy

晶体学取向关系crystallographic orientation

惯习面habit plane

第五章相图

相图phase diagrams

相phase

组分，组元component

相律Phase rule

投影图Projection drawing

浓度三角形Concentration triangle

冷却曲线Cooling curve

成分composition

自由度freedom

相平衡phase equilibrium

化学势chemical potential

热力学thermodynamics

相律phase rule

吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule

自由能free energy

吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy

吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing

吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy

吉布斯函数Gibbs function

热力学函数thermodynamics function

热分析thermal analysis

过冷supercooling

过冷度degree of supercooling

杠杆定律lever rule

相界phase boundary

相界线phase boundary line

相界交联phase boundary crosslinking

共轭线conjugate lines

相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking 相界反应phase boundary reaction

相变phase change

相组成phase composition

共格相phase-coherent

金相相组织phase constituent

相衬phase contrast

相衬显微镜phase contrast microscope

相衬显微术phase contrast microscopy

相分布phase distribution

相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant

相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram

相变滞后phase transition lag

相分离phase segregation

相序phase order

相稳定性phase stability

相态phase state 相稳定区phase stabile range

相变温度phase transition temperature

相变压力phase transition pressure

同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation 同素异晶转变allotropic transformation

相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions 显微结构microstructures

低共熔体eutectoid

不混溶性immiscibility

第六章扩散

活化能activation energy

扩散通量diffusion flux

浓度梯度concentration gradient

菲克第一定律Fick’s first law

菲克第二定律Fick’s second law

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2.5 Theme words Skeleton Jack and the beanstalk Jack lived with mother in cottage, very poor She sent him to sell cow He met butcher – sold cow for beans Mother angry – threw beans out of window Next morning jack?s room dark. Beanstalk rising to sky He climbed to top – strange land Met woman –she said land belonged to giant. Giant had killed his father and stolen hism money Jack walked, night fell, came to castle Giant?s wife unwillingly took him in, fed him, hid himi in oven Giant returned, sniffed round kitchen …Fee, fi, foh, fum I smell the blood of an Englishman Be he alive or be he dead I will grind his bones tomake my break? Giant ate huge supper, called for his hen, roared: “Lay!” She laid 12 eggs. Giant went to sleep, snore shook castle Jack stole hen, ran to beanstalk, back hom He and mother rich Jack back up beanstalk – disguised Taken in again by giant?s wife – hidden in cupboard Giant returned: “Fee fi…? huge super, countes money, snores Jack steals money, back down beanstalk Builds mother new house New disguise – back up beanstalk Taken in by wife, hidden in wash-tub …Fee, fi…? Huge supper, giant calls for harp: “Play!” Harp plays, giant snores Jack grabs harp, harp cries …Master, Master!” Giant wakes – chases Jack Jack fast down beanstalk, giant close behind Calls …Mother, Mother, the axe!” Chops down beanstalk – kills giant!

邯郸学步的英语故事阅读

邯郸学步的英语故事阅读他见什么学什么，学一样丢一样，虽然花样翻新，却始终不能做好一件事，不知道自己该是什么模样。家里的人劝他改一改这个毛病，他以为是家里人管得太多。亲戚、邻居们，说他是狗熊掰棒子，他也根本听不进去。日久天长，他竟怀疑自己该不该这样走路，越看越觉得自己走路的姿势太笨，太丑了。有一天，他在路上碰到几个人说说笑笑，只听得有人说邯郸人走路姿势那叫美。他一听，对上了心病，急忙走上前去，想打听个明白。不料想，那几个人看见他，一阵大笑之后扬长而去。邯郸人走路的姿势究竟怎样美呢?他怎么也想象不出来。这成了他的心病。终于有一天，他瞒着家人，跑到遥远的邯郸学走路去了。一到邯郸，他感到处处新鲜，简直令人眼花缭乱。看到小孩走路，他觉得活泼、美，学;看见老人走路，他觉得稳重，学;看到妇女走路，摇摆多姿，学。就这样，不过半月光景，他连走路也不会了，路费也花光了，只好爬着回去了。 A young man in the State of Yan heard that the State of Zhao was more powerful than the State of Yan,燕国有个青年听说赵国比燕国强大，

so he was much interested in the State of Zhao.对赵国很感兴趣，Consequently, he crossed over mountain after mountain by himself and got to Handan.于是，他一个人翻山越岭，来到了邯郸。 Upon arrival at Handan, he felt that the State of Zhao was indeed more stable than the State of Yan.到了邯郸，他觉得赵国确实比燕国安定。 Even the way of walking of the people of the State of Zhao looked better than that of the people of the State of Yan.连赵国人走路的姿势都比燕国人好看。 He made up his mind to learn how the people of the State of Zhao walked in Handan,他决定在邯郸学会赵国人走路，so that in the future the people of the State of Yan could walk as gracefully as them.将来让燕国人走路也能像赵国人一样好看。 Yet, that was easier said than done.可是，说起来容易做起来难。 No matter how hard he tried, he was unable to learn the gait of the people of the State of Zhao.这个青年怎么学也没有学会赵国人走路的姿势，On the contrary, he even forgot completely how he walked in the State of Yan.反而连自己在燕国时如何走路也忘得干干净净。 In the end, he had no alternative but to crawl back from the State of Zhao to the State of Yan.最后，池没有办法，只好爬着离开赵国回燕国去了。看了“邯郸学步的英语故事的人还看了：1.小学英语故事短文阅读

就我个人学习英语的经历而言

就我个人学习英语的经历而言，也曾是多次放弃、重来；再放弃，再重来。开始都是怀着积极的心态，投入到英语学习的战斗中去。恨不能一天之内就要学会两课书、三课书。一个月就要学完一册书。然而，学着学着，就感觉要“坚持“不住了，想要放弃。开始总是找不到解决的办法，为此而郁闷。后来才发现解决这样的问题其实并不难。一、要学会精神转移。t8? o T U2w(z M 在英语学习的过程中，感到枯燥乏味，信心不足的时候，不要强迫自己往下学，因为从你的思想意识形态里已经开始产生了抵触英语的情绪。这时再继续只能是“适得其反”，请你先放一放你所学习的内容，最好的去处是逛书店，到外文书店看看那些崭新的原版小说，先不要看其内容，只看图书的封面。这些原版图书要比国内图书的封面做得好得多。这些花花绿绿的封面（特别是名着的封面）能够强烈刺激你的大脑神经，让你对书中的内容产生联想，从欣赏图片的审美角度去激发你阅读的兴趣。这时，你选择一本自己喜欢的，翻开内容看上一两段，你就会发现原来你的英语已经很有水平了，以前的时间没有白费。还有一个原因，你学英语的时候是孤立的，当你置身到外文书店的时候，你会发现那里有很多中国人、外国人，这时候你才能够感受到很多中国人都和你一样在努力着，也许他（她）的英文水平很高，也许他（她）还不如你。从而让自己产生羡慕、嫉妒、欣慰的心理。只有这样才能激发你的继续学习的兴趣。而你所看到的那些外国人，如果你能上前聊上几句，何尝不是一件快乐的事情？为什么不敢呢？是自己水平不够吧？那还不回家赶快去学？除此之外，你还可以去听听那些原版磁带，去看看原版DVD来调节自己的心态。尽量不要去想自己现在所学的教材。毕竟在内容上它有很大的局限性，只有丰富多彩的内容才能保持你好学的心态。二、学习他人之长。M f M7i i 学习英语是要虚心的，在自己坚持不住的时候，要多去看看那些成功人士的书籍，听听他们的心得。俞敏洪、李阳，杜子华、钟道隆等等，这些已经取得成功的人士，他们同样也遭遇过你我这样的经历，也曾经在坚持和放弃之间徘徊过。他们是怎样走过来的？这是我们要学习的，不管你是否认可这些人，为什么他们成功了，就因为他们会调节自己的心态坚持走到底。我在坚持不住的时候，就会找出钟道隆教授《踏踏实实学英语》讲座录音听听，体会一位老人学习英语的艰辛，看看李阳《疯狂英语》的演讲，感受他的狂热，读读杜子华的《英语成功学》吸取他丰富的经验。这些都能调节自身的心态，鼓励我们“坚持”下去。三、不要一棵树上吊死。无论是学习方法，还是教材，都有它的局限性，都会因人而异。别人的经验是经过多少次失败总结而来的，或许对你就不实用。要学“博取众家之长，补己之短&rd quo;，在实践中去归纳总结。找到自己能够“坚持”的方法。一套教材未必就要全书背诵下来，人都有个性、喜恶。或许某一类你就不喜欢，那就别硬着头皮去看、去听。即使别人都说好的，也要自己去衡量，找到自己感兴趣的，你才能够坚持下去。如果非让一个喜欢流行音乐的人去听京剧，还不如让他去参观疯人院的好。所以，千万不要一棵树上吊死，喜欢什么就去接触什么，一本书里只一点点也好，一盘磁带里只一句就行。4G F f | j$B(| ^ 四、要了解学习的资源

[牛津中小学英语网]can与could的用法及练习

Unit 4 can/could的用法 1.can/could都属于情态动词，本身有各种意义，具体在句子中不同。 2.情态动词不能单独作谓语，只能和动词一起构成谓语。 3.情态动词没有人称和数量的变化。 4.表示说话人的语气和情感。 Can/could的几种句式：肯定句否定句缩略式 can can not can’t could could not couldn’t 疑问句： can you…….? could you…...? 一、用can或could的相关形式填空 1. He swim and I sing. 2. She read and draw, but she write five years ago. 3. LiuTao play basketball when（当）he was a child. 4.I use the mobile phone until(直到) I was fifteen years old. 5. What could you do three years ago? We ride a bike to school. 二、按要求完成句子 1. He can play the piano. （改一般疑问句和否定句，并作肯定和否定回答）否定句_________________________________________ 一般疑问句_________________________________________ 肯定回答______________否定回答______________ 对划线部分提问： 2.你会弹吉他吗？ _____ you _____ ______ guitar? 3.两年前我不会骑自行车。 I ______ ______a bike two years ______. 4.十年前你会写字吗？不，我不会。 you ten years ago? No, I . 5.五年前你不会做什么？我不会游泳和画画。 What you five years ago? I swim and . 6. They couldn’t speak English twenty years ago. 一般疑问句：肯定回答：否定回答：对划线部分提问：

英语故事20篇

英语故事20篇 1-The North Wind and the Sun (2) 2-Please Sew a Jacket on the Button (3) 3-You Cook Better Now Than Before (4) 4-What Is It ? (5) 5-Perhaps It Isn’t Me (6) 6-I’ll Play an Old Alluring Woman (7) 7-It’s My Birthday Today (8) 8-I’ve Asked a Few Policemen to Come (9) 9-A Shoe Pattern (10) 10-My Father Is as Old as Me (12) 11-Tell Them Not to Bring My Hat Here (13) 12-We’re the Most Modest in Our Class (14) 13-You’d Better Go to Ask My Wife (15) 14-A Foolish Chicken (16) 15-Something Is Wrong with Your Cars (17) 16-At Least I’m Not Lost (18) 17-We Can’t Pay for Them (19) 18-I Owe You for a Float (20) 19-You’d Better Not Talk With Him (20) 20-I’m Watching TV Now (21)

1-The North Wind and the Sun One day ,the North Wind met the Sun .They began to quarrel .The North Wind is a cold wind .It blows with great force .In Europe it brings rai and snow ,especially in northern Europe . “I’am stronger than you ”,the North Wind said to the Sun .“I can blow the roofs off houses .I can make typhoons and huge waves on the sea .” “No ,”said the Sun quietly ,“I’am stronger than you .I can melt ice and snow .I make the trees blossom and the flowers bloom. ” A man came walking along ,wearing a big coat . “Look at that man ,”said the North Wind .“I can blow off his coat .You can’t do that .” The North Wind blew hard at the man .The man’s coat blew open. The North Wind blew with more force .The man said “I’am cold ”.He did up his coat and turned up his collar .The North Wind howled and blew harder still .The man was nearly blown off the coat .He put his hands deep into the pockets of his coat and he kept on walking .The wind could not blow off his coat . The Sun smiled . “Now watch me ,”he said .“I’ll show you a better way to take off the man’s coat .”

33,我的英语学习经历

[英语作文]我的英语学习经历 The Experience of Learning English My friends say that I'm good in English, because I always get good marks in English tests and I have just scored the highest points in the interview. They think I'm a talented girl and I'm clever at English from the beginning. But in fact, I'm not a talented girl. I'm just a common girl. I'd like to say something about my experience of learning English. I didn't do well in English in the beginning. I started my English course at the age of 10. Maybe you can't imagine, I couldn't say a whole sentence at that time. I couldn't catch up with my classmates because of my bad base. Having a bad base may be many students' problem. I was sad about it, but I wasn't afraid of it. The next summer holiday, I spent almost all of my free time practicing English by listening to the tape and repeating after it. Whenever it was, wherever I was, I kept the tape on. I listened carefully and I tried to recite the article. Soon, I found I had made a good progress in my English. At least, I could understand what the teacher said in class. Then slowly, I could get good marks at times. This taught me a good lesson. That is not to be afraid of setbacks, hard work makes progress. This is the first part of my English learning. When I was in Grade Six and Seven, my English was much better than it was. I could always get good marks in tests. My English skills still couldn't compare with the top students in my class. My spoken English was really poor. I got a 'B' in my spoken English at the end of the first term.This showed what I was weak at. I decided to improve it. This was the second part. I knew that study is a process. If I want to improve my spoken English in one or two days, that's impossible. I must spend a long time reading more, listening more, writeing more and talking more. The third part is the hardest. English is really important today, so I wanted to make myself excellent. I take an English course called New Concept English by myself. Maybe you have heard about it. This is a good English course and I learn it by myself. I think it's really important for you to learn how to learn English by yourself. You can try English course or other ways which matches you.I think it's necessary to be outgoing and confident. Don't be shy, don't be silent. I want to improve my English skills, so I need to talk and write. This isn't a problem for me, because I'm always confident and like to try. I talk to foreign teachers. I have some other advice as well. I must say don't be nervous, try to be relaxed when you write articles or talk to foreign teachers or just talk to your English teacher. Remember: Don't pay too much attention to details when you are talking. If you have some mistakes, that's all right.

英语报纸电子版

Postgrad poisoned by roommate dies A postgraduate student at the medical school of Shanghai Fudan University died Tuesday after drinking water allegedly poisoned by his roommate. Huang Yang, 28, was in his third year at the university. He began violently vomiting and developed a fever after drinking water in his dorm on April 1. He fell into a coma with liver failure after being sent to hospital, according to the university. Initial police investigation on April 11 found that the contents of a water dispenser in Huang's dormitory were contaminated by poisonous compound. But the compound has not yet been identified, police said. Huang's roommate surnamed Lin was identified as a suspect and has been under police custody. Police are continuing to investigate the case . 五十个长大成人的标志(1) Key signs of adulthood are no longer relying on mum and dad for financial decisions, being able to cook an evening meal from scratch and owning a lawn mower according to the Skipton Building Society. Here are the 50 things that prove you are grown-up.1.Having a mortgage 2.Mum and dad no longer make your financial decisions 3.Paying into a pension 4.Conducting a weekly food shop 5.Written a Will 6.Having children 7.Budgeting every month 8.Being able to cook an evening meal from scratch 9.Getting married 10.Having life insurance 11.Recycling 12.Having a savings account 13.Knowing what terms like 'ISA' and 'tracker' mean 14.Watching the news 15.Owning a lawn mower 16.Doing your own washing 17.Taking trips to the local tip 18.Planting flowers 19.Being able to bleed a radiator 20.Having a joint bank account 21.Having a view on politics Editors ：艾琳陈巧玲刘丙珍杨晨露

牛津中小学英语网4AUNIT3

四年级上册Unit 3 知识点归纳及练习：一、语音 Ll Ll，Ll for /1 /, /1 / / 1 / look lion library lovely ruler eleven like let long Look at the lion in the library. It looks so funny and lovely. 二、词汇三会：sticker 贴纸very 很，非常fourteen 十四sixteen 十六 box 盒子seventeen 十七nineteen 十九table tennis 乒乓 but 但是四会：thirteen 十三can 可以，能，会fifteen 十五sure 当然eighteen 十八play 玩，打（球）many 许多do 做，干词组： 1.my toy cars 我的玩具汽车 2. some stickers 一些贴纸 3.have a look 看一看 4. very beautiful 非常漂亮 5.many balls 许多球 6. in that box 在那个盒子里 7.play table tennis 打乒乓8. fifteen dolls 十五个娃娃 9. so funny 如此有趣10. all those cakes 那些所有的蛋糕三、句型 1.Look at my toy cars. 看我的玩具汽车。 2.How many cars do you have 你有多少辆汽车 3.Do you have any toy cars 你有一些玩具汽车吗 4.What do you have 你有什么 5.I have some stickers. 我有一些贴纸。 6.Can I have a look 我能看一看吗 7.Can I have one 我可以要一张吗 8.They're very beautiful. 它们非常漂亮。 9.They're in that box. 它们在那个盒子里。 10.Let's play. 让我们一起玩。 11.Can you play table tennis 你会打乒乓吗 12.No, but I can do this. 不会，但是我会这样做。 13.Look at the lion in the library. It looks so funny and lovely. 看在图书馆的那只狮子。它看起来是这么有趣又可爱。四、小知识 1.How many后常跟可数名词复数，询问数量。如： How many cars do you have Three. How many robots do you have Ten. 2.Can I have a look 我可以看一看吗can在这里表示请求。如： Can I have one 我可以有一张吗